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Rosa V, Silikas N, Yu B, Dubey N, Sriram G, Zinelis S, Lima AF, Bottino MC, Ferreira JN, Schmalz G, Watts DC. Guidance on the assessment of biocompatibility of biomaterials: Fundamentals and testing considerations. Dent Mater 2024:S0109-5641(24)00221-5. [PMID: 39129079 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessing the biocompatibility of materials is crucial for ensuring the safety and well-being of patients by preventing undesirable, toxic, immune, or allergic reactions, and ensuring that materials remain functional over time without triggering adverse reactions. To ensure a comprehensive assessment, planning tests that carefully consider the intended application and potential exposure scenarios for selecting relevant assays, cell types, and testing parameters is essential. Moreover, characterizing the composition and properties of biomaterials allows for a more accurate understanding of test outcomes and the identification of factors contributing to cytotoxicity. Precise reporting of methodology and results facilitates research reproducibility and understanding of the findings by the scientific community, regulatory agencies, healthcare providers, and the general public. AIMS This article aims to provide an overview of the key concepts associated with evaluating the biocompatibility of biomaterials while also offering practical guidance on cellular principles, testing methodologies, and biological assays that can support in the planning, execution, and reporting of biocompatibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Rosa
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Nikolaos Silikas
- Dental Biomaterials, Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Baiqing Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Nileshkumar Dubey
- ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, United States.
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Spiros Zinelis
- School of Dentistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Greece.
| | - Adriano F Lima
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marco C Bottino
- School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Joao N Ferreira
- Center of Excellence for Innovation for Oral Health and Healthy Longevity, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.
| | - Gottfried Schmalz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - David C Watts
- School of Medical Sciences and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
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2
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Karamanidou T, Krommydas K, Karanikou M, Tsamos D, Michalakis K, Kletsas D, Tsouknidas A, Pratsinis H. Biological Activities of Citrus-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Human Cells: The Role of Preservation. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5812-5824. [PMID: 38921018 PMCID: PMC11203058 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as important mediators for cell-to-cell communication. Citrus-based EVs in particular offer an excellent platform for nutraceutical delivery systems, as their endemic cargo includes micronutrients (e.g., ascorbic acid), which contribute to their antioxidant capacity. Despite being extensively investigated as to their therapeutic and diagnostic potential, their cargo is inherently unstable and thus directly affected by their storage and preservation. In this study, EVs were isolated from citrus fruit using tangential flow filtration and evaluated for their physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity and effects on human cells. To assess how their isolation and preservation methods affect these properties, the EVs were tested immediately after isolation (from fresh and freeze-thawed juices) or following freeze-drying. A measurable biological effect of cryoprotection on citrus-derived EVs was evident, whether during or after isolation. This was more pronounced in the cell-based assays, ranging from -4% to +32% in human skin fibroblast proliferation. Nevertheless, the effects on human cancer cells varied depending on the cell line. Although these results should be considered preliminary observations, subject to further investigation, it is safe to state that any type of preservation is expected to impact the EVs' biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Karamanidou
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Computational Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece (K.K.); (D.T.)
| | - Konstantinos Krommydas
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Computational Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece (K.K.); (D.T.)
| | - Maria Karanikou
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Computational Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece (K.K.); (D.T.)
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios Tsamos
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Computational Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece (K.K.); (D.T.)
| | - Konstantinos Michalakis
- Department of Restorative Sciences & Biomaterials, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece;
| | - Alexander Tsouknidas
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Computational Mechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece (K.K.); (D.T.)
- Department of Restorative Sciences & Biomaterials, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Harris Pratsinis
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece;
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Isaac J, Clerc MM, Ferré FC, Fournier BPJ. [Oral mesenchymal cells, a specific niche, from development to regeneration]. Med Sci (Paris) 2024; 40:24-29. [PMID: 38299899 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral buccal tissues, including bone and mucosa, have unique properties. Oral mucosal fibroblasts and jaw osteoblasts, both derived from Cranial Neural Crest cells, play a key role in healing and repair. These cells express a specific repertoire of genes with their regenerative properties, but also craniofacial diseases. Understanding these tissues holds clinical promise for tissue regeneration and repair of bone and mucosal defects. These multidisciplinary advances also offer potential for better management of periodontal-related conditions and improved oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Isaac
- Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, UMRS 1138, Molecular Oral Pathophysiology Lab, université Paris Cité, Inserm, Sorbonne université, Paris, France - Université Paris Cité, UFR odontologie, département de biologie orale, Paris, France
| | - Mélodie M Clerc
- Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, UMRS 1138, Molecular Oral Pathophysiology Lab, université Paris Cité, Inserm, Sorbonne université, Paris, France - Reference center for oral and dental rare diseases, ORARES, Odontology department, hôpital Rothschild, APHP, Paris, France
| | - François C Ferré
- Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, UMRS 1138, Molecular Oral Pathophysiology Lab, université Paris Cité, Inserm, Sorbonne université, Paris, France - Université Paris Cité, UFR odontologie, département de chirurgie orale, Paris, France - Service de chirurgie orale, hôpital Charles Foix, AP-HP, Ivry-Sur‑Seine, France
| | - Benjamin P J Fournier
- Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, UMRS 1138, Molecular Oral Pathophysiology Lab, université Paris Cité, Inserm, Sorbonne université, Paris, France - Université Paris Cité, UFR odontologie, département de biologie orale, Paris, France - Reference center for oral and dental rare diseases, ORARES, Odontology department, hôpital Rothschild, APHP, Paris, France
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Asparuhova MB, Song X, Riedwyl D, van Geest G, Bosshardt DD, Sculean A. Differential molecular profiles and associated functionalities characterize connective tissue grafts obtained at different locations and depths in the human palate. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:57. [PMID: 38072943 PMCID: PMC10711016 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the molecular profiles of subepithelial connective tissue grafts (CTGs) obtained at different locations and depths in the human palate. Sixty-four CTGs belonging to anterior deep (AD), anterior superficial (AS), posterior deep (PD), and posterior superficial (PS) groups were subjected to RNA-Sequencing and their transcriptomes were analyzed computationally. Functional correlations characterizing the CTG groups were validated by cell biological experiments using primary human palatal fibroblasts (HPFs) extracted from the CTGs. A clearly more pronounced location-dependent than depth-dependent difference between the grafts, with a minimal number of genes (4) showing no dependence on the location, was revealed. Epithelial, endothelial, and monocytic cell migration was strongly (P < 0.001) potentiated by AD- and PS-HPFs. Moreover, significantly increased expression of genes encoding C-C and C-X-C motif chemokine ligands as well as significantly (P < 0.01) activated p38 signaling suggested immunomodulatory phenotype for AD- and PS-HPFs. Increased growth factor gene expression and significantly activated (P < 0.001) Erk and Akt signaling in HPFs originating from A-CTGs implied their involvement in cell survival, proliferation, and motility. Prominent collagen-rich expression profile contributing to high mechanical stability, increased osteogenesis-related gene expression, and strongly activated (P < 0.001) Smad1/5/8 signaling characterized HPFs originating from P-CTGs. The present data indicate that in humans, differences between palatal CTGs harvested from different locations and depths appear to be location- rather than depth-dependent. Our findings provide the basis for future personalization of the therapeutic strategy by selecting an optimal graft type depending on the clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Asparuhova
- Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Xiaoqing Song
- Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Riedwyl
- Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Geert van Geest
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dieter D Bosshardt
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Robert K. Schenk Laboratory of Oral Histology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Morpho-Functional Effect of a New Collagen-Based Medical Device on Human Gingival Fibroblasts: An In Vitro Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030786. [PMID: 36979765 PMCID: PMC10045070 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintaining periodontal and peri-implant soft tissues health is crucial for the long-term health of teeth and dental implants. New biomedical strategies aimed at avoiding connective tissue alterations and related diseases (e.g., periodontitis and peri-implantitis) are constantly evolving. Among these, collagen-based medical products have proven to be safe and effective. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Dental SKIN BioRegulation (Guna S.p.a., Milan, Italy), a new injectable medical device composed of type I collagen of porcine origin, on primary cultures of human gingival fibroblasts (hGF). To this end, hGF were cultured on collagen-coated (COL, 100 µg/2 mL) or uncoated plates (CTRL) before evaluating cell viability (24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 7 d), wound healing properties (3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h), and the activation of mechanotransduction markers, such as FAK, YAP, and TAZ (48 h). The results proved a significant increase in cell viability at 48 h (p < 0.05) and wound closure at 24 h (p < 0.001) of hGF grown on COL, with an increasing trend at all time-points. Furthermore, COL significantly induced the expression of FAK and YAP/TAZ (p < 0.05), thereby promoting the activation of mechanotransduction signaling pathways. Overall, these data suggest that COL, acting as a mechanical bio-scaffold, could represent a useful treatment for gingival rejuvenation and may possibly help in the resolution of oral pathologies.
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Terranova ML. Key Challenges in Diamond Coating of Titanium Implants: Current Status and Future Prospects. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123149. [PMID: 36551907 PMCID: PMC9775193 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over past years, the fabrication of Ti-based permanent implants for fracture fixation, joint replacement and bone or tooth substitution, has become a routine task. However, it has been found that some degradation phenomena occurring on the Ti surface limits the life or the efficiency of the artificial constructs. The task of avoiding such adverse effects, to prevent microbial colonization and to accelerate osteointegration, is being faced by a variety of approaches in order to adapt Ti surfaces to the needs of osseous tissues. Among the large set of biocompatible materials proposed as an interface between Ti and the hosting tissue, diamond has been proven to offer bioactive and mechanical properties able to match the specific requirements of osteoblasts. Advances in material science and implant engineering are now enabling us to produce micro- or nano-crystalline diamond coatings on a variety of differently shaped Ti constructs. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the research currently ongoing in the field of diamond-coated orthopedic Ti implants and to examine the evolution of the concepts that are accelerating the full transition of such technology from the laboratory to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Terranova
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy; or
- Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale di Medicina Rigenerativa (CIMER), Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Roma, Italy
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7
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Smith CJ, Parkinson EK, Yang J, Pratten J, O'Toole EA, Caley MP, Braun KM. Investigating wound healing characteristics of gingival and skin keratinocytes in organotypic cultures. J Dent 2022; 125:104251. [PMID: 35961474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The gingiva heals at an accelerated rate with reduced scarring when compared to skin. Potential well-studied factors include immune cell number, angiogenesis disparities and fibroblast gene expression. Differential keratinocyte gene expression, however, remains relatively understudied. This study explored the contrasting healing efficiencies of gingival and skin keratinocytes, alongside their differential gene expression patterns. METHODS 3D organotypic culture models of human gingiva and skin were developed using temporarily immortalised primary keratinocytes. Models were wounded for visualisation of re-epithelialisation and analysis of keratinocyte migration to close the wound gap. Concurrently, differentially expressed genes between primary gingival and skin keratinocytes were identified, validated, and functionally assessed. RESULTS Characterisation of the 3D cultures of gingiva and skin showed differentiation markers that recapitulated organisation of the corresponding in vivo tissue. Upon wounding, gingival models displayed a significantly higher efficiency in re-epithelialisation and stratification versus skin, repopulating the wound gap within 24 hours. This difference was likely due to distinct patterns of migration, with gingival cells demonstrating a form of sheet migration, in contrast to skin, where the leading edge was typically 1-2 cells thick. A candidate approach was used to identify several genes that were differentially expressed between gingival and skin keratinocytes. Knockdown of PITX1 resulted in reduced migration capacity of gingival cells. CONCLUSION Gingival keratinocytes retain in vivo superior wound healing capabilities in in vitro 2D and 3D environments. Intrinsic gene expression differences could result in gingival cells being 'primed' for healing and play a role in faster wound resolution. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The successful development of organotypic models, that recapitulate re-epithelialisation, will underpin further studies to analyse the oral response to wound stimuli, and potential therapeutic interventions, in an in vitro environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Smith
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT UK
| | - Eric K Parkinson
- Institute of Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT
| | | | | | - Edel A O'Toole
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT UK
| | - Matthew P Caley
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT UK
| | - Kristin M Braun
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT UK.
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8
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Webb BCW, Glogauer M, Santerre JP. The Structure and Function of Next-Generation Gingival Graft Substitutes-A Perspective on Multilayer Electrospun Constructs with Consideration of Vascularization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5256. [PMID: 35563649 PMCID: PMC9099797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a shortage of suitable tissue-engineered solutions for gingival recession, a soft tissue defect of the oral cavity. Autologous tissue grafts lead to an increase in morbidity due to complications at the donor site. Although material substitutes are available on the market, their development is early, and work to produce more functional material substitutes is underway. The latter materials along with newly conceived tissue-engineered substitutes must maintain volumetric form over time and have advantageous mechanical and biological characteristics facilitating the regeneration of functional gingival tissue. This review conveys a comprehensive and timely perspective to provide insight towards future work in the field, by linking the structure (specifically multilayered systems) and function of electrospun material-based approaches for gingival tissue engineering and regeneration. Electrospun material composites are reviewed alongside existing commercial material substitutes', looking at current advantages and disadvantages. The importance of implementing physiologically relevant degradation profiles and mechanical properties into the design of material substitutes is presented and discussed. Further, given that the broader tissue engineering field has moved towards the use of pre-seeded scaffolds, a review of promising cell options, for generating tissue-engineered autologous gingival grafts from electrospun scaffolds is presented and their potential utility and limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. W. Webb
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (B.C.W.W.); (M.G.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 Collage St Room 407, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (B.C.W.W.); (M.G.)
| | - J. Paul Santerre
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward St, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (B.C.W.W.); (M.G.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 Collage St Room 407, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
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Yoshimine S, Ueno K, Murakami J, Saito T, Suzuki R, Asai Y, Ikeda E, Tanaka T, Hamano K. Autologous Multilayered Fibroblast Sheets Can Reinforce Bronchial Stump in a Rat Model. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 34:349-358. [PMID: 33711463 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bronchopleural fistula is one of the most serious postoperative complications caused by the incomplete healing of a bronchial stump. Fibroblasts play an important role in wound healing by facilitating connective tissue formation and inducing angiogenesis. We developed a method for production of multilayered fibroblast sheets that secreted some growth factors and promoted wound healing. The present study aimed to assess the treatment effect of multilayered fibroblast sheets on bronchial stump healing. In this rat model, left pneumonectomy was performed, and multilayered fibroblast sheets derived from autologous oral mucosal tissues were transplanted to the bronchial stump. The changes in the bronchial stump were examined macroscopically, histologically, and mechanically. The fibroblast sheets promoted the formation of thick connective tissues around the bronchial stump. The formed connective tissues were accompanied by new blood vessels, and fibrosis was observed over time. Then, 7 days after the transplantation of the fibroblast sheets, the bronchial wall became significantly thicker, and the area of the blood vessels for the bronchial wall tissues was significantly larger in the experimental group than in the control group. In addition, the burst pressure in the bronchial stump was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Bronchial stumps were reinforced by the transplantation of multilayered fibroblast sheets derived from autologous oral mucosal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sota Yoshimine
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Koji Ueno
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan.
| | - Junichi Murakami
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Toshiro Saito
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Asai
- Department of Systems Bioinformatics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Eiji Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Toshiki Tanaka
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kimikazu Hamano
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Hydrogen-Generating Silica Material Prevents UVA-ray-Induced Cellular Oxidative Stress, Cell Death, Collagen Loss and Melanogenesis in Human Cells and 3D Skin Equivalents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010076. [PMID: 33430157 PMCID: PMC7827282 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet-A (UVA) irradiation induces harmful effects on skin cells and accelerates skin aging through oxidative stress. In this study, the effects of a hydrogen-generating silica material named ULH-002 against UVA injuries in human cells and 3D skin equivalents were investigated. The oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) assay showed that both freshly prepared ULH-002 solutions and 7-day-old solutions exhibited equal peroxyl radical (ROO·) scavenging activities concentration-dependently. CellROX® green/orange staining showed that ULH-002 could reduce UVA-induced oxidative stress in human keratinocytes HaCaT and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). ULH-002 significantly prevented UVA-induced apoptotic/necrotic cell death and cell-viability decline in HGFs and keratinocytes, as shown by Annexin V/PI apoptosis assay and PrestoBlue assay, respectively. Immunostaining showed that ULH-002 prevented the UVA-induced deterioration of expression of both type IV and I collagens in the 3D skin equivalents, and similarly in monolayer HGFs. UVA-enhanced melanogenesis was observed in human melanocytes HMV-II and HMV-II cell-containing 3D skin equivalents, but markedly prevented by ULH-002 as demonstrated by Fontana–Masson’s staining. In conclusion, our data suggested that ULH-002 could protect human keratinocytes and fibroblasts from UVA-induced injuries, prevent the loss of type IV and I collagens, as well as reduce melanogenesis. ULH-002 might be developed as a skin care reagent in the cosmetic industry.
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Bryja A, Sujka-Kordowska P, Konwerska A, Ciesiółka S, Wieczorkiewicz M, Bukowska D, Antosik P, Bryl R, Skowroński MT, Jaśkowski JM, Mozdziak P, Angelova Volponi A, Shibli JA, Kempisty B, Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska M. New Gene Markers Involved in Molecular Processes of Tissue Repair, Response to Wounding and Regeneration Are Differently Expressed in Fibroblasts from Porcine Oral Mucosa during Long-Term Primary Culture. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10111938. [PMID: 33105567 PMCID: PMC7690285 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Wound healing and vascularization mechanisms are key steps in the complex morphological process of tissue reconstruction. Additionally, these processes in the oral cavity are more rapid than in the skin and result in less scar formation. Epithelial cells and fibroblasts play an important role in the process of wound healing. In our study, we focused on fibroblasts and monitored changes in gene expression during their in vitro culture. Based on the analysis, we distinguished three groups of processes that play important roles in tissue regeneration: response to wounding, wound healing and vascularization. We identified genes that were involved in all three processes. These genes could be selected as tissue specific repair markers for oral fibroblasts. Abstract The mechanisms of wound healing and vascularization are crucial steps of the complex morphological process of tissue reconstruction. In addition to epithelial cells, fibroblasts play an important role in this process. They are characterized by dynamic proliferation and they form the stroma for epithelial cells. In this study, we have used primary cultures of oral fibroblasts, obtained from porcine buccal mucosa. Cells were maintained long-term in in vitro conditions, in order to investigate the expression profile of the molecular markers involved in wound healing and vascularization. Based on the Affymetrix assays, we have observed three ontological groups of markers as wound healing group, response to wounding group and vascularization group, represented by different genes characterized by their expression profile during long-term primary in vitro culture (IVC) of porcine oral fibroblasts. Following the analysis of gene expression in three previously identified groups of genes, we have identified that transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1), ITGB3, PDPN, and ETS1 are involved in all three processes, suggesting that these genes could be recognized as markers of repair specific for oral fibroblasts within the porcine mucosal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Bryja
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (R.B.); (M.D.-K.)
| | - Patrycja Sujka-Kordowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (P.S.-K.); (A.K.); (S.C.)
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Gora, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Aneta Konwerska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (P.S.-K.); (A.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Sylwia Ciesiółka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (P.S.-K.); (A.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Maria Wieczorkiewicz
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.W.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (D.B.); (J.M.J.)
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Rut Bryl
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (R.B.); (M.D.-K.)
| | - Mariusz T. Skowroński
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (M.W.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Jędrzej M. Jaśkowski
- Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; (D.B.); (J.M.J.)
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Physiology Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Ana Angelova Volponi
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King’s College University of London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
| | - Jamil A. Shibli
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental Research Division, University of Guarulhos, Guarulhos SP 07030-010, Brazil;
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (R.B.); (M.D.-K.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (P.S.-K.); (A.K.); (S.C.)
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-8546418
| | - Marta Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-781 Poznań, Poland; (A.B.); (R.B.); (M.D.-K.)
- Department of Biomaterials and Experimental Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
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12
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Alfonso García SL, Parada-Sanchez MT, Arboleda Toro D. The phenotype of gingival fibroblasts and their potential use in advanced therapies. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151123. [PMID: 33070040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced therapies in medicine use stem cells, gene editing, and tissues to treat a wide range of conditions. One of their goals is to stimulate endogenous repair of tissues and organs by manipulating stem cells and their niche, as well as to optimize the intrinsic characteristics and plasticity of differentiated cells in adult tissues. In this context, fibroblasts emerge as an alternative source to stem cells because they share phenotypic and regenerative characteristics. Specifically, fibroblasts of the oral mucosae have been shown to have improved regenerative capacity compared to other fibroblast populations. Additionally, their easy access by means of minimally invasive procedures without generating aesthetic problems, with easy and rapid in vitro expansion and with great capacity to respond to extrinsic factors, make oral fibroblasts an attractive and interesting resource for regenerative medicine. This review summarizes current concepts regarding the phenotypic and functional aspects of human Gingival Fibroblasts and their niche, differentiating them from other fibroblast populations of oral-lining mucosa and skin fibroblasts. Furthermore, some applications are presented in regenerative medicine, emphasizing on the biological potential of human Gingival Fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Liliana Alfonso García
- Department of Integrated Basic Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia; Department of Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, 111311, Colombia.
| | | | - David Arboleda Toro
- Department of Integrated Basic Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
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13
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Distinct differences in hypoxic responses between human oral mucosa and skin fibroblasts in a 3D collagen matrix. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:452-479. [PMID: 32588253 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The differences between oral mucosa and skin wound healing involving hypoxic responses of fibroblasts are poorly elucidated. In this study, we aimed to study the different hypoxic responses between oral and skin fibroblasts embedded in a three-dimensional (3D) collagen matrix to address the early stage of wound healing. Primary oral mucosa fibroblasts (OMFs) obtained from the retromolar area and skin fibroblasts (SFs) obtained from the abdomen were cultured in the 3D 'floating model' under either 21%, 5% or 1% O2 for 2 days. Cell viability under hypoxia was higher in the OMFs than in the SFs. Collagen gel contraction was suppressed under hypoxic conditions in both fibroblasts, consistent with the reduction of alpha smooth muscle actin expression, except for SFs under 1% O2. Subsequently, their gene expression profiles between 21 and 1% O2 concentrations were compared via microarray technology, and the expression profiles of the extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated proteins, including matrix metalloproteinases and collagens, were evaluated. The OMFs were more susceptible to 1% O2, and more of their genes were downregulated than the SFs'. Although the production and expression levels of ECM-associated proteins in both fibroblasts diminished under hypoxia, those levels in OMFs were significantly higher than those in SFs. In the case of single origin OMFs and SFs, our findings suggest that OMFs possess a higher baseline production capacity of several ECM-associated proteins than SFs, except type III collagen. The intrinsic hypoxic responses of OMFs may be attributed to a more favourable wound healing in oral mucosa.
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14
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Canullo L, Genova T, Gross Trujillo E, Pradies G, Petrillo S, Muzzi M, Carossa S, Mussano F. Fibroblast Interaction with Different Abutment Surfaces: In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061919. [PMID: 32168919 PMCID: PMC7139398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Attaining an effective mucosal attachment to the transmucosal part of the implant could protect the peri-implant bone. Aim: To evaluate if chair side surface treatments (plasma of Argon and ultraviolet light) may affect fibroblast adhesion on different titanium surfaces designed for soft tissue healing. Methods: Grade 5 titanium discs with four different surface topographies were subdivided into 3 groups: argon-plasma; ultraviolet light, and no treatment. Cell morphology and adhesion tests were performed at 20 min, 24 h, and 72 h. Results: Qualitative observation of the surfaces performed at the SEM was in accordance with the anticipated features. Roughness values ranged from smooth (MAC Sa = 0.2) to very rough (XA Sa = 21). At 20 min, all the untreated surfaces presented hemispherical cells with reduced filopodia, while the cells on treated samples were more spread with broad lamellipodia. However, these differences in spreading behavior disappeared at 24 h and 72 h. Argon-plasma, but not UV, significantly increased the number of fibroblasts independently of the surface type but only at 20 min. Statistically, there was no surface in combination with a treatment that favored a greater cellular adhesion. Conclusions: Data showed potential biological benefits of treating implant abutment surfaces with the plasma of argon in relation to early-stage cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Canullo
- Private Practice, Via Nizza, 46, 00198 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-347-6201-976
| | - Tullio Genova
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy;
- CIR Dental School—Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Esperanza Gross Trujillo
- Department of Buccofacial Prosthesis, University Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.T.); (G.P.)
| | - Guillermo Pradies
- Department of Buccofacial Prosthesis, University Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.T.); (G.P.)
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Rome III, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Muzzi
- Department of Science, University of Rome III, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefano Carossa
- CIR Dental School—Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Federico Mussano
- CIR Dental School—Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (F.M.)
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15
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Li N, Li X, Chen K, Dong H, Kagami H. Characterization of spontaneous spheroids from oral mucosa-derived cells and their direct comparison with spheroids from skin-derived cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:184. [PMID: 31234925 PMCID: PMC6591807 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our group has developed a novel method for spontaneous spheroid formation using a specific low-adherence culture plate with around 90° water contact angle. In this study, this method was applied for oral mucosa-derived cells. First, the feasibility of spontaneous spheroid formation was tested. Next, the characteristics of spontaneous spheroids from oral mucosa- and skin-derived cells were compared with special focus on the stemness and neuronal differentiation capability. Methods Oral mucosal cells were obtained from the palate and buccal mucosa of C57BL/6J mice. Similarly, skin cells were obtained from the back of the same mouse strain. Passage 2–3 cells were inoculated into the specific low-adherence culture plates to form spontaneous spheroids. The effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and B27 supplement on spheroid formation and maintenance was assessed. Immunofluorescence and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were performed to investigate the expression of pluripotency markers, cell proliferation and apoptosis markers, and neurogenic differentiation markers. Results Using this culture plate, spontaneous spheroid formation was feasible. This process depended on the presence of serum but was independent of the additives such as bFGF, EGF, and B27 supplement, although they improved the efficiency and were essential for spheroid maintenance. This result was confirmed by the higher expression of Caspase7 in the spheroids cultured without the additives than that with the additives. The spheroids from oral mucosa-derived cells expressed stem cell markers, such as Sox2, SSEA1, Oct4, Nanog, and Nestin. The expression of Sox2 in spheroids from oral mucosal cells was higher than that in spheroids from skin-derived cells. Both spheroid-forming cell types had the ability to differentiate into neural and Schwann cells after neurogenic induction, although significantly higher MAP 2, MBP, Nestin, and Nurr1 gene expression was noted in the cells from oral mucosa-derived spheroids. Conclusions The results showed that spontaneous spheroids from oral mucosa-derived cells contain highly potent stem cells, which were as good as skin-derived stem cells. The high expression of certain neuronal marker genes suggests an advantage of these cells for regeneration therapy for neuronal disorders. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1283-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Li
- Department of Hard Tissue Research, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Xianqi Li
- Department of Hard Tissue Research, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan.,Institute for Oral Science, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Hard Tissue Research, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Hongwei Dong
- Department of Hard Tissue Research, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kagami
- Department of Hard Tissue Research, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan. .,Institute for Oral Science, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Japan. .,Department of General Medicine, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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16
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Stigler RG, Becker K, Bruschi M, Steinmüller-Nethl D, Gassner R. Impact of Nano-Crystalline Diamond Enhanced Hydrophilicity on Cell Proliferation on Machined and SLA Titanium Surfaces: An In-Vivo Study in Rodents. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8070524. [PMID: 30011802 PMCID: PMC6070785 DOI: 10.3390/nano8070524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
By coating surfaces with nano-crystalline diamond (NCD) particles, hydrophilicity can be altered via sidechain modifications without affecting surface texture. The present study aimed to assess the impact of NCD hydrophilicity on machined and rough SLA titanium discs on soft tissue integration, using a rodent model simulating submerged healing. Four different titanium discs (machined titanium = M Titanium, NCD-coated hydrophilic machined titanium = M-O-NCD, sand blasted acid etched (SLA Titanium) titanium, and hydrophilic NCD-coated SLA titanium = SLA O-NCD) were inserted in subdermal pockets of 12 Wistar rats. After one and four weeks of healing, the animals were sacrificed. Biopsies were embedded in methyl methacrylate (MMA), and processed for histology. The number of cells located within a region of interest (ROI) of 10 µm around the discs were counted and compared statistically. Signs of inflammation were evaluated descriptively employing immunohistochemistry. At one week, M-O-NCD coated titanium discs showed significantly higher amounts of cells compared to M Titanium, SLA Titanium, and SLA-O-NCD (p < 0.001). At four weeks, significant higher cell counts were noted at SLA-O-NCD surfaces (p < 0.01). Immunohistochemistry revealed decreased inflammatory responses at hydrophilic surfaces. Within the limits of an animal study, M-O-NCD surfaces seem to stimulate cell proliferation in the initial healing phase, whereas SLA-O-NCD surfaces appeared advantageous afterwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Gerhard Stigler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Kathrin Becker
- Department of Orthodontics, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Michela Bruschi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | - Robert Gassner
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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17
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Isaac J, Nassif A, Asselin A, Taïhi I, Fohrer-Ting H, Klein C, Gogly B, Berdal A, Robert B, Fournier BP. Involvement of neural crest and paraxial mesoderm in oral mucosal development and healing. Biomaterials 2018; 172:41-53. [PMID: 29715594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering therapies using adult stem cells derived from neural crest have sought accessible tissue sources of these cells because of their potential pluripotency. In this study, the gingiva and oral mucosa and their associated stem cells were investigated. Biopsies of these tissues produce neither scarring nor functional problems and are relatively painless, and fresh tissue can be obtained readily during different chairside dental procedures. However, the embryonic origin of these cells needs to be clarified, as does their evolution from the perinatal period to adulthood. In this study, the embryonic origin of gingival fibroblasts were determined, including gingival stem cells. To do this, transgenic mouse models were used to track neural crest derivatives as well as cells derived from paraxial mesoderm, spanning from embryogenesis to adulthood. These cells were compared with ones derived from abdominal dermis and facial dermis. Our results showed that gingival fibroblasts are derived from neural crest, and that paraxial mesoderm is involved in the vasculogenesis of oral tissues during development. Our in vitro studies revealed that the neuroectodermal origin of gingival fibroblasts (or gingival stem cells) endows them with multipotential properties as well as a specific migratory and contractile phenotype which may participate to the scar-free properties of the oral mucosa. Together, these results illustrate the high regenerative potential of neural crest-derived stem cells of the oral mucosa, including the gingiva, and strongly support their use in cell therapy to regenerate tissues with impaired healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Isaac
- Cordeliers Research Center, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Physiopathology, INSERM UMRS 1138, 15 rue de l'école de médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Paris-Descartes and Paris-Diderot Universities, UFR Odontology, 75006 Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, URA CNRS 2578, 25 Rue Du Docteur Roux, Paris, F-75724, France
| | - Ali Nassif
- Cordeliers Research Center, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Physiopathology, INSERM UMRS 1138, 15 rue de l'école de médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Paris-Descartes and Paris-Diderot Universities, UFR Odontology, 75006 Paris, France; AP-HP, Bretonneau Hospital, Dental Department, Paris 75018, France; Institut Pasteur, URA CNRS 2578, 25 Rue Du Docteur Roux, Paris, F-75724, France
| | - Audrey Asselin
- Cordeliers Research Center, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Physiopathology, INSERM UMRS 1138, 15 rue de l'école de médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Paris-Descartes and Paris-Diderot Universities, UFR Odontology, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Ihsène Taïhi
- Cordeliers Research Center, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Physiopathology, INSERM UMRS 1138, 15 rue de l'école de médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Paris-Descartes and Paris-Diderot Universities, UFR Odontology, 75006 Paris, France; AP-HP, Hospital Complex Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, CIC-BT-504, 94000 Creteil, France
| | - Hélène Fohrer-Ting
- Cell Imaging and Flow Cytometry Platform (CICC), Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Klein
- Cell Imaging and Flow Cytometry Platform (CICC), Center de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Gogly
- Cordeliers Research Center, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Physiopathology, INSERM UMRS 1138, 15 rue de l'école de médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Paris-Descartes and Paris-Diderot Universities, UFR Odontology, 75006 Paris, France; AP-HP, Hospital Complex Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, CIC-BT-504, 94000 Creteil, France
| | - Ariane Berdal
- Cordeliers Research Center, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Physiopathology, INSERM UMRS 1138, 15 rue de l'école de médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Paris-Descartes and Paris-Diderot Universities, UFR Odontology, 75006 Paris, France; Reference Center for Dental Rare Disease, Rothschild Hospital, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Benoît Robert
- Institut Pasteur, URA CNRS 2578, 25 Rue Du Docteur Roux, Paris, F-75724, France
| | - Benjamin P Fournier
- Cordeliers Research Center, Laboratory of Molecular Oral Physiopathology, INSERM UMRS 1138, 15 rue de l'école de médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Paris-Descartes and Paris-Diderot Universities, UFR Odontology, 75006 Paris, France; Reference Center for Dental Rare Disease, Rothschild Hospital, 75012 Paris, France.
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18
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Itaya T, Hirai T, Hirai T, Numoto H, Takeda H, Ueda M. The Use of Fibroblasts for Ameliorating Structural Changes Associated with Skin Aging. Rejuvenation Res 2017; 20:383-388. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2016.1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hideki Numoto
- Tsukiji Neurological Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
- Rajeubeau Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Minoru Ueda
- Tsukiji Neurological Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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19
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Human gingival fibroblast response to enamel matrix derivative, porcine recombinant 21.3-kDa amelogenin and 5.3-kDa tyrosine-rich amelogenin peptide. Hum Cell 2017; 30:181-191. [PMID: 28470386 PMCID: PMC5486862 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-017-0164-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) containing a variety of protein fractions has been used for periodontal tissue regeneration. It is suggested that the proteins contained in EMD positively influence gingival fibroblasts migration and proliferation. Effects of EMD as well as of porcine recombinated 21.3-kDa amelogenin (prAMEL) and 5.3-kDa tyrosine-rich amelogenin peptide (prTRAP) on human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1, ATCC; USA) cell line were investigated. Real-time cell analysis (xCELLigence system; Roche Applied Science) was performed to determine the effects of EMD, prAMEL and prTRAP (12.5–50 μg/mL) on HGF-1 cell proliferation and migration. The effect of treatment on cell cycle was determined using flow cytometry. EMD significantly increased HGF-1 cell proliferation after 24- and 48-h incubation. Individually, prAMEL and prTRAP also increased HGF-1 cell proliferation; however, the difference was significant only for prAMEL 50 µg/mL. prAMEL and TRAP significantly increased HGF-1 cell migration after 60- and 72-h incubation. Cell cycle analysis showed significant decrease of the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase and a buildup of cells in the S and M phase observed after EMD and prAMEL stimulation. This process was ligand and concentration-dependent. The various molecular components in the enamel matrix derivative might contribute to the reported effects on gingival tissue regeneration; however, biologic effects of prAMEL and prTRAP individually were different from that of EMD.
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20
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Karbiener M, Darnhofer B, Frisch MT, Rinner B, Birner-Gruenberger R, Gugatschka M. Comparative proteomics of paired vocal fold and oral mucosa fibroblasts. J Proteomics 2017; 155:11-21. [PMID: 28099887 PMCID: PMC5389448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Injuries of the vocal folds frequently heal with scar formation, which can have lifelong detrimental impact on voice quality. Current treatments to prevent or resolve scars of the vocal fold mucosa are highly unsatisfactory. In contrast, the adjacent oral mucosa is mostly resistant to scarring. These differences in healing tendency might relate to distinct properties of the fibroblasts populating oral and vocal fold mucosae. We thus established the in vitro cultivation of paired, near-primary vocal fold fibroblasts (VFF) and oral mucosa fibroblasts (OMF) to perform a basic cellular characterization and comparative cellular proteomics. VFF were significantly larger than OMF, proliferated more slowly, and exhibited a sustained TGF-β1-induced elevation of pro-fibrotic interleukin 6. Cluster analysis of the proteomic data revealed distinct protein repertoires specific for VFF and OMF. Further, VFF displayed a broader protein spectrum, particularly a more sophisticated array of factors constituting and modifying the extracellular matrix. Conversely, subsets of OMF-enriched proteins were linked to cellular proliferation, nuclear events, and protection against oxidative stress. Altogether, this study supports the notion that fibroblasts sensitively adapt to the functional peculiarities of their respective anatomical location and presents several molecular targets for further investigation in the context of vocal fold wound healing. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Mammalian vocal folds are a unique but delicate tissue. A considerable fraction of people is affected by voice problems, yet many of the underlying vocal fold pathologies are sparsely understood at the molecular level. One such pathology is vocal fold scarring - the tendency of vocal fold injuries to heal with scar formation -, which represents a clinical problem with highly suboptimal treatment modalities. This study employed proteomics to obtain comprehensive insight into the protein repertoire of vocal fold fibroblasts, which are the cells that predominantly synthesize the extracellular matrix in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Protein profiles were compared to paired fibroblasts from the oral mucosa, a neighboring tissue that is remarkably resistant to scarring. Bioinformatic analyses of the data revealed a number of pathways as well as single proteins (e.g. ECM-remodeling factors, transcription factors, enzymes) that were significantly different between the two fibroblast types. Thereby, this study has revealed novel interesting molecular targets which can be analyzed in the future for their impact on vocal fold wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karbiener
- Department of Phoniatrics, ENT University Hospital, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
| | - Barbara Darnhofer
- Research Unit, Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Austria
| | - Marie-Therese Frisch
- Core Facility Alternative Biomodels und Preclinical Imaging, Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Beate Rinner
- Core Facility Alternative Biomodels und Preclinical Imaging, Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Research Unit, Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria; Omics Center Graz, BioTechMed-Graz, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), Austria
| | - Markus Gugatschka
- Department of Phoniatrics, ENT University Hospital, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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21
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Horie M, Yamaguchi Y, Saito A, Nagase T, Lizio M, Itoh M, Kawaji H, Lassmann T, Carninci P, Forrest ARR, Hayashizaki Y, Suzutani T, Kappert K, Micke P, Ohshima M. Transcriptome analysis of periodontitis-associated fibroblasts by CAGE sequencing identified DLX5 and RUNX2 long variant as novel regulators involved in periodontitis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33666. [PMID: 27645561 PMCID: PMC5028883 DOI: 10.1038/srep33666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is affecting over half of the adult population, and represents a major public health problem. Previously, we isolated a subset of gingival fibroblasts (GFs) from periodontitis patients, designated as periodontitis-associated fibroblasts (PAFs), which were highly capable of collagen degradation. To elucidate their molecular profiles, GFs isolated form healthy and periodontitis-affected gingival tissues were analyzed by CAGE-seq and integrated with the FANTOM5 atlas. GFs from healthy gingival tissues displayed distinctive patterns of CAGE profiles as compared to fibroblasts from other organ sites and characterized by specific expression of developmentally important transcription factors such as BARX1, PAX9, LHX8, and DLX5. In addition, a novel long non-coding RNA associated with LHX8 was described. Furthermore, we identified DLX5 regulating expression of the long variant of RUNX2 transcript, which was specifically active in GFs but not in their periodontitis-affected counterparts. Knockdown of these factors in GFs resulted in altered expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. These results indicate activation of DLX5 and RUNX2 via its distal promoter represents a unique feature of GFs, and is important for ECM regulation. Down-regulation of these transcription factors in PAFs could be associated with their property to degrade collagen, which may impact on the process of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Horie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Division of Genomic Technologies (DGT), RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan.,Division of Functional Morphology Dental Research Center Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
| | - Akira Saito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Marina Lizio
- Division of Genomic Technologies (DGT), RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Omics Science Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Itoh
- Division of Genomic Technologies (DGT), RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Omics Science Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- Division of Genomic Technologies (DGT), RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Omics Science Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Timo Lassmann
- Division of Genomic Technologies (DGT), RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Omics Science Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Piero Carninci
- Division of Genomic Technologies (DGT), RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Omics Science Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Alistair R R Forrest
- Division of Genomic Technologies (DGT), RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Omics Science Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yoshihide Hayashizaki
- Omics Science Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Suzutani
- Department of Microbiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kai Kappert
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Micke
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mitsuhiro Ohshima
- Department of Biochemistry, Ohu University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Misumido 31-1, Tomitamachi, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8611, Japan
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22
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Sasaki K, Miyata H, Sasaki H, Kang S, Yuasa T, Kato R. Image-based focused counting of dividing cells for non-invasive monitoring of regenerative medicine products. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:582-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Fibroblast heterogeneity and its implications for engineering organotypic skin models in vitro. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:483-512. [PMID: 26344860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cell culture methods, multidisciplinary research, clinical need to replace lost skin tissues and regulatory need to replace animal models with alternative test methods has led to development of three dimensional models of human skin. In general, these in vitro models of skin consist of keratinocytes cultured over fibroblast-populated dermal matrices. Accumulating evidences indicate that mesenchyme-derived signals are essential for epidermal morphogenesis, homeostasis and differentiation. Various studies show that fibroblasts isolated from different tissues in the body are dynamic in nature and are morphologically and functionally heterogeneous subpopulations. Further, these differences seem to be dictated by the local biological and physical microenvironment the fibroblasts reside resulting in "positional identity or memory". Furthermore, the heterogeneity among the fibroblasts play a critical role in scarless wound healing and complete restoration of native tissue architecture in fetus and oral mucosa; and excessive scar formation in diseased states like keloids and hypertrophic scars. In this review, we summarize current concepts about the heterogeneity among fibroblasts and their role in various wound healing environments. Further, we contemplate how the insights on fibroblast heterogeneity could be applied for the development of next generation organotypic skin models.
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24
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Human Gingival Integration-Free iPSCs; a Source for MSC-Like Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:13633-48. [PMID: 26084043 PMCID: PMC4490513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160613633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a potential autologous therapy for tissue engineering. The available procedures for MSC retrieval from patients are invasive, and their limited in vitro proliferation restricts their use in the treatment of damaged tissues. Therefore, it is important to establish an alternative and safe source of MSCs. The objective of this study was to demonstrate induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation from a combination of an accessible source tissue and an integration-free method; we also attempted the differentiation of iPSCs into MSC-like cells (MSLCs) for future autologous tissue engineering. iPSCs were derived from human gingival tissues, which are easily accessible in the field of dentistry, via the use of non-integrating episomal plasmids. Established iPSCs expressed embryonic stem (ES) cell-specific markers, as assessed by gene analysis and immunocytochemistry. Embryoid bodies and teratoma formation were formed from iPSCs, showing their capacity to differentiate into three germ layers. Furthermore, we were successful in differentiating iPSCs into MSLCs. They tested positively for their capacity of trilineage differentiation. Our results demonstrate that human gingival integration-free iPSCs, readily accessible stem cells generated using episomal plasmid vectors, are a promising source of MSLCs, which can be used in tissue regeneration.
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25
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Leme DM, Primo FL, Gobo GG, da Costa CRV, Tedesco AC, de Oliveira DP. Genotoxicity assessment of reactive and disperse textile dyes using human dermal equivalent (3D cell culture system). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2015; 78:466-480. [PMID: 25785560 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.999296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of dyes are marketed daily for different purposes, including textile dyeing. However, there are several studies reporting attributing to dyes deleterious human effects such as DNA damage. Humans may be exposed to toxic dyes through either ingestion of contaminated waters or dermal contact with colored garments. With respect to dermal exposure, human skin equivalents are promising tools to assess in vitro genotoxicity of dermally applied chemicals using a three-dimensional (3D) model to mimic tissue behavior. This study investigated the sensitivity of an in-house human dermal equivalent (DE) for detecting genotoxicity of textile dyes. Two azo (reactive green 19 [RG19] and disperse red 1[DR1]) dyes and one anthraquinone (reactive blue 2 [RB2]) dye were analyzed. RG19 was genotoxic for DE in a dose-responsive manner, whereas RB2 and DR1 were nongenotoxic under the conditions tested. These findings are not in agreement with previous genotoxicological assessment of these dyes carried out using two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures, which showed that DR1 was genotoxic in human hepatoma cells (HepG2) and RG19 was nongenotoxic for normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). These discrepant results probably may be due to differences between metabolic activities of each cell type (organ-specific genotoxicity, HepG2 and fibroblasts) and the test setup systems used in each study (fibroblasts cultured at 2D and three-dimensional [3D] culture systems). Genotoxicological assessment of textile dyes in context of organ-specific genotoxicity and using in vitro models that more closely resemble in vivo tissue architecture and physiology may provide more reliable estimates of genotoxic potential of these chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Morais Leme
- a Departamento de Biologia Celular , Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) , Curitiba , Paraná , Brazil
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26
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Häkkinen L, Larjava H, Fournier BPJ. Distinct phenotype and therapeutic potential of gingival fibroblasts. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:1171-86. [PMID: 24934304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Gingiva of the oral mucosa provides a practical source to isolate fibroblasts for therapeutic purposes because the tissue is easily accessible, tissue discards are common during routine clinical procedures and wound healing after biopsy is fast and results in complete wound regeneration with very little morbidity or scarring. In addition, gingival fibroblasts have unique traits, including neural crest origin, distinct gene expression and synthetic properties and potent immunomodulatory functions. These characteristics may provide advantages for certain therapeutic approaches over other more commonly used cells, including skin fibroblasts, both in intraoral and extra-oral sites. However, identity and phenotype of gingival fibroblasts, like other fibroblasts, are still not completely understood. Gingival fibroblasts are phenotypically heterogeneous, and these…fibroblast subpopulations may play different roles in tissue maintenance, regeneration and pathologies. The purpose of this review is to summarize what is currently known about gingival fibroblasts, their distinct potential for tissue regeneration and their potential therapeutic uses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lari Häkkinen
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Hannu Larjava
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Benjamin P J Fournier
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Paris Diderot University, Dental School, Rotschild Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; UMRS872, Team 5, Molecular Oral Physiopathology, CRC Les Cordeliers, Paris, 75006, INSERM UMRS872, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
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27
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McKnight H, Kelsey WP, Hooper DA, Hart TC, Mariotti A. Proteomic Analyses of Human Gingival and Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts. J Periodontol 2014; 85:810-8. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Human gingival fibroblasts display a non-fibrotic phenotype distinct from skin fibroblasts in three-dimensional cultures. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90715. [PMID: 24608113 PMCID: PMC3946595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Scar formation following skin injury can be a major psychosocial and physiological problem. However, the mechanisms of scar formation are still not completely understood. Previous studies have shown that wound healing in oral mucosa is faster, associates with a reduced inflammatory response and results to significantly reduced scar formation compared with skin wounds. In the present study, we hypothesized that oral mucosal fibroblasts from human gingiva are inherently distinct from fibroblasts from breast and abdominal skin, two areas prone to excessive scar formation, which may contribute to the preferential wound healing outcome in gingiva. To this end, we compared the phenotype of human gingival and skin fibroblasts cultured in in vivo-like three-dimensional (3D) cultures that mimic the cells' natural extracellular matrix (ECM) niche. To establish 3D cultures, five parallel fibroblast lines from human gingiva (GFBLs) and breast skin (SFBLs) were seeded in high density, and cultured for up to 21 days in serum and ascorbic acid containing medium to induce expression of wound-healing transcriptome and ECM deposition. Cell proliferation, morphology, phenotype and expression of wound healing and scar related genes were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunocytochemical methods. The expression of a set of genes was also studied in three parallel lines of human abdominal SFBLs. Findings showed that GFBLs displayed morphologically distinct organization of the 3D cultures and proliferated faster than SFBLs. GFBLs expressed elevated levels of molecules involved in regulation of inflammation and ECM remodeling (MMPs) while SFBLs showed significantly higher expression of TGF-β signaling, ECM and myofibroblast and cell contractility-related genes. Thus, GFBLs display an inherent phenotype conducive for fast resolution of inflammation and ECM remodeling, characteristic for scar-free wound healing, while SFBLs have a profibrotic, scar-prone phenotype.
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29
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Fournier BPJ, Larjava H, Häkkinen L. Gingiva as a source of stem cells with therapeutic potential. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:3157-77. [PMID: 23944935 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal connective tissues contain phenotypically heterogeneous cells populations that include distinct fibroblast subpopulations, pericytes, myofibroblasts, fibrocytes, and tissue-specific mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These cells play key roles in tissue development, maintenance, and repair and contribute to various pathologies. Depending on the origin of tissue, connective tissue cells, including MSCs, have different phenotypes. Understanding the identity and specific functions of these distinct tissue-specific cell populations may allow researchers to develop better treatment modalities for tissue regeneration and find novel approaches to prevent pathological conditions. Interestingly, MSCs from adult oral mucosal gingiva possess distinct characteristics, including neural crest origin, multipotent differentiation capacity, fetal-like phenotype, and potent immunomodulatory properties. These characteristics and an easy, relatively noninvasive access to gingival tissue, and fast tissue regeneration after tissue biopsy make gingiva an attractive target for cell isolation for therapeutic purposes aiming to promote tissue regeneration and fast, scar-free wound healing. The purpose of this review is to discuss the identity, phenotypical heterogeneity, and function of gingival MSCs and summarize what is currently known about their properties, role in scar-free healing, and their future therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P J Fournier
- 1 Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, Canada
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30
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Glim JE, van Egmond M, Niessen FB, Everts V, Beelen RHJ. Detrimental dermal wound healing: what can we learn from the oral mucosa? Wound Repair Regen 2013; 21:648-60. [PMID: 23927738 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wounds in adults are frequently accompanied by scar formation. This scar can become fibrotic due to an imbalance between extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and ECM degradation. Oral mucosal wounds, however, heal in an accelerated fashion, displaying minimal scar formation. The exact mechanisms of scarless oral healing are yet to be revealed. This review highlights possible mechanisms involved in the difference between scar-forming dermal vs. scarless oral mucosal wound healing. Differences were found in expression of ECM components, such as procollagen I and tenascin-C. Oral wounds contained fewer immune mediators, blood vessels, and profibrotic mediators but had more bone marrow-derived cells, a higher reepithelialization rate, and faster proliferation of fibroblasts compared with dermal wounds. These results form a basis for further research that should be focused on the relations among ECM, immune cells, growth factors, and fibroblast phenotypes, as understanding scarless oral mucosal healing may ultimately lead to novel therapeutic strategies to prevent fibrotic scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Glim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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Chambers M, Kirkpatrick G, Evans M, Gorski G, Foster S, Borghaei RC. IL-4 inhibition of IL-1 induced Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) expression in human fibroblasts involves decreased AP-1 activation via negative crosstalk involving of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:1398-408. [PMID: 23608488 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) over-expression is associated with tissue destruction in the context of chronic inflammation. Previous studies showed that IL-4 inhibits induction of MMP-3 by IL-1β, and suggested that AP-1 might be involved. Here we show that IL-1 induced binding of transcription factor AP-1 to the MMP-3 promoter consists primarily of c-Jun, JunB, and c-Fos and that binding of c-Jun and c-Fos is inhibited by the combination of cytokines while binding of Jun B is not. Mutation of the AP-1 site in the MMP-3 promoter decreased the ability of IL-4 to inhibit its transcription in transfected MG-63 cells. Western blotting showed that both cytokines activate Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but with somewhat different kinetics, and that activation of JNK by both cytokines individually is inhibited by the combination. These results indicate that IL-4 inhibition of MMP-3 expression is associated with reduction of IL-1 induced binding of active forms of the AP-1 dimer, while less active JunB-containing dimers remain, and suggest that these changes are associated with decreased activation of JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah Chambers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
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32
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Sasaki H, Matsuoka F, Yamamoto W, Kojima K, Honda H, Kato R. Image-Based Cell Quality Assessment: Modeling of Cell Morphology and Quality for Clinical Cell Therapy. COMPUTATIONAL MODELING IN TISSUE ENGINEERING 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/8415_2012_132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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