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Wang HL, Sun HP, Zheng PR, Cheng RT, Liu ZW, Yuan H, Gao WY, Li H. Re-investigation of in vitro activity of acetohydroxyacid synthase I holoenzyme from Escherichia coli. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 754:109962. [PMID: 38499055 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) is one of the key enzymes of the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids, it is also an effective target for the screening of herbicides and antibiotics. In this study we present a method for preparing Escherichia coli AHAS I holoenzyme (EcAHAS I) with exceptional stability, which provides a solid ground for us to re-investigate the in vitro catalytic properties of the protein. The results show EcAHAS I synthesized in this way exhibits similar function to Bacillus subtilis acetolactate synthase in its catalysis with pyruvate and 2-ketobutyrate (2-KB) as dual-substrate, producing four 2-hydroxy-3-ketoacids including (S)-2-acetolactate, (S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate, (S)-2-propionyllactate, and (S)-2-propionyl-2-hydroxybutyrate. Quantification of the reaction indicates that the two substrates almost totally consume, and compound (S)-2-aceto-2- hydroxybutyrate forms in the highest yield among the four major products. Moreover, the protein also condenses two molecules of 2-KB to furnish (S)-2-propionyl-2-hydroxybutyrate. Further exploration manifests that EcAHAS I ligates pyruvate/2-KB and nitrosobenzene to generate two arylhydroxamic acids N-hydroxy-N-phenylacetamide and N-hydroxy-N-phenyl- propionamide. These findings enhance our comprehension of the catalytic characteristics of EcAHAS I. Furthermore, the application of this enzyme as a catalyst in construction of C-N bonds displays promising potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ling Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Hui-Peng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Pei-Rong Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Rui-Tong Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Heng Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Wen-Yun Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
| | - Heng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
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Hui X, Tian JM, Wang X, Zhang ZQ, Zhao YM, Gao WY, Li H. Overall analyses of the reactions catalyzed by acetohydroxyacid synthase/acetolactate synthase using a precolumn derivatization-HPLC method. Anal Biochem 2023; 660:114980. [PMID: 36368345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A precolumn derivatization-HPLC method using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine as respective labeling reagents for comprehensive analyses of the reactions catalyzed by acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS)/acetolactate synthase (ALS) is developed and evaluated in this research. Comparison with the classic Bauerle' UV assay which can analyze the enzymes only through measurement of acetoin production, the HPLC method shows advantages because it can analyze the enzymes not only via determination of consumption of the substrate pyruvate, but also via measurement of formation of the products including acetoin, 2,3-butanedione, and acetaldehyde in the enzymatic reactions. Thus the results deduced from the HPLC method can reflect the trait of each enzyme in a more precise manner. As far as we know, this is the first time that the reactions mediated by AHAS/ALS using pyruvate as a single substrate are globally analyzed and the features of the enzymes are properly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Hui
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems and College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Jin-Meng Tian
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems and College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Xin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems and College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Zhen-Qian Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems and College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Ya-Mei Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems and College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Wen-Yun Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems and College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
| | - Heng Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems and College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
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Catalytic Antibodies: Design, Expression, and Their Applications in Medicine. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:1514-1540. [PMID: 36222989 PMCID: PMC9554387 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic antibodies made it feasible to develop new catalysts, which had previously been the subject of research. Scientists have discovered natural antibodies that can hydrolyze substrates such as nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides during decades of research, as well as several ways of producing antibodies with specialized characteristics and catalytic functions. These antibodies are widely used in chemistry, biology, and medicine. Catalytic antibodies can continue to play a role and even fully prevent the emergence of autoimmune disorders, especially in the field of infection and immunity, where the process of its occurrence and development often takes a long time. In this work, the development, design and evolution methodologies, and the expression systems and applications of catalytic antibodies, are discussed. Trial registration: not applicable.
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Liang YF, Long ZX, Zhang YJ, Luo CY, Yan LT, Gao WY, Li H. The chemical mechanisms of the enzymes in the branched-chain amino acids biosynthetic pathway and their applications. Biochimie 2021; 184:72-87. [PMID: 33607240 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
l-Valine, l-isoleucine, and l-leucine are three key proteinogenic amino acids, and they are also the essential amino acids required for mammalian growth, possessing important and to some extent, special physiological and biological functions. Because of the branched structures in their carbon chains, they are also named as branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). This review will highlight the advance in studies of the enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of BCAAs, concentrating on their chemical mechanisms and applications in screening herbicides and antibacterial agents. The uses of some of these enzymes in lab scale organic synthesis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fei Liang
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zi-Xian Long
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ya-Jian Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Cai-Yun Luo
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Le-Tian Yan
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Wen-Yun Gao
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Heng Li
- College of Life Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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Hou X, Tan L, Tang SF. Molecular mechanism study on the interactions of cadmium (II) ions with Arabidopsis thaliana glutathione transferase Phi8. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 216:411-417. [PMID: 30925335 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of cadmium ions may result in adverse effects on plant due to the oxidative stress via destructions of antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes. As the core component of the glutathione antioxidant system, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) have been reported as biomarkers for evaluating the metal-induced oxidative damage to plants, but the potential toxicity and underlying toxic molecular mechanisms remain unknown. This article investigated the molecular interactions of cadmium ions with Arabidopsis thaliana glutathione S-transferase phi8 (AtGSTF8) by multi-spectroscopic techniques and enzyme activity measurements. The intrinsic fluorescence of AtGSTF8 was quenched statically upon the addition of cadmium ions accompanied with the complex formation and structural and conformational alterations from multiple spectroscopic measurements, resulting in deconstructed protein skeleton and microenvironmental alterations around the Tyr and Trp residues. A single binding site was predicted for AtGSTF8 towards cadmium ions and the van der Walls interactions and hydrogen bonds are the major driving forces of the interaction. In addition, the transferase activity changes of AtGSTF8 upon the addition of cadmium ions have been observed. The implementation of this work helps to clarify the mechanism of oxidative damage and antioxidant enzymes response induced by heavy metal accumulation in plant at molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Hou
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Lingling Tan
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Si-Fu Tang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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Lee YC, Chen YY, Lin JS, Chen YW, Li CC, Liang KX, Chan HH, Lin WD, Kao CH. Stereoselective synthesis of (1R, 2S)-norephedrine by recombinant whole-cell biocatalysts coupling acetohydroxyacid synthase I and ω-transaminase. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chen L, Sun P, Li Y, Yan M, Xu L, Chen K, Ouyang P. A fusion protein strategy for soluble expression of Stevia glycosyltransferase UGT76G1 in Escherichia coli. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:356. [PMID: 29038773 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0943-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The UDP-glucosyltransferase UGT76G1 from Stevia rebaudiana converts stevioside to rebaudioside A via a one-step glycosylation reaction, which increases the amount of sweet-tasting rebaudioside A and decreases the amount of stevioside that has a bitter aftertaste. This enzyme could, therefore, conceivably be used to improve the organoleptic properties of steviol glycosides and offer a cost-effective preparation of high-purity rebaudioside A. Producing soluble enzymes by overexpression is a prerequisite for large-scale biocatalysis. However, most of the UGT76G1 overexpressed in Escherichia coli is in inclusion bodies. In this study, three N-terminal fusion partners, 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphatase (CysQ), 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase (EDA) and N-utilisation substance A (NusA), were tested to improve UGT76G1 expression and solubility in E. coli. Compared with the fusion-free protein, the solubility of UGT76G1 was increased 40% by fusion with CysQ, and the glucosyltransferase activity of the crude extract was increased 82%. This successful CysQ fusion strategy could be applied to enhance the expression and solubility of other plant-derived glucosyltransferases and presumably other unrelated proteins in the popular, convenient and cost-effective E. coli host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Ping Sun
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
- Yichang Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002 China
| | - Ming Yan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Lin Xu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Kequan Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800 China
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Jia X, Liu Y, Han Y. A thermophilic cell-free cascade enzymatic reaction for acetoin synthesis from pyruvate. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4333. [PMID: 28659601 PMCID: PMC5489476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04684-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone) is an important bio-based platform chemical with wide applications. In vitro enzyme catalysed synthesis exhibits great feasibility in the production of chemicals with high purity. In the present work, a synthetic pathway involving a two-step continuous reaction was constructed in vitro for acetoin production from pyruvate at improved temperature. Thermostable candidates, acetolactate synthase (coAHASL1 and coAHASL2 from Caldicellulosiruptor owensensis OL) and α-acetolactate decarboxylase (bsALDC from Bacillus subtilis IPE5-4) were cloned, heterologously expressed, and characterized. All the enzymes showed maximum activities at 65–70 °C and pH of 6.5. Enzyme kinetics analysis showed that coAHASL1 had a higher activity but lower affinity against pyruvate than that of coAHASL2. In addition, the activities of coAHASL1 and bsALDC were promoted by Mn2+ and NADPH. The cascade enzymatic reaction was optimized by using coAHASL1 and bsALDC based on their kinetic properties. Under optimal conditions, a maximum concentration of 3.36 ± 0.26 mM acetoin was produced from 10 mM pyruvate after reaction for 24 h at 65 °C. The productivity of acetoin was 0.14 mM h−1, and the yield was 67.80% compared with the theoretical value. The results confirmed the feasibility of synthesis of acetoin from pyruvate with a cell-free enzyme catalysed system at improved temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Yejun Han
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.
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Li H, Liu N, Hui X, Gao WY. An improved enzymatic method for the preparation of (R)-phenylacetyl carbinol. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04641c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
(R)-Phenylacetyl carbinol (R-PAC) is one of the key chiral α-hydroxyketones utilized as a synthon in the synthesis of a number of pharmaceuticals having α- and β-adrenergic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems
- College of Life Sciences
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Experimental Surgery
- Tangdu Hospital
- Fourth Military Medical University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Xian Hui
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems
- College of Life Sciences
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Wen-Yun Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems
- College of Life Sciences
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
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Yadav DK, Yadav N, Yadav S, Haque S, Tuteja N. An insight into fusion technology aiding efficient recombinant protein production for functional proteomics. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 612:57-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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