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Daroodi Z, Taheri P. The genus Acrophialophora: History, phylogeny, morphology, beneficial effects and pathogenicity. Fungal Genet Biol 2024; 171:103875. [PMID: 38367800 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The genus Acrophialophora is a thermotolerant fungus, which is widely distributed in temperate and tropical zones. This fungus is classified in Ascomycota and belongs to the Chaetomiaceae family and the genera of Parathielavia, Pseudothielavia and Hyalosphaerella are closely related to Acrophialophora. For this genus have been reported 28 species so far, which two species of Acrophialophora jodhpurensis and Acrophialophora teleoafricana produce only sexual phase and other species produce asexual form. Therefore, producing both sexual and asexual forms were not reported by any species. Many applications were reported by some species in agriculture, pharmacy and industry. Production of enzymes, antimicrobial metabolites and plant growth-promoting factors were reported by some species. The species of A. nainiana is used in the industries of textile, fruit juice, pulp and paper due to extracellular enzyme production. Also, other species produce extracellular enzymes that can be used in various industries. The species Acrophialophora are used in the composting industry due to the production of various enzymes and to be thermotolerant. In addition, some species were isolated from hostile environmental conditions. Therefore has been suggested that it can be used for mycoremediation. Also, antimicrobial metabolites of Acrophialophora have been reported to be effective against human and plant pathogens. In contrast to the beneficial effects described, the Acrophialophora pathogenicity has been rarely reported. Two species A. fusispora and A. levis are opportunistic fungi and have been reported as pathogens in humans, animals and plants. Currently, the development and applications of Acrophialophora species have increased more than past. To our knowledge, there is no report with comprehensive information on the species of Acrophialophora, which include their disadvantage and beneficial effects, particularly in agriculture. Therefore, it seems necessary to pay more in-depth attention to the application of this genus as a beneficial fungus in agriculture, pharmaceutical and industry. This review is focused on the history, phylogeny, morphology, valuable roles of Acrophialophora and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoha Daroodi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parissa Taheri
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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Production and Purification of Pectinase from Bacillus subtilis 15A-B92 and Its Biotechnological Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134195. [PMID: 35807437 PMCID: PMC9268039 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes that degrade pectin are called pectinases. Pectinases of microbial origin are used in juice clarification as the process is cost-effective. This study screened a pectinase-producing bacterium isolated from soil and identified as Bacillus subtilis 15A B-92 based on the 16S rRNA molecular technique. The purified pectinase from the isolate showed 99.6 U/mg specific activity and 11.6-fold purity. The molecular weight of the purified bacterial pectinase was 14.41 ± 1 kD. Optimum pectinase activity was found at pH 4.5 and 50 °C, and the enzyme was 100% stable for 3.5 h in these conditions. No enzymatic inhibition or activation effect was seen with Fe2+, Ca2+, or Mg2+. However, a slight inhibition was seen with Cu2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+. Tween 20 and 80 slightly inhibited the pectinase, whereas iodoacetic acid (IAA), ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), urea, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) showed potent inhibition. The bacterial pectinase degraded citrus pectin (100%); however, it was inactive in the presence of galactose. With citrus pectin as the substrate, the Km and Vmax were calculated as 1.72 mg/mL and 1609 U/g, respectively. The high affinity of pectinase for its substrate makes the process cost-effective when utilized in food industries. The obtained pectinase was able to clarify orange and apple juices, justifying its application in the food industry.
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Ali NS, Syafiq TM, Saad MM. Induction of Hydrolytic Enzymes: A Criterion for Biological Control Candidates against Fungal Pathogen. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04805-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Agrawal S, Nandeibam J, Sarangthem I. Ultrastructural changes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) induced by metabolites of thermophilous fungi Acrophialophora levis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258607. [PMID: 34648570 PMCID: PMC8516270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) remains one of the major concerns of healthcare associated and community-onset infections worldwide. The number of cases of treatment failure for infections associated with resistant bacteria is on the rise, due to the decreasing efficacy of current antibiotics. Notably, Acrophialophora levis, a thermophilous fungus species, showed antibacterial activity, namely against S. aureus and clinical MRSA strains. The ethyl acetate extract of culture filtrate was found to display significant activity against S. aureus and MRSA with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1 μg/mL and 4 μg/mL, respectively. Scanning electron micrographs demonstrated drastic changes in the cellular architecture of metabolite treated cells of S. aureus and an MRSA clinical isolate. Cell wall disruption, membrane lysis and probable leakage of cytoplasmic are hallmarks of the antibacterial effect of fungal metabolites against MRSA. The ethyl acetate extract also showed strong antioxidant activity using two different complementary free radicals scavenging methods, DPPH and ABTS with efficiency of 55% and 47% at 1 mg/mL, respectively. The total phenolic and flavonoid content was found to be 50 mg/GAE and 20 mg/CAE, respectively. More than ten metabolites from different classes were identified: phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, sesquiterpenes, tannins, lignans and flavonoids. In conclusion, the significant antibacterial activity renders this fungal strain as a bioresource for natural compounds an interesting alternative against resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivankar Agrawal
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Delhi, India
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, A National Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal, Manipur, India
- * E-mail: (SA); (IS)
| | - Jusna Nandeibam
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, A National Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Indira Sarangthem
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, A National Institute of Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Imphal, Manipur, India
- * E-mail: (SA); (IS)
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Suhaimi H, Dailin DJ, Malek RA, Hanapi SZ, Ambehabati KK, Keat HC, Prakasham S, Elsayed EA, Misson M, El Enshasy H. Fungal Pectinases: Production and Applications in Food Industries. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64406-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Sharma DC, Satyanarayana T. Thermostable and alkalistable exopolygalacturonase of Bacillus pumilus dcsr1: Characteristics and applicability. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3340-3348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Purification and identification of novel alkaline pectinase PNs31 from Bacillus subtilis CBS31 and its immobilization for bioindustrial applications. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-020-0648-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Vaz RP, Vici AC, Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli MDL, Magalhães PO, Filho EXF. Immobilization studies of a pectinase produced by Aspergillus terreus. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 68:197-208. [PMID: 32770865 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus terreus can produce different holocellulose-degrading enzymes when grown in sugarcane bagasse, with predominant pectinase activity. Thus, pectinase was selected for purification and immobilization studies. Ion exchange and molecular exclusion chromatography studies were performed, after which it was possible to semipurify the enzyme with a yield of 80%. The crude extract pectinase (PECEB) and the partially purified enzyme (PEC2) were immobilized on monoamino-N-aminoethyl (MANAE)-agarose with pectinase activity yields of 66% and 98%, respectively. After immobilization in MANAE-agarose, the pectinase showed higher activity at acidic pH (pH 4.0) when compared to the nonimmobilized enzyme. It was also found that after the immobilization process, there was a threefold improvement in the enzyme's thermostability. Also, it was possible to reuse the immobilized enzyme for up to five cycles of hydrolysis with effective production of reducing sugars (0.196 mg/g of substrate). The industrial application test revealed a significant decrease in the viscosity of guava juice when the immobilized enzyme was used. PECEB, immobilized on MANAE-agarose, was the enzyme sample that generated the highest pulp viscosity reduction (approximately 47%). Although additional studies are needed for practical industrial application, the results obtained herein reveal the potential of application of immobilized pectinase in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raissa Pieroni Vaz
- Laboratory of Enzymology, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Vici
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Production, thermodynamic characterization, and fruit juice quality improvement characteristics of an Exo-polygalacturonase from Penicillium janczewskii. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Zhang G, Li S, Xu Y, Wang J, Wang F, Xin Y, Shen Z, Zhang H, Ma M, Liu H. Production of alkaline pectinase: a case study investigating the use of tobacco stalk with the newly isolated strain Bacillus tequilensis CAS-MEI-2-33. BMC Biotechnol 2019; 19:45. [PMID: 31299949 PMCID: PMC6624900 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-019-0526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco stalk (TS), a major agricultural waste abundant in pectin, has resulted in concerns about the need for its reuse. The nicotine in TS is considered a chemical that is to\xic and hazardous to the environment. RESULTS In this study, Bacillus tequilensis CAS-MEI-2-33 was isolated from cigar wrappers to produce alkaline pectinase using TS. Subsequently, the medium and fermentation conditions for the production of pectinase by B. tequilensis CAS-MEI-2-33 were optimized. The optimal fermentation period, pH of the initial fermentation medium, concentration of TS, and inoculum amount for B. tequilensis CAS-MEI-2-33 were 40 h, 40 g/L, 7.0, and 3%, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the pectinase activity was 1370 U/mL. Then, the enzymatic properties, such as the optimum pH, reaction temperature, temperature stability, and effects of metal ions, were studied. The optimal pH was determined to be 10.0, indicating that the enzyme was an alkaline pectinase. The optimal temperature was 40 °C, and pectinase activity was stable at 40 °C. The Ag+ metal ions were shown to remarkably promote enzyme activity. The pectinase was partly purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, and Sephacryl S-100 chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and LC-MS/MS analyses were utilized to analyze the pectinase. CONCLUSIONS This study provided a new alkaline pectinase candidate and a new strategy for the use of TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 People’s Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 People’s Republic of China
- Haikou Cigar Research Institute, Hainan Provincial Branch of CNTC, Haikou, 571100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shugui Li
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingbo Xu
- Research and Development Center, China Tobacco Anhui Industrial Co., Ltd., Hefei, 230088 People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Haikou Cigar Research Institute, Hainan Provincial Branch of CNTC, Haikou, 571100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Xin
- Haikou Cigar Research Institute, Hainan Provincial Branch of CNTC, Haikou, 571100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong Shen
- Haikou Cigar Research Institute, Hainan Provincial Branch of CNTC, Haikou, 571100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Ma
- China Tobacco Standardization Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haobao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101 People’s Republic of China
- Haikou Cigar Research Institute, Hainan Provincial Branch of CNTC, Haikou, 571100 People’s Republic of China
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Bibi Z, Nawaz MA, Irum-Us-Salam, Waqas M, Aman A, Qader SAU. Significance of metal ions, solvents and surfactants to improve the xylan degrading behavior of β-1,4-D-xylanohydrolase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus KIBGE-IB29. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pili J, Vargas CEB, Oro CED, Toniazzo Backes G, Valduga E, Zeni J. Synthesis of Pectin Methylesterase from Aspergillus niger in Submerged Fermentation Using as Citrus Pectin and Orange Peel as Inducers. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2018. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2018.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonaina Pili
- Department of Food Engineering, URI Erechim, Erechim, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Eunice Valduga
- Department of Food Engineering, URI Erechim, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Jamile Zeni
- Department of Food Engineering, URI Erechim, Erechim, Brazil
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Shanmugavel M, Vasantharaj S, Yazhmozhi A, Bhavsar P, Aswin P, Felshia C, Mani U, Ranganathan B, Gnanamani A. A study on pectinases from Aspergillus tamarii: Toward greener approach for cotton bioscouring and phytopigments processing. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Poondla V, Chikati R, Kallubai M, Chennupati V, Subramanyam R, Obulam VSR. Characterization and molecular modeling of polygalacturonase isoforms from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:285. [PMID: 28828292 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier, low-temperature-active polygalacturonase isoforms from Saccharomyces cerevisiae PVK4 were isolated and purified. Substrate specificity of polygalacturonase isoforms indicated high affinity for pectins and very low enzyme activity towards non-pectic polysaccharides. To characterize the polygalacturonase isoforms, biochemical, spectral, and in silico approaches were used. The apparent Km and Vmax values for hydrolysis of pectin and galacturonic acid were 0.31 mg/ml and 3.15 mmol min/mg, respectively. Interestingly, the polygalacturonase isoforms were found to be more stable at optimal pH and temperature of 4.5 and 40 °C, respectively. These isoforms were reacted with different metal ions; Cd2+ and Ni2+ severely inhibited the enzyme activity, while Mg2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Fe2+ Cu2+, and Ni2+ inhibited to a lesser extent, which clearly demonstrated that variations in enzyme activity were due to their differential binding affinity of metal ions. Furthermore, decrease in the viscosity of polygalacturonic acid and citrus pectin by these isoforms was approximately four and six times higher than the rate of release of reducing sugars. This indicates that polygalacturonase isoforms have an endo-mode of action. In addition to the above, thermostability of purified polygalacturonase isoforms was studied by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. Circular dichroism showed 18% alpha helix and 57% beta sheets at pH 5, while at pH 7, 8, and 9 there was an increase of random coil. Fluorescence studies revealed small conformational changes, which were observed at 30-50 °C, while unfolding transition region was noticed between 60 and 70 °C. The purified enzyme fractions were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Finally, 3D model structures for isoenzymes of polygalacturonase of S. cerevisiae were generated and validated as good quality models, which are also suitable for molecular interaction studies.
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Characterization of Pectinase from Bacillus subtilis Strain Btk 27 and Its Potential Application in Removal of Mucilage from Coffee Beans. Enzyme Res 2017; 2017:7686904. [PMID: 29085675 PMCID: PMC5612314 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7686904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for enzymes in the global market is projected to rise at a fast pace in recent years. There has been a great increase in industrial applications of pectinase owing to their significant biotechnological uses. For applying enzymes at industrial scale primary it is important to know the features of the enzyme. Thus, this study was undertaken with aims of characterizing the pectinase enzyme from Bacillus subtilis strain Btk27 and proving its potential application in demucilisation of coffee. In this study, the maximum pectinase activity was achieved at pH 7.5 and 50°C. Also, the enzyme activity was found stimulated with Mg2+ and Ca2+ metal ions. Moreover, it was stable on EDTA, Trixton-100, Tween 80, and Tween 20. Since Bacillus subtilis strain Btk27 was stable in most surfactants and inhibitors it could be applicable in various industries whenever pectin degradation is needed. The enzyme Km and Vmax values were identified as 1.879 mg/ml and 149.6 U, respectively. The potential application of the enzyme for coffee processing was studied, and it is found that complete removal of mucilage from coffee beans within 24 hours of treatment indicates the potential application in coffee processing.
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Zhang J, Zhao L, Gao B, Wei W, Wang H, Xie J. Protopectinase production byPaenibacillus polymyxaZ6 and its application in pectin extraction from apple pomace. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Hualei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
| | - Jingli Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; East China University of Science and Technology; Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing (SCICB); Shanghai 200237 People's Republic of China
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Amin F, Bhatti HN, Bilal M, Asgher M. Purification, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Characteristics of an Exo-polygalacturonase from Penicillium notatum with Industrial Perspective. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:426-443. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Demir H, Tari C. Effect of physicochemical parameters on the polygalacturonase of an Aspergillus sojae mutant using wheat bran, an agro-industrial waste, via solid-state fermentation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:3575-3582. [PMID: 26604188 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygalacturonases (PGs) are valuable enzymes of the food industry; therefore it is of great importance to discover new and GRAS PG-producing microbial strains. In this study, PG enzyme produced from a high PG activity producer mutant Aspergillus sojae using wheat bran at the flask scale under pre-optimized conditions of solid-state fermentation (SSF) was biochemically characterized. RESULTS The crude PG enzyme showed optimum activity in the pH range 4.0-5.0 and was stable in the pH range 3.0-7.0. The optimum temperature for the PG was 40 °C and it retained 99% of its activity at 50 °C. The mutant A. sojae PG could preserve more than 50% of its stability between 25 and 50 °C, both for 30 and 60 min, and was found to be stable in the presence of most of the tested compounds and metal ions. The inactivation energy (Ed ) was determined as 125.3 kJ mol(-1) . The enthalpy (ΔH*), free energy (ΔG*) and entropy (ΔS*) of inactivation were found to be stable with increasing temperature. CONCLUSION The mutant A. sojae PG could be suitable for the clarification (depectinization) of orange and grape juices and wine. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Demir
- Department of Food Engineering, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, TR-80000, Osmaniye, Turkey
| | - Canan Tari
- Department of Food Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gulbahce Campus, TR-35430, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
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Jaramillo PMD, Andreaus J, Neto GPDS, Castro CFDS, Filho EXF. The characterization of a pectin-degrading enzyme fromAspergillus oryzaegrown on passion fruit peel as the carbon source and the evaluation of its potential for industrial applications. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2016. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2016.1168817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Adalberto PR, Golfeto CC, Moreira AC, Almeida FG, Ferreira D, Cass QB, Souza DHF. Characterization of an Exopolygalacturonase from <i>Leucoagaricus gongylophorus</i>, the Symbiotic Fungus of <i>Atta sexdens</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/aer.2016.41002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lakhanpal A, Devi A, Gupta R. Purification of Pectin Lyase from B
yssochlamys fulva
: Its Application in Wine Fermentation. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Lakhanpal
- Department of Biotechnology; Himachal Pradesh University; Summer Hill Shimla 171005 India
| | - Aarti Devi
- Department of Biotechnology; Himachal Pradesh University; Summer Hill Shimla 171005 India
| | - Reena Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology; Himachal Pradesh University; Summer Hill Shimla 171005 India
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Characterization of pectin degrading polygalacturonase produced by Bacillus licheniformis KIBGE-IB21. Food Hydrocoll 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Characterization of industrially-valuable xylano-pectinolytic enzymes produced concurrently by a novel isolate of Bacillus pumilus. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:2229-37. [PMID: 25048224 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Xylanase and polygalacturonase were concurrently produced by a novel alkalo-thermotolerant Bacillus pumilus AJK. They were purified and characterized to evaluate their potential for various industrial applications. Xylanase was purified to 19-fold with 67 % recovery and polygalacturonase up to 23-fold with 75 % recovery. Existence of multiple forms of xylanase was indicated by its elution-profile through Sephadex G-100 as two peaks, xylanase-I and xylanase-II, with molecular weights of ~24.5 and ~13 kDa, respectively, and by the presence of two pH optima, one at pH 6.0 and other at pH 8.5. The molecular weight of polygalacturonase was ~40 kDa by gel-filtration chromatography. Zymographic studies confirmed the presence of seven isozymic forms of xylanase. Xylanase and polygalacturonase are stable over a broad range of pH and temperature.
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Optimization of extraction of novel pectinase enzyme discovered in red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel. Molecules 2013; 18:14366-80. [PMID: 24264138 PMCID: PMC6270317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181114366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant peels could be a potential source of novel pectinases for use in various industrial applications due to their broad substrate specificity with high stability under extreme conditions. Therefore, the extraction conditions of a novel pectinase enzyme from pitaya peel was optimized in this study. The effect of extraction variables, namely buffer to sample ratio (2:1 to 8:1, X1), extraction temperature (−15 to +25 °C, X2) and buffer pH (4.0 to 12.0, X3) on specific activity, temperature stability, storage stability and surfactant agent stability of pectinase from pitaya peel was investigated. The study demonstrated that the optimum conditions for the extraction of pectinase from pitaya sources could improve the enzymatic characteristics of the enzyme and protect its activity and stability during the extraction procedure. The optimum extraction conditions cause the pectinase to achieve high specific activity (15.31 U/mg), temperature stability (78%), storage stability (88%) and surfactant agent stability (83%). The most desirable conditions to achieve the highest activity and stability of pectinase enzyme from pitaya peel were the use of 5:1 buffer to sample ratio at 5 °C and pH 8.0.
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Purification and Properties of Polygalacturonase Produced by Thermophilic Fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus CBMAI-756 on Solid-State Fermentation. Enzyme Res 2013; 2013:438645. [PMID: 24159381 PMCID: PMC3789396 DOI: 10.1155/2013/438645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygalacturonases are enzymes involved in the degradation of pectic substances, being extensively used in food industries, textile processing, degumming of plant rough fibres, and treatment of pectic wastewaters. Polygalacturonase (PG) production by thermophilic fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus on solid-state fermentation was carried out in culture media containing sugar cane bagasse and orange bagasse in proportions of 30% and 70% (w/w) at 45°C for 4 days. PG obtained was purified by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The highest activity was found between pH 4.5 and 5.5, and the enzyme preserved more than 80% of its activity at pH values between 5.0 and 6.5. At pH values between 3.0 and 4.5, PG retained about 73% of the original activity, whereas at pH 10.0 it remained around 44%. The optimum temperature was 60–65°C. The enzyme was completely stable when incubated for 1 hour at 50°C. At 55°C and 60°C, the activity decreased 55% and 90%, respectively. The apparent molecular weight was 29.3 kDa, Km of 1.58 mg/mL and Vmax of 1553.1 μmol/min/mg. The presence of Zn+2, Mn+2, and Hg+2 inhibited 59%, 77%, and 100% of enzyme activity, respectively. The hydrolysis product suggests that polygalacturonase was shown to be an endo/exoenzyme.
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TAI ES, HSIEH PC, SHEU SC. Purification and Characterization of Polygalacturonase from Screened Aspergillus tubingensis for Coffee Processing. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.19.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Production, Purification, and Characterization of Polygalacturonase from Rhizomucor pusillus Isolated from Decomposting Orange Peels. Enzyme Res 2012; 2012:138634. [PMID: 23125919 PMCID: PMC3483666 DOI: 10.1155/2012/138634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A thermophilic fungal strain producing polygalacturonase was isolated after primary screening of 40 different isolates. The fungus was identified as Rhizomucor pusilis by Microbial Type Culture Collection (MTCC), Chandigarh, India. An extracellular polygalacturonase (PGase) from R. pusilis was purified to homogeneity by two chromatographic steps using Sephadex G-200 and Sephacryl S-100. The purified enzyme was a monomer with a molecular weight of 32 kDa. The PGase was optimally active at 55°C and at pH 5.0. It was stable up to 50°C for 120 min of incubation and pH condition between 4.0 and 5.0. The stability of PGase decreases rapidly above 60°C and above pH 5.0. The apparent Km and Vmax values were 0.22 mg/mL and 4.34 U/mL, respectively. It was the first time that a polygalacturonase enzyme was purified in this species. It would be worthwhile to exploit this strain for polygalacturonase production. Polygalacturonase from this strain can be recommended for the commercial production because of its constitutive and less catabolically repressive nature, thermostability, wide range of pH, and lower Km properties. However, scale-up studies are needed for the better output for commercial production.
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Li Z, Bai Z, Zhang B, Li B, Jin B, Zhang M, Lin F, Zhang H. Purification and Characterization of Alkaline Pectin Lyase from a Newly Isolated Bacillus clausii and Its Application in Elicitation of Plant Disease Resistance. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:2241-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Adalberto PR, José dos Santos F, Golfeto CC, Costa Iemma MR, Ferreira de Souza DH, Cass QB. Immobilization of pectinase from Leucoagaricus gongylophorus on magnetic particles. Analyst 2012; 137:4855-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35682a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Hadj-Taieb N, Tounsi H, Chabchoub A, Abid N, Gargouri A. Studies on the zymogram method for the detection of pectinolytic activities using CTAB. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:1652-60. [PMID: 21935586 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Zymogram analysis is a useful tool for the identification of several enzymes. The present study was undertaken to investigate the efficiency gains from the characterization of pectic enzymes on zymograms by staining of pectin-agarose overlays using cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide also known as cetrimide or CTAB. The method is based on the fact that the enzymatic hydrolysis of the pectic substrates included in the agarose matrix gel inhibited their precipitation by CTAB, leading to the appearance of cleared zones in front of the pectin hydrolases and lyases. Conversely, esterases led to the increase of pectin precipitation. Fungal pectinolytic enzymes were separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subjected to the zymogram detection technique, using two pectin substances, namely citrus pectin and polygalacturonic acid. Overall, the findings presented in the current study indicate that several elements (ions, salts, pH, temperature, chelators, and reducing agents) may significantly affect the results of zymogram analysis and can, therefore, be employed to enhance the discriminatory and operational potential of the analysis in terms of accurate discrimination between several pectinolytic activities involved and effective implementation of the purification procedures required in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noomen Hadj-Taieb
- Laboratoire de Valorisation de la Biomasse et Production des Protéines chez les Eucaryotes, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Route Sidi Mansour km 6, BP 1177, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
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Díaz AB, Bolívar J, de Ory I, Caro I, Blandino A. Applicability of enzymatic extracts obtained by solid state fermentation on grape pomace and orange peels mixtures in must clarification. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Purification and characterization of a pectin lyase produced by Geobacillus stearothermophilus Ah22 and its application in fruit juice production. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Feng B, Huang HZ, Zhou WB, Kang LP, Zou P, Liu YX, Yu HS, Han BQ, Li YY, Zhang LL, Zhang T, Ma BP. Substrate specificity, purification and identification of a novel pectinase with the specificity of hydrolyzing the α-1,4-glycosyl residue in steroidal saponin. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Thakur A, Pahwa R, Singh S, Gupta R. Production, Purification, and Characterization of Polygalacturonase from Mucor circinelloides ITCC 6025. Enzyme Res 2010; 2010:170549. [PMID: 21048861 PMCID: PMC2956978 DOI: 10.4061/2010/170549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucor circinelloides produced an extracellular polygalacturonase enzyme, the production of which was enhanced when various production parameters were optimized. Maximum polygalacturonase (PGase) activity was obtained in 48 h at 30°C and pH 4.0 with pectin methyl ester (1% w/v) as carbon source and a combination of casein hydrolysate (0.1% w/v) and yeast extract (0.1% w/v) as nitrogen source. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity (13.3-fold) by Sephacryl S-100 gel-filtration chromatography. Its molecular weight was 66 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The enzyme was found to have Km and Vmax values of 2.2 mM and 4.81 IU/ml at 0.1% to 0.5% (w/v) concentration of the substrate. The addition of phenolic acids (0.05 mM), metal ions such as Mn+2, Co+2, Mg+2, Fe+3, Al+3, Hg+2, and Cu+2, and thiols had inhibitory effect on the enzyme. The enzyme showed maximum activity in the presence of polygalacturonic acid (0.1% w/v) at pH 5.5 and 42°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhilesh Thakur
- Deparment of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla 171005, India
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ZHAO Y, FENG B, KANG LP, LI B, HUANG HZ, CONG YW, MA BP. Biotransformation of Dichotomin by Pectinex BE XXL. Chin J Nat Med 2010. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1009.2009.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Purification of an Exopolygalacturonase from Penicillium viridicatum RFC3 Produced in Submerged Fermentation. Int J Microbiol 2010; 2009:631942. [PMID: 20148174 PMCID: PMC2817892 DOI: 10.1155/2009/631942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An exo-PG obtained
from Penicillium viridicatum in
submerged fermentation was purified to
homogeneity. The apparent molecular weight of
the enzyme was 92 kDa, optimum pH and
temperature for activity were pH 5 and
50–55°C. The exo-PG showed a profile of an
exo-polygalacturonase, releasing galacturonic acid by hydrolysis
of pectin with a high degree of esterification (D.E.). Ions
Ca2+ enhanced the stability of enzyme and its activity by 30%. The Km was 1.30 in absence of Ca2+ and 1.16 mg mL−1 in presence of this ion. In relation to the Vmax the presence of this ion increased from 1.76 to 2.07 μmol min−1mg−1.
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