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Young ES, Butler JD, Molesworth-Kenyon SJ, Kenyon WJ. Biofilm-Mediated Fragmentation and Degradation of Microcrystalline Cellulose by Cellulomonas flavigena KU (ATCC 53703). Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:200. [PMID: 37129770 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03309-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cellulomonas flavigena KU (ATCC 53703) produces an extracellular matrix involved in the degradation of microcrystalline cellulose. This extracellular material is primarily composed of the gel-forming, β-1,3-glucan known as curdlan and associated, cellulose-degrading enzymes. In this study, the effects of various forms of nutrient limitation on cellulose attachment, cellular aggregation, curdlan production, and biofilm formation were investigated throughout a 7-day incubation period by using phase-contrast microscopy. Compared to cultures grown in non-limiting media, nitrogen-limitation promoted early attachment of C. flavigena KU cells to the cellulose surface, and cellulose attachment was congruent with cellular aggregation and curdlan production. Over the course of the experiment, microcolonies of attached cells grew into curdlan-producing biofilms on the cellulose. By contrast, bacterial cells grown on cellulose in non-limiting media remained unattached and unaggregated throughout most of the incubation period. By 7 days of incubation, bacterial aggregation was ninefold greater in N-limited cultures compared to nutritionally complete cultures. In a similar way, phosphorus- and vitamin-limitation (i.e., yeast extract-limitation) also resulted in early cellulose attachment and biofilm formation. Furthermore, nutrient limitation promoted more rapid and efficient fragmentation and degradation of cellulose, with cellulose fragments in low-N media averaging half the size of those in high-N media after 7 days. Two modes of cellulose degradation are proposed for C. flavigena KU, a "planktonic mode" and a "biofilm mode". Similar observations have been reported for other curdlan-producing cellulomonads, and these differing cellulose degradation strategies may ultimately prove to reflect sequential stages of a multifaceted biofilm cycle important in the bioconversion of this abundant and renewable natural resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma S Young
- Biology Program, Department of Natural Sciences, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA, 30118, USA
| | - John D Butler
- Biology Program, Department of Natural Sciences, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA, 30118, USA
| | - Sara J Molesworth-Kenyon
- Biology Program, Department of Natural Sciences, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA, 30118, USA
| | - William J Kenyon
- Biology Program, Department of Natural Sciences, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA, 30118, USA.
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2
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Goswami K, DekaBoruah HP, Saikia R. Production of cellulase by Novosphingobium sp. Cm1 and its potential application in lignocellulosic waste hydrolysis. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:724-735. [PMID: 34730478 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1989698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Management of lignocellulosic wastes in and around the municipality area requires special consideration. Continuous deposition of these wastes to the nearby areas led to gradual deterioration of the environment. The objective of this study was to produce cellulase from the bacteria isolated from the unexplored rainforest of NE-India for lignocellulosic waste hydrolysis. Based on carboxymethyl cellulose utilization and the congo red test, Novosphingobium sp. Cm1 was found to be the most promising strain out of 114 bacterial isolates and the strain was selected for further study. The optimization of the fermentative conditions for maximum enzyme activity was carried out using one factor-at-a-time strategy and the optimum pH, temperature and incubation time was recorded as pH 5, 37 °C and 96 h respectively. The maximum β-1,4-endoglucanase activity was observed with 1.5% CMC (5.1 ± 0.05 U/mL) and 0.25% yeast extract (7.6 ± 0.72 U/mL). The bacterial waste hydrolysis ability was investigated using three wastes where vegetable waste showed maximum activity of 3.4 ± 0.48 U/mL. Bacterial interaction and waste utilization were verified using Scanning Electron Microscope and Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The present study confirmed the promising ability of Novosphingobium sp. to waste hydrolysis. Further investigations may lead to new possibilities for low-cost enzyme production that will help to meet the rising cellulase demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongkana Goswami
- Biological Science & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hari Prasanna DekaBoruah
- Biological Science & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, India.,Govt. Model College, Kaziranga, Golaghat, Assam, India
| | - Ratul Saikia
- Biological Science & Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (CSIR-NEIST), Jorhat, Assam, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Draft genome sequence data of Paenbacillus curdlanolyticus B-6 possessing a unique xylanolytic-cellulolytic multienzyme system. Data Brief 2020; 32:106213. [PMID: 32923539 PMCID: PMC7476223 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus B-6 is a facultative anaerobic bacterium that efficiently produces a lignocellulolytic multienzyme complex. The whole genome of P. curdlanolyticus B-6 was sequenced on an Ion GeneStudio S5 system, which yielded 74 contigs with a total size of 4,875,097 bp, 4,473 protein-coding sequences, and a G+C content of 49.7%. The genome data have been deposited in DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under accession numbers BLWM01000001–BLWM01000074. Analyses of average nucleotide identities and phylogenetic relationships of 16S rRNA sequences of Paenibacillus species revealed that strain B-6 is most closely related to Paenibacillus xylaniclasticus TW1. P. curdlanolyticus B-6 should thus be reclassified as a strain of P. xylaniclasticus.
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4
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Lee FH, Wan SY, Foo HL, Loh TC, Mohamad R, Abdul Rahim R, Idrus Z. Comparative Study of Extracellular Proteolytic, Cellulolytic, and Hemicellulolytic Enzyme Activities and Biotransformation of Palm Kernel Cake Biomass by Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Malaysian Foods. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4979. [PMID: 31600952 PMCID: PMC6834149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20204979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biotransformation via solid state fermentation (SSF) mediated by microorganisms is a promising approach to produce useful products from agricultural biomass. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that are commonly found in fermented foods have been shown to exhibit extracellular proteolytic, β-glucosidase, β-mannosidase, and β-mannanase activities. Therefore, extracellular proteolytic, cellulolytic, and hemicellulolytic enzyme activities of seven Lactobacillus plantarum strains (a prominent species of LAB) isolated from Malaysian foods were compared in this study. The biotransformation of palm kernel cake (PKC) biomass mediated by selected L. plantarum strains was subsequently conducted. The results obtained in this study exhibited the studied L. plantarum strains produced versatile multi extracellular hydrolytic enzyme activities that were active from acidic to alkaline pH conditions. The highest total score of extracellular hydrolytic enzyme activities were recorded by L. plantarum RI11, L. plantarum RG11, and L. plantarum RG14. Therefore, they were selected for the subsequent biotransformation of PKC biomass via SSF. The hydrolytic enzyme activities of treated PKC extract were compared for each sampling interval. The scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed the formation of extracellular matrices around L. plantarum strains attached to the surface of PKC biomass during SSF, inferring that the investigated L. plantarum strains have the capability to grow on PKC biomass and perform synergistic secretions of various extracellular proteolytic, cellulolytic, and hemicellulolytic enzymes that were essential for the effective biodegradation of PKC. The substantial growth of selected L. plamtraum strains on PKC during SSF revealed the promising application of selected L. plantarum strains as a biotransformation agent for cellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Haw Lee
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Suet Ying Wan
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Rosfarizan Mohamad
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Raha Abdul Rahim
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Zulkifli Idrus
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, Malaysia.
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5
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Dash PK, Bhattacharyya P, Shahid M, Roy PS, Padhy SR, Swain CK, Kumar U, Kumar A, Gautam P, Lal B, Panneerselvam P, Nayak AK. Structural diversity and efficacy of culturable cellulose decomposing bacteria isolated from rice-pulse resource conservation practices. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:963-978. [PMID: 31410860 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201900275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of cellulolytic bacteria from the rice-pulse system can be sourced for identification of efficient cellulose decomposing microbial strains. In the present study, the abundance, structural diversity, and cellulolytic potential of the culturable bacterial community were studied in 5-year old rice-pulse system under different resource conservation technologies. Higher cellulose (68% more) and xylanase (35% more) activities were observed under zero tilled soil. The populations of cellulolytic bacteria were significantly higher (44%) in zero tillage (ZT) treatment than those of conventional practice. Results revealed that the cellulolytic bacterial diversity was found to be significantly higher under ZT practice, but the present population may not be sufficient for effective recycling of organic wastes in this system. Out of 290 bacterial isolates, 20 isolates had significantly higher cellulolytic activities, of which the top three superior isolates were received from ZT practice. The cellulolytic bacterial diversity based on 16S rDNA sequencing data revealed that the Firmicutes was the most dominant phyla and the Bacillus spp. were the common genus, the observation also showed that there were 17 different haplotypes were recorded among 20 isolates of cellulolytic bacteria. The present findings indicated that long-term ZT in the rice-pulse system could be a unique source for efficient cellulose decomposing bacteria and further the efficient bacterial strains isolated from this system can be used as efficient bioinoculants for in situ as well as ex-situ decomposition of rice straw particularly in conservation agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Dash
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Pratap Bhattacharyya
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Pritesh Sunder Roy
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Soumya Ranjan Padhy
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Chinmaya Kumar Swain
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Upendra Kumar
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Anjani Kumar
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Priyanka Gautam
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Banawari Lal
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | | | - Amaresh Kumar Nayak
- Division of Crop Production, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
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6
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Isolation of a Cellulolytic Bacterium from the Lonar Soda Lake and Genomic Analysis of it. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.11.2.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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7
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Mahmoudi N, Beaupré SR, Steen AD, Pearson A. Sequential bioavailability of sedimentary organic matter to heterotrophic bacteria. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:2629-2644. [PMID: 28371310 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic sediments harbour diverse microbial communities that mediate organic matter degradation and influence biogeochemical cycles. The pool of bioavailable carbon continuously changes as a result of abiotic processes and microbial activity. It remains unclear how microbial communities respond to heterogeneous organic matrices and how this ultimately affects heterotrophic respiration. To explore the relationships between the degradation of mixed carbon substrates and microbial activity, we incubated batches of organic-rich sediments in a novel bioreactor (IsoCaRB) that permitted continuous observations of CO2 production rates, as well as sequential sampling of isotopic signatures (δ13 C, Δ14 C), microbial community structure and diversity, and extracellular enzyme activity. Our results indicated that lower molecular weight (MW), labile, phytoplankton-derived compounds were degraded first, followed by petroleum-derived exogenous pollutants, and finally by higher MW polymeric plant material. This shift in utilization coincided with a community succession and increased extracellular enzyme activities. Thus, sequential utilization of different carbon pools induced changes at both the community and cellular level, shifting community composition, enzyme activity, respiration rates, and residual organic matter reactivity. Our results provide novel insight into the accessibility of sedimentary organic matter and demonstrate how bioavailability of natural organic substrates may affect the function and composition of heterotrophic bacterial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagissa Mahmoudi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Steven R Beaupré
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5000, USA
| | - Andrew D Steen
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Ann Pearson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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8
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Frank YA, Kadnikov VV, Lukina AP, Banks D, Beletsky AV, Mardanov AV, Sen'kina EI, Avakyan MR, Karnachuk OV, Ravin NV. Characterization and Genome Analysis of the First Facultatively Alkaliphilic Thermodesulfovibrio Isolated from the Deep Terrestrial Subsurface. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2000. [PMID: 28066337 PMCID: PMC5165239 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Thermodesulfovibrio belong to the Nitrospirae phylum and all isolates characterized to date are neutrophiles. They have been isolated from terrestrial hot springs and thermophilic methanogenic anaerobic sludges. Their molecular signatures have, however, also been detected in deep subsurface. The purpose of this study was to characterize and analyze the genome of a newly isolated, facultatively alkaliphilic Thermodesulfovibrio from a 2 km deep aquifer system in Western Siberia, Russia. The new isolate, designated N1, grows optimally at pH 8.5 and at 65°C. It is able to reduce sulfate, thiosulfate or sulfite with a limited range of electron donors, such as formate, pyruvate, and lactate. Analysis of the 1.93 Mb draft genome of strain N1 revealed that it contains a set of genes for dissimilatory sulfate reduction, including sulfate adenyltransferase, adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate reductase AprAB, membrane-bound electron transfer complex QmoABC, dissimilatory sulfite reductase DsrABC, and sulfite reductase-associated electron transfer complex DsrMKJOP. Hydrogen turnover is enabled by soluble cytoplasmic, membrane-linked, and soluble periplasmic hydrogenases. The use of thiosulfate as an electron acceptor is enabled by a membrane-linked molybdopterin oxidoreductase. The N1 requirement for organic carbon sources corresponds to the lack of the autotrophic C1-fixation pathways. Comparative analysis of the genomes of Thermodesulfovibrio (T. yellowstonii, T. islandicus, T. àggregans, T. thiophilus, and strain N1) revealed a low overall genetic diversity and several adaptive traits. Consistent with an alkaliphilic lifestyle, a multisubunit Na+/H+ antiporter of the Mnh family is encoded in the Thermodesulfovibrio strain N1 genome. Nitrogenase genes were found in T. yellowstonii, T. aggregans, and T. islandicus, nitrate reductase in T. islandicus, and cellulose synthetase in T. aggregans and strain N1. Overall, our results provide genomic insights into metabolism of the Thermodesulfovibrio lineage in microbial communities of the deep subsurface biosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A Frank
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tomsk State University Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vitaly V Kadnikov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia P Lukina
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tomsk State University Tomsk, Russia
| | - David Banks
- Systems, Power and Energy, School of Engineering, Glasgow UniversityGlasgow, UK; Holymoor Consultancy Ltd.Chesterfield, UK
| | - Alexey V Beletsky
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Mardanov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena I Sen'kina
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tomsk State University Tomsk, Russia
| | - Marat R Avakyan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tomsk State University Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga V Karnachuk
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tomsk State University Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nikolai V Ravin
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russia
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9
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Manfredi AP, Pisa JH, Valdeón DH, Perotti NI, Martínez MA. Synergistic Effect of Simple Sugars and Carboxymethyl Cellulose on the Production of a Cellulolytic Cocktail from Bacillus sp. AR03 and Enzyme Activity Characterization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:16-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1976-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Phitsuwan P, Ratanakhanokchai K. The recovery and bioproperties of a xylanolytic multi-enzyme complex from Tepidimicrobium xylanilyticum BT14. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Manfredi AP, Perotti NI, Martínez MA. Cellulose degrading bacteria isolated from industrial samples and the gut of native insects from Northwest of Argentina. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 55:1384-93. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana P. Manfredi
- PROIMI Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; CONICET; Tucumán Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología; Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Tucumán Argentina
| | - Nora I. Perotti
- PROIMI Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; CONICET; Tucumán Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología; Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Tucumán Argentina
| | - María A. Martínez
- PROIMI Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; CONICET; Tucumán Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología; Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Tucumán Argentina
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12
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Pinheiro GL, Correa RF, Cunha RS, Cardoso AM, Chaia C, Clementino MM, Garcia ES, de Souza W, Frasés S. Isolation of aerobic cultivable cellulolytic bacteria from different regions of the gastrointestinal tract of giant land snail Achatina fulica. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:860. [PMID: 26347735 PMCID: PMC4542579 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose by cellulases is one of the major limiting steps in the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to yield bioethanol. To overcome this hindrance, significant efforts are underway to identify novel cellulases. The snail Achatina fulica is a gastropod with high cellulolytic activity, mainly due to the abundance of glycoside hydrolases produced by both the animal and its resident microbiota. In this study, we partially assessed the cellulolytic aerobic bacterial diversity inside the gastrointestinal tract of A. fulica by culture-dependent methods and evaluated the hydrolytic repertoire of the isolates. Forty bacterial isolates were recovered from distinct segments of the snail gut and identified to the genus level by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Additional phenotypic characterization was performed using biochemical tests provided by the Vitek2 identification system. The overall enzymatic repertoire of the isolated strains was investigated by enzymatic plate assays, containing the following substrates: powdered sugarcane bagasse, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG), p-nitrophenyl-β-D-cellobioside (pNPC), 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (MUG), 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-cellobioside (MUC), and 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-xylopyranoside (MUX). Our results indicate that the snail A. fulica is an attractive source of cultivable bacteria that showed to be valuable resources for the production of different types of biomass-degrading enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme L Pinheiro
- Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada às Ciências da Vida, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel F Correa
- Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada às Ciências da Vida, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel S Cunha
- Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada às Ciências da Vida, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexander M Cardoso
- Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada às Ciências da Vida, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Centro Universitário Estadual da Zona Oeste, Unidade Universitária de Biologia Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Catia Chaia
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto Nacional de Controle da Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maysa M Clementino
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto Nacional de Controle da Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eloi S Garcia
- Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada às Ciências da Vida, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada às Ciências da Vida, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Susana Frasés
- Diretoria de Metrologia Aplicada às Ciências da Vida, Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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13
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Zhang P, Wang B, Xiao Q, Wu S. A kinetics modeling study on the inhibition of glucose on cellulosome of Clostridium thermocellum. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 190:36-43. [PMID: 25919935 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A simplified kinetics model was built to study the inhibition of glucose on cellulosome of Clostridium thermocellum. Suitable reaction conditions were adopted to evaluate the model. The model was evaluated at different temperatures and further with various activated carbon additions as adsorbent for glucose. Investigation results revealed that the model could describe the hydrolysis kinetics of cellulose by cellulosome quite well. Glucose was found to be an inhibitor for cellulosome based on the kinetics analysis. Inhibition increased with the increase in temperature. Activated carbon as adsorbent could lower the inhibition. Parameters in the model were further discussed based on the experiment. The model might also be used to describe the strong inhibition of cellobiose on cellulosome. Saccharification of cellulose by both cellulosome and C. thermocellum could be enhanced efficiently by activated carbon addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, PR China
| | - Buyun Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, PR China.
| | - Qunfang Xiao
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, PR China
| | - Shan Wu
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, PR China
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Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus B-6 xylanase Xyn10C capable of producing a doubly arabinose-substituted xylose, α-l-Araf-(1→2)-[α-l-Araf-(1→3)]-d-Xylp, from rye arabinoxylan. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 72:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Isolation, screening, and identification of cellulolytic bacteria from natural reserves in the subtropical region of China and optimization of cellulase production by Paenibacillus terrae ME27-1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:512497. [PMID: 25050355 PMCID: PMC4090499 DOI: 10.1155/2014/512497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
From different natural reserves in the subtropical region of China, a total of 245 aerobic bacterial strains were isolated on agar plates containing sugarcane bagasse pulp as the sole carbon source. Of the 245 strains, 22 showed hydrolyzing zones on agar plates containing carboxymethyl cellulose after Congo-red staining. Molecular identification showed that the 22 strains belonged to 10 different genera, with the Burkholderia genus exhibiting the highest strain diversity and accounting for 36.36% of all the 22 strains. Three isolates among the 22 strains showed higher carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity, and isolate ME27-1 exhibited the highest CMCase activity in liquid culture. The strain ME27-1 was identified as Paenibacillus terrae on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as well as physiological and biochemical properties. The optimum pH and temperature for CMCase activity produced by the strain ME27-1 were 5.5 and 50°C, respectively, and the enzyme was stable at a wide pH range of 5.0–9.5. A 12-fold improvement in the CMCase activity (2.08 U/mL) of ME27-1 was obtained under optimal conditions for CMCase production. Thus, this study provided further information about the diversity of cellulose-degrading bacteria in the subtropical region of China and found P. terrae ME27-1 to be highly cellulolytic.
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Biodegradation of palm kernel cake by cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacterial cultures through solid state fermentation. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:729852. [PMID: 25019097 PMCID: PMC4082864 DOI: 10.1155/2014/729852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Four cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacterial cultures were purchased from the Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Culture (DSMZ) and the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Two experiments were conducted; the objective of the first experiment was to determine the optimum time period required for solid state fermentation (SSF) of palm kernel cake (PKC), whereas the objective of the second experiment was to investigate the effect of combinations of these cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacteria on the nutritive quality of the PKC. In the first experiment, the SSF was lasted for 12 days with inoculum size of 10% (v/w) on different PKC to moisture ratios. In the second experiment, fifteen combinations were created among the four microbes with one untreated PKC as a control. The SSF lasted for 9 days, and the samples were autoclaved, dried, and analyzed for proximate analysis. Results showed that bacterial cultures produced high enzymes activities at the 4th day of SSF, whereas their abilities to produce enzymes tended to be decreased to reach zero at the 8th day of SSF. Findings in the second experiment showed that hemicellulose and cellulose was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased, whereas the amount of reducing sugars were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the fermented PKC (FPKC) compared with untreated PKC.
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Xu CJ, Cao GL, Zhao L, Wang AJ, Chen LN, Ren NQ. A dual-chamber reactor to assess the saccharification capability of the cellulytic microflora from straw waste. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46948d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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18
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Eichorst SA, Varanasi P, Stavila V, Zemla M, Auer M, Singh S, Simmons BA, Singer SW. Community dynamics of cellulose-adapted thermophilic bacterial consortia. Environ Microbiol 2013; 15:2573-87. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vatalie Stavila
- Biological and Materials Sciences Center; Sandia National Laboratories; Livermore; CA; 94551; USA
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Present and potential applications of cellulases in agriculture, biotechnology, and bioenergy. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2012; 58:163-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-012-0184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Sakka M, Tachino S, Katsuzaki H, van Dyk JS, Pletschke BI, Kimura T, Sakka K. Characterization of Xyn30A and Axh43A of Bacillus licheniformis SVD1 identified by its genomic analysis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2012; 51:193-9. [PMID: 22883553 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The genome sequence of Bacillus licheniformis SVD1, that produces a cellulolytic and hemi-cellulolytic multienzyme complex, was partially determined, indicating that the glycoside hydrolase system of this strain is highly similar to that of B. licheniformis ATCC14580. All of the fifty-six genes encoding glycoside hydrolases identified in B. licheniformis ATCC14580 were conserved in strain SVD1. In addition, two new genes, xyn30A and axh43A, were identified in the B. licheniformis SVD1 genome. The xyn30A gene was highly similar to Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis 168 xynC encoding for a glucuronoarabinoxylan endo-1,4-β-xylanase. Xyn30A, produced by a recombinant Escherichia coli, had high activity toward 4-O-methyl-D-glucurono-D-xylan but showed definite activity toward oat-spelt xylan and unsubstituted xylooligosaccharides. Recombinant Axh43A, consisting of a family-43 catalytic module of the glycoside hydrolases and a family-6 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM), was an arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolase (α-L-arabinofuranosidase) classified as AXH-m23 and capable of releasing arabinosyl residues, which are linked to the C-2 or C-3 position of singly substituted xylose residues in arabinoxylan or arabinoxylan oligomers. The isolated CBM polypeptide had an affinity for soluble and insoluble xylans and removal of the CBM from Axh43A abolished the catalytic activity of the enzyme, indicating that the CBM plays an essential role in hydrolysis of arabinoxylan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Sakka
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
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Tachaapaikoon C, Kyu KL, Pason P, Ratanakhanockchai K. A novel multienzyme complex from a newly isolated facultative anaerobic bacterium, Paenibacillus sp. TW1. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2012; 63:288-300. [PMID: 22695526 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.63.2012.2.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A multienzyme complex from newly isolated Paenibacillus sp. TW1 was purified from pellet-bound enzyme preparations by elution with 0.25% sucrose and 1.0% triethylamine (TEA), ultrafiltration and Sephacryl S-400 gel filtration chromatography. The purified multienzyme complex showed a single protein band on non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native-PAGE). The high molecular mass of the purified multienzyme complex was approximately 1,950 kDa. The complex consisted of xylanase and cellulase activities as the major and minor enzyme subunits, respectively. The complex appeared as at least 18 protein bands on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and as 15 xylanases and 6 cellulases on zymograms. The purified multienzyme complex contained xylanase, α-L-arabinofuranosidase, carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), avicelase and cellobiohydrolase. The complex could effectively hydrolyze corn hulls, corncobs and sugarcane bagasse. These results indicate that the multienzyme complex that is produced by this bacterium is a large, novel xylanolytic-cellulolytic enzyme complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tachaapaikoon
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand.
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Characterization of Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus B-6 Xyn10D, a xylanase that contains a family 3 carbohydrate-binding module. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:4260-3. [PMID: 21498754 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00226-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus B-6 Xyn10D is a xylanase containing a family 3 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM3). Biochemical analyses using recombinant proteins derived from Xyn10D suggested that the CBM3 polypeptide has an affinity for cellulose and xylan and that CBM3 in Xyn10D is important for hydrolysis of insoluble arabinoxylan and natural biomass.
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Wang W, Wang P, Hu R. A Novel screening method of cellulase-producing bacteria based on Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683811010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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