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Wang Z, Zhang W, Meng Y, Xiao Z, Mei Y. Topology Optimization Driven Bone-Remodeling Simulation for Lumbar Interbody Fusion. J Biomech Eng 2024; 146:121004. [PMID: 39196594 DOI: 10.1115/1.4066369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
This study proposes a numerical approach for simulating bone remodeling in lumbar interbody fusion (LIF). It employs a topology optimization method to drive the remodeling process and uses a pixel function to describe the structural topology and bone density distribution. Unlike traditional approaches based on strain energy density or compliance, this study adopts von Mises stress to guide the remodeling of LIF. A novel pixel interpolation scheme associated with stress criteria is applied to the physical properties of the bone, directly addressing the stress shielding effect caused by the implanted cage, which significantly influences the bone remodeling outcome in LIF. Additionally, a boundary inverse approach is utilized to reconstruct a simplified analysis model. To reduce computational cost while maintaining high structural resolution and accuracy, the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) is introduced. The proposed numerical approach successfully generates results that closely resemble human lumbar interbody fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuowei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Neurospine Center, China International Neuroscience Institute, Beijing 100530, China
- Capital Medical University
| | - Weisheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, International Research Center for Computational Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China; Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, No. 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Yao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, International Research Center for Computational Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhe Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, International Research Center for Computational Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
- Dalian University of Technology
| | - Yue Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, International Research Center for Computational Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China; Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, No. 26 Yucai Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo 315016, China
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2
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Xie B, Zhang L, Wang Y, Chu Y, Lu Y. Finite element analysis in the Dental Sciences: A Bibliometric and a Visual Study. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)01416-3. [PMID: 39327150 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Finite element analysis (FEA) is an incrementally practical and precise tool for the prediction of stress effects on different tissue structures and has therefore interested dental researchers for decades. This bibliometric and visualized study was aimed to assess the research progress related to FEA in the dental sciences in terms of research trends and frontiers. METHODS The articles about FEA studies in this field during 1999 to 2024 were obtained from Web of Science Core Collection. Then, these results were analysed and plotted using Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace in order to find out the historical evolution, current hotspots, and future directions. RESULTS Total 2838 literature records related to the topic were retrieved from Web of Science Core Collection. The most active country and institution were USA (538 documents) and Universidade Estadual Paulista (140 documents), respectively. Baggi et al from University of Naples Federico II was the author with the most highly cited article (352 citations), which was published on the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry in 2008. Dental Materials ranked first (231 documents) among the 10 journals with the greatest numbers of relevant publications. The top three trending keywords were 'dental implant', 'stress distribution', and 'fracture'. The endocrown, clear aligner, and posterior edentulism were scientific frontiers in this field. CONCLUSION The present study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research in the dental science by FEA approaches, which will identify active hotspots of scientific interest to guide further research endeavours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bintao Xie
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Oral Digital Intelligence and Personalized Medicine, Changsha, China; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Oral Digital Intelligence and Personalized Medicine, Changsha, China; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Dermatology & National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanjie Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Oral Digital Intelligence and Personalized Medicine, Changsha, China; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanhao Chu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Oral Digital Intelligence and Personalized Medicine, Changsha, China; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanqin Lu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Changsha, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Oral Digital Intelligence and Personalized Medicine, Changsha, China; Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Guo J, Tang H, Li X, Wang Y, Guo S, Tian Q, Zhou Y. Kinematic-kinetic compliant acetabular cup positioning based on preoperative motion tracking and musculoskeletal modeling for total hip arthroplasty. J Biomech 2024; 176:112332. [PMID: 39326247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.112332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
The invention of the surgical robot enabled accurate component implantation during total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, a preoperative surgical planning methodology is still lacking to determine the acetabular cup alignment considering the patient-specific hip functions during daily activities such as walking. To simultaneously avoid implant edgeloading and impingement, this study established a kinematic-kinetic compliant (KKC) acetabular cup positioning method based on preoperative gait kinematics measurement and musculoskeletal modeling. Computed tomography images around the hip joint and their biomechanical data during gait, including motion tracking and foot-ground reaction forces, were collected. Using the reconstructed pelvic and femur geometries, the patient-specific hip muscle insertions were located in the lower limb musculoskeletal model via point cloud registration. The designed cup orientation has to be within the patient-specific safe zone to prevent implant impingement, and the optimized value selected based on the time-dependent hip joint reaction force to minimize the risk of edgeloading. As a validation of the proposed musculoskeletal model, the predicted lower limb muscle activations for seven patients were correlated with their surface electromyographic measurements, and the computed hip contact force was also in quantitative agreement with data from the literature. However, the designed cup orientations were not always within the well-known Lewinnek safe zone, highlighting the importance of KKC surgical planning based on patient-specific biomechanical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Dynamics and Control of Flight Vehicle, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, Beijing, 102208, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinxin Li
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Dynamics and Control of Flight Vehicle, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyi Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, Beijing, 102208, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Dynamics and Control of Flight Vehicle, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Clinical College of Peking University, Beijing, 102208, People's Republic of China
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Lewis TL, Mansur H, Ferreira GF, Filho MVP, Battaglion LR, Zambelli R, Ray R, Nunes GA. Comparative biomechanical study of different screw fixation methods for minimally invasive hallux valgus surgery: A finite element analysis. Foot Ankle Surg 2024:S1268-7731(24)00215-7. [PMID: 39261184 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2024.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are different screw configurations utilised for minimally invasive hallux valgus (HV) deformity despite limited biomechanical data assessing the stability and strength of each construct. We aimed to compare the strength of various screw configurations for minimally invasive HV surgery using finite element analysis (FEA). METHODS A FEA model was developed from a CT of a female with moderate HV deformity. Five screw configurations utilizing one or two bicortical or intramedullary screws were tested. Stress analysis considered osteotomy displacement, maximum and minimum principal stresses, and von Mises stress for both implants and bone for each screw configuration. RESULTS Fixation with two screws (one bicortical and one intramedullary) demonstrated the lowest values for osteotomy displacement, minimum and maximum total stress, and equivalent von Mises stress on the bone and screws in both loading conditions. CONCLUSION The optimal configuration when performing minimally invasive surgery for moderate HV is one bicortical and one intramedullary screw. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Lewis
- King's Foot and Ankle Unit, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
| | - H Mansur
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery,Hospital Santa Helena, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - G F Ferreira
- Foot and Ankle Surgery Group, Orthopaedics and Traumatology Unit, Prevent Senior, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M V P Filho
- Head of Foot and Ankle Surgery Group, Orthopaedics and Traumatology Unit, Prevent Senior, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - R Zambelli
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Mater Dei Healthcare Network, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R Ray
- King's Foot and Ankle Unit, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - G A Nunes
- COTE Brasília Clinic, Foot and Ankle Unit, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Wilsdorf P, Reinhardt O, Prike T, Hinsch M, Bijak J, Uhrmacher AM. Simulation studies of social systems: telling the story based on provenance patterns. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:240258. [PMID: 39113768 PMCID: PMC11304336 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Social simulation studies are complex. They typically combine various data sources and hypotheses about the system's mechanisms that are integrated by intertwined processes of model building, simulation experiment execution and analysis. Various documentation approaches exist to increase the transparency and traceability of complex social simulation studies. Provenance standards enable the formalization of information on sources and activities, which contribute to the generation of an entity, in a queryable and computationally accessible manner. Provenance patterns can be defined as constraints on the relationships between specific types of activities and entities of a simulation study. In this paper, we refine the provenance pattern-based approach to address specific challenges of social agent-based simulation studies. Specifically, we focus on the activities and entities involved in collecting and analysing primary data about human decisions, and the collection and quality assessment of secondary data. We illustrate the potential of this approach by applying it to central activities and results of an agent-based simulation project and by presenting its implementation in a web-based tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Wilsdorf
- Institute for Visual and Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Oliver Reinhardt
- Institute for Visual and Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Toby Prike
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Martin Hinsch
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jakub Bijak
- Department of Social Statistics and Demography, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Adelinde M. Uhrmacher
- Institute for Visual and Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Ren Y, Wang H, Song X, Wu Y, Lyu Y, Zeng W. Advancements in diabetic foot insoles: a comprehensive review of design, manufacturing, and performance evaluation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1394758. [PMID: 39076210 PMCID: PMC11284111 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1394758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of diabetes has accentuated the significance of addressing the associated diabetic foot problem as a major public health concern. Effectively offloading plantar pressure stands out as a crucial factor in preventing diabetic foot complications. This review comprehensively examines the design, manufacturing, and evaluation strategies employed in the development of diabetic foot insoles. Furthermore, it offers innovative insights and guidance for enhancing their performance and facilitating clinical applications. Insoles designed with total contact customization, utilizing softer and highly absorbent materials, as well as incorporating elliptical porous structures or triply periodic minimal surface structures, prove to be more adept at preventing diabetic foot complications. Fused Deposition Modeling is commonly employed for manufacturing; however, due to limitations in printing complex structures, Selective Laser Sintering is recommended for intricate insole designs. Preceding clinical implementation, in silico and in vitro testing methodologies play a crucial role in thoroughly evaluating the pressure-offloading efficacy of these insoles. Future research directions include advancing inverse design through machine learning, exploring topology optimization for lightweight solutions, integrating flexible sensor configurations, and innovating new skin-like materials tailored for diabetic foot insoles. These endeavors aim to further propel the development and effectiveness of diabetic foot management strategies. Future research avenues should explore inverse design methodologies based on machine learning, topology optimization for lightweight structures, the integration of flexible sensors, and the development of novel skin-like materials specifically tailored for diabetic foot insoles. Advancements in these areas hold promise for further enhancing the effectiveness and applicability of diabetic foot prevention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfei Ren
- The First Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Song
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yanli Wu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yongtao Lyu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- DUT-BSU Joint Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, New York Institute of Technology, New York, NY, United States
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7
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Lahoud P, Jacobs R, Elahi SA, Ducret M, Lauwers W, van Lenthe GH, Richert R, EzEldeen M. Developing Advanced Patient-Specific In Silico Models: A New Era in Biomechanical Analysis of Tooth Autotransplantation. J Endod 2024; 50:820-826. [PMID: 38452866 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As personalized medicine advances, there is an escalating need for sophisticated tools to understand complex biomechanical phenomena in clinical research. Recognizing a significant gap, this study pioneers the development of patient-specific in silico models for tooth autotransplantation (TAT), setting a new standard for predictive accuracy and reliability in evaluating TAT outcomes. METHODS Development of the models relied on 6 consecutive cases of young patients (mean age 11.66 years ± 0.79), all undergoing TAT procedures. The development process involved creating detailed in silico replicas of patient oral structures, focusing on transplanting upper premolars to central incisors. These models underpinned finite element analysis simulations, testing various masticatory and traumatic scenarios. RESULTS The models highlighted critical biomechanical insights. The finite element models indicated homogeneous stress distribution in control teeth, contrasted by shape-dependent stress patterns in transplanted teeth. The surface deviation in the postoperative year for the transplanted elements showed a mean deviation of 0.33 mm (±0.28), significantly higher than their contralateral counterparts at 0.05 mm (±0.04). CONCLUSIONS By developing advanced patient-specific in silico models, we are ushering in a transformative era in TAT research and practice. These models are not just analytical tools; they are predictive instruments capturing patient uniqueness, including anatomical, masticatory, and tissue variables, essential for understanding biomechanical responses in TAT. This foundational work paves the way for future studies, where applying these models to larger cohorts will further validate their predictive capabilities and influence on TAT success parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lahoud
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Imaging and Pathology, OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium; Division of Periodontology & Oral Microbiology, Department of Oral Health Sciences-University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Imaging and Pathology, OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium; Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Seyed Ali Elahi
- Department of Movement Sciences, Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maxime Ducret
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie thérapeutique, UMR 5305 CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMS 3444 BioSciences Gerland- Lyon Sud, Lyon, France; Service d'Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Wout Lauwers
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Imaging and Pathology, OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Raphaël Richert
- Service d'Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, LaMCoS, UMR5259, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mostafa EzEldeen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Imaging and Pathology, OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Paediatric Dentistry and Special Dental Care, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Allen P, Cox SC, Jones S, Espino DM. A genetic algorithm optimization framework for the characterization of hyper-viscoelastic materials: application to human articular cartilage. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:240383. [PMID: 39100168 PMCID: PMC11296198 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to develop an automated framework for the characterization of materials which are both hyper-elastic and viscoelastic. This has been evaluated using human articular cartilage (AC). AC (26 tissue samples from 5 femoral heads) underwent dynamic mechanical analysis with a frequency sweep from 1 to 90 Hz. The conversion from a frequency- to time-domain hyper-viscoelastic material model was approximated using a modular framework design where finite element analysis was automated, and a genetic algorithm and interior point technique were employed to solve and optimize the material approximations. Three orders of approximation for the Prony series were evaluated at N = 1, 3 and 5 for 20 and 50 iterations of a genetic cycle. This was repeated for 30 simulations of six combinations of the above all with randomly generated initialization points. There was a difference between N = 1 and N = 3/5 of approximately ~5% in terms of the error estimated. During unloading the opposite was seen with a 10% error difference between N = 5 and 1. A reduction of ~1% parameter error was found when the number of generations increased from 20 to 50. In conclusion, the framework has proved effective in characterizing human AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piers Allen
- Physical Sciences for Health CDT, Department of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sophie C. Cox
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon Jones
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel M. Espino
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Andreassen TE, Hume DR, Hamilton LD, Higinbotham SE, Shelburne KB. Automated 2D and 3D finite element overclosure adjustment and mesh morphing using generalized regression neural networks. Med Eng Phys 2024; 126:104136. [PMID: 38621835 PMCID: PMC11064159 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Computer representations of three-dimensional (3D) geometries are crucial for simulating systems and processes in engineering and science. In medicine, and more specifically, biomechanics and orthopaedics, obtaining and using 3D geometries is critical to many workflows. However, while many tools exist to obtain 3D geometries of organic structures, little has been done to make them usable for their intended medical purposes. Furthermore, many of the proposed tools are proprietary, limiting their use. This work introduces two novel algorithms based on Generalized Regression Neural Networks (GRNN) and 4 processes to perform mesh morphing and overclosure adjustment. These algorithms were implemented, and test cases were used to validate them against existing algorithms to demonstrate improved performance. The resulting algorithms demonstrate improvements to existing techniques based on Radial Basis Function (RBF) networks by converting to GRNN-based implementations. Implementations in MATLAB of these algorithms and the source code are publicly available at the following locations: https://github.com/thor-andreassen/femors; https://simtk.org/projects/femors-rbf; https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/120353-finite-element-morphing-overclosure-reduction-and-slicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor E Andreassen
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - Donald R Hume
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Landon D Hamilton
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sean E Higinbotham
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Kevin B Shelburne
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
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Aftabi H, Zaraska K, Eghbal A, McGregor S, Prisman E, Hodgson A, Fels S. Computational models and their applications in biomechanical analysis of mandibular reconstruction surgery. Comput Biol Med 2024; 169:107887. [PMID: 38160502 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Advanced head and neck cancers involving the mandible often require surgical removal of the diseased parts and replacement with donor bone or prosthesis to recreate the form and function of the premorbid mandible. The degree to which this reconstruction successfully replicates key geometric features of the original bone critically affects the cosmetic and functional outcomes of speaking, chewing, and breathing. With advancements in computational power, biomechanical modeling has emerged as a prevalent tool for predicting the functional outcomes of the masticatory system and evaluating the effectiveness of reconstruction procedures in patients undergoing mandibular reconstruction surgery. These models offer cost-effective and patient-specific treatment tailored to the needs of individuals. To underscore the significance of biomechanical modeling, we conducted a review of 66 studies that utilized computational models in the biomechanical analysis of mandibular reconstruction surgery. The majority of these studies employed finite element method (FEM) in their approach; therefore, a detailed investigation of FEM has also been provided. Additionally, we categorized these studies based on the main components analyzed, including bone flaps, plates/screws, and prostheses, as well as their design and material composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Aftabi
- Department of ECE, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada.
| | - Katrina Zaraska
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, Vancouver, V5Z 1M9, BC, Canada
| | - Atabak Eghbal
- Department of ECE, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
| | - Sophie McGregor
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, Vancouver, V5Z 1M9, BC, Canada
| | - Eitan Prisman
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, Vancouver, V5Z 1M9, BC, Canada
| | - Antony Hodgson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
| | - Sidney Fels
- Department of ECE, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
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Dagneaux L, Canovas F, Jourdan F. Finite element analysis in the optimization of posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2024; 110:103765. [PMID: 37979672 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2023.103765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty (PS-TKA) is associated with high rates of satisfaction and functional recovery. This is notably attributed to implant optimization in terms of design, choice of materials, positioning and understanding of biomechanics. Finite elements analysis (FEA) is an assessment technique that contributed to this optimization by ensuring mechanical results based on numerical simulation. By close teamwork between surgeons, researchers and engineers, FEA enabled testing of certain clinical impressions. However, the methodological features of the technique led to wide variations in the presentation and interpretation of results, requiring a certain understanding of numerical and biomechanical fields by the orthopedic community. The present study provides an up-to-date review, aiming to address the following questions: what are the principles of FEA? What is the role of FEA in studying PS design in TKA? What are the key elements in the literature for understanding the role of FEA in PS-TKA? What is the contribution of FEA for understanding of tibiofemoral and patellofemoral biomechanical behavior? What are the limitations and perspectives of digital simulation and FEA in routine practice, with a particular emphasis on the "digital twin" concept? LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: V, expert opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Dagneaux
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologie du membre inférieur, hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU de Montpellier, 371, avenue Gaston-Giraud, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France; Laboratoire de mécanique et génie civil (LMGC), Montpellier University of Excellence (MUSE), université de Montpellier, 860, rue de St-Priest, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - François Canovas
- Service de chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologie du membre inférieur, hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU de Montpellier, 371, avenue Gaston-Giraud, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Franck Jourdan
- Laboratoire de mécanique et génie civil (LMGC), Montpellier University of Excellence (MUSE), université de Montpellier, 860, rue de St-Priest, 34090 Montpellier, France
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Martin L, Jain P, Ferguson Z, Gholamalizadeh T, Moshfeghifar F, Erleben K, Panozzo D, Abramowitch S, Schneider T. A systematic comparison between FEBio and PolyFEM for biomechanical systems. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 244:107938. [PMID: 38056313 PMCID: PMC10843651 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Finite element simulations are widely employed as a non-invasive and cost-effective approach for predicting outcomes in biomechanical simulations. However, traditional finite element software, primarily designed for engineering materials, often encountered limitations in contact detection and enforcement, leading to simulation failure when dealing with complex biomechanical configurations. Currently, a lot of model tuning is required to get physically accurate finite element simulations without failures. This adds significant human interaction to each iteration of a biomechanical model. This study addressed these issues by introducing PolyFEM, a novel finite element solver that guarantees inversion- and intersection-free solutions with completely automatic collision detection. The objective of this research is to validate PolyFEM's capabilities by comparing its results with those obtained from a well-established finite element solver, FEBio. METHODS To achieve this goal, five comparison scenarios were formulated to assess and validate PolyFEM's performance. The simulations were reproduced using both PolyFEM and FEBio, and the final results were compared. The five comparison scenarios included: (1) reproducing simulations from the FEBio test suite, consisting of static, dynamic, and contact-driven simulations; (2) replicating simulations from the verification paper published alongside the original release of FEBio; (3) a biomechanically based contact problem; (4) creating a custom simulation involving high-energy collisions between soft materials to highlight the difference in collision methods between the two solvers; and (5) performing biomechanical simulations of biting and quasi-stance. RESULTS We found that PolyFEM was capable of replicating all simulations previously conducted in FEBio. Particularly noteworthy is PolyFEM's superiority in high-energy contact simulations, where FEBio fell short, unable to complete over half of the simulations in Scenario 4. Although some of the simulations required significantly more simulation time in PolyFEM compared to FEBio, it is important to highlight that PolyFEM achieved these results without the need for any additional model tuning or contact declaration. DISCUSSION Despite being in the early stages of development, PolyFEM currently provides verified solutions for hyperelastic materials that are consistent with FEBio, both in previously published workflows and novel finite element scenarios. PolyFEM exhibited the ability to tackle challenging biomechanical problems where other solvers fell short, thus offering the potential to enhance the accuracy and realism of future finite element analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Martin
- University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, USA
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13
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Andreassen TE, Laz PJ, Erdemir A, Besier TF, Halloran JP, Imhauser CW, Chokhandre S, Schwartz A, Nohouji NA, Rooks NB, Schneider MTY, Elmasry S, Zaylor W, Hume DR, Shelburne KB. Deciphering the "Art" in Modeling and Simulation of the Knee Joint: Assessing Model Calibration Workflows and Outcomes. J Biomech Eng 2023; 145:121008. [PMID: 37796636 PMCID: PMC10777499 DOI: 10.1115/1.4063627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Model reproducibility is a point of emphasis for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and in science, broadly. As the use of computational modeling in biomechanics and orthopedics grows, so does the need to assess the reproducibility of modeling workflows and simulation predictions. The long-term goal of the KneeHub project is to understand the influence of potentially subjective decisions, thus the modeler's "art", on the reproducibility and predictive uncertainty of computational knee joint models. In this paper, we report on the model calibration phase of this project, during which five teams calibrated computational knee joint models of the same specimens from the same specimen-specific joint mechanics dataset. We investigated model calibration approaches and decisions, and compared calibration workflows and model outcomes among the teams. The selection of the calibration targets used in the calibration workflow differed greatly between the teams and was influenced by modeling decisions related to the representation of structures, and considerations for computational cost and implementation of optimization. While calibration improved model performance, differences in the postcalibration ligament properties and predicted kinematics were quantified and discussed in the context of modeling decisions. Even for teams with demonstrated expertise, model calibration is difficult to foresee and plan in detail, and the results of this study underscore the importance of identification and standardization of best practices for data sharing and calibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor E. Andreassen
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210
| | - Peter J. Laz
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210
| | - Ahmet Erdemir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Biomodeling (CoBi) Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Thor F. Besier
- Department of Engineering Science, Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Jason P. Halloran
- Applied Sciences Laboratory, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99164
| | - Carl W. Imhauser
- Department of Biomechanics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - Snehal Chokhandre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Biomodeling (CoBi) Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Ariel Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Biomodeling (CoBi) Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Neda Abdollahi Nohouji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Biomodeling (CoBi) Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Nynke B. Rooks
- Department of Engineering Science, Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Marco T. Y. Schneider
- Department of Engineering Science, Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Shady Elmasry
- Department of Biomechanics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
| | - William Zaylor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Donald R. Hume
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210
| | - Kevin B. Shelburne
- Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210
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Roytman GR, Beitler B, LaMonica J, Spero M, Toy K, Ramji AF, Yoo B, Leslie MP, Baumgaertner M, Tommasini SM, Wiznia DH. An analytical model of lateral condylar plate working length. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2023; 110:106129. [PMID: 37871506 PMCID: PMC10848195 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2023.106129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The locking plate is a common device to treat distal femur fractures. Healing is affected by construct stiffness, thus many surgeon-controlled variables such as working length have been examined for their effects on strain at the fracture. No convenient analytical model which aids surgeons in determining working length has yet been described. We propose an analytical model and compare it to finite element analysis and cadaveric biomechanical testing. METHODS First, an analytical model based on a cantilever beam equation was derived. Next, a finite element model was developed based on a CT scan of a "fresh-frozen" cadaveric femur. Third, biomechanical testing in single-leg stance loading was performed on the cadaver. In all methods, strain at the fracture was recorded. An ANCOVA test was conducted to compare the strains. FINDINGS In all models, as the working length increased so did strain. For strain at the fracture, the shortest working length (35 mm) had a strain of 8% in the analytical model, 9% in the finite element model, and 7% for the cadaver. The longest working length (140 mm) demonstrated strain of 15% in the analytical model, and the finite element and biomechanical tests both demonstrated strain of 14%. INTERPRETATION The strain predicted by the analytical model was consistent with the strain observed in both the finite element and biomechanical models. As demonstrated in existing literature, increasing the working length increases strain at the fracture site. Additional work is required to refine and establish validity and reliability of the analytical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Roytman
- Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, 47 College Place, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Engineering & Applied Science, 17 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Brian Beitler
- Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, 47 College Place, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Julia LaMonica
- Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, 47 College Place, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Matthew Spero
- Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, 47 College Place, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kendal Toy
- Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, 47 College Place, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Alim F Ramji
- Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, 47 College Place, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Brad Yoo
- Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, 47 College Place, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Michael P Leslie
- Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, 47 College Place, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Michael Baumgaertner
- Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, 47 College Place, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Steven M Tommasini
- Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, 47 College Place, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Engineering & Applied Science, 17 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Daniel H Wiznia
- Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, 47 College Place, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Yale University School of Engineering & Applied Science, 17 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Karimi Dastgerdi A, Esrafilian A, Carty CP, Nasseri A, Yahyaiee Bavil A, Barzan M, Korhonen RK, Astori I, Hall W, Saxby DJ. Validation and evaluation of subject-specific finite element models of the pediatric knee. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18328. [PMID: 37884632 PMCID: PMC10603053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Finite element (FE) models have been widely used to investigate knee joint biomechanics. Most of these models have been developed to study adult knees, neglecting pediatric populations. In this study, an atlas-based approach was employed to develop subject-specific FE models of the knee for eight typically developing pediatric individuals. Initially, validation simulations were performed at four passive tibiofemoral joint (TFJ) flexion angles, and the resulting TFJ and patellofemoral joint (PFJ) kinematics were compared to corresponding patient-matched measurements derived from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A neuromusculoskeletal-(NMSK)-FE pipeline was then used to simulate knee biomechanics during stance phase of walking gait for each participant to evaluate model simulation of a common motor task. Validation simulations demonstrated minimal error and strong correlations between FE-predicted and MRI-measured TFJ and PFJ kinematics (ensemble average of root mean square errors < 5 mm for translations and < 4.1° for rotations). The FE-predicted kinematics were strongly correlated with published reports (ensemble average of Pearson's correlation coefficients (ρ) > 0.9 for translations and ρ > 0.8 for rotations), except for TFJ mediolateral translation and abduction/adduction rotation. For walking gait, NMSK-FE model-predicted knee kinematics, contact areas, and contact pressures were consistent with experimental reports from literature. The strong agreement between model predictions and experimental reports underscores the capability of sequentially linked NMSK-FE models to accurately predict pediatric knee kinematics, as well as complex contact pressure distributions across the TFJ articulations. These models hold promise as effective tools for parametric analyses, population-based clinical studies, and enhancing our understanding of various pediatric knee injury mechanisms. They also support intervention design and prediction of surgical outcomes in pediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Karimi Dastgerdi
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland and the Advanced Design and Prototyping Technologies Institute (ADAPT), Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
| | - Amir Esrafilian
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Christopher P Carty
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland and the Advanced Design and Prototyping Technologies Institute (ADAPT), Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Department of Orthopedics, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Azadeh Nasseri
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland and the Advanced Design and Prototyping Technologies Institute (ADAPT), Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Alireza Yahyaiee Bavil
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland and the Advanced Design and Prototyping Technologies Institute (ADAPT), Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Martina Barzan
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland and the Advanced Design and Prototyping Technologies Institute (ADAPT), Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Rami K Korhonen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ivan Astori
- Department of Orthopedics, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wayne Hall
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - David John Saxby
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland and the Advanced Design and Prototyping Technologies Institute (ADAPT), Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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Baumann AP, Hsieh MT, Dmitriev AE, Lotz JC. The relative influence of model parameters on finite element analysis simulations of intervertebral body fusion device static compression performance. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2023; 26:1742-1751. [PMID: 36308761 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2022.2139145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Non-clinical mechanical performance testing is a critical aspect of intervertebral body fusion device (IBFD) development and regulatory evaluation. Recently, stakeholders have begun leveraging computational modeling and simulations such as finite element analysis (FEA) in addition to traditional bench testing. FEA offers advantages such as reduced experiment time, lower costs associated with elimination of bench testing (e.g. specimen manufacture and test execution), and elucidating quantities of interest that traditional testing cannot provide (e.g. stress and strain distributions). However, best practices for FEA of IBFDs are not well defined, and modeler decision making can significantly influence simulation setup and results. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the relative influence of modeling parameters when using FEA to assess non-clinical mechanical performance of IBFDs. FEA was used to conduct a series of IBFD static uniaxial compression simulations. Several parameters relating to implant geometry, loading/boundary conditions, and material properties were carefully controlled to assess their relative influence on two output variables (IBFD stiffness and yield load). Results were most influenced by device geometry, while the effects of boundary conditions and material properties were more significant within IBFDs of identical or similar geometries. These results will aid stakeholders in the development of standardized best practices for using FEA to assess non-clinical mechanical performance of IBFDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Baumann
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Meng-Ting Hsieh
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Anton E Dmitriev
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Lotz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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17
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Mebarki S, Jourdan F, Canovas F, Malachanne E, Dagneaux L. Validation of a novel finite-element model for evaluating patellofemoral forces and stress during squatting after posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2023; 109:103519. [PMID: 36528261 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2022.103519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have documented the relationship between patellofemoral pain and patient dissatisfaction after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, few computer simulations have been designed to evaluate the patellofemoral joint during flexion. The aim of this study was to validate a new computational simulation, driven by forces and moments, and to analyze patellofemoral reaction forces and stress under squat loading conditions after TKA implantation. HYPOTHESIS This computational simulation of a squat using a model driven by forces and moments is comparable to in vitro and in silico data from the literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS We developed a finite element model of the lower limb after implantation of a fixed-bearing posterior-stabilized TKA. To simulate squat loading conditions when standing on both legs, an initial load of 130N was applied to the center of the femoral head. Quadriceps force, patellofemoral contact force and Von Mises stress on the patellar implant, tibiofemoral contact forces and pressure on the tibial insert, and post-cam contact force were evaluated from 0° to 100° of knee flexion. RESULTS Quadriceps force increased during flexion, up to 6 times the applied load. Von Mises stress on patellar implant increased up to 16MPa at 100° flexion. Tibiofemoral contact forces increased up to 415 N medially and 339 N laterally, with 64% distributed medially on the tibial insert. Post-cam contact started slightly before 70° of flexion. DISCUSSION In this simulation, tibiofemoral, patellofemoral and post-cam contact forces, and pressure distribution on the tibial insert were consistent with various published studies. This agreement suggests that computational simulation driven by forces and moments can reproduce squat loading conditions during knee flexion after TKA, without experimental kinematic data used to drive the simulation. CONCLUSION This study represents an initial step towards validating tibiofemoral and patellofemoral mechanical behavior under squat conditions, from this computational simulation driven by forces and moments. This model will help us better understand the influence of various implantation techniques on patellofemoral forces and stress during flexion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV, biomechanical computational study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Mebarki
- Laboratoire de mécanique et génie civil (LMGC), CNRS, Montpellier University of Excellence (MUSE), 860, rue de St-Priest, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Jourdan
- Laboratoire de mécanique et génie civil (LMGC), CNRS, Montpellier University of Excellence (MUSE), 860, rue de St-Priest, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - François Canovas
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lower limb Surgery Unit, Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier University, 371, avenue Gaston-Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Etienne Malachanne
- Laboratoire de mécanique et génie civil (LMGC), CNRS, Montpellier University of Excellence (MUSE), 860, rue de St-Priest, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Louis Dagneaux
- Laboratoire de mécanique et génie civil (LMGC), CNRS, Montpellier University of Excellence (MUSE), 860, rue de St-Priest, 34090 Montpellier, France; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Lower limb Surgery Unit, Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier University, 371, avenue Gaston-Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France.
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Takeda H, Abe Y, Imai T, Rashid MZM, Ikeda D, Kawabata S, Nagai S, Hachiya K, Fujita N, Kaneko S. Elucidation of the Mechanism of Occasional Anterior Longitudinal Ligament Rupture with Posterior Correction Procedure for Adult Spinal Deformity Using LLIF-Finite Element Analysis of the Impact of the Lordotic Angle of Intervertebral LLIF Cage. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1569. [PMID: 37763688 PMCID: PMC10532993 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: There are several advantages of using lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) for correction surgeries for adult spinal deformity (ASD); however, we currently have unresolved new issues, including occasional anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) rupture during the posterior correction procedure. When LLIF was initially introduced, only less lordotic cages were available and ALL rupture was more frequently experienced compared with later periods when more lordotic cages were available. We performed finite element analysis (FEA) regarding the mechanism of ALL rupture during a posterior correction procedure. Methods: A spring (which mimics ALL) was introduced at the location of ALL in the FEA and an LLIF cage with two different lordotic angles, 6 and 12 degrees (6DC/12DC), was employed. To assess the extent of burden on the ALL, the extension length of the spring during the correction procedure was measured and the location of the rotation center was examined. Results: We observed a significantly higher degree of length extension of the spring during the correction procedure in the FEA model with 6DC compared with that of 12DC. We also observed that the location of the rotation center was shifted posteriorly in the FEA model with 6DC compared with that of 12DC. Conclusions: It is considered that the posterior and rostral edge of the less lordotic angle cage became a hinge, and the longer lever arm increased the burden on ALL as the principle of leverage. It is important to use an LLIF cage with a sufficient lordotic angle, that is compatible with the degree of posterior osteotomy in ASD correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Takeda
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Abe
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eniwa Hospital, Eniwa 061-1373, Japan
| | - Takaya Imai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Mohd Zaim Mohd Rashid
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Daiki Ikeda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Soya Kawabata
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Sota Nagai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kurenai Hachiya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fujita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Kaneko
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
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Zhu Y, Zhang M, Sun Q, Wang X, Li X, Li Q. Advanced Mechanical Testing Technologies at the Cellular Level: The Mechanisms and Application in Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3255. [PMID: 37571149 PMCID: PMC10422338 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanics, as a key physical factor which affects cell function and tissue regeneration, is attracting the attention of researchers in the fields of biomaterials, biomechanics, and tissue engineering. The macroscopic mechanical properties of tissue engineering scaffolds have been studied and optimized based on different applications. However, the mechanical properties of the overall scaffold materials are not enough to reveal the mechanical mechanism of the cell-matrix interaction. Hence, the mechanical detection of cell mechanics and cellular-scale microenvironments has become crucial for unraveling the mechanisms which underly cell activities and which are affected by physical factors. This review mainly focuses on the advanced technologies and applications of cell-scale mechanical detection. It summarizes the techniques used in micromechanical performance analysis, including atomic force microscope (AFM), optical tweezer (OT), magnetic tweezer (MT), and traction force microscope (TFM), and analyzes their testing mechanisms. In addition, the application of mechanical testing techniques to cell mechanics and tissue engineering scaffolds, such as hydrogels and porous scaffolds, is summarized and discussed. Finally, it highlights the challenges and prospects of this field. This review is believed to provide valuable insights into micromechanics in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxuan Zhu
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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20
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Gögele C, Hahn J, Schulze-Tanzil G. Anatomical Tissue Engineering of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Entheses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119745. [PMID: 37298698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The firm integration of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) grafts into bones remains the most demanding challenge in ACL reconstruction, since graft loosening means graft failure. For a functional-tissue-engineered ACL substitute to be realized in future, robust bone attachment sites (entheses) have to be re-established. The latter comprise four tissue compartments (ligament, non-calcified and calcified fibrocartilage, separated by the tidemark, bone) forming a histological and biomechanical gradient at the attachment interface between the ACL and bone. The ACL enthesis is surrounded by the synovium and exposed to the intra-articular micromilieu. This review will picture and explain the peculiarities of these synovioentheseal complexes at the femoral and tibial attachment sites based on published data. Using this, emerging tissue engineering (TE) strategies addressing them will be discussed. Several material composites (e.g., polycaprolactone and silk fibroin) and manufacturing techniques (e.g., three-dimensional-/bio-printing, electrospinning, braiding and embroidering) have been applied to create zonal cell carriers (bi- or triphasic scaffolds) mimicking the ACL enthesis tissue gradients with appropriate topological parameters for zones. Functionalized or bioactive materials (e.g., collagen, tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass (BG)) or growth factors (e.g., bone morphogenetic proteins [BMP]-2) have been integrated to achieve the zone-dependent differentiation of precursor cells. However, the ACL entheses comprise individual (loading history) asymmetric and polar histoarchitectures. They result from the unique biomechanical microenvironment of overlapping tensile, compressive and shear forces involved in enthesis formation, maturation and maintenance. This review should provide a road map of key parameters to be considered in future in ACL interface TE approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Gögele
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg and Salzburg, Prof. Ernst Nathan Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Judith Hahn
- Workgroup BioEngineering, Department Materials Engineering, Institute of Polymers Materials, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. (IPF), Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg and Salzburg, Prof. Ernst Nathan Str. 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
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21
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Mao W, Chang SM, Zhang YQ, Li Y, Du SC, Hu SJ, Yang A, Zhou KH. Positive medial cortical support versus anatomical reduction for trochanteric hip fractures: Finite element analysis and biomechanical testing. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 234:107502. [PMID: 37003038 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The anatomical reduction (AR) is usually considered the best option for fractures. Nevertheless, in unstable trochanteric hip fractures (UTHF), previous clinical reports found that the positive medial cortical support (PMCS, an over-reduction technique) attained higher mechanical stability, but this challenging clinical finding still needs experimental validation. METHODS This study constructed in-silico and biomechanical PMCS and AR models, with the use of the most clinically-representative geometry design of fracture models, the multi-directional design in FE analysis, and the subject-specific (osteoporotic) bone material properties, to make the models better mimic the actual condition in clinical settings. Then multiple performance variables (von-Mises stress, strain, integral axial stiffness, displacement, structural changes, etc.) were assessed to uncover details of integral and regional stability. RESULTS Among in-silico comparison, PMCS models showed significantly lower maximum displacement than AR models, and the maximum von Mises stress of implants (MVMS-I) was significantly lower in PMCS models than in AR models (highest MVMS-I in -30°-A3-AR of 1055.80 ± 93.37 MPa). Besides, PMCS models had significantly lower maximum von Mises stress along fracture surfaces (MVMS-F) (highest MVMS-F in 30°-A2-AR of 416.40 ± 38.01 MPa). Among biomechanical testing comparison, PMCS models showed significantly lower axial displacement. Significantly lower change of neck-shaft angle (CNSA) was observed in A2-PMCS models. A fair amount of AR models converted into the obvious negative medial cortical support (NMCS) condition, whereas all PMCS models kept the PMCS condition. The results were also validated through comparison to previous clinical data. CONCLUSIONS The PMCS is superior to the AR in the UTHF surgery. The current study opens up the second thought of the role of over-reduction technique in bone surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mao
- The Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, Shanghai 200090, China; Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, 801 Heqing Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shi-Min Chang
- The Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, Shanghai 200090, China.
| | - Ying-Qi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Orthopaedics and Biotechnology, Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Trauma and Reparative Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shou-Chao Du
- The Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Sun-Jun Hu
- The Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Aolei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, 801 Heqing Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kai-Hua Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, QingPu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, No.1158 Gongyuan Dong Road, Shanghai 201700, China.
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22
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Talbott H, Jha S, Gulati A, Brockett C, Mangwani J, Pegg EC. Clinically useful finite element models of the natural ankle - A review. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2023; 106:106006. [PMID: 37245282 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2023.106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomechanical simulation of the foot and ankle complex is a growing research area but compared to simulation of joints such as hip and knee, it has been under investigated and lacks consistency in research methodology. The methodology is variable, data is heterogenous and there are no clear output criteria. Therefore, it is very difficult to correlate clinically and draw meaningful inferences. METHODS The focus of this review is finite element simulation of the native ankle joint and we will explore: the different research questions asked, the model designs used, ways the model rigour has been ensured, the different output parameters of interest and the clinical impact and relevance of these studies. FINDINGS The 72 published studies explored in this review demonstrate wide variability in approach. Many studies demonstrated a preference for simplicity when representing different tissues, with the majority using linear isotropic material properties to represent the bone, cartilage and ligaments; this allows the models to be complex in another way such as to include more bones or complex loading. Most studies were validated against experimental or in vivo data, but a large proportion (40%) of studies were not validated at all, which is an area of concern. INTERPRETATION Finite element simulation of the ankle shows promise as a clinical tool for improving outcomes. Standardisation of model creation and standardisation of reporting would increase trust, and enable independent validation, through which successful clinical application of the research could be realised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shilpa Jha
- University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Aashish Gulati
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claire Brockett
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Elise C Pegg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
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23
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Williamson P, Garcia M, Momenzadeh K, Abbasian M, Kheir N, Stewart I, DeAngelis JP, Ramappa AJ, Nazarian A. A Validated Three-Dimensional, Heterogenous Finite Element Model of the Rotator Cuff and The Effects of Collagen Orientation. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:1002-1013. [PMID: 36469168 PMCID: PMC10428175 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-03114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Continuum mechanics-based finite element models of the shoulder aim to quantify the mechanical environment of the joint to aid in clinical decision-making for rotator cuff injury and disease. These models allow for the evaluation of the internal loading of the shoulder, which cannot be measured in-vivo. This study uses human cadaveric rotator cuff samples with surface tendon strain estimates, to validate a heterogeneous finite element model of the supraspinatus-infraspinatus complex during various load configurations. The computational model was considered validated when the absolute difference in average maximum principal strain for the articular and bursal sides for each load condition estimated by the model was no greater than 3% compared to that measured in the biomechanical study. The model can predict the strains for varying infraspinatus loads allowing for the study of load sharing between these two tightly coordinated tendons. The future goal is to use the modularity of this validated model to study the initiation and propagation of rotator cuff tear and other rotator cuff pathologies to ultimately improve care for rotator cuff tear patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Williamson
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN123, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mason Garcia
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN123, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaveh Momenzadeh
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN123, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mohammadreza Abbasian
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN123, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nadim Kheir
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN123, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Isabella Stewart
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN123, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joseph P DeAngelis
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN123, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN121, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Arun J Ramappa
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN123, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN121, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ara Nazarian
- Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN123, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN121, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia.
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24
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Koç O, Pamukçu H, Kocabalkan AA. Comparison of 3 different bone-borne type expansion appliances used in surgically-assisted rapid palatal expansion: A finite element analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023; 163:e23-e33. [PMID: 36572581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to compare the effects of 3 different bone-borne type expansion appliances used in the surgically-assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) by finite element analysis. METHODS Three different miniscrew-supported palatal expansion appliances were modeled. Median and lateral osteotomies were performed without pterygomaxillary suture separation. Model I consisted of a palatal expander with 2 miniscrews placed 4 mm far from the midpalatal suture. In model II, 2 miniscrews were located at the alveolar ridge between the first molar and the second premolar. In model III, 4 miniscrews were placed as a combination of the first and second models. Stress distributions and amount of displacements were evaluated with Ansys software (version 19.2; Ansys, Canonsburg, Pa) for 5-mm expansion in a symmetrical finite element analysis model to reflect the clinical situation. RESULTS SARPE simulation using miniscrew-assisted maxillary expanders for all models showed a rotation and tipping of the maxilla. The largest displacement was found for the anterior part of the palate in model II and the posterior part in model III. Although a wedge-shaped expansion pattern was observed in all models, this form was more prominent in model II. The highest stress value (0.91 MPa) was measured in model I, and the lowest value (0.004 MPa) was measured in model II for the anterior nasal spine region. The highest stress value (0.51 MPa) was measured in model III, and the lowest value (0.12 MPa) was measured in model II for the posterior nasal spine region. The lowest stress values were measured in model II for all the craniofacial and maxillofacial structures. CONCLUSIONS Among the models, the lowest stress distribution conditions for craniofacial and maxillofacial structures were found in model II. The largest displacement was found at the incisors and anterior part of the maxilla for model II. The greatest displacement was found at the posterior region for model III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Koç
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Pamukçu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Arnold N, Scott J, Bush TR. A review of the characterizations of soft tissues used in human body modeling: Scope, limitations, and the path forward. J Tissue Viability 2023; 32:286-304. [PMID: 36878737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue material properties are vital to human body models that evaluate interactions between the human body and its environment. Such models evaluate internal stress/strain responses in soft tissues to investigate issues like pressure injuries. Numerous constitutive models and parameters have been used to represent mechanical behavior of soft tissues in biomechanical models under quasi-static loading. However, researchers reported that generic material properties cannot accurately represent specific target populations due to large inter-individual variability. Two challenges that exist are experimental mechanical characterization and constitutive modeling of biological soft tissues and personalization of constitutive parameters using non-invasive, non-destructive bedside testing methods. It is imperative to understand the scope and appropriate applications for reported material properties. Thus, the goal of this paper was to compile studies from which soft tissue material properties were obtained and categorize them by source of tissue samples, methods used to quantify deformation, and material models used to describe tissues. The collected studies displayed wide ranges of material properties, and factors that affected the properties included whether tissue samples were in vivo or ex vivo, from humans or animals, the body region tested, body position during in vivo studies, deformation measurements, and material models used to describe tissues. Because of the factors that affected reported material properties, it is clear that much progress has been made in understanding soft tissue responses to loading, yet there is a need to broaden the scope of reported soft tissue material properties and better match reported properties to appropriate human body models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Arnold
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, 428 S Shaw Lane, Rm. 2555 Engineering Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1226, USA
| | - Justin Scott
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, 428 S Shaw Lane, Rm. 2555 Engineering Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1226, USA
| | - Tamara Reid Bush
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, 428 S Shaw Lane, Rm. 2555 Engineering Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1226, USA.
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26
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Halloran JP, Abdollahi Nohouji N, Hafez MA, Besier TF, Chokhandre SK, Elmasry S, Hume DR, Imhauser CW, Rooks NB, Schneider MTY, Schwartz A, Shelburne KB, Zaylor W, Erdemir A. Assessment of reporting practices and reproducibility potential of a cohort of published studies in computational knee biomechanics. J Orthop Res 2023; 41:325-334. [PMID: 35502762 PMCID: PMC9630164 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Reproducible research serves as a pillar of the scientific method and is a foundation for scientific advancement. However, estimates for irreproducibility of preclinical science range from 75% to 90%. The importance of reproducible science has not been assessed in the context of mechanics-based modeling of human joints such as the knee, despite this being an area that has seen dramatic growth. Framed in the context of five experienced teams currently documenting knee modeling procedures, the aim of this study was to evaluate reporting and the perceived potential for reproducibility across studies the teams viewed as important contributions to the literature. A cohort of studies was selected by polling, which resulted in an assessment of nine studies as opposed to a broader analysis across the literature. Using a published checklist for reporting of modeling features, the cohort was evaluated for both "reporting" and their potential to be "reproduced," which was delineated into six major modeling categories and three subcategories. Logistic regression analysis revealed that for individual modeling categories, the proportion of "reported" occurrences ranged from 0.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.23, 0.41] to 0.77, 95% CI: [0.68, 0.86]. The proportion of whether a category was perceived as "reproducible" ranged from 0.22, 95% CI: [0.15, 0.31] to 0.44, 95% CI: [0.35, 0.55]. The relatively low ratios highlight an opportunity to improve reporting and reproducibility of knee modeling studies. Ongoing efforts, including our findings, contribute to a dialogue that facilitates adoption of practices that provide both credibility and translation possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Halloran
- Applied Sciences Laboratory, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA,Corresponding author: Applied Sciences Laboratory, Institute for Shock Physics, 412 E Spokane Falls Blvd, Spokane, WA 99202, Phone: 509-358-7713,
| | - Neda Abdollahi Nohouji
- Center for Human Machine Systems, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OHIO, USA
| | - Mhd Ammar Hafez
- Center for Human Machine Systems, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA,Department of Civil Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thor F Besier
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ,Department of Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ
| | - Snehal K Chokhandre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OHIO, USA,Computational Biomodeling (CoBi) Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, USA
| | - Shady Elmasry
- Department of Biomechanics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donald R Hume
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA,Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Carl W Imhauser
- Department of Biomechanics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nynke B Rooks
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ
| | | | - Ariel Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OHIO, USA,Computational Biomodeling (CoBi) Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, USA
| | - Kevin B Shelburne
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA,Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - William Zaylor
- Center for Human Machine Systems, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ahmet Erdemir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OHIO, USA,Computational Biomodeling (CoBi) Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, USA
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27
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Evans LM, Sözümert E, Keenan BE, Wood CE, du Plessis A. A Review of Image-Based Simulation Applications in High-Value Manufacturing. ARCHIVES OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING : STATE OF THE ART REVIEWS 2023; 30:1495-1552. [PMID: 36685137 PMCID: PMC9847465 DOI: 10.1007/s11831-022-09836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Image-Based Simulation (IBSim) is the process by which a digital representation of a real geometry is generated from image data for the purpose of performing a simulation with greater accuracy than with idealised Computer Aided Design (CAD) based simulations. Whilst IBSim originates in the biomedical field, the wider adoption of imaging for non-destructive testing and evaluation (NDT/NDE) within the High-Value Manufacturing (HVM) sector has allowed wider use of IBSim in recent years. IBSim is invaluable in scenarios where there exists a non-negligible variation between the 'as designed' and 'as manufactured' state of parts. It has also been used for characterisation of geometries too complex to accurately draw with CAD. IBSim simulations are unique to the geometry being imaged, therefore it is possible to perform part-specific virtual testing within batches of manufactured parts. This novel review presents the applications of IBSim within HVM, whereby HVM is the value provided by a manufactured part (or conversely the potential cost should the part fail) rather than the actual cost of manufacturing the part itself. Examples include fibre and aggregate composite materials, additive manufacturing, foams, and interface bonding such as welding. This review is divided into the following sections: Material Characterisation; Characterisation of Manufacturing Techniques; Impact of Deviations from Idealised Design Geometry on Product Design and Performance; Customisation and Personalisation of Products; IBSim in Biomimicry. Finally, conclusions are drawn, and observations made on future trends based on the current state of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Llion Marc Evans
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN UK
- United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 3DB UK
| | - Emrah Sözümert
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN UK
| | - Bethany E. Keenan
- Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA UK
| | - Charles E. Wood
- School of Mechanical & Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3DJ UK
| | - Anton du Plessis
- Object Research Systems, Montreal, H3B 1A7 Canada
- Research Group 3DInnovation, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602 South Africa
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Shum JM, Gadomski BC, Tredinnick SJ, Fok W, Fernandez J, Nelson B, Palmer RH, McGilvray KC, Hooper GJ, Puttlitz C, Easley J, Woodfield TBF. Enhanced bone formation in locally-optimised, low-stiffness additive manufactured titanium implants: An in silico and in vivo tibial advancement study. Acta Biomater 2023; 156:202-213. [PMID: 35413478 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA), used to treat lameness in the canine stifle, provides a framework to investigate implant performance within an uneven loading environment due to the dominating patellar tendon. The purpose of this study was to reassess how we design orthopaedic implants in a load-bearing model to investigate potential for improved osseointegration capacity of fully-scaffolded mechanically-matched additive manufactured (AM) implants. While the mechanobiological nature of bone is well known, we have identified a lower limit in the literature where investigation into exceedingly soft scaffolds relative to trabecular bone ceases due to the trade-off in mechanical strength. We developed a finite element model of the sheep stifle to assess the stresses and strains of homogeneous and locally-optimised TTA implant designs. Using additive manufacturing, we printed three different low-stiffness Ti-6Al-4 V TTA implants: 0.8 GPa (Ti1), 0.6 GPa (Ti2) and an optimised design with a 0.3 GPa cortex and 0.1 GPa centre (Ti3), for implantation in a 12-week in vivo ovine pilot study. Static histomorphometry demonstrated uniform bone ingrowth in optimised low-modulus Ti3 samples compared to homogeneous designs (Ti1 and Ti2), and greater bone-implant contact. Mineralising surfaces were apparent in all implants, though mineral apposition rate was only consistent throughout Ti3. The greatest bone formation scores were seen in Ti3, followed by Ti2 and Ti1. Results from our study suggest lower stiffnesses and higher strain ranges improve early bone formation, and that by accounting for loading environments through rational design, implants can be optimised to improve uniform osseointegration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The effect of different strain ranges on bone healing has been traditionally investigated and characterised through computational models, with much of the literature suggesting higher strain ranges being favourable. However, little has been done to incorporate strain-optimisation into porous orthopaedic implants due to the trade-off in mechanical strength required to induce these microenvironments. In this study, we used finite element analysis to optimise the design of additive manufactured (AM) titanium orthopaedic implants for different strain ranges, using a clinically-relevant surgical model. Our research suggests that there is potential for locally-optimised AM scaffolds in the use of orthopaedic devices to induce higher strains, which in turn encourages de novo bone formation and uniform osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine M Shum
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin C Gadomski
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Seamus J Tredinnick
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Wilson Fok
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin Fernandez
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bradley Nelson
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Ross H Palmer
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Kirk C McGilvray
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Gary J Hooper
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Christian Puttlitz
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Jeremiah Easley
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Tim B F Woodfield
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre for Bioengineering & Nanomedicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Chokhandre S, Schwartz A, Klonowski E, Landis B, Erdemir A. Open Knee(s): A Free and Open Source Library of Specimen-Specific Models and Related Digital Assets for Finite Element Analysis of the Knee Joint. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:10-23. [PMID: 36104640 PMCID: PMC9832097 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-03074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the use of virtual representations of the knee for musculoskeletal research and clinical decision making, and to generate digital evidence for design and regulation of implants. Accessibility to previously developed models and related digital assets can dramatically reduce barriers to entry to conduct simulation-based studies of the knee joint and therefore help accelerate scientific discovery and clinical innovations. Development of models for finite element analysis is a demanding process that is both time consuming and resource intensive. It necessitates expertise to transform raw data to reliable virtual representations. Modeling and simulation workflow has many processes such as image segmentation, surface geometry generation, mesh generation and finally, creation of a finite element representation with relevant loading and boundary conditions. The outcome of the workflow is not only the end-point knee model but also many other digital by-products. When all of these data, derivate assets, and tools are freely and openly accessible, researchers can bypass some or all the steps required to build models and focus on using them to address their research goals. With provenance to specimen-specific anatomical and mechanical data and traceability of digital assets throughout the whole lifecycle of the model, reproducibility and credibility of the modeling practice can be established. The objective of this study is to disseminate Open Knee(s), a cohort of eight knee models (and relevant digital assets) for finite element analysis, that are based on comprehensive specimen-specific imaging data. In addition, the models and by-products of modeling workflows are described along with model development strategies and tools. Passive flexion served as a test simulation case, demonstrating an end-user application. Potential roadmaps for reuse of Open Knee(s) are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Chokhandre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ariel Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ellen Klonowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin Landis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ahmet Erdemir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Shams SF, Mehdizadeh A, Movahedi MM, Paydar S, Haghpanah SA. The comparison of stress and strain between custom-designed bone plates (CDBP) and locking compression plate (LCP) for distal femur fracture. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY & TRAUMATOLOGY : ORTHOPEDIE TRAUMATOLOGIE 2023; 33:191-197. [PMID: 35001211 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-021-03160-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distal femur fracture is considered one of the most common fractures due to high-energy traumas such as car accidents or low-energy traumas such as osteoporosis. Locking plates are orthopedic implants used for stabilized femur fracture. Thus, designing a bone plate fitted exactly with the patient's bone and correctly fixing bone segments are required for better fracture healing. OBJECTIVES This study aims to design a bone plate based on anthropometric characteristics of patients' femurs and compare performing custom-designed bone plates (CDBP) with the locking compression plate (LCP) by finite element method. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this analytical study, a 3D model of four patients' femur and CDBP were firstly designed in MIMICS 19.0 based on the patient's femur anatomy. After designing the bone plate, the CDBPs and LCP were fixed on the bone and analyzed by finite element method (FEM) in ANSYS, and stress and strain of bone plates were also compared. RESULTS The maximum principal stress for all 3D models of patients' fracture femur by CDBPs was stabilized better than LCP with a decrease by 39.79, 12.54, 9.49, and 20.29% in 4 models, respectively. Also, in all models, the strain of CDBPs is less than LCP. Among the different thicknesses considered, the bone plate with 5 mm thickness showed better stress and strain distribution than other thicknesses. CONCLUSION Customized bone plate designed based on patient's femur anatomical morphology shows better bone-matching plate, resulting in increasing the quality of the fracture healing and fails to any need for additional shaping. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Design and analysis of an implant were investigated in this study. There was no intervention in the diagnosis and treatment of patients and the study was not a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Fatemeh Shams
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Mehdizadeh
- Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Movahedi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahram Paydar
- Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Arash Haghpanah
- Department of Solid Mechanics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Effect of screw tunnels on proximal femur strength after screw removal: A finite element analysis. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2022; 108:103408. [PMID: 36116705 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2022.103408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of screw tunnels in the femoral neck is a problem for patients with proximal femoral fractures after removal of internal fixation. The question of how much does the existence of the screw tunnels affect the strength of the femur and whether the patient needs to be protected with an adjunctive device has been controversial. The objective of this finite element analysis was to determine (1) whether the screw tunnels affects normal weight bearing after removal of internal fixation of a proximal femur fracture, (2) which screw tunnels parameters affect the weight bearing capacity of the entire femur. HYPOTHESIS The presence of the screw tunnels reduces the load-bearing capacity of the femur, and the arrangement, diameter and wall thickness of the screw tunnels affect the load-bearing capacity of the femur. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty patients who underwent surgical treatment for proximal femur fracture at our hospital were included in the study. Computed tomography (CT) values of the screw tunnel wall in the femur after removal of internal fixations were analysed. Mimics v16.0 and Hypermesh v13.0 software programs were used to generate 3-dimensional (3D) tetrahedral finite element models of the proximal femur with different screw tunnel numbers, diameters, thicknesses, and arrangements. An acetabulum exerting a vertical pressure load of 600N on the femoral head was simulated and the force on various parts of the femur in each model was calculated. RESULTS There was no difference in the Hounsfield Units of the tunnel walls and cortical bone of the proximal femur (893.48±61.28 vs. 926.34±58.43; p=0.091). In each of the 3D models, the cancellous bone was the first structure to reach maximal stress. The compressive strength of the femur decreased with increasing thickness of the screw tunnel wall and decreased with increasing tunnel diameter. The femoral neck model with the inverted triangle screw tunnel arrangement had the highest compressive strength. DISCUSSION The femoral neck with screw tunnels can withstand day-to-day stress without special intervention. For femoral neck fractures fixed with cannulated screws, inverted triangle screws are recommended; For a single screw tunnel in the femoral neck, the larger the diameter of the femoral neck internal screw channel, the weaker the load-bearing capacity of the femur. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III; well-designed computational non-experimental study.
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Cooperman C, Wiznia D, Kunsel K, Roytman G, Ani L, Pratola D, Lee GC, Tommasini S, Bernstein J. Personalizing Revision Tibial Baseplate Position and Stem Trajectory With Custom Implants Using 3D Modeling to Optimize Press-fit Stem Placement. Arthroplast Today 2022; 18:45-51. [PMID: 36267389 PMCID: PMC9576531 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A common tibial construct for revision total knee arthroplasty includes a long diaphyseal engaging press-fit stem. Due to tibial canal bowing, compromises are often necessary to match patient anatomy when choosing stemmed implants. The objective of this study is to determine through 3-D modeling whether current implant press-fit options appropriately fit patient anatomy, or whether an alternative angle between the stem and baseplate could increase the cortical engagement of long press-fit tibial stems. Methods Preoperative computerized tomography scans from 100 patients undergoing TKA were imported into an image-processing software program. Three-dimensional models were created with tibial stems placed at a fixed perpendicular angle and a custom angle to the revision tibial baseplate. Stem diameter, depth, offset, and contact surface area were measured and analyzed between the 2 groups. Results Significantly more cortical contact, larger stem diameter, and smaller offset of the custom keel from the center of the baseplate were associated with free custom tibial stem placement vs a fixed perpendicular baseplate-stem interface (P < .001). Statistically significant differences were also found between different patient demographics. Conclusions Custom free-angle stem placement allows for increased stem diameter and cortical contact of press-fit tibial stems compared to existing constructs that must interface with the baseplate at a 90-degree angle. Current revision tibia implants limit fixation of tibial press-fit stems and often mismatch with patient anatomy. Alternative ways to fit patient anatomy may be beneficial for patients with extreme mismatch. In the future, custom keel angles may help to resolve this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Cooperman
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Corresponding author. Yale University, 900 Chapel Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. Tel.: +1 508 596 4868.
| | - Daniel Wiznia
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Lidia Ani
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE BIOMECHANICAL EFFICIENCY OF THE ANTERIOR PLATE COMBINED WITH TWO SPONGIOUS SCREWS FOR ANKLE ARTHRODESIS. TRAUMATOLOGY AND ORTHOPEDICS OF RUSSIA 2022. [DOI: 10.17816/2311-2905-1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Актуальность. Несмотря на существующее значительное количество разнообразных методик, применяемых для артродеза голеностопного сустава, ряд авторов указывают на определенные технические сложности указанных операций, потерю коррекции заданного положения таранной и большеберцовой костей в процессе анкилозирования, несращения. Проблема совершенствования методики фиксации при артродезе голеностопного сустава требует новых решений. Цель провести сравнительный биомеханический анализ стабильности фиксации при артродезе голеностопного сустава тремя спонгиозными винтами и разработанной пластиной, комбинируемой с двумя спонгиозными винтами, методом конечных элементов. Материалы и методы. Методом конечных элементов выполнена оценка биомеханических характеристик трех вариантов систем фиксации голеностопного сустава при артродезе: три спонгиозных винта, разработанная пластина, комбинируемая с двумя спонгиозными винтами, проксимальный винт в пластине кортикальный, а также разработанная пластина, комбинируемая с двумя спонгиозными винтами, проксимальный винт в пластине с угловой стабильностью. Изучены напряжения и деформации при приложении различных видов нагрузок. Результаты. В модели фиксации голеностопного сустава передней пластиной, комбинируемой с двумя спонгиозными винтами и проксимальным кортикальным винтом, имплантаты и таранная кость испытывали наименьшие напряжения по сравнению с двумя другими моделями. Так, максимальное эквивалентное напряжение в имплантатах при втором варианте составило 68-124 МПа, при первом варианте 92-147 МПа, при третьем 130-331 МПа. Эквивалентное напряжение в таранной кости во втором варианте фиксации составило от 20 до 46 МПа, в первом и третьем вариантах 28-58 МПа и 47-65 МПа, соответственно. Показатели максимального контактного давления на границе большеберцовой и таранной костей оказались наибольшими в первом варианте по сравнению с двумя другими моделями (34 МПа, 31 МПа и 31 МПа соответственно).
Заключение. Среди изученных систем фиксации голеностопного сустава для артродеза, применение передней пластины, комбинируемой с двумя спонгиозными винтами и проксимальным кортикальным винтом, является наиболее предпочтительным с точки зрения биомеханики.
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Lahoud P, Jacobs R, Boisse P, EzEldeen M, Ducret M, Richert R. Precision medicine using patient-specific modelling: state of the art and perspectives in dental practice. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5117-5128. [PMID: 35687196 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04572-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The dental practice has largely evolved in the last 50 years following a better understanding of the biomechanical behaviour of teeth and its supporting structures, as well as developments in the fields of imaging and biomaterials. However, many patients still encounter treatment failures; this is related to the complex nature of evaluating the biomechanical aspects of each clinical situation due to the numerous patient-specific parameters, such as occlusion and root anatomy. In parallel, the advent of cone beam computed tomography enabled researchers in the field of odontology as well as clinicians to gather and model patient data with sufficient accuracy using image processing and finite element technologies. These developments gave rise to a new precision medicine concept that proposes to individually assess anatomical and biomechanical characteristics and adapt treatment options accordingly. While this approach is already applied in maxillofacial surgery, its implementation in dentistry is still restricted. However, recent advancements in artificial intelligence make it possible to automate several parts of the laborious modelling task, bringing such user-assisted decision-support tools closer to both clinicians and researchers. Therefore, the present narrative review aimed to present and discuss the current literature investigating patient-specific modelling in dentistry, its state-of-the-art applications, and research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lahoud
- OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Periodontology and Oral Microbiology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philippe Boisse
- Laboratoire de Mécanique Des Contacts Et Structures, UMR 5259, CNRS/INSA, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mostafa EzEldeen
- OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Paediatric Dentistry and Special Dental Care, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maxime Ducret
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, PAM d'Odontologie, Lyon, France.,Faculty of Odontology, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire Et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR5305 CNRS/UCBL, Lyon, France
| | - Raphael Richert
- Laboratoire de Mécanique Des Contacts Et Structures, UMR 5259, CNRS/INSA, Villeurbanne, France. .,Hospices Civils de Lyon, PAM d'Odontologie, Lyon, France. .,Faculty of Odontology, Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France.
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Catchlove W, Liao S, Lim G, Brown W, Burton P. Mechanism of Staple Line Leak After Sleeve Gastrectomy via Isobaric Pressurisation Concentrating Stress Forces at the Proximal Staple Line. Obes Surg 2022; 32:2525-2536. [PMID: 35639242 PMCID: PMC9273565 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Staple line leak following sleeve gastrectomy is a significant problem and has been hypothesised to be related to hyperpressurisation in the proximal stomach. There is, however, little objective evidence demonstrating how these forces could be transmitted to the luminal wall. We aimed to define conditions in the proximal stomach and simulate the transmission of stress forces in the post-operative stomach using a finite element analysis (FEA). Materials and Methods The manometry of fourteen patients post sleeve gastrectomy was compared to ten controls. Manometry, boundary conditions, and volumetric CT were integrated to develop six models. These models delineated luminal wall stress in the proximal stomach. Key features were then varied to establish the influence of each factor. Results The sleeve gastrectomy cohort had a significantly higher peak intragastric isobaric pressures 31.58 ± 2.1 vs. 13.49 ± 1.3 mmHg (p = 0.0002). Regions of stress were clustered at the staple line near the GOJ, and peak stress was observed there in 67% of models. A uniform greater curvature did not fail or concentrate stress under maximal pressurisation. Geometric variation demonstrated that a larger triangulated apex increased stress by 17% (255 kPa versus 218 kPa), with a 37% increase at the GOJ (203kPA versus 148kPA). A wider incisura reduced stress at the GOJ by 9.9% (128 kPa versus 142 kPa). Conclusion High pressure events can occur in the proximal stomach after sleeve gastrectomy. Simulations suggest that these events preferentially concentrate stress forces near the GOJ. This study simulates how high-pressure events could translate stress to the luminal wall and precipitate leak. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- William Catchlove
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Health Centre, Level 6, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.
- Oesophago-Gastric and Bariatric Surgery Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Sam Liao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gillian Lim
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Health Centre, Level 6, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
- Oesophago-Gastric and Bariatric Surgery Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wendy Brown
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Health Centre, Level 6, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
- Oesophago-Gastric and Bariatric Surgery Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Burton
- Department of Surgery, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Health Centre, Level 6, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
- Oesophago-Gastric and Bariatric Surgery Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Lowen GB, Garrett KA, Moore-Lotridge SN, Uppuganti S, Guelcher SA, Schoenecker JG, Nyman JS. Effect of Intramedullary Nailing Patterns on Interfragmentary Strain in a Mouse Femur Fracture: A Parametric Finite Element Analysis. J Biomech Eng 2022; 144:051007. [PMID: 34802060 PMCID: PMC8822464 DOI: 10.1115/1.4053085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Delayed long bone fracture healing and nonunion continue to be a significant socioeconomic burden. While mechanical stimulation is known to be an important determinant of the bone repair process, understanding how the magnitude, mode, and commencement of interfragmentary strain (IFS) affect fracture healing can guide new therapeutic strategies to prevent delayed healing or nonunion. Mouse models provide a means to investigate the molecular and cellular aspects of fracture repair, yet there is only one commercially available, clinically-relevant, locking intramedullary nail (IMN) currently available for studying long bone fractures in rodents. Having access to alternative IMNs would allow a variety of mechanical environments at the fracture site to be evaluated, and the purpose of this proof-of-concept finite element analysis study is to identify which IMN design parameters have the largest impact on IFS in a murine transverse femoral osteotomy model. Using the dimensions of the clinically relevant IMN as a guide, the nail material, distance between interlocking screws, and clearance between the nail and endosteal surface were varied between simulations. Of these parameters, changing the nail material from stainless steel (SS) to polyetheretherketone (PEEK) had the largest impact on IFS. Reducing the distance between the proximal and distal interlocking screws substantially affected IFS only when nail modulus was low. Therefore, IMNs with low modulus (e.g., PEEK) can be used alongside commercially available SS nails to investigate the effect of initial IFS or stability on fracture healing with respect to different biological conditions of repair in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory B. Lowen
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 2201 West End Ave, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Katherine A. Garrett
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1215 21 Ave. S., Suite 4200, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Stephanie N. Moore-Lotridge
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1215 21 Ave. S., Suite 4200, Nashville, TN 37232;Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, 1211 Medical Center Dr., Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Sasidhar Uppuganti
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1215 21 Ave. S., Suite 4200, Nashville, TN 37232;Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, 1211 Medical Center Dr., Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Scott A. Guelcher
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 2201 West End Ave, Nashville, TN 37235; Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37232; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, 1211 Medical Center Dr., Nashville, TN 37212; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, 1211 Medical Center Dr, Nashville, TN 37217
| | - Jonathan G. Schoenecker
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Pharmacology, 465 21 Ave South, 7124 Medical Research Building III, Nashville, TN 37232; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, 1211 Medical Center Dr., Nashville, TN 37212; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, 1161 21 Ave S C-3322 Medical Center North, Nashville, TN 37232; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, 2200 Children's Way, Suite 2404, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Jeffry S. Nyman
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37232; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1215 21 Ave. S., Suite 4200, Nashville, TN 37232; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, 1211 Medical Center Dr., Nashville, TN 37212; Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, 1310 24 Ave. S, Nashville, TN 37212
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Mathur VP, Atif M, Duggal I, Tewari N, Duggal R, Chawla A. Reporting guidelines for in-silico studies using finite element analysis in medicine (RIFEM). COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 216:106675. [PMID: 35152164 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To the best of our knowledge, there are no reporting guidelines for design, conduct and reporting of Finite Element studies in health sciences. We intend to propose specific and detailed guidelines for reporting these studies. METHOD After recognizing the need to have uniform guidelines for reporting of finite element analysis in medicine and dentistry, a group of 5 researchers working on FEA as their research area met in the summer of 2020 and drafted the methodology for the development of such guidelines. Each researcher individually made a list of major headings required for reporting these studies and met again in September 2020 to finalize the domains. Subsequently, sub headings and details were charted. The draft list of items for reporting the guidelines were presented to a larger team of 15 experts and some changes were further made based on their inputs. RESULTS The guidelines entail seven major domains and their sub-domains, including parameters for model structure, segmentation, mesh structure, force application and model validation, etc. This checklist aims to improvise the reporting and consistency of FEA studies. CONCLUSION We hope that the usage and adoption of these guidelines by the scientific community would result in more thoughtful and uniform documentation. Also, the confidence in the results would be enhanced through model reproducibility, reusability and accountability. The proposed guidelines were named as 'Reporting of in-silico studies using finite element analysis in medicine' and the term 'RIFEM' was used as acronym.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Prakash Mathur
- Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 6th Floor, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Mohammad Atif
- Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 6th Floor, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Isha Duggal
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Nitesh Tewari
- Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 6th Floor, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ritu Duggal
- Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Anoop Chawla
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
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AKINCI SALIHAZEYNEB, ARSLAN YUNUSZIYA. FINITE ELEMENT SPINE MODELS AND SPINAL INSTRUMENTS: A REVIEW. J MECH MED BIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519422300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable biomechanics literature on finite element modeling and analysis of the spine. To accurately mimic the biomechanical behavior of the vertebral column, a generated computational model has to include anatomical structures that are consistent with physiological reality. In this review article, we focused on the finite element spine models that have been developed by various approaches in the literature. Firstly, the anatomical features of the spine and the spinal components have been briefly explained. We then focused on the modeling stages of vertebrae, ligaments, facet joints, intervertebral discs, and spinal instruments. With this paper, we expect to provide a comprehensive resource regarding the modeling preferences used in spine modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- SALIHA ZEYNEB AKINCI
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, 34810 Beykoz, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - YUNUS ZIYA ARSLAN
- Department of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Institute of Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering, Turkish-German University, Beykoz, Istanbul 34820, Turkey
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Finite element analysis of stress distribution in autotransplanted molars. J Dent 2022; 119:104082. [PMID: 35247471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The biomechanical response of an autotransplanted tooth and surrounding bone to occlusal loads is not well-known. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of root form and occlusal morphology on stress distribution in autotransplanted teeth and surrounding bone by using finite element analysis (FEA). METHODS Seven FEA models representing different autotransplanted tooth situations were generated: (a) first molar, (b) third molar, (c) root canal-treated third molar, (d) root canal-treated, ankylosed, third molar, (e) crowned third molar, (f) crowned and root canal-treated third molar, (g) root canal-treated, ankylosed, and crowned third molar. Load (200 N) was applied on the occlusal surface, parallel to the long axis of the tooth. Maximum von Mises stress values on dentin and surrounding bone were calculated for each situation. RESULTS Differences in stress distribution were observed among models. In ankylosed model, stress was primarily observed at the coronal region of the tooth. The stress was observed more at the coronal region of the tooth in crowned models compared with the non-crowned models. The stress distribution was homogeneous with root canal-treated and crowned autotransplanted tooth. CONCLUSIONS The occlusal morphology and root form of the autotransplanted tooth affected the stress in surrounding bone at the transfer site and the biomechanical response of the tooth. The stress was more homogeneous in crowned tooth and primarily observed at the coronal region, which may decrease the risk for root resorption. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Root configuration, occlusal form and root canal treatment induce significant changes on the stress distribution on teeth and bone, including characteristic stress concentration and increased stress values. Clinicians can consider crowning autotransplanted teeth for improved stress distribution within the tooth structure.
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Liao H, Chen L, Liu M, Chen J. Sealing mechanism study of laryngeal mask airways via 3D modelling and finite element analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2887. [PMID: 35190622 PMCID: PMC8861007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06908-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper sealing of laryngeal mask airways (LMAs) is critical for airway management in clinical use. Understanding the sealing mechanism can significantly help front-line anaesthetists to reduce the incidence of adverse events. However, anaesthetists, who may not have the most substantial engineering backgrounds, lack intuitive ways to develop an understanding of the LMA sealing mechanism effectively. The paper aims to study the LMA-pharynx sealing mechanisms from the perspective of front-line anaesthetists. We use a computer-aided 3D modelling technique to visualise the LMA—pharynx interactions, which helps anaesthetists identify the critical areas of complications. Furthermore, we conduct a quantitative pressure distribution analysis of the LMA-pharynx contacting surface using the finite element analysis technique, which helps further understand the sealing mechanics in those areas. We present two cases studies based on one male volunteer, aged 50, inserted with a ProSeal LMA. In the first case, a relatively low cuff pressure (CP) was applied to simulate the clinical circumstances in which complications related to air leakage are most likely to happen; in the second case, we increase the CP to a relatively high value to simulate the scenarios with an increased risk of complications related to high mucosal pressure. The experiments suggest the follows: (1) Sore throat complications related to high mucosal pressure is most likely to occur in the hypopharynx with a high CP setting, particularly in the areas where the cricoid cartilage presses the mucosa. (2) The narrow hyoid bone super horn width likely causes LMA insertion difficulties. (3) Insufficient CP will significantly increase the risk of air leakage in the oropharynx. A complete sealing pressure line in the contacting surface will be formed with sufficient CP, thereby preventing the air leakage into the oral.
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Zupancic Cepic L, Frank M, Reisinger A, Pahr D, Zechner W, Schedle A. Biomechanical finite element analysis of short-implant-supported, 3-unit, fixed CAD/CAM prostheses in the posterior mandible. Int J Implant Dent 2022; 8:8. [PMID: 35147791 PMCID: PMC8837704 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-022-00404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the biomechanical effects of different prosthetic/implant configurations and load directions on 3-unit fixed prostheses supported by short dental implants in the posterior mandible using validated 3-D finite element (FE) models.
Methods Models represented an atrophic mandible, missing the 2nd premolar, 1st and 2nd molars, and rehabilitated with either two short implants (implant length-IL = 8 mm and 4 mm) supporting a 3-unit dental bridge or three short implants (IL = 8 mm, 6 mm and 4 mm) supporting zirconia prosthesis in splinted or single crowns design. Load simulations were performed in ABAQUS (Dassault Systèmes, France) under axial and oblique (30°) force of 100 N to assess the global stiffness and forces within the implant prosthesis. Local stresses within implant/prosthesis system and strain energy density (SED) within surrounding bone were determined and compared between configurations. Results The global stiffness was around 1.5 times higher in splinted configurations vs. single crowns, whereby off-axis loading lead to a decrease of 39%. Splinted prostheses exhibited a better stress distribution than single crowns. Local stresses were larger and distributed over a larger area under oblique loads compared to axial load direction. The forces on each implant in the 2-implant-splinted configurations increased by 25% compared to splinted crowns on 3 implants. Loading of un-splinted configurations resulted in increased local SED magnitude. Conclusion Splinting of adjacent short implants in posterior mandible by the prosthetic restoration has a profound effect on the magnitude and distribution of the local stress peaks in peri-implant regions. Replacing each missing tooth with an implant is recommended, whenever bone supply and costs permit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Zupancic Cepic
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Frank
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Reisinger
- Division Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Dieter Pahr
- Division Biomechanics, Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Werner Zechner
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schedle
- Competence Centre Dental Materials, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Zupancic Cepic L, Frank M, Reisinger AG, Sagl B, Pahr DH, Zechner W, Schedle A. Experimental validation of a micro-CT finite element model of a human cadaveric mandible rehabilitated with short-implant-supported partial dentures. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 126:105033. [PMID: 34933158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.105033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to address the predictive value of a micro-computed tomography (μCT)-based finite element (μFE) model of a human cadaveric edentulous posterior mandible, rehabilitated by short dental implants. Hereby, three different prosthetic/implant configurations of fixed partial dentures ("Sp"-3 splinted crowns on 3 implants, "Br" - Bridge: 3 splinted crowns on 2 implants, and "Si"- 3 single crowns) were analysed by comparing the computational predictions of the global stiffness with experimental data. METHODS Experimental displacement of the bone/implant/prosthesis system was measured under axial and oblique loads of 100 N using an optical deformation system (GOM Aramis) and the overall movement of the testing machine (Zwick Z030). Together with the measured machine force, an "Aramis" (optical markers) and "Zwick" (test machine) stiffness were calculated. FE models were created based on μCT-scans of the cadaveric mandible sample (n = 1) before and after implantation and using stl-files of the crowns. The same load tests and boundary conditions were simulated on the models and the μFE-results were compared to experimental data using linear regression analysis. RESULTS The regression line through a plot of pooled stiffness values (N/mm) for the optical displacement recording (true local displacement) and the test machine (machine compliance included) had a slope of 0.57 and a correlation coefficient R2 of 0.82. The average pooled correlation of global stiffness between the experiment and FE-analysis (FEA) showed a R2 of 0.80, but the FEA-stiffness was 7.2 times higher. The factor was highly dependent on the test configuration. Sp-configuration showed the largest stiffness followed by Br-configuration (17% difference in experiment and 21% in FEA). CONCLUSIONS The current study showed good qualitative agreement between the experimental and predicted global stiffness of different short implant configurations. It could be deduced that 1:1 splinting of the short implants by the crowns is most favorable for the stiffness of the implant/prosthesis system. However, in the clinical context, the absolute in silico readings must be interpreted cautiously, as the FEA showed a considerable overestimation of the values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Zupancic Cepic
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Frank
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU Wien, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas G Reisinger
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU Wien, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Department of Anatomy und Biomechanics, Division Biomechanics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Benedikt Sagl
- Center of Clinical Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter H Pahr
- Department of Anatomy und Biomechanics, Division Biomechanics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500, Krems, Austria.
| | - Werner Zechner
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Schedle
- Competence Center for Dental Materials, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Mathai B, Dhara S, Gupta S. Bone remodelling in implanted proximal femur using topology optimization and parameterized cellular model. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 125:104903. [PMID: 34717117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The clinical relevance of bone remodelling predictions calls for accurate finite element (FE) modelling of implant-bone structure and musculoskeletal loading conditions. However, simplifications in muscle loading, material properties, has often been used in FE simulations. Bone adaptation induces changes in bone apparent density and its microstructure. Multiscale simulations, involving optimization methods and biomimetic microstructural models, have proven to be promising for predicting changes in bone morphology. The objective of the study is to develop a novel computational framework to predict bone remodelling around an uncemented femoral implant, using multiscale topology optimization and a parameterized cellular model. The efficacy of the scheme was evaluated by comparing the remodelling predictions with those of isotropic strain energy density (SED) and orthotropy based formulations. The characteristic functional groups and low-density regions of Ward's triangle, predicted by the optimization scheme, were comparable to micro-CT images of the proximal femur. Although the optimization scheme predicted well comparable material distribution in the 2D femur models, the obscured material orientations in some planes of the 3D model indicate the need for a more robust modelling of the boundary conditions. Regression analysis revealed a higher correlation (0.6472) between the topology optimization and SED models than the orthotropic predictions (0.4219). Despite higher bone apposition of 10-20% around the distal tip of the implant, the bone density distributions were well comparable to clinical observations towards the proximal femur. The proposed computational scheme appears to be a viable method for including bone anisotropy in the remodelling formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil Mathai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, West Bengal, India
| | - Santanu Dhara
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, West Bengal, India.
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Sichi LGB, Pierre FZ, Arcila LVC, de Andrade GS, Tribst JPM, Ausiello P, di Lauro AE, Borges ALS. Effect of Biologically Oriented Preparation Technique on the Stress Concentration of Endodontically Treated Upper Central Incisor Restored with Zirconia Crown: 3D-FEA. Molecules 2021; 26:6113. [PMID: 34684695 PMCID: PMC8538003 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of biologically oriented preparation technique on the stress concentration of endodontically treated upper central incisors restored with zirconia crown (yttria-stabilized zirconia polycrystalline ceramic) through finite element analysis (FEA). Four models of maxillary central incisors containing enamel, dentin, periodontal ligament, cortical and medullary bone were created in CAD. Each model received a polymeric core-build up with nanofilled dental resin composite. The evaluated models were SM-preparation in shoulder 90°; CM-chamfer preparation; BOPT-biologically oriented preparation technique and BOPTB-BOPT preparation 1 mm below the cement-enamel junction. All models received zirconia crowns (5Y-TZP), fiberglass post and 1 mm ferrule. The models were imported into the analysis software with parameters for mechanical structural testing using the maximum principal stress and the tensile strength as the analysis criteria. Then, load of 150 N was applied at the cingulum with 45° slope to the long axis of the tooth, with the fixed base for each model. The type of marginal preparation affected the stresses concentration in endodontically treated teeth and in the zirconia crown margin. Considering the stress magnitude only, BOPT is a viable option for anterior monolithic zirconia crowns; however, with the highest stress magnitude at the restoration margin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Giovanni Bernardo Sichi
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Zapater Pierre
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Laura Viviana Calvache Arcila
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pietro Ausiello
- School of Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Alexandre Luiz Souto Borges
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos 12245-000, Brazil
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Phan PK, Vo ATN, Bakhtiarydavijani A, Burch R, Smith B, Ball JE, Chander H, Knight A, Prabhu RK. In Silico Finite Element Analysis of the Foot Ankle Complex Biomechanics: A Literature Review. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:090802. [PMID: 33764401 DOI: 10.1115/1.4050667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Computational approaches, especially finite element analysis (FEA), have been rapidly growing in both academia and industry during the last few decades. FEA serves as a powerful and efficient approach for simulating real-life experiments, including industrial product development, machine design, and biomedical research, particularly in biomechanics and biomaterials. Accordingly, FEA has been a "go-to" high biofidelic software tool to simulate and quantify the biomechanics of the foot-ankle complex, as well as to predict the risk of foot and ankle injuries, which are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries among physically active individuals. This paper provides a review of the in silico FEA of the foot-ankle complex. First, a brief history of computational modeling methods and finite element (FE) simulations for foot-ankle models is introduced. Second, a general approach to build an FE foot and ankle model is presented, including a detailed procedure to accurately construct, calibrate, verify, and validate an FE model in its appropriate simulation environment. Third, current applications, as well as future improvements of the foot and ankle FE models, especially in the biomedical field, are discussed. Finally, a conclusion is made on the efficiency and development of FEA as a computational approach in investigating the biomechanics of the foot-ankle complex. Overall, this review integrates insightful information for biomedical engineers, medical professionals, and researchers to conduct more accurate research on the foot-ankle FE models in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Phan
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762; Center of Advanced Vehicular System (CAVS), Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762
| | - A T N Vo
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762; Center of Advanced Vehicular System (CAVS), Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762
| | - A Bakhtiarydavijani
- Center of Advanced Vehicular System (CAVS), Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762
| | - R Burch
- Center of Advanced Vehicular System (CAVS), Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762; Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762
| | - B Smith
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762
| | - J E Ball
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762
| | - H Chander
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762
| | - A Knight
- Department of Kinesiology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762
| | - R K Prabhu
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762; Center of Advanced Vehicular System (CAVS), Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762
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Niki Y, Seifzadeh A. Characterization and comparison of hyper-viscoelastic properties of normal and osteoporotic bone using stress-relaxation experiment. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 123:104754. [PMID: 34391015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue behavior under various loads is nonlinear elastic due to irreversible energy absorption. Also, viscoelasticity is one of the most important properties of bone which is very important in dynamic analyses and helps a lot in making artificial bone. In this study, rat tibia bone specimens were subjected to compression stress-relaxation test for normal (n = 5) and osteoporotic (n = 5) groups in order to characterize their mechanical properties using finite element modeling coupled with an optimization algorithm. Using this method, the structural equation parameters for the Neo-Hookean model and the Prony series coefficients were used to describe the hyper-elastic and the viscoelastic behavior of specimens, respectively; moreover, the properties of materials including the bulk, shear and Young's moduli for both groups were obtained and compared. The shear modulus was also gained as a function of time. In addition, the percentage of stress reduction and its relation to the initial stress were investigated for specimens. Finally, the effect of changes in each of the parameters of the hyper-viscoelastic structural equation on the force response was determined. Results of this study can be used in predicting the transient response and dynamic analysis of the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Niki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Alireza Seifzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Isfahan, Iran.
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Budde K, Smith J, Wilsdorf P, Haack F, Uhrmacher AM. Relating simulation studies by provenance-Developing a family of Wnt signaling models. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009227. [PMID: 34351901 PMCID: PMC8407594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
For many biological systems, a variety of simulation models exist. A new simulation model is rarely developed from scratch, but rather revises and extends an existing one. A key challenge, however, is to decide which model might be an appropriate starting point for a particular problem and why. To answer this question, we need to identify entities and activities that contributed to the development of a simulation model. Therefore, we exploit the provenance data model, PROV-DM, of the World Wide Web Consortium and, building on previous work, continue developing a PROV ontology for simulation studies. Based on a case study of 19 Wnt/β-catenin signaling models, we identify crucial entities and activities as well as useful metadata to both capture the provenance information from individual simulation studies and relate these forming a family of models. The approach is implemented in WebProv, a web application for inserting and querying provenance information. Our specialization of PROV-DM contains the entities Research Question, Assumption, Requirement, Qualitative Model, Simulation Model, Simulation Experiment, Simulation Data, and Wet-lab Data as well as activities referring to building, calibrating, validating, and analyzing a simulation model. We show that most Wnt simulation models are connected to other Wnt models by using (parts of) these models. However, the overlap, especially regarding the Wet-lab Data used for calibration or validation of the models is small. Making these aspects of developing a model explicit and queryable is an important step for assessing and reusing simulation models more effectively. Exposing this information helps to integrate a new simulation model within a family of existing ones and may lead to the development of more robust and valid simulation models. We hope that our approach becomes part of a standardization effort and that modelers adopt the benefits of provenance when considering or creating simulation models. We revise a provenance ontology for simulation studies of cellular biochemical models. Provenance information is useful for understanding the creation of a simulation model because it not only contains information about the entities and activities that have led to a simulation model but also their relations, all of which can be visualized. It provides additional structure by explicitly recording research questions, assumptions, and requirements and relating them along with data, qualitative models, simulation models, and simulation experiments through a small set of predefined but extensible activities. We have applied our concept to a family of 19 Wnt signaling models and implemented a web-based tool (WebProv) to store the provenance information from these studies. The resulting provenance graph visualizes the story line of simulation studies and demonstrates the creation and calibration of simulation models, the successive attempts of validation and extension, and shows, beyond an individual simulation study, how the Wnt models are related. Thereby, the steps and sources that contributed to a simulation model are made explicit. Our approach complements other approaches aimed at facilitating the reuse and assessment of simulation products in systems biology such as model repositories as well as annotation and documentation guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Budde
- Institute for Visual and Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jacob Smith
- Faculty of Computer Science, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
| | - Pia Wilsdorf
- Institute for Visual and Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Fiete Haack
- Institute for Visual and Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Adelinde M. Uhrmacher
- Institute for Visual and Analytic Computing, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Mirulla AI, Bragonzoni L, Zaffagnini S, Ingrassia T, Zinno R, Innocenti B. Assessment of paradoxical anterior translation in a CR total knee prosthesis coupling dynamic RSA and FE techniques. J Exp Orthop 2021; 8:50. [PMID: 34245384 PMCID: PMC8272767 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-021-00361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The study aims were to assess the kinematic data, Internal-External (IE) rotation, and Antero-Posterior (AP) translation of the contact points between the femoral condyles and polyethylene insert and to develop a combined dynamic RSA-FE (Radiostereometric – Finite Element) model that gives results congruent with the literature. Methods A cohort of 15 patients who underwent cemented cruciate-retaining highly congruent mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty were analyzed during a sit-to-stand motor task. The kinematical data from Dynamic RSA were used as input for a patient-specific FE model to calculate condylar contact points between the femoral component and polyethylene insert. Results The femoral component showed an overall range about 4 mm of AP translation during the whole motor task, and the majority of the movement was after 40° of flexion. Concerning the IE rotation, the femoral component started from an externally rotate position (− 6.7 ± 10°) at 80° of flexion and performed an internal rotation during the entire motor task. The overall range of the IE rotation was 8.2°. Conclusions During the sit to stand, a slight anterior translation from 40° to 0° of flexion of the femoral component with respect to polyethylene insert, which could represent a paradoxical anterior translation. Despite a paradoxical anterior femoral translation was detected, the implants were found to be stable. Dynamic RSA and FE combined technique could provide information about prosthetic component’s stress and strain distribution and the influence of the different designs during the movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Igor Mirulla
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciencies, Università di Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Laura Bragonzoni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Stefano Zaffagnini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciencies, Università di Bologna, Bologna, BO, Italy.,2nd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Zinno
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy.
| | - Bernardo Innocenti
- BEAMS Department (Bio Electro and Mechanical Systems), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
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Rooks NB, Schneider MTY, Erdemir A, Halloran JP, Laz PJ, Shelburne KB, Hume DR, Imhauser CW, Zaylor W, Elmasry S, Schwartz A, Chokhandre SK, Abdollahi Nohouji N, Besier TF. Deciphering the "Art" in Modeling and Simulation of the Knee Joint: Variations in Model Development. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:061002. [PMID: 33537727 PMCID: PMC8086182 DOI: 10.1115/1.4050028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The use of computational modeling to investigate knee joint biomechanics has increased exponentially over the last few decades. Developing computational models is a creative process where decisions have to be made, subject to the modelers' knowledge and previous experiences, resulting in the "art" of modeling. The long-term goal of the KneeHub project is to understand the influence of subjective decisions on the final outcomes and the reproducibility of computational knee joint models. In this paper, we report on the model development phase of this project, investigating model development decisions and deviations from initial modeling plans. Five teams developed computational knee joint models from the same dataset, and we compared each teams' initial uncalibrated models and their model development workflows. Variations in the software tools and modeling approaches were found, resulting in differences such as the representation of the anatomical knee joint structures in the model. The teams consistently defined the boundary conditions and used the same anatomical coordinate system convention. However, deviations in the anatomical landmarks used to define the coordinate systems were present, resulting in a large spread in the kinematic outputs of the uncalibrated models. The reported differences and similarities in model development and simulation presented here illustrate the importance of the "art" of modeling and how subjective decision-making can lead to variation in model outputs. All teams deviated from their initial modeling plans, indicating that model development is a flexible process and difficult to plan in advance, even for experienced teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nynke B. Rooks
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Level 6/70 Symonds Street, Grafton, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Marco T. Y. Schneider
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Level 6/70 Symonds Street, Grafton, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Ahmet Erdemir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Computational Biomodeling (CoBi) Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue (ND20), Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Jason P. Halloran
- Applied Sciences Laboratory, Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, 1455 E. College Avenue, Spokane, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Peter J. Laz
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver, 2155 E. Wesley Avenue, Denver, CO 80210
| | - Kevin B. Shelburne
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver, 2155 E. Wesley Avenue, Denver, CO 80210
| | - Donald R. Hume
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Center for Orthopaedic Biomechanics, University of Denver, 2155 E. Wesley Avenue, Denver, CO 80210
| | - Carl W. Imhauser
- Department of Biomechanics, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E. 70th Street, New York, NY 10021
| | - William Zaylor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Human Machine Systems, Cleveland State University, 1960 E 24th Street, Cleveland, OH 44115
| | - Shady Elmasry
- Department of Biomechanics, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 E. 70th Street, New York, NY 10021
| | - Ariel Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Computational Biomodeling (CoBi) Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue (ND20), Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Snehal K. Chokhandre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & Computational Biomodeling (CoBi) Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue (ND20), Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Neda Abdollahi Nohouji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Human Machine Systems, Cleveland State University, 1960 E 24th Street, Cleveland, OH 44115; Department of Biomedical Engineering & Computational Biomodeling (CoBi) Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue (ND20), Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Thor F. Besier
- Department of Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering, Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Level 6/70 Symonds Street, Grafton, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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Jansen MA, Niverty S, Chawla N, Franz NM. Reducing the risk of rostral bending failure in Curculio Linnaeus, 1758. Acta Biomater 2021; 126:350-371. [PMID: 33753315 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
With over 300 species worldwide, the genus Curculio Linnaeus, 1758 is a widespread, morphologically diverse lineage of weevils that mainly parasitize nuts. Females use the rostrum, an elongate cuticular extension of the head, to excavate oviposition sites. This process causes extreme bending and deformation of the rostrum, without apparent harm to the structure. The cuticle of the rostral apex exhibits substantial modifications to its composite structure that enhance the elasticity and resiliency of this structure. Here we develop finite element models of the head and rostrum for three Curculio species representing disparate North American clades and rostral morphotypes. The models were subjected to varying apical loads and to prescribed dislocation of the head capsule, with and without representing the cuticular modifications of the rostral apex. We found that the altered layer thicknesses and macrofiber orientation angles of the rostral apex fully explain the observed elasticity of the rostrum. These modifications have a synergistic effect that greatly enhances the flexibility of the rostral apex. Consequently, the cuticle composite profile of the rostral apex substantially mitigates the risk of fracture in dorso-apical flexion. Removing the cuticular modifications, in turn, causes a negative margin of safety for rostral bending, implying strong risk of catastrophic structural failure. The occipital sulci were identified as an important source of biomechanical constraint upon the elasticity of the rostrum, and exhibit the greatest risk of failure within this structure. The apical cuticle profile greatly reduced the maximum stresses and strain energy accumulated in the rostrum, thereby resulting in a positive margin of safety and reducing the risk of fracture. Our findings imply that the primary selective pressure influencing the evolution of the rostral cuticle was most likely negative selection of structural failure caused by bending. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Weevils are among the most diverse and evolutionarily successful animal lineages on Earth. Their success is driven in part by a structure called the rostrum, which gives weevil heads a characteristic "snout-like" appearance. Nut weevils in the genus Curculio use the rostrum to drill holes into developing fruits and nuts, into which they deposit their eggs. During oviposition this exceedingly slender structure is bent into a straightened configuration - in some species up to 90∘ - but does not suffer any damage during this process. Using finite element models of the rostra of three morphologically distinct species, we show that the Curculio rostrum is only able to withstand repeated, extreme bending because of modifications to the composite structure of the cuticle in the rostral apex. These modifications were shown previously to enhance the intrinsic toughness of the cuticle; in this study, we demonstrate that modification of the rostral cuticle also results in more evenly distributed bending stresses, further reducing the risk of fracture. This is the first time that the laminate profile, orthotropic behavior, and functional gradation of the cuticle have been incorporated into a three-dimensional finite element model of an insect cuticular structure. Our models highlight the significance of biomechanical constraint - i.e., avoidance of catastrophic structural failure - on the evolution of insect morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Andrew Jansen
- Institut für Evolutionsbiologie und Zooökologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn 53113, Germany.
| | - Sridhar Niverty
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nikhilesh Chawla
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nico M Franz
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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