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Wang CT, Sivashankari RM, Miyahara Y, Tsuge T. Polyhydroxyalkanoate Copolymer Production by Recombinant Ralstonia eutropha Strain 1F2 from Fructose or Carbon Dioxide as Sole Carbon Source. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:455. [PMID: 38790321 PMCID: PMC11117859 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11050455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Ralstonia eutropha strain H16 is a chemoautotrophic bacterium that oxidizes hydrogen and accumulates poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] [P(3HB)], a prominent polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), within its cell. R. eutropha utilizes fructose or CO2 as its sole carbon source for this process. A PHA-negative mutant of strain H16, known as R. eutropha strain PHB-4, cannot produce PHA. Strain 1F2, derived from strain PHB-4, is a leucine analog-resistant mutant. Remarkably, the recombinant 1F2 strain exhibits the capacity to synthesize 3HB-based PHA copolymers containing 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) and 3-hydroxy-4-methyvalerate (3H4MV) comonomer units from fructose or CO2. This ability is conferred by the expression of a broad substrate-specific PHA synthase and tolerance to feedback inhibition of branched amino acids. However, the total amount of comonomer units incorporated into PHA was up to around 5 mol%. In this study, strain 1F2 underwent genetic engineering to augment the comonomer supply incorporated into PHA. This enhancement involved several modifications, including the additional expression of the broad substrate-specific 3-ketothiolase gene (bktB), the heterologous expression of the 2-ketoacid decarboxylase gene (kivd), and the phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase gene (padA). Furthermore, the genome of strain 1F2 was altered through the deletion of the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene (hbdH). The introduction of bktB-kivd-padA resulted in increased 3HV incorporation, reaching 13.9 mol% from fructose and 6.4 mol% from CO2. Additionally, the hbdH deletion resulted in the production of PHA copolymers containing (S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (3H2MP). Interestingly, hbdH deletion increased the weight-average molecular weight of the PHA to over 3.0 × 106 on fructose. Thus, it demonstrates the positive effects of hbdH deletion on the copolymer composition and molecular weight of PHA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuki Miyahara
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
| | - Takeharu Tsuge
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
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Imai Y, Tominaga Y, Tanaka S, Yoshida M, Furutate S, Sato S, Koh S, Taguchi S. Modification of poly(lactate) via polymer blending with microbially produced poly[(R)-lactate-co-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] copolymers. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:130990. [PMID: 38508553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of polymer blending of microbially produced poly[(R)-lactate-co-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] copolymers (LAHB) with poly(lactate) (PLA) on their mechanical, thermal, and biodegradable properties. Blending of high lactate (LA) content and high molecular weight LAHB significantly improved the tensile elongation of PLA up to more than 250 % at optimal LAHB composition of 20-30 wt%. Temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that PLA and LAHB were immiscible but interacted with each other, as indicated by the mutual plasticization effect. Detailed morphological characterization using scanning probe microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and solid-state NMR confirmed that PLA and LAHB formed a two-phase structure with a characteristic length scale as small as 20 nm. Because of mixing in this order, the polymer blends were optically transparent. The biological oxygen demand test of the polymer blends in seawater indicated an enhancement of PLA biodegradation during biodegradation of the polymer blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Imai
- Multi-Material Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 4-205, Sakurazaka, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8560, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Tominaga
- Multi-Material Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 4-205, Sakurazaka, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-8560, Japan
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masaru Yoshida
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Sangho Koh
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Seiichi Taguchi
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
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Bhat GS, Deekshitha BK, Thivaharan V, Divyashree MS. Physicochemical cell disruption of Bacillus sp. for recovery of polyhydroxyalkanoates: future bioplastic for sustainability. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:59. [PMID: 38314316 PMCID: PMC10837410 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03913-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is known for wide applications, biocompatibility, and degradability; however, it cannot be commercialized due to conventional recovery using solvents. The present study employed mechanical cell-disruption methods, such as Pestle and mortar, sonication, and glass bead vortexing, for solvent-free extraction of PHA from Bacillus sp. Different time intervals were set for grinding (5, 10, 15 min), sonicating (1, 3 and 5 min), and vortexing (2, 5 and 8 g glass beads with 5, 10 and 15 min each) hence studying their effect on cell lysis to release PHA. Tris buffer containing phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) (20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0, 1 mM PMSF) was employed as a lysis buffer to study its action over Bacillus cells. Its presence was checked with the above methods in cell lysis. Sonicating cells for 5 min in the presence of lysis buffer achieved a maximum PHA yield of 45%. Cell lysis using lysis buffer yielded 35% PHA when vortexing with 5 g glass beads for 15 min. Grinding cells for 15 min showed a maximum yield of 34% but lacked a lysis buffer. The overall results indicated that the action of lysis buffer and physical extraction methods improved PHA yield by %. Therefore, the study sought to evaluate the feasibility of applying laboratory methods for cell disruption. These methods can showcase possible opportunities in large-scale applications. The polymer yield results were compared with standard sodium hypochlorite extraction. Confirmation of obtained polymers as polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB) was made through FTIR and 1HNMR characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Sohani Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 India
| | - B. K. Deekshitha
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 India
| | - V. Thivaharan
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 India
| | - M. S. Divyashree
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 India
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Mierzati M, Miyahara Y, Curial B, Nomura CT, Taguchi S, Abe H, Tsuge T. Tacticity Characterization of Biosynthesized Polyhydroxyalkanoates Containing ( S)- and ( R)-3-Hydroxy-2-Methylpropionate Units. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:444-454. [PMID: 38135668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), aliphatic polyesters synthesized by microorganisms, have gained considerable attention as biodegradable plastics. Recently, α-carbon-methylated PHAs have been shown to exhibit several interesting properties that differ from those of conventional PHAs, such as their crystallization behavior and material properties. This study investigated α-carbon methylated (S)- and (R)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate (3H2MP) as new repeating units. 3H2MP units were homopolymerized or copolymerized with (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) by manipulating the culture conditions of recombinant Escherichia coli LSBJ. Consequently, PHAs with 3H2MP units ranging from 5 to 100 mol % were synthesized by external addition of (R)- and (S)-enantiomers or the racemic form of 3H2MPNa. The (S)-3H2MP precursor supplemented into the culture medium was almost directly polymerized into PHA while maintaining its chirality. Therefore, a highly isotactic P(3H2MP) (R:S = 1:99) was synthesized, which displayed a melting temperature of 114-119 °C and a relatively high enthalpy of fusion (68 J/g). In contrast, in cultures supplemented with (R)-3H2MP, the precursor was racemized and polymerized into PHA, resulting in the synthesis of the amorphous polymer atactic P(3H2MP) (R:S = 40:60). However, racemization was not observed at a low concentration of the (R)-3H2MP precursor, thereby synthesizing P(3HB-co-8 mol % 3H2MP) with 100% (R)-3H2MP units. The thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the thermal degradation temperatures at 5% weight loss of P(3H2MP)s occurred at approximately 313 °C, independent of tacticity, which is substantially higher than that of P(3HB) (257 °C). This study demonstrates a new concept for controlling the physical properties of biosynthesized PHA by manipulating the polymers' tacticity using 3H2MP units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maierwufu Mierzati
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyahara
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
| | - Blanche Curial
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
| | - Christopher T Nomura
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr, Moscow, Idaho 83844-3010, United States
| | - Seiichi Taguchi
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hideki Abe
- Bioplastic Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takeharu Tsuge
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
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Oxidation of methionine-derived 2-hydroxyalkanoate unit in biosynthesized polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymers. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:840-847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Censi V, Saiano F, Bongiorno D, Indelicato S, Napoli A, Piazzese D. Bioplastics: A new analytical challenge. Front Chem 2022; 10:971792. [PMID: 36212056 PMCID: PMC9538493 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.971792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though petroleum-based plastics are advantageous in complying with the performance requirements in many applications, these are related, throughout their life cycle, to several environmental problems, including greenhouse gas emissions and persistence in marine and terrestrial environments. Therefore, the preservation of natural resources and climate change is considered worldwide, the main reason for which is necessary to reduce consumption and dependence on fossil-based materials. Biopolymers (PLA, PHAs, etc.) are examples of plastics whose use is grown exponentially over the years because of the improvements of their physical and mechanical properties using additives of various nature and depending on the scope of application. This review aims to discuss various ways of biopolymer degradation, to evaluate if they represent a new Frontier in eco-sustainability or rather a re-proposal of old problems. Related to this topic, we also have focussed our attention on the different methods for the quantitative analysis of bioplastics, or their degradation by-products, comparing and evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of each technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Censi
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Filippo Saiano
- Department Agricultural Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - David Bongiorno
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Indelicato
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Napoli
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Daniela Piazzese
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Daniela Piazzese,
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7
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Mastropetros SG, Pispas K, Zagklis D, Ali SS, Kornaros M. Biopolymers production from microalgae and cyanobacteria cultivated in wastewater: Recent advances. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:107999. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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8
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Ceneviva LVS, Mierzati M, Miyahara Y, Nomura CT, Taguchi S, Abe H, Tsuge T. Poly(3-mercapto-2-methylpropionate), a Novel α-Methylated Bio-Polythioester with Rubber-like Elasticity, and Its Copolymer with 3-hydroxybutyrate: Biosynthesis and Characterization. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9050228. [PMID: 35621506 PMCID: PMC9137767 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9050228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A new polythioester (PTE), poly(3-mercapto-2-methylpropionate) [P(3M2MP)], and its copolymer with 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) were successfully biosynthesized from 3-mercapto-2-methylpropionic acid as a structurally-related precursor. This is the fourth PTE of biological origin and the first to be α-methylated. P(3M2MP) was biosynthesized using an engineered Escherichia coli LSBJ, which has a high molecular weight, amorphous structure, and elastomeric properties, reaching 2600% elongation at break. P(3HB-co-3M2MP) copolymers were synthesized by expressing 3HB-supplying enzymes. The copolymers were produced with high content in the cells and showed a high 3M2MP unit incorporation of up to 77.2 wt% and 54.8 mol%, respectively. As the 3M2MP fraction in the copolymer increased, the molecular weight decreased and the polymers became softer, more flexible, and less crystalline, with lower glass transition temperatures and higher elongations at break. The properties of this PTE were distinct from those of previously biosynthesized PTEs, indicating that the range of material properties can be further expanded by introducing α-methylated thioester monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Vinicius Santini Ceneviva
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan; (L.V.S.C.); (M.M.); (Y.M.)
| | - Maierwufu Mierzati
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan; (L.V.S.C.); (M.M.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yuki Miyahara
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan; (L.V.S.C.); (M.M.); (Y.M.)
| | - Christopher T. Nomura
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr., Moscow, ID 83844-3010, USA;
| | - Seiichi Taguchi
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;
| | - Hideki Abe
- Bioplastic Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
| | - Takeharu Tsuge
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan; (L.V.S.C.); (M.M.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Novackova I, Kourilova X, Mrazova K, Sedlacek P, Kalina M, Krzyzanek V, Koller M, Obruca S. Combination of Hypotonic Lysis and Application of Detergent for Isolation of Polyhydroxyalkanoates from Extremophiles. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091761. [PMID: 35566928 PMCID: PMC9104112 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), microbial biopolyesters, employing extremophilic microorganisms is a very promising concept relying on robustness of such organisms against microbial contamination, which provides numerous economic and technological benefits. In this work, we took advantage of the natural susceptibility of halophilic and thermophilic PHA producers to hypotonic lysis and we developed a simple and robust approach enabling effective isolation of PHA materials from microbial cells. The method is based on the exposition of microbial cells to hypotonic conditions induced by the diluted solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at elevated temperatures. Such conditions lead to disruption of the cells and release of PHA granules. Moreover, SDS, apart from its cell-disruptive function, also solubilizes hydrophobic components, which would otherwise contaminate PHA materials. The purity of obtained materials, as well as the yields of recovery, reach high values (values of purity higher than 99 wt.%, yields close to 1). Furthermore, we also focused on the removal of SDS from wastewater. The simple, inexpensive, and safe technique is based on the precipitation of SDS in the presence of KCl. The precipitate can be simply removed by decantation or centrifugation. Moreover, there is also the possibility to regenerate the SDS, which would substantially improve the economic feasibility of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Novackova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (I.N.); (X.K.); (P.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Xenie Kourilova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (I.N.); (X.K.); (P.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Katerina Mrazova
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (V.K.)
| | - Petr Sedlacek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (I.N.); (X.K.); (P.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Michal Kalina
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (I.N.); (X.K.); (P.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Vladislav Krzyzanek
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Kralovopolska 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (V.K.)
| | - Martin Koller
- Research Management and Service, c/o Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/IV, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- ARENA—Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Ressourcenschonende & Nachhaltige Technologien, Inffeldgasse 21b, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stanislav Obruca
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (I.N.); (X.K.); (P.S.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-541-149-354
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Arikawa H, Sato S. Impact of various β-ketothiolase genes on PHBHHx production in Cupriavidus necator H16 derivatives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3021-3032. [PMID: 35451630 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate] (PHBHHx) is a type of biopolyester of the polyhydroxyalkanoate group (PHA). Due to a wide range of properties resulting from the alteration of the (R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx) composition, PHBHHx is getting a lot of attention as a substitute to conventional plastic materials for various applications. Cupriavidus necator H16 is the most promising PHA producer and has been genetically engineered to produce PHBHHx efficiently for many years. Nevertheless, the role of individual genes involved in PHBHHx biosynthesis is not well elaborated. C. necator H16 possesses six potential physiologically active β-ketothiolase genes identified by transcriptome analysis, i.e., phaA, bktB, bktC (h16_A0170), h16_A0462, h16_A1528, and h16_B0759. In this study, we focused on the functionality of these genes in vivo in relation to 3HHx monomer supply. Gene deletion experiments identified BktB and H16_A1528 as important β-ketothiolases for C6 metabolism in β-oxidation. Furthermore, in the bktB/h16_A1528 double-deletion strain, the proportion of 3HHx composition of PHBHHx produced from sugar was very low, whereas that from plant oil was significantly higher. In fact, the proportion reached 36.2 mol% with overexpression of (R)-specifc enoyl-CoA hydratase (PhaJ) and PHA synthase. Furthermore, we demonstrated high-density production (196 g/L) of PHBHHx with high 3HHx (32.5 mol%) by fed-batch fermentation with palm kernel oil. The PHBHHx was amorphous according to the differential scanning calorimetry analysis. KEY POINTS: • Role of six β-ketothiolases in PHBHHx biosynthesis was investigated in vivo. • Double-deletion of bktB/h16_A1528 results in high 3HHx composition with plant oil. • Amorphous PHBHHx with 32.5 mol% 3HHx was produced in high density by jar fermenter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Arikawa
- Green Planet Research Group, Agri-Bio & Supplement Research Laboratories, KANEKA CORPORATION, 1-8 Miyamae-Cho, Takasago-Cho, Takasago, Hyogo, 676-8688, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Sato
- Green Planet Research Group, Agri-Bio & Supplement Research Laboratories, KANEKA CORPORATION, 1-8 Miyamae-Cho, Takasago-Cho, Takasago, Hyogo, 676-8688, Japan
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11
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Cao DQ, Tian F, Wang X, Zhang WY, Hao XD, Wang QH. Recovery of polymeric substances from excess sludge: Surfactant-enhanced ultrasonic extraction and properties analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131181. [PMID: 34146882 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The recovery of polymeric substances from excess sludge is gaining significant research interest in future wastewater treatment technologies. We present a surfactant-enhanced ultrasonic method to extract mixed polymeric substances with typical functional groups from excess sludge. Four potential reasons were revealed for the higher efficiency upon ultrasonication with surfactant: low surface tension, damage of non-covalent bonds between extracellular polymeric substances and cells, enhanced dissolution of polymeric substances, and release of intracellular polymeric substances caused by cell lysis. The increase in extraction efficiency after the addition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl sulfate reached the maximum of 76.5% and 53.1%, respectively. The contents of polysaccharides, proteins, and DNA were approximately 50% of the total polymeric substances, and the content of protein was higher than that of polysaccharide; the concentration change of the surfactant had a minimal effect on these contents. For the polymeric substances extracted via ultrasonication with surfactant, the size was smaller than that for the non-surfactant extraction; moreover, the contents of metals decreased significantly (Al: 0.18% → 0%; Na: 0.15% → 0%; Ca: 0.24% → 0.11%), which was probably caused by the interaction between the surfactant and metal ions in the excess sludge. The surfactant had a negligible effect on the properties of polymeric substances, adsorption capacity of polymeric substances for heavy metal ions, and dewatering performance of sludge. The recycled polymeric substances may be used as a substitute for commercial adsorbents of heavy metal ions. Thus, the obtained results provide further insight into the recovery of polymeric substances from excess sludge via the surfactant-enhanced ultrasonic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Qi Cao
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies, Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Feng Tian
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies, Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies, Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Wen-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Xiao-Di Hao
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies, Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Qun-Hui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
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12
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Lhamo P, Behera SK, Mahanty B. Process optimization, metabolic engineering interventions and commercialization of microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates production - A state-of-the art review. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2100136. [PMID: 34132046 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) produced using renewable resources could be the best alternative for conventional plastics. Despite their incredible potential, commercial production of PHAs remains very low. Nevertheless, sincere attempts have been made by researchers to improve the yield and economic viability of PHA production by utilizing low-cost agricultural or industrial wastes. In this context, the use of efficient microbial culture or consortia, adoption of experimental design to trace ideal growth conditions, nutritional requirements, and intervention of metabolic engineering tools have gained significant attention. This review has been structured to highlight the important microbial sources for PHA production, use of conventional and non-conventional substrates, product optimization using experimental design, metabolic engineering strategies, and global players in the commercialization of PHA in the past two decades. The challenges about PHA recovery and analysis have also been discussed which possess indirect hurdle while expanding the horizon of PHA-based bioplastics. Selection of appropriate microorganism and substrate plays a vital role in improving the productivity and characteristics of PHAs. Experimental design-based bioprocess, use of metabolic engineering tools, and optimal product recovery techniques are invaluable in this dimension. Optimization strategies, which are being explored in isolation, need to be logically integrated for the successful commercialization of microbial PHAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pema Lhamo
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shishir Kumar Behera
- Industrial Ecology Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Biswanath Mahanty
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Amadu AA, Qiu S, Ge S, Addico GND, Ameka GK, Yu Z, Xia W, Abbew AW, Shao D, Champagne P, Wang S. A review of biopolymer (Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate) synthesis in microbes cultivated on wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143729. [PMID: 33310224 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The large quantities of non-degradable single use plastics, production and disposal, in addition to increasing amounts of municipal and industrial wastewaters are among the major global issues known today. Biodegradable plastics from biopolymers such as Poly-β-hydroxybutyrates (PHB) produced by microorganisms are potential substitutes for non-degradable petroleum-based plastics. This paper reviews the current status of wastewater-cultivated microbes utilized in PHB production, including the various types of wastewaters suitable for either pure or mixed culture PHB production. PHB-producing strains that have the potential for commercialization are also highlighted with proposed selection criteria for choosing the appropriate PHB microbe for optimization of processes. The biosynthetic pathways involved in producing microbial PHB are also discussed to highlight the advancements in genetic engineering techniques. Additionally, the paper outlines the factors influencing PHB production while exploring other metabolic pathways and metabolites simultaneously produced along with PHB in a bio-refinery context. Furthermore, the paper explores the effects of extraction methods on PHB yield and quality to ultimately facilitate the commercial production of biodegradable plastics. This review uniquely discusses the developments in research on microbial biopolymers, specifically PHB and also gives an overview of current commercial PHB companies making strides in cutting down plastic pollution and greenhouse gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Algade Amadu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Shijian Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
| | - Gloria Naa Dzama Addico
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) - Water Research Institute (WRI), P.O. Box AH 38, Achimota Greater Accra, Ghana
| | - Gabriel Komla Ameka
- Department of Botany, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG55, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ziwei Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Wenhao Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Abdul-Wahab Abbew
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Dadong Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiao Ling Wei 200, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Pascale Champagne
- Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sufeng Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, PR China
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14
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Polyhydroxyalkanoate and its efficient production: an eco-friendly approach towards development. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:549. [PMID: 33269183 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02550-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is the most promising solution to major ecological problem of plastic accumulation. The biodegradable and biocompatible properties of PHA make it highly demanding in the biomedical and agricultural field. The limited market share of PHA industries despite having tremendous demand as concerned with environment has led to knock the doors of scientific research for finding ways for the economic production of PHA. Therefore, new methods of its production have been applied such as using a wide variety of feedstock like organic wastes and modifying PHA synthesizing enzyme at molecular level. Modifying metabolic pathways for PHA production using new emerging techniques like CRISPR/Cas9 technology has simplified the process spending less amount of time. Using green solvents under pressurized conditions, ionic liquids, supercritical solvents, hypotonic cell disintegration for release of PHA granules, switchable anionic surfactants and even digestion of non-PHA biomass by animals are some novel strategies for PHA recovery which play an important role in sustainable production of PHA. Hence, this review provides a view of recent applications, significance of PHA and new methods used for its production which are missing in the available literature.
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Pati S, Maity S, Dash A, Jema S, Mohapatra S, Das S, Samantaray DP. Biocompatible PHB Production from Bacillus Species Under Submerged and Solid-State Fermentation and Extraction Through Different Downstream Processing. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:1203-1209. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-01922-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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16
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Mohapatra S, Pattnaik S, Maity S, Mohapatra S, Sharma S, Akhtar J, Pati S, Samantaray DP, Varma A. Comparative analysis of PHAs production by Bacillus megaterium OUAT 016 under submerged and solid-state fermentation. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:1242-1250. [PMID: 32346331 PMCID: PMC7182993 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of risk coupled with synthetic polymer waste, there is an imperative need to explore biodegradable polymer. On account of that, six PHAs producing bacteria were isolated from mangrove forest and affilated to the genera Bacillus & Pseudomonas from morpho-physiological characterizations. Among which the potent PHAs producer was identified as Bacillus megaterium OUAT 016 by 16S rDNA sequencing and in-silico analysis. This research addressed a comparative account on PHAs production by submerged and solid-state fermentation pertaining to different downstream processing. Here, we established higher PHAs production by solid-state fermentation through sonication and mono-solvent extraction. Using modified MSM media under optimized conditions, 49.5% & 57.7% of PHAs were produced in submerged and 34.1% & 62.0% in solid-state fermentation process. Extracted PHAs was identified as a valuable polymer PHB-co-PHV and its crystallinity & thermostability nature was validated by FTIR, 1H NMR and XRD. The melting (Tm) and thermal degradation temperature (Td) of PHB-co-PHV was 166 °C and 273 °C as depicted from DTA. Moreover, FE-SEM and SPM surface imaging indicated biodegradable nature, while FACS assay confirmed cytocompatibility of PHB-co-PHV.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mohapatra
- Department of Microbial Technology, Amity University Utter Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - S Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - S Maity
- University Innovation Cluster Biotechnology, University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India
| | - S Mohapatra
- Department of Economics, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - J Akhtar
- IMGENEX India Private Limited, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - S Pati
- Department of Microbiology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - D P Samantaray
- Department of Microbiology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ajit Varma
- Department of Microbial Technology, Amity University Utter Pradesh, Noida, India
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Pakalapati H, Chang CK, Show PL, Arumugasamy SK, Lan JCW. Development of polyhydroxyalkanoates production from waste feedstocks and applications. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:282-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Takahashi RYU, Castilho NAS, Silva MACD, Miotto MC, Lima AODS. Prospecting for Marine Bacteria for Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production on Low-Cost Substrates. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:bioengineering4030060. [PMID: 28952539 PMCID: PMC5615306 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a class of biopolymers with numerous applications, but the high cost of production has prevented their use. To reduce this cost, there is a prospect for strains with a high PHA production and the ability to grow in low-cost by-products. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate marine bacteria capable of producing PHA. Using Nile red, 30 organisms among 155 were identified as PHA producers in the medium containing starch, and 27, 33, 22 and 10 strains were found to be positive in media supplemented with carboxymethyl cellulose, glycerol, glucose and Tween 80, respectively. Among the organisms studied, two isolates, LAMA 677 and LAMA 685, showed strong potential to produce PHA with the use of glycerol as the carbon source, and were selected for further studies. In the experiment used to characterize the growth kinetics, LAMA 677 presented a higher maximum specific growth rate (µmax = 0.087 h−1) than LAMA 685 (µmax = 0.049 h−1). LAMA 677 also reached a D-3-hydroxybutyrate (P(3HB)) content of 78.63% (dry biomass), which was 3.5 times higher than that of LAMA 685. In the assay of the production of P(3HB) from low-cost substrates (seawater and biodiesel waste glycerol), LAMA 677 reached a polymer content of 31.7%, while LAMA 685 reached 53.6%. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the selected marine strains have the potential to produce PHA, and seawater and waste glycerol may be alternative substrates for the production of this polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Yoji Uwamori Takahashi
- Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas da Terra e do Mar, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, R. Uruguai 458, Itajaí-SC 88302-202, Brazil.
| | | | - Marcus Adonai Castro da Silva
- Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas da Terra e do Mar, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, R. Uruguai 458, Itajaí-SC 88302-202, Brazil.
| | - Maria Cecilia Miotto
- Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas da Terra e do Mar, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, R. Uruguai 458, Itajaí-SC 88302-202, Brazil.
| | - André Oliveira de Souza Lima
- Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas da Terra e do Mar, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, R. Uruguai 458, Itajaí-SC 88302-202, Brazil.
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