1
|
Fujita T, Aoki N, Mori C, Homma KJ, Yamaguchi S. Molecular biology of serotonergic systems in avian brains. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1226645. [PMID: 37538316 PMCID: PMC10394247 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1226645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a phylogenetically conserved neurotransmitter and modulator. Neurons utilizing serotonin have been identified in the central nervous systems of all vertebrates. In the central serotonergic system of vertebrate species examined so far, serotonergic neurons have been confirmed to exist in clusters in the brainstem. Although many serotonin-regulated cognitive, behavioral, and emotional functions have been elucidated in mammals, equivalents remain poorly understood in non-mammalian vertebrates. The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge of the anatomical organization and molecular features of the avian central serotonergic system. In addition, selected key functions of serotonin are briefly reviewed. Gene association studies between serotonergic system related genes and behaviors in birds have elucidated that the serotonergic system is involved in the regulation of behavior in birds similar to that observed in mammals. The widespread distribution of serotonergic modulation in the central nervous system and the evolutionary conservation of the serotonergic system provide a strong foundation for understanding and comparing the evolutionary continuity of neural circuits controlling corresponding brain functions within vertebrates. The main focus of this review is the chicken brain, with this type of poultry used as a model bird. The chicken is widely used not only as a model for answering questions in developmental biology and as a model for agriculturally useful breeding, but also in research relating to cognitive, behavioral, and emotional processes. In addition to a wealth of prior research on the projection relationships of avian brain regions, detailed subdivision similarities between avian and mammalian brains have recently been identified. Therefore, identifying the neural circuits modulated by the serotonergic system in avian brains may provide an interesting opportunity for detailed comparative studies of the function of serotonergic systems in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Fujita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Aoki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Mori
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi J. Homma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Yamaguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fujimori C, Umatani C, Chimura M, Ijiri S, Bando H, Hyodo S, Kanda S. In vitro and in vivo gene transfer in the cloudy catshark Scyliorhinus torazame. Dev Growth Differ 2022; 64:558-565. [PMID: 36376176 PMCID: PMC10099843 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cartilaginous fishes have various unique physiological features such as a cartilaginous skeleton and a urea-based osmoregulation strategy for adaptation to their marine environment. Also, because they are a sister group of bony vertebrates, understanding their unique features is important from an evolutionary perspective. However, genetic engineering based on gene functions as well as cellular behavior has not been effectively utilized in cartilaginous fishes. This is partly because their reproductive strategy involves internal fertilization, which results in difficulty in microinjection into fertilized eggs at the early developmental stage. Here, to identify efficient gene transfer methods in cartilaginous fishes, we examined the effects of various methods both in vitro and in vivo using the cloudy catshark, a candidate model cartilaginous fish species. In all methods, green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression was used to evaluate exogenous gene transfer. First, we examined gene transfer into primary cultured cells from cloudy catshark embryos by lipofection, polyethylenimine (PEI) transfection, adenovirus infection, baculovirus infection, and electroporation. Among the methods tested, lipofection, electroporation, and baculovirus infection enabled the successful transfer of exogenous genes into primary cultured cells. We then attempted in vivo transfection into cloudy catshark embryos by electroporation and baculovirus infection. Although baculovirus-injected groups did not show GFP fluorescence, electroporation successfully introduced GFP into muscle cells. Furthermore, we succeeded in GFP transfer into adult tissues by electroporation. The in vitro and in vivo gene transfer methods that worked in this study may open ways for genetic manipulation including knockout experiments and cellular lineage analysis in cartilaginous fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chika Fujimori
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chie Umatani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misaki Chimura
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shigeho Ijiri
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hisanori Bando
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Susumu Hyodo
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinji Kanda
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang C, Zuo Q, Gao X, Hu C, Zhou S, Chen C, Zou Y, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Li B. H3K4me2 Promotes the Activation of lncCPSET1 by Jun in the Chicken PGC Formation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1572. [PMID: 34072197 PMCID: PMC8227976 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primordial germ cells are the ancestors of female and male cells. Current research has shown that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and Histone methylation are the pivotal epigenetic factors in the PGC formation. However, there are few studies on the regulatory mechanism of lncRNA in the formation of PGC. Here, we define the lncRNA highly expressed in chicken PGC, lncCPSET1 (chicken-PGC-specifically-expressed transcript 1) This study found that compared with the interference of lncCPSET1/histone methylase Mll2 alone, the PGC formation was severely inhibited with the interference of lncCPSET1 and histone methylase Mll2 jointly in vivo and in vitro. Studies on the transcription level of lncCPSET1 found that H3K4me2 and transcription factor Jun have a positive effect on the activation of lncCPSET1; while DNA hypomethylation inhibits the expression of lncCPSET1. In terms of mechanism, compared with DNA methylation, H3K4me2 dominates lncCPSET1 activation. H3K4me2 can be enriched in the lncCPSET1 promoter, change its chromosome conformation, recruit the transcription factor Jun, and activate the expression of lncCPSET1. Taken together, we confirmed the model that H3K4me2 rather than DNA hypomethylation mediates Jun to regulate lncCPSET1 transcription, which broadens the study of lncCPSET1 pre-transcriptional mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.G.); (C.H.); (S.Z.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qisheng Zuo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.G.); (C.H.); (S.Z.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaomin Gao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.G.); (C.H.); (S.Z.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Cai Hu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.G.); (C.H.); (S.Z.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shujian Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.G.); (C.H.); (S.Z.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chen Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.G.); (C.H.); (S.Z.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yichen Zou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.G.); (C.H.); (S.Z.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.G.); (C.H.); (S.Z.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yani Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.G.); (C.H.); (S.Z.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Bichun Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (C.Z.); (Q.Z.); (X.G.); (C.H.); (S.Z.); (C.C.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hagihara Y, Okuzaki Y, Matsubayashi K, Kaneoka H, Suzuki T, Iijima S, Nishijima KI. Primordial germ cell-specific expression of eGFP in transgenic chickens. Genesis 2020; 58:e23388. [PMID: 32776392 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PR domain zinc finger protein 14 (PRDM14) plays an essential role in the development of primordial germ cells (PGCs) in mice. However, its functions in avian species remain unclear. In the present study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to edit the PRDM14 locus in chickens in order to demonstrate its importance in development. The eGFP gene was introduced into the PRDM14 locus of cultured chicken PGCs to knockout PRDM14 and label PGCs. Chimeric chickens were established by a direct injection of eGFP knocked-in (gene-trapped) PGCs into the blood vessels of Hamburger-Hamilton stages (HH-stages) 13-16 chicken embryos. Gene-trapped chickens were established by crossing a chimeric chicken with a wild-type hen with very high efficiency. Heterozygous gene-trapped chickens grew normally and SSEA-1-positive cells expressed eGFP during HH-stages 13-30. These results indicated the specific expression of eGFP within circulating PGCs and gonadal PGCs. At the blastodermal stage, the ratio of homozygous gene-trapped embryos obtained by crossing heterozygous gene-trapped roosters and hens was almost normal; however, all embryos died soon afterward, suggesting the important roles of PRDM14 in chicken early development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yota Hagihara
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuya Okuzaki
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuma Matsubayashi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kaneoka
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Laboratory of Avian Bioscience, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Iijima
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nishijima
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Avian Bioscience Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Laboratory of Avian Bioscience, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xie L, Sun J, Mo L, Xu T, Shahzad Q, Chen D, Yang W, Liao Y, Lu Y. HMEJ-mediated efficient site-specific gene integration in chicken cells. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:90. [PMID: 31832093 PMCID: PMC6868705 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of transgenic chicken cells holds great promise for several diverse areas, including developmental biology and biomedical research. To this end, site-specific gene integration has been an attractive strategy for generating transgenic chicken cell lines and has been successfully adopted for inserting desired genes and regulating specific gene expression patterns. However, optimization of this method is essential for improving the efficiency of genome modification in this species. RESULTS Here we compare gene knock-in methods based on homology-independent targeted integration (HITI), homology-directed repair (HDR) and homology mediated end joining (HMEJ) coupled with a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) gene editing system in chicken DF-1 cells and primordial germ cells (PGCs). HMEJ was found to be a robust and efficient method for gene knock-in in chicken PGCs. Using this method, we successfully labeled the germ cell specific gene DAZL and the pluripotency-related gene Pou5f3 in chicken PGCs through the insertion of a fluorescent protein in the frame at the 3' end of the gene, allowing us to track cell migration in the embryonic gonad. HMEJ strategy was also successfully used in Ovalbumin, which accounts for more than 60% of proteins in chicken eggs, suggested its good promise for the mass production of protein with pharmaceutical importance using the chicken oviduct system. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results demonstrate that HMEJ efficiently mediates site-specific gene integration in chicken PGCs, which holds great potential for the biopharmaceutical engineering of chicken cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Juanjuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Lifen Mo
- Guangxi Institute of Animal Science, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Tianpeng Xu
- Guangxi Institute of Animal Science, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Qaisar Shahzad
- Guangxi Institute of Animal Science, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Dongyang Chen
- Guangxi Institute of Animal Science, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Wenhao Yang
- Guangxi Institute of Animal Science, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Yuying Liao
- Guangxi Institute of Animal Science, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Yangqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tsujino K, Okuzaki Y, Hibino N, Kawamura K, Saito S, Ozaki Y, Ishishita S, Kuroiwa A, Iijima S, Matsuda Y, Nishijima K, Suzuki T. Identification of transgene integration site and anatomical properties of fluorescence intensity in a EGFP transgenic chicken line. Dev Growth Differ 2019; 61:393-401. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Tsujino
- Division of Biological Science Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Furo‐cho Nagoya Japan
| | - Yuya Okuzaki
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hibino
- Division of Biological Science Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Furo‐cho Nagoya Japan
| | - Kazuki Kawamura
- Division of Biological Science Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Furo‐cho Nagoya Japan
| | - Seiji Saito
- Division of Biological Science Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Furo‐cho Nagoya Japan
| | - Yumi Ozaki
- Avian Bioscience Research Center Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishishita
- Avian Bioscience Research Center Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuroiwa
- Division of Biological Science Graduate School of Science Nagoya University Furo‐cho Nagoya Japan
| | - Shinji Iijima
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Yoichi Matsuda
- Avian Bioscience Research Center Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Kenichi Nishijima
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- Avian Bioscience Research Center Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bahrami S, Amiri-Yekta A, Daneshipour A, Jazayeri SH, Mozdziak PE, Sanati MH, Gourabi H. Designing A Transgenic Chicken: Applying New Approaches toward A Promising Bioreactor. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 22:133-139. [PMID: 31721526 PMCID: PMC6874784 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Specific developmental characteristics of the chicken make it an attractive model for the generation of transgenic organisms. Chicken possess a strong potential for recombinant protein production and can be used as a powerful bioreactor to produce pharmaceutical and nutritional proteins. Several transgenic chickens have been generated during the last two decades via viral and non-viral transfection. Culturing chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) and their ability for germline transmission ushered in a new stage in this regard. With the advent of CRISPR/Cas9 system, a new phase of studies for manipulating genomes has begun. It is feasible to integrate a desired gene in a predetermined position of the genome using CRISPR/Cas9 system. In this review, we discuss the new approaches and technologies that can be applied to generate a transgenic chicken with regards to recombinant protein productions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salahadin Bahrami
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Amiri-Yekta
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Daneshipour
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Hoda Jazayeri
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Sanati
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.Electronic Address: .,Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Gourabi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang PL, Lei XQ, Xu TS, Shi MY, Song Z, Li ZH, Wei GH, Zhang GP, Li JT. Exploring transgene transfer from the transgenic chicken model to its offspring through a nonviral vector. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162017050156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
9
|
Okuzaki Y, Kidani S, Kaneoka H, Iijima S, Nishijima KI. Characterization of chicken interferon-inducible transmembrane protein-10. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:914-921. [PMID: 28084173 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1274639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-inducible transmembrane protein (IFITM) family proteins are antivirus factors. In the present study, we examined the expression pattern of chicken IFITM10 using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In adult chickens, IFITM10 levels were markedly lower than those of IFITM3, which exhibits antivirus activity. On the other hand, IFITM10 was expressed in levels similar to those of IFITM3 in embryonic organs. Primordial germ cells in 2.5-d embryos expressed high levels of IFITM10, which gradually decreased with time. The interferon-α stimulation of embryonic fibroblast cells did not enhance the expression of IFITM10. The forced expression of IFITM10 slightly inhibited the infectivity of the VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral vector. Furthermore, cell fusion was inhibited by IFITM10 when HeLa cells transfected with the VSV-G expression vector were treated with low pH buffer. Although it remains unclear whether IFITM10 inhibits viral infections under physiological conditions, these results suggest that chicken IFITM10 exhibits antivirus activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Okuzaki
- a Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kidani
- a Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Hidenori Kaneoka
- a Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Shinji Iijima
- a Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nishijima
- a Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) generate new individuals through differentiation, maturation and fertilization. This means that the manipulation of PGCs is directly linked to the manipulation of individuals, making PGCs attractive target cells in the animal biotechnology field. A unique biological property of avian PGCs is that they circulate temporarily in the vasculature during early development, and this allows us to access and manipulate avian germ lines. Following the development of a technique for transplantation, PGCs have become central to avian biotechnology, in contrast to the use of embryo manipulation and subsequent transfer to foster mothers, as in mammalian biotechnology. Today, avian PGC transplantation combined with recent advanced manipulation techniques, including cell purification, cryopreservation, depletion, and long-term culture in vitro, have enabled the establishment of genetically modified poultry lines and ex-situ conservation of poultry genetic resources. This chapter introduces the principles, history, and procedures of producing avian germline chimeras by transplantation of PGCs, and the current status of avian germline modification as well as germplasm cryopreservation. Other fundamental avian reproductive technologies are described, including artificial insemination and embryo culture, and perspectives of industrial applications in agriculture and pharmacy are considered, including poultry productivity improvement, egg modification, disease resistance impairment and poultry gene "pharming" as well as gene banking.
Collapse
|
11
|
Huss D, Lansford R. Fluorescent Quail: A Transgenic Model System for the Dynamic Study of Avian Development. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1650:125-147. [PMID: 28809018 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7216-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Real-time four-dimensional (4D, xyzt) imaging of cultured avian embryos is an ideal method for investigating the complex movements of cells and tissues during early morphogenesis. While methods that transiently label cells, such as electroporation, are highly useful for dynamic imaging, they can also be limiting due to the number and type of cells that can be effectively targeted. In contrast, the heritable, stable, and long-term expression of a fluorescent protein driven by the exogenous promoter of a transgene overcomes these challenges. We have used lentiviral vectors to produce several novel transgenic quail lines that express fluorescent proteins either ubiquitously or in a cell-specific manner. These lines have proven to be useful models for dynamic imaging and analysis. Here, we provide detailed protocols for generating transgenic quail with the emphasis on producing high titer lentivirus , effectively introducing it into the early embryo and efficiently screening for G1 founder birds .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Huss
- Developmental Neuroscience Program, Department of Radiology, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4661 Sunset Boulevard MS #135, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.,Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Rusty Lansford
- Developmental Neuroscience Program, Department of Radiology, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4661 Sunset Boulevard MS #135, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA. .,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abu-Bonsrah KD, Zhang D, Newgreen DF. CRISPR/Cas9 Targets Chicken Embryonic Somatic Cells In Vitro and In Vivo and generates Phenotypic Abnormalities. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34524. [PMID: 27694906 PMCID: PMC5046125 DOI: 10.1038/srep34524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chickens are an invaluable model for studying human diseases, physiology and especially development, but have lagged in genetic applications. With the advent of Programmable Engineered Nucleases, genetic manipulation has become efficient, specific and rapid. Here, we show that the CRISPR/Cas9 system can precisely edit the chicken genome. We generated HIRA, TYRP1, DICER, MBD3, EZH2, and 6 other gene knockouts in two chicken cell lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, with no off-target effects detected. We also showed that very large deletions (>75 kb) could be achieved. We also achieved targeted modification by homology-directed repair (HDR), producing MEN2A and MEN2B mutations of the RET gene. We also targeted DGCR8 in neural cells of the chicken embryo by in vivo electroporation. After FACS isolation of transfected cells, we observed appropriate sequence changes in DGCR8. Wholemount and frozen section antibody labelling showed reduction of DGCR8 levels in transfected cells. In addition, there was reduced expression levels of DGCR8-associated genes DROSHA, YPEL1 and NGN2. We also observed morphological differences in neural tissue and cardiac-related tissues of transfected embryos. These findings demonstrate that precisely targeted genetic manipulation of the genome using the CRISPR/Cas9 system can be extended to the highly adaptable in vivo chicken embryo model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwaku Dad Abu-Bonsrah
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Dongcheng Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Donald F Newgreen
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Boozarpour S, Matin MM, Momeni-Moghaddam M, Dehghani H, Mahdavi-Shahri N, Sisakhtnezhad S, Heirani-Tabasi A, Irfan-Maqsood M, Bahrami AR. Glial cell derived neurotrophic factor induces spermatogonial stem cell marker genes in chicken mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Cell 2016; 48:235-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
14
|
Abstract
The majority of poultry genetic resources are maintained in situ in living populations. However, in situ conservation of poultry genetic resources always carries the risk of loss owing to pathogen outbreaks, genetic problems, breeding cessation, or natural disasters. Cryobanking of germplasm in birds has been limited to the use of semen, preventing conservation of the W chromosome and mitochondrial DNA. A further challenge is posed by the structure of avian eggs, which restricts the cryopreservation of ova and fertilized embryos, a technique widely used for mammalian species. By using a unique biological property and accessibility of avian primordial germ cells (PGCs), precursor cells for gametes, which temporally circulate in the vasculature during early development, an avian PGC transplantation technique has been established. To date, several techniques for PGC manipulation including purification, cryopreservation, depletion, and long-term culture have been developed in chickens. PGC transplantation combined with recent advanced PGC manipulation techniques have enabled ex situ conservation of poultry genetic resources in their complete form. Here, the updated technologies for avian PGC manipulation are introduced, and then the concept of a poultry PGC-bank is proposed by considering the biological properties of avian PGCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Nakamura
- Division of Germ Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kidani S, Okuzaki Y, Kaneoka H, Asai S, Murakami S, Murase Y, Iijima S, Nishijima KI. Expression of interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins in the chicken and possible role in prevention of viral infections. Cytotechnology 2016; 69:477-484. [PMID: 27117301 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-9958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) prevent infections by various enveloped viruses. The expression of IFITMs in chicken was herein examined in the adult and embryonic organs using a quantitative reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The results obtained revealed that IFITM3 was expressed at a higher level than IFITM1, 2 and 5, in both embryonic and adult organs. However, the expression levels of IFITMs in embryonic organs were less than 5 % of those in adult lungs. Among the embryonic tissues examined, primordial germ cells (PGCs) at day 2.5 expressed relatively higher levels of IFITM3. IFITM3 expression levels were 1.5-fold higher in the chicken cell line DF-1 than in PGCs. The knockdown of IFITM3 in DF-1 cells by siRNA increased the infectivity of a vesicular stomatitis virus G protein-pseudotyped lentiviral vector, suggesting that lower levels of IFITM3 are still sufficient to restrict this viral vector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kidani
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuya Okuzaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kaneoka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Seiya Asai
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Seitaro Murakami
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murase
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shinji Iijima
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nishijima
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kidani S, Kaneoka H, Okuzaki Y, Asai S, Kojima Y, Nishijima KI, Iijima S. Analyses of chicken sialyltransferases related to O-glycosylation. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 122:379-84. [PMID: 27150510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The chicken β-galactoside α2,3-sialyltransferase 1, 2, and 5 (ST3Gal1, 2, and 5) genes were cloned, and their enzymes were expressed in 293FT cells. ST3Gal1 and 2 exhibited enzymatic activities toward galactose-β1,3-N-acetylgalactosamine and galactose-β1,3-N-acetylglucosamine. ST3Gal5 only exhibited activity toward lactosylceramide. ST3Gal1 and 2 and previously cloned ST3Gal3 and 6 transferred CMP-sialic acid to asialofetuin. Reverse-transcription-quantitative PCR indicated that ST3Gal1 was expressed at higher levels in the trachea, lung, spleen, and magnum, and the strong expression of ST3Gal5 was observed in the spleen, magnum, and small and large intestines. ST3Gal1, 5, and 6 were also expressed in the tubular gland cells of the magnum, which secretes egg-white proteins. ST3Gal1, 5, and 6 were expressed in the egg chorioallantoic membrane, in which influenza viruses are propagated for the production of vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kidani
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kaneoka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Yuya Okuzaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Seiya Asai
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kojima
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nishijima
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shinji Iijima
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Huss D, Benazeraf B, Wallingford A, Filla M, Yang J, Fraser SE, Lansford R. A transgenic quail model that enables dynamic imaging of amniote embryogenesis. Development 2015; 142:2850-9. [PMID: 26209648 PMCID: PMC4550965 DOI: 10.1242/dev.121392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Embryogenesis is the coordinated assembly of tissues during morphogenesis through changes in individual cell behaviors and collective cell movements. Dynamic imaging, combined with quantitative analysis, is ideal for investigating fundamental questions in developmental biology involving cellular differentiation, growth control and morphogenesis. However, a reliable amniote model system that is amenable to the rigors of extended, high-resolution imaging and cell tracking has been lacking. To address this shortcoming, we produced a novel transgenic quail that ubiquitously expresses nuclear localized monomer cherry fluorescent protein (chFP). We characterize the expression pattern of chFP and provide concrete examples of how Tg(PGK1:H2B-chFP) quail can be used to dynamically image and analyze key morphogenetic events during embryonic stages X to 11.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Huss
- Department of Radiology and Developmental Neuroscience Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Bertrand Benazeraf
- Department of Radiology and Developmental Neuroscience Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS (UMR 7104), Illkirch 67400, France
| | - Allison Wallingford
- Department of Radiology and Developmental Neuroscience Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Michael Filla
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jennifer Yang
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 94720, USA
| | - Scott E Fraser
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rusty Lansford
- Department of Radiology and Developmental Neuroscience Program, Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 94720, USA Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Obtaining chicken primordial germ cells used for gene transfer: in vitro and in vivo results. J Appl Genet 2015; 56:493-504. [PMID: 25737138 PMCID: PMC4617859 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-015-0276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, several attempts have been made to create a generation of transgenic chickens via chimeric intermediates produced by primordial germ cells (PGCs) transfer. This study aimed to compare the influences of different chicken PGCs isolated from circulating blood (bPGCs) or gonads (gPGCs), purification (ACK, Percoll or trypsin) and transfection methods (electroporation or lipofection) on the expression of transgenes in vitro and the migration of modified donor cells to the recipient gonads. The highest average frequency of pEGFP-N1 plasmid-transfected bPGCs (75.8 %) was achieved with Percoll density gradient centrifugation and electroporation. After ammonium chloride-potassium (ACK) treatment and lipofection, in vitro transgene expression was only detected in 35.2 % of bPGCs. Chimeric chickens were produced from these purified, transfected and cultured cells, and the transgene was detected in the gonads of 44 and 42 % of the recipient embryos that had been injected with bPGCs and gPGCs, respectively. These data confirmed that the combination of PGC purification via Percoll centrifugation and electroporation was an effective method for producing transgenic chickens. Subsequently, we used this method with expression vectors for gene hIFNα 2a/hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) under the control of the ovalbumin promoter to generate G0 transgenic chickens. Consequently, we observed that 4.9 % of the hens and 3.5 % of the roosters carried the hIFNα 2a gene, whereas 16.7 % of the hens and 2.4 % of the roosters carried the HBsAg gene, thus undisputedly confirming the exceptional effectiveness of the applied methods.
Collapse
|
19
|
Park TS, Lee HG, Moon JK, Lee HJ, Yoon JW, Yun BNR, Kang S, Kim J, Kim H, Han JY, Han BK. Deposition of bioactive human epidermal growth factor in the egg white of transgenic hens using an oviduct‐specific minisynthetic promoter. FASEB J 2015; 29:2386-96. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-264739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Sub Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of Green‐Bio Science and TechnologySeoul National University, Pyeongchang‐gunGangwon‐doKorea
| | - Hyo Gun Lee
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyCollege of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Jong Kook Moon
- Optipharm, Osongsaengmyeong 6‐ro, Cheongju‐siChungcheongbku‐doKorea
| | - Hong Jo Lee
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyCollege of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Jong Won Yoon
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyCollege of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Bit Na Rae Yun
- Optipharm, Osongsaengmyeong 6‐ro, Cheongju‐siChungcheongbku‐doKorea
| | - Sang‐Chul Kang
- Optipharm, Osongsaengmyeong 6‐ro, Cheongju‐siChungcheongbku‐doKorea
| | - Jiho Kim
- Optipharm, Osongsaengmyeong 6‐ro, Cheongju‐siChungcheongbku‐doKorea
| | - Hyunil Kim
- Optipharm, Osongsaengmyeong 6‐ro, Cheongju‐siChungcheongbku‐doKorea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyCollege of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Beom Ku Han
- Optipharm, Osongsaengmyeong 6‐ro, Cheongju‐siChungcheongbku‐doKorea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Park TS, Lim JM, Kim KH, Kim HS, Song YS, Han JY. Cellular dynamics after injection of mesoderm-derived human embryonic kidney 293 cells and fibroblasts into developing chick embryos. J Cancer Prev 2014; 19:68-73. [PMID: 25337574 PMCID: PMC4189472 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2014.19.1.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare localization of transformed or differentiated cells after injection into developing chick embryos. Mesoderm-derived chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEFs), retrieved from normal tissues and artificially transformed human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells, were injected into the dorsal aorta of stage 17 embryos, incubated for 60 h, and post-injection survival and tissue localization after injection were monitored. Overall survival rates were 43% to 57%, and there was no significant difference between the two cell types (P=0.4453). Migration into various tissues was observed after injection of the HEK 293 cells, and this was greatly reduced after CEF transfer (P<0.0127). Tumorigenic activity was detected in the HEK 293 transferred cells and the major organ colonized was the highly vascularized yolk sac. From these results, we suggest that cell transformation alters post-injected migration activity of cells at organogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Sub Park
- Major in Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921 ; Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921
| | - Jeong Mook Lim
- Major in Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921 ; Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921 ; Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Major in Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921 ; Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921
| | - Hee Seung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744 ; Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Yong Sang Song
- Major in Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921 ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744 ; Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Major in Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921 ; Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921 ; Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yu P, Lu Y, Jordan BJ, Liu Y, Yang JY, Hutcheson JM, Ethridge CL, Mumaw JL, Kinder HA, Beckstead RB, Stice SL, West FD. Nonviral minicircle generation of induced pluripotent stem cells compatible with production of chimeric chickens. Cell Reprogram 2014; 16:366-78. [PMID: 25084370 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2014.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chickens are vitally important in numerous countries as a primary food source and a major component of economic development. Efforts have been made to produce transgenic birds through pluripotent stem cell [primordial germ cells and embryonic stem cells (ESCs)] approaches to create animals with improved traits, such as meat and egg production or even disease resistance. However, these cell types have significant limitations because they are hard to culture long term while maintaining developmental plasticity. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a novel class of stem cells that have proven to be robust, leading to the successful development of transgenic mice, rats, quail, and pigs and may potentially overcome the limitations of previous pluripotent stem cell systems in chickens. In this study we generated chicken (c) iPSCs from fibroblast cells for the first time using a nonviral minicircle reprogramming approach. ciPSCs demonstrated stem cell morphology and expressed key stem cell markers, including alkaline phosphatase, POU5F1, SOX2, NANOG, and SSEA-1. These cells were capable of rapid growth and expressed high levels of telomerase. Late-passage ciPSCs transplanted into stage X embryos were successfully incorporated into tissues of all three germ layers, and the gonads demonstrated significant cellular plasticity. These cells provide an exciting new tool to create transgenic chickens with broad implications for agricultural and transgenic animal fields at large.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- 1 Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia , Athens, GA, 30602
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Enhanced lentiviral vector production in 293FT cells expressing Siglec-9. Cytotechnology 2014; 67:593-600. [PMID: 24464124 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Siglecs, sialic acid-recognizing Ig-superfamily lectins, regulate various aspects of immune responses, and have also been shown to induce the endocytosis of binding materials such as anti-Siglec antibodies or sialic acid-harboring bacteria. In this study, we demonstrated that the expression of Siglec-9 enhanced the transfection efficiency of several cell lines such as macrophage RAW264 and non-hematopoietic 293FT cells. We applied this finding to the production of a lentiviral vector in which cells were transfected simultaneously with multiple vectors, and achieved a twice increase in viral production levels. Furthermore, 293FT cells expressing lectin-defective Siglec-9 produced three- to seven-fold higher titer of viral vector compared with parental 293FT cells. These results suggest that Siglec-9 enhanced lentiviral vector production in a lectin-independent manner.
Collapse
|
23
|
Culture Conditions for Maintain Propagation, Long-term Survival and Germline Transmission of Chicken Primordial Germ Cell-Like Cells. J Poult Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0130077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
24
|
Park TS, Kang KS, Han JY. Current genomic editing approaches in avian transgenesis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 190:144-8. [PMID: 23247275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The chicken was domesticated from Red Jungle Fowl over 8000years ago and became one of the major food sources worldwide. At present, the poultry industry is one of the largest industrial animal stocks in the world, and its economic scale is expanding significantly with increasing consumption. Additionally, since Aristotle used chicken eggs as a model to provide remarkable insights into how life begins, chickens have been used as invaluable and powerful experimental materials for studying embryo development, immune systems, biomedical processes, and hormonal regulation. Combined with advancements in efficient transgenic technology, avian models have become even more important than would have been expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Sub Park
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sato Y, Lansford R. Transgenesis and imaging in birds, and available transgenic reporter lines. Dev Growth Differ 2013; 55:406-21. [PMID: 23621574 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Avian embryos are important model organism to study higher vertebrate development. Easy accessibility to developing avian embryos enables a variety of experimental applications to understand specific functions of molecules, tissue-tissue interactions, and cell lineages. The whole-mount ex ovo culture technique for avian embryos permits time-lapse imaging analysis for a better understanding of cell behaviors underlying tissue morphogenesis in physiological conditions. To study mechanisms of blood vessel formation and remodeling in developing embryos by using a time-lapse imaging approach, a transgenic quail model, Tg(tie1:H2B-eYFP), was generated. From a cell behavior perspective, Tg(tie1:H2B-eYFP) quail embryos are a suitable model to shed light on how the structure and pattern of blood vessels are established in higher vertebrates. In this manuscript, we give an overview on the biological and technological background of the transgenic quail model and describe procedures for the ex ovo culture of quail embryos and time-lapse imaging analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Miao X. Recent advances in the development of new transgenic animal technology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:815-28. [PMID: 22833168 PMCID: PMC11113483 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic animal technology is one of the fastest growing biotechnology areas. It is used to integrate exogenous genes into the animal genome by genetic engineering technology so that these genes can be inherited and expressed by offspring. The transgenic efficiency and precise control of gene expression are the key limiting factors in the production of transgenic animals. A variety of transgenic technologies are available. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages and needs further study because of unresolved technical and safety issues. Further studies will allow transgenic technology to explore gene function, animal genetic improvement, bioreactors, animal disease models, and organ transplantation. This article reviews the recently developed animal transgenic technologies, including the germ line stem cell-mediated method to improve efficiency, gene targeting to improve accuracy, RNA interference-mediated gene silencing technology, zinc-finger nuclease gene targeting technology and induced pluripotent stem cell technology. These new transgenic techniques can provide a better platform to develop transgenic animals for breeding new animal varieties and promote the development of medical sciences, livestock production, and other fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Miao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nishijima KI, Iijima S. Transgenic chickens. Dev Growth Differ 2012; 55:207-16. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Nishijima
- Department of Biotechnology; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku; Nagoya; 464-8603; Japan
| | - Shinji Iijima
- Department of Biotechnology; Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya University; Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku; Nagoya; 464-8603; Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang Z, Sun P, Yu F, Yan L, Yuan F, Zhang W, Wang T, Wan Z, Shao Q, Li Z. Transgenic quail production by microinjection of lentiviral vector into the early embryo blood vessels. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50817. [PMID: 23251391 PMCID: PMC3520935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Several strategies have been used to generate transgenic birds. The most successful method so far has been the injection of lentiviral vectors into the subgerminal cavity of a newly laid egg. We report here a new, easy and effective way to produce transgenic quails through direct injection of a lentiviral vector, containing an enhanced-green fluorescent protein (eGFP) transgene, into the blood vessels of quail embryos at Hamburger-Hamilton stage 13-15 (HH13-15). A total of 80 embryos were injected and 48 G0 chimeras (60%) were hatched. Most injected embryo organs and tissues of hatched quails were positive for eGFP. In five out of 21 mature G0 male quails, the semen was eGFP-positive, as detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), indicating transgenic germ line chimeras. Testcross and genetic analyses revealed that the G0 quail produced transgenic G1 offspring; of 46 G1 hatchlings, 6 were transgenic (6/46, 13.0%). We also compared this new method with the conventional transgenesis using stage X subgerminal cavity injection. Total 240 quail embryos were injected by subgerminal cavity injection, of which 34 (14.1%) were hatched, significantly lower than the new method. From these hatched quails semen samples were collected from 19 sexually matured males and tested for the transgene by PCR. The transgene was present in three G0 male quails and only 4/236 G1 offspring (1.7%) were transgenic. In conclusion, we developed a novel bird transgenic method by injection of lentiviral vector into embryonic blood vessel at HH 13-15 stage, which result in significant higher transgenic efficiency than the conventional subgerminal cavity injection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zifu Zhang
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Beijing Education Examinations Authority, Beijing, China
| | - Fuxian Yu
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yan
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyi Wan
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Shao
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zandong Li
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Retinoic acid promotes proliferation of chicken primordial germ cells via activation of PI3K/Akt-mediated NF-κB signalling cascade. Cell Biol Int 2012; 36:705-12. [PMID: 22548360 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20110542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As embryonic progenitors for the gametes, PGCs (primordial germ cells) proliferate and develop under strict regulation of numerous intrinsic and external factors. As the most active natural metabolite of vitamin A, all-trans RA (retinoic acid) plays pivotal roles in regulating development of various cells. The proliferating action of RA on PGCs was investigated along with the intracellular PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt (protein kinase B; also known as Akt)-mediated NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) signalling cascade. The results show that RA significantly promoted PGC proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, confirmed by BrdU (bromodeoxyuridine) incorporation and cell cycle analysis. However, this promoting effect was attenuated by sequential inhibitors of LY294002 for PI3K, KP372-1 for Akt and SN50 for NF-κB respectively. Western blot analysis showed increased Akt phosphorylation (Ser473) of PGCs after stimulation with RA, but this was abolished by LY294002 or KP372-1. Treatment with RA increased expression of NF-κB and decreased IκBα (inhibitory κBα) expression, which were inhibited by SN50. Blockade of PI3K or Akt activity inhibited NF-κB translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Finally, mRNA expression of cell cycle regulating genes [cyclin D1 and E, CDK6 (cyclin-dependent kinase 6) and CDK2] was up-regulated in the RA-treated cells. This stimulation was also markedly retarded by combined treatment with LY294002, KP372-1 and SN50. These results suggest that RA activates the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signalling cascade to promote proliferation of the cultured chicken PGCs.
Collapse
|
30
|
De Melo Bernardo A, Sprenkels K, Rodrigues G, Noce T, Chuva De Sousa Lopes SM. Chicken primordial germ cells use the anterior vitelline veins to enter the embryonic circulation. Biol Open 2012; 1:1146-52. [PMID: 23213395 PMCID: PMC3507194 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20122592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During gastrulation, chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) are present in an extraembryonic region of the embryo from where they migrate towards the genital ridges. This is also observed in mammals, but in chicken the vehicle used by the migratory PGCs is the vascular system. We have analysed the migratory pathway of chicken PGCs, focusing on the period of transition from the extraembryonic region to the intraembryonic vascular system. Our findings show that at Hamburger and Hamilton developmental stage HH12–HH14 the majority of PGCs concentrate axially in the sinus terminalis and favour transport axially via the anterior vitelline veins into the embryonic circulation. Moreover, directly blocking the blood flow through the anterior vitelline veins resulted in an accumulation of PGCs in the anterior region and a decreased number of PGCs in the genital ridges. We further confirmed the key role for the anterior vitelline veins in the correct migration of PGCs using an ex ovo culture method that resulted in defective morphogenetic development of the anterior vitelline veins. We propose a novel model for the migratory pathway of chicken PGCs whereby the anterior vitelline veins play a central role at the extraembryonic and embryonic interface. The chicken model of PGC migration through the vasculature may be a powerful tool to study the process of homing (inflammation and metastasis) due to the striking similarities in regulatory signaling pathways (SDF1–CXCR4) and the transient role of the vasculature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana De Melo Bernardo
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center , Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Vergara MN, Canto-Soler MV. Rediscovering the chick embryo as a model to study retinal development. Neural Dev 2012; 7:22. [PMID: 22738172 PMCID: PMC3541172 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8104-7-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The embryonic chick occupies a privileged place among animal models used in developmental studies. Its rapid development and accessibility for visualization and experimental manipulation are just some of the characteristics that have made it a vertebrate model of choice for more than two millennia. Until a few years ago, the inability to perform genetic manipulations constituted a major drawback of this system. However, the completion of the chicken genome project and the development of techniques to manipulate gene expression have allowed this classic animal model to enter the molecular age. Such techniques, combined with the embryological manipulations that this system is well known for, provide a unique toolkit to study the genetic basis of neural development. A major advantage of these approaches is that they permit targeted gene misexpression with extremely high spatiotemporal resolution and over a large range of developmental stages, allowing functional analysis at a level, speed and ease that is difficult to achieve in other systems. This article provides a general overview of the chick as a developmental model focusing more specifically on its application to the study of eye development. Special emphasis is given to the state of the art of the techniques that have made gene gain- and loss-of-function studies in this model a reality. In addition, we discuss some methodological considerations derived from our own experience that we believe will be beneficial to researchers working with this system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Natalia Vergara
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Smith Building 3023, 400 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287-9257, USA
| | - M Valeria Canto-Soler
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Smith Building 3023, 400 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21287-9257, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hen G, Yosefi S, Shinder D, Or A, Mygdal S, Condiotti R, Galun E, Bor A, Sela-Donenfeld D, Friedman-Einat M. Gene transfer to chicks using lentiviral vectors administered via the embryonic chorioallantoic membrane. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36531. [PMID: 22606269 PMCID: PMC3350527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of affordable techniques for gene transfer in birds has inhibited the advancement of molecular studies in avian species. Here we demonstrate a new approach for introducing genes into chicken somatic tissues by administration of a lentiviral vector, derived from the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), into the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryos on embryonic day 11. The FIV-derived vectors carried yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) or recombinant alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) genes, driven by the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. Transgene expression, detected in chicks 2 days after hatch by quantitative real-time PCR, was mostly observed in the liver and spleen. Lower expression levels were also detected in the brain, kidney, heart and breast muscle. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analyses confirmed transgene expression in chick tissues at the protein level, demonstrating a transduction efficiency of ∼0.46% of liver cells. Integration of the viral vector into the chicken genome was demonstrated using genomic repetitive (CR1)-PCR amplification. Viability and stability of the transduced cells was confirmed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (dUTP) nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, immunostaining with anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (anti-PCNA), and detection of transgene expression 51 days post transduction. Our approach led to only 9% drop in hatching efficiency compared to non-injected embryos, and all of the hatched chicks expressed the transgenes. We suggest that the transduction efficiency of FIV vectors combined with the accessibility of the CAM vasculature as a delivery route comprise a new powerful and practical approach for gene delivery into somatic tissues of chickens. Most relevant is the efficient transduction of the liver, which specializes in the production and secretion of proteins, thereby providing an optimal target for prolonged study of secreted hormones and peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Hen
- Ministry of Agriculture, Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sara Yosefi
- Ministry of Agriculture, Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Dmitry Shinder
- Ministry of Agriculture, Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Adi Or
- Ministry of Agriculture, Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Sivan Mygdal
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Reba Condiotti
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eithan Galun
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amir Bor
- Ministry of Agriculture, Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Dalit Sela-Donenfeld
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail: (DSD); (MFE)
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fan B, Huang P, Zheng S, Sun Y, Fang C, Sun Z. Assembly and in vitro functional analysis of zinc finger nuclease specific to the 3' untranslated region of chicken ovalbumin gene. Anim Biotechnol 2012; 22:211-22. [PMID: 22132814 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2011.626885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) are useful for the improvement of site directed integration of foreign gene into vertebrate chromosomes. To facilitate site-directed integration of foreign genes into the 3'-untranslated region of the chicken ovalbumin gene, we have constructed ZFN expression vectors using Zinc Finger Consortium Vector Kits and tested the functionality of these ZFN constructs. Coding sequences for 6 zinc fingers were assembled following the modular assembly method. The zinc finger assembly was fused to two FokI catalytic domains. Various configurations of linker regions between domains were tested for their influence on enzymatic activity, using plasmid substrate containing the target sequence. Results indicated that ZFN with an elongated linker between two nuclease domains had a high catalytic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoliang Fan
- Animal Science and Technology Department, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Electroporation has been used successfully to introduce macromolecules such as DNA into the chick embryo for at least 15 years. Purified plasmid DNA is microinjected into embryo and then a series of low voltage electrical pulses are applied to the embryo which allows naked DNA to enter cells. Following entrance into the cytoplasm, the DNA is transported to the nucleus where it is transiently expressed. This powerful technique is useful for studies involving overexpression, misexpression, and knockdown of genes of interest at a variety of developmental timepoints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teri L Belecky-Adams
- Department of Biology & Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mizutani A, Tsunashima H, Nishijima KI, Sasamoto T, Yamada Y, Kojima Y, Motono M, Kojima J, Inayoshi Y, Miyake K, Park EY, Iijima S. Genetic modification of a chicken expression system for the galactosylation of therapeutic proteins produced in egg white. Transgenic Res 2011; 21:63-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s11248-011-9511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
36
|
Improvement of transfection efficiency in cultured chicken primordial germ cells by percoll density gradient centrifugation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2010; 74:2426-30. [PMID: 21150102 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) differentiate into germ cells in gonads. Because PGCs can be cloned and cultured maintaining germline competency, they are a good means of modifying the chicken genome, but the efficiency of plasmid transfection into PGCs is very low. In this study, I attempted to improve the efficiency of PGC transfection. Cultured PGCs were purified by Percoll density gradient centrifugation, and were then transfected with plasmid DNA. For transient transfection, the transfection efficiency increased more than 7-fold by the Percoll method. The efficiency of stable transfection of PGCs also increased significantly. The stable transfectants that were isolated by this method accumulated in the developing gonads after microinjection into bloodstream of chick embryos, indicating that gene transfection by Percoll purification did not alter the function of PGCs in vivo.
Collapse
|