1
|
Brown NE, Ellerbe LR, Hollister SJ, Temenoff JS. Development and Characterization of Heparin-Containing Hydrogel/3D-Printed Scaffold Composites for Craniofacial Reconstruction. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:2287-2307. [PMID: 38734845 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Regeneration of cartilage and bone tissues remains challenging in tissue engineering due to their complex structures, and the need for both mechanical support and delivery of biological repair stimuli. Therefore, the goal of this study was to develop a composite scaffold platform for anatomic chondral and osteochondral repair using heparin-based hydrogels to deliver small molecules within 3D-printed porous scaffolds that provide structure, stiffness, and controlled biologic delivery. We designed a mold-injection system to combine hydrolytically degradable hydrogels and 3D-printed scaffolds that could be employed rapidly (< 30 min) in operating room settings (~23 °C). Micro-CT analysis demonstrated the effectiveness of our injection system through homogeneously distributed hydrogel within the pores of the scaffolds. Hydrogels and composite scaffolds exhibited efficient loading (~94%) of a small positively charged heparin-binding molecule (crystal violet) with sustained release over 14 days and showed high viability of encapsulated porcine chondrocytes over 7 days. Compression testing demonstrated nonlinear viscoelastic behavior where tangent stiffness decreased with scaffold porosity (porous scaffold tangent stiffness: 70%: 4.9 MPa, 80%: 1.5 MPa, and 90%: 0.20 MPa) but relaxation was not affected. Lower-porosity scaffolds (70%) showed stiffness similar to lower ranges of trabecular bone (4-8 MPa) while higher-porosity scaffolds (80% and 90%) showed stiffness similar to auricular cartilage (0.16-2 MPa). Ultimately, this rapid composite scaffold fabrication method may be employed in the operating room and utilized to control biologic delivery within load-bearing scaffolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nettie E Brown
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, 313 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Lela R Ellerbe
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, 313 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Scott J Hollister
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, 313 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Johnna S Temenoff
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, 313 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Akman R, Ramaraju H, Moore S, Verga A, Hollister SJ. Manufacture Dependent Differential Biodegradation of 3D Printed Shape Memory Polymers. VIRTUAL AND PHYSICAL PROTOTYPING 2024; 19:e2371504. [PMID: 39131815 PMCID: PMC11308866 DOI: 10.1080/17452759.2024.2371504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
In the field of tissue engineering, 3D printed shape memory polymers (SMPs) are drawing increased interest. Understanding how these 3D printed SMPs degrade is critical for their use in the clinic, as small changes in material properties can significantly change how they behave after in vivo implantation. Degradation of 3D printed acrylated poly(glycerol-dodecanedioate) (APGD) was examined via in vitro hydrolytic, enzymatic, and in vivo subcutaneous implantation assays. Three APGD manufacturing modalities were assessed to determine differences in degradation. Material extrusion samples showed significantly larger mass and volume loss at 2 months, compared to lasercut and vat photopolymerization samples, under both enzymatic and in vivo degradation. Critically, melt transition temperatures of degraded PGD increased over time in vitro, but not in vivo. Histology of tissue surrounding APGD implants showed no significant signs of inflammation compared to controls, providing a promising outlook for use of 3D printed APGD devices in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Akman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Harsha Ramaraju
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Samuel Moore
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Adam Verga
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Scott J Hollister
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Dr. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang D, Feng Z, Zeng J, Wang Q, Zheng Y, Liu X, Jiang H. Low-Temperature Extrusion of Waterborne Polyurethane-Polycaprolactone Composites for Multi-Material Bioprinting of Engineered Elastic Cartilage. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300557. [PMID: 38409648 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
3D bioprinting of elastic cartilage tissues that are mechanically and structurally comparable to their native counterparts, while exhibiting favorable cellular behavior, is an unmet challenge. A practical solution for this problem is the multi-material bioprinting of thermoplastic polymers and cell-laden hydrogels using multiple nozzles. However, the processing of thermoplastic polymers requires high temperatures, which can damage hydrogel-encapsulated cells. In this study, the authors developed waterborne polyurethane (WPU)-polycaprolactone (PCL) composites to allow multi-material co-printing with cell-laden gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels. These composites can be extruded at low temperatures (50-60 °C) and high speeds, thereby reducing heat/shear damage to the printed hydrogel-capsulated cells. Furthermore, their hydrophilic nature improved the cell behavior in vitro. More importantly, the bioprinted structures exhibited good stiffness and viscoelasticity compared to native elastic cartilage. In summary, this study demonstrated low-temperature multi-material bioprinting of WPU-PCL-based constructs with good mechanical properties, degradation time-frames, and cell viability, showcasing their potential in elastic cartilage bio-fabrication and regeneration to serve broad biomedical applications in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100144, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxuan Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jinshi Zeng
- Plastic Surgery Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100144, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100144, P. R. China
| | - Yudong Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xia Liu
- Plastic Surgery Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100144, P. R. China
| | - Haiyue Jiang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100144, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Boos MA, Lamandé SR, Stok KS. Multiscale Strain Transfer in Cartilage. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:795522. [PMID: 35186920 PMCID: PMC8855033 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.795522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transfer of stress and strain signals between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cells is crucial for biochemical and biomechanical cues that are required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation, growth, and homeostasis. In cartilage tissue, the heterogeneity in spatial variation of ECM molecules leads to a depth-dependent non-uniform strain transfer and alters the magnitude of forces sensed by cells in articular and fibrocartilage, influencing chondrocyte metabolism and biochemical response. It is not fully established how these nonuniform forces ultimately influence cartilage health, maintenance, and integrity. To comprehend tissue remodelling in health and disease, it is fundamental to investigate how these forces, the ECM, and cells interrelate. However, not much is known about the relationship between applied mechanical stimulus and resulting spatial variations in magnitude and sense of mechanical stimuli within the chondrocyte’s microenvironment. Investigating multiscale strain transfer and hierarchical structure-function relationships in cartilage is key to unravelling how cells receive signals and how they are transformed into biosynthetic responses. Therefore, this article first reviews different cartilage types and chondrocyte mechanosensing. Following this, multiscale strain transfer through cartilage tissue and the involvement of individual ECM components are discussed. Finally, insights to further understand multiscale strain transfer in cartilage are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela A. Boos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shireen R. Lamandé
- Musculoskeletal Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathryn S. Stok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Kathryn S. Stok,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shi B, Huang H. Computational technology for nasal cartilage-related clinical research and application. Int J Oral Sci 2020; 12:21. [PMID: 32719336 PMCID: PMC7385163 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-00089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgeons need to understand the effects of the nasal cartilage on facial morphology, the function of both soft tissues and hard tissues and nasal function when performing nasal surgery. In nasal cartilage-related surgery, the main goals for clinical research should include clarification of surgical goals, rationalization of surgical methods, precision and personalization of surgical design and preparation and improved convenience of doctor-patient communication. Computational technology has become an effective way to achieve these goals. Advances in three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology will promote nasal cartilage-related applications, including research on computational modelling technology, computational simulation technology, virtual surgery planning and 3D printing technology. These technologies are destined to revolutionize nasal surgery further. In this review, we summarize the advantages, latest findings and application progress of various computational technologies used in clinical nasal cartilage-related work and research. The application prospects of each technique are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanyao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|