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Mahanta DK, Komal J, Samal I, Bhoi TK, Dubey VK, Pradhan K, Nekkanti A, Gouda MNR, Saini V, Negi N, Bhateja S, Jat HK, Jeengar D. Nutritional aspects and dietary benefits of "Silkworms": Current scenario and future outlook. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1121508. [PMID: 36742434 PMCID: PMC9892554 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1121508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current scenario, it is estimated that by 2050, there will be an additional 2.5 billion people and a 70% increase in food demand. Crop yields are not increasing fast enough to support global needs, and world agriculture is facing several serious challenges. Therefore, insects can be a nutritious alternative to meet the ever-increasing food demand in the present and future. The majority of insect consumption occurs in developing countries, with approximately 1,900 insect species consumed worldwide. Food and feed derived from them are of high quality, have a high feed conversion ratio and emit a low level of greenhouse gases. Among insects silkworms are beneficial to humans, not only because of their high nutritional value, but also because of their several pharmacological properties. Silkworm eggs, larvae, and pupae contains high amount of proteins, oils, minerals, vitamins, and several other beneficial components which are nutritious as well as have positive effect on human health. Studies have shown that silkworm pupae protect the liver, enhance immunity, inhibit apoptosis, inhibit cancer, inhibit tumor growth, inhibit microbial growth, regulate blood glucose and blood lipids, and lower blood pressure. This review paper summerized the nutritional value of different life stages of silkworm, nutritional comparison of silkworm with the major human foods, and the effects of silkworm consumption on human health, thus ittargets to generate interest toward in sericulture and improve human health by using silkworm as a nutritious food and attain sustainability in food and nutritional security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Mahanta
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, Bihar, India
| | - J. Komal
- Department of Entomology, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India
| | - Ipsita Samal
- Department of Entomology, Sri Sri University, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Tanmaya Kumar Bhoi
- Forest Protection Division, ICFRE – Arid Forest Research Institute (AFRI), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Dubey
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, Bihar, India
| | - Kiranamaya Pradhan
- Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, India
| | - Aarthi Nekkanti
- Department of Entomology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India
| | - M. N. Rudra Gouda
- Division of Entomology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Varun Saini
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Nikita Negi
- Department of Entomology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, India
| | - Sheenam Bhateja
- Department of Entomology, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Hansa Kumari Jat
- Department of Entomology, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepika Jeengar
- Department of Entomology, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
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Silkworm Pupae: A Functional Food with Health Benefits for Humans. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111594. [PMID: 35681343 PMCID: PMC9180533 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Silkworm pupae are insects that are beneficial to human health, not only for their high nutritional value but, more importantly, for the variety of pharmacological functions they can perform when consumed. Currently, there is a lot of interest in the pharmaceutical applications of silkworm pupae. In recent years, the biological functions of domestic silkworm pupae have gradually been identified and confirmed, especially for their beneficial effects on human health. Studies have found that silkworm pupae have positive effects on liver protection, immune enhancement, antiapoptosis, antitumour, antibacterial, regulation of blood glucose and blood lipids, and lowering of blood pressure. However, the pharmacological mechanisms and systemic safety of silkworm pupae have not been systematically evaluated. In this paper, the nutritional composition of the pupae of the domestic silkworm is first summarised. The pharmacological functions of silkworm pupae and their components are then classified, and their mechanisms of occurrence are described. In addition, we provide a preliminary evaluation of the safety of silkworm pupae, analyse their application prospects, and suggest future directions for further pharmacological function studies. The aim is to generate interest in the promotion of human health through the use of silkworm pupae.
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Yagi H, Yanaka S, Yogo R, Ikeda A, Onitsuka M, Yamazaki T, Kato T, Park EY, Yokoyama J, Kato K. Silkworm Pupae Function as Efficient Producers of Recombinant Glycoproteins with Stable-Isotope Labeling. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111482. [PMID: 33114581 PMCID: PMC7692867 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Baculovirus-infected silkworms are promising bioreactors for producing recombinant glycoproteins, including antibodies. Previously, we developed a method for isotope labeling of glycoproteins for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies using silkworm larvae reared on an artificial diet containing 15N-labeled yeast crude protein extract. Here, we further develop this method by introducing a technique for the expression of isotope-labeled glycoproteins by silkworm pupae, which has several potential advantages relative to larvae-based techniques in terms of production yield, ease of handling, and storage. Here, we fed fifth instar larvae an artificial diet with an optimized composition containing [methyl-13C]methionine, leading to pupation. Nine-day-old pupae were then injected with recombinant Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) bacmid for expression of recombinant human immunoglobulin G (IgG). From the whole-body homogenates of pupae, 0.35 mg/pupa of IgG was harvested, which is a yield that is five times higher than can be obtained from larvae. Recombinant IgG, thus prepared, exhibited mainly three kinds of pauci-mannose-type oligosaccharides and had a 13C-enrichment ratio of approximately 80%. This enabled selective observation of NMR signals originating from the methionyl methyl group of IgG, confirming its conformational integrity. These data demonstrate the utility of silkworm pupae as factories for producing recombinant glycoproteins with amino-acid-selective isotope labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Yagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.Y.); (R.Y.)
| | - Saeko Yanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.Y.); (R.Y.)
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Rina Yogo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.Y.); (R.Y.)
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Akari Ikeda
- Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corporation, SI Innovation Center, 2008-2 Wada, Tama, Tokyo 206-0001, Japan; (A.I.); (J.Y.)
| | - Masayoshi Onitsuka
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Minamijosanjima-cho 2-1, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan;
| | - Toshio Yamazaki
- SPring-8 Center RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan;
| | - Tatsuya Kato
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; (T.K.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Enoch Y. Park
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan; (T.K.); (E.Y.P.)
| | - Jun Yokoyama
- Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corporation, SI Innovation Center, 2008-2 Wada, Tama, Tokyo 206-0001, Japan; (A.I.); (J.Y.)
| | - Koichi Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.Y.); (R.Y.)
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-564-59-5225
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Wang Y, Wang F, Xu S, Wang R, Chen W, Hou K, Tian C, Wang F, Yu L, Lu Z, Zhao P, Xia Q. Genetically engineered bi-functional silk material with improved cell proliferation and anti-inflammatory activity for medical application. Acta Biomater 2019; 86:148-157. [PMID: 30586645 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Functional silk is a promising material for future medical applications. These include fabrication of diverse silk fiber and silk protein-regenerated biomaterials such as silk sutures, hydrogel, films, and 3D scaffolds for wound healing and tissue regeneration and reconstruction. Here, a novel bi-functional silk with improved cell proliferation and anti-inflammatory activities was created by co-expressing the human basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF_β1) genes in silkworm. First, both FGF2 and TGF_β1 genes were confirmed to be successfully expressed in silk thread. The characterization of silk properties by SEM, FTIR, and mechanical tests showed that this new silk (FT silk) had a similar diameter, inner molecular composition, and mechanical properties as those of normal silk. Additionally, expressed FGF2 and TGF_β1 proteins were continuously and slowly released from FT silk for one week. Most importantly, the FGF2 and TGF_β1 contained in FT silk not only promoted cell proliferation by activating the ERK pathway but also significantly reduced LPS-induced inflammation responses in macrophages by mediating the Smad pathway. Moreover, this FT silk had no apparent toxicity for cell growth and caused no cell inflammation. These properties suggest that it has a potential for medical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Silk spun by domestic silkworm is a promising material for fabricating various silk protein regenerated biomaterials in medical area, since it owes good biocompatibility, biodegradability and low immunogenicity. Recently, fabricating various functional silk fibers and regenerated silk protein biomaterials which has ability of releasing functional protein factor is the hot point field. This study is a first time to create a novel bi-functional silk material with the improved cell proliferation and anti-inflammatory activity by genetic engineered technology. This novel silk has a great application potential as new and novel medical material, and this study also provides a new strategy to create various functional or multifunctional silk fiber materials in future.
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Dong WT, Xiao LF, Hu JJ, Zhao XX, Liu JX, Zhang Y. iTRAQ proteomic analysis of the interactions between Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus and silkworm. J Proteomics 2017; 166:138-145. [PMID: 28755911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The silkworm hemolymph is an important defense system against bacteria and viruses. In this study, silkworms were infected with Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus to investigate the subsequent immune response at the protein level. Proteomes were analyzed before and after infection using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and LC-MS. A total of 456 differentially expressed proteins were identified, of which 179 were upregulated and 193 were downregulated. Changes in expression were validated by western blot for several proteins. Eleven of the differentially expressed proteins were involved in immunity. For example, modular serine protease and cecropin, which were downregulated, facilitate Toll and Imd signaling, while autophagy-related protein 3, which was upregulated, protects cells against oxidative damage. Collectively, the data highlight the unique interactions of baculovirus with the silkworm immune system. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first time isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation were used to analyze B. mori proteins mobilized against B. mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus, and to investigate the immunity-associated proteome in B. mori. The results are a significant step towards a deeper understanding of immunoregulation in B. mori. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first time isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation were used to analyze B. mori proteins mobilized against B. mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus, and to investigate the immunity-associated proteome in B. mori. The results are a significant step towards a deeper understanding of immunoregulation in B. mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tao Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Long-Fei Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jun-Jie Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xin-Xu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ji-Xing Liu
- Product R & D, Lanzhou Weitesen Biological Technology Co. Ltd., Lanzhou 730030, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis of molecular mechanisms associated with Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera) larval midgut response to BmNPV in susceptible and near-isogenic strains. J Proteomics 2017. [PMID: 28624519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) has been identified as a major pathogen responsible for severe economic loss. Most silkworm strains are susceptible to BmNPV, with only a few highly resistant strains thus far identified. Here we investigated the molecular basis of silkworm resistance to BmNPV using susceptible (the recurrent parent P50) and resistant (near-isogenic line BC9) strains and a combination of iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics, reverse-transcription quantitative PCR and Western blotting. By comparing the proteomes of infected and non-infected P50 and BC9 silkworms, we identified 793 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). By gene ontology and KEGG enrichment analyses, we found that these DEPs are preferentially involved in metabolism, catalytic activity, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism and carbon metabolism. 114 (14.38%) DEPs were associated with the cytoskeleton, immune response, apoptosis, ubiquitination, translation, ion transport, endocytosis and endopeptidase activity. After removing the genetic background and individual immune stress response proteins, we identified 84 DEPs were found that are potentially involved in resistance to BmNPV. Further studies showed that a serine protease was down-regulated in P50 and up-regulated in BC9 after BmNPV infection. Taken together, these results provide insights into the molecular mechanism of silkworm response to BmNPV. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is highly pathogenic, causing serious losses in sericulture every year. However, the molecular mechanisms of BmNPV infection and host defence remain unclear. Here we combined quantitative proteomic, bioinformatics, RT-qPCR and Western blotting analyses and found that BmNPV invasion causes complex protein alterations in the larval midgut, and that these changes are related to cytoskeleton, immune response, apoptosis, ubiquitination, translation, ion transport, endocytosis and endopeptidase activity. Five important differentially expression proteins were validation by independent approaches. These finding will help address the molecular mechanisms of silkworm resistance to BmNPV and provide a molecular target for resisting BmNPV.
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Molecular analysis and bioactivity of luteinizing hormone from Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, produced in silkworm pupae. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-016-0042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hong SM, Sung HS, Kang MH, Kim CG, Lee YH, Kim DJ, Lee JM, Kusakabe T. Characterization of Cryptopygus antarcticus endo-β-1,4-glucanase from Bombyx mori expression systems. Mol Biotechnol 2015; 56:878-89. [PMID: 24848382 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endo-β-1,4-glucanase (CaCel) from Antarctic springtail, Cryptopygus antarcticus, a cellulase with high activity at low temperature, shows potential industrial use. To obtain sufficient active cellulase for characterization, CaCel gene was expressed in Bombyx mori-baculovirus expression systems. Recombinant CaCel (rCaCel) has been expressed in Escherichia coli (Ec-CaCel) at temperatures below 10°C, but the expression yield was low. Here, rCaCel with a silkworm secretion signal (Bm-CaCel) was successfully expressed and secreted into pupal hemolymph and purified to near 90% purity by Ni-affinity chromatography. The yield and specific activity of rCaCel purified from B. mori were estimated at 31 mg/l and 43.2 U/mg, respectively, which is significantly higher than the CaCel yield obtained from E. coli (0.46 mg/l and 35.8 U/mg). The optimal pH and temperature for the rCaCels purified from E. coli and B. mori were 3.5 and 50°C. Both rCaCels were active at a broad range of pH values and temperatures, and retained more than 30% of their maximal activity at 0°C. Oligosaccharide structural analysis revealed that Bm-CaCel contains elaborated N- and O-linked glycans, whereas Ec-CaCel contains putative O-linked glycans. Thermostability of Bm-CaCel from B. mori at 60°C was higher than that from E. coli, probably due to glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mee Hong
- Research and Development Department, Gyeongbuk Institute for Marine Bioindustry, Uljin, 767-813, Republic of Korea,
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Duarte Junior FF, de Lima Neto QA, Rando FDS, de Freitas DVB, Pattaro Júnior JR, Polizelli LG, Munhoz REF, Seixas FAV, Fernandez MA. Identification and molecular structure analysis of a new noncoding RNA, a sbRNA homolog, in the silkworm Bombyx mori genome. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 11:801-8. [PMID: 25521575 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00595c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The small noncoding group of RNAs called stem-bulge RNAs (sbRNAs), first reported in Caenorhabditis elegans, is described as molecules homologous to the Y RNAs, a specific class of noncoding RNAs that is present in vertebrates. This homology indicates the possibility of the existence of sbRNAs in other invertebrate organisms. In this work, we used bioinformatic tools and conserved sequences of sbRNAs from C. Elegans and Y RNAs to search for homologous sbRNA sequences in the Bombyx mori genome. This analysis led to the discovery of one noncoding gene, which was translated into RNA segments and comparatively analysed with segments from human and hamster Y RNAs and C. elegans sbRNAs in molecular dynamic simulations. This gene represents the first evidence for a new sbRNA-like noncoding RNA, the BmsbRNA gene, in this Lepidoptera genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Ferreira Duarte Junior
- Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brasil.
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Oral administration of a fusion protein between the cholera toxin B subunit and the 42-amino acid isoform of amyloid-β peptide produced in silkworm pupae protects against Alzheimer's disease in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113585. [PMID: 25469702 PMCID: PMC4254457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A key molecule in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a 42-amino acid isoform of the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ42), which is the most toxic element of senile plaques. In this study, to develop an edible, safe, low-cost vaccine for AD, a cholera toxin B subunit (CTB)-Aβ42 fusion protein was successfully expressed in silkworm pupae. We tested the silkworm pupae-derived oral vaccination containing CTB-Aβ42 in a transgenic mouse model of AD. Anti-Aβ42 antibodies were induced in these mice, leading to a decreased Aβ deposition in the brain. We also found that the oral administration of the silk worm pupae vaccine improved the memory and cognition of mice, as assessed using a water maze test. These results suggest that the new edible CTB-Aβ42 silkworm pupae-derived vaccine has potential clinical application in the prevention of AD.
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Zhao Q, Han MJ, Sun W, Zhang Z. Copy number variations among silkworms. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:251. [PMID: 24684762 PMCID: PMC3997817 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Copy number variations (CNVs), which are important source for genetic and phenotypic variation, have been shown to be associated with disease as well as important QTLs, especially in domesticated animals. However, little is known about the CNVs in silkworm. Results In this study, we have constructed the first CNVs map based on genome-wide analysis of CNVs in domesticated silkworm. Using next-generation sequencing as well as quantitative PCR (qPCR), we identified ~319 CNVs in total and almost half of them (~ 49%) were distributed on uncharacterized chromosome. The CNVs covered 10.8 Mb, which is about 2.3% of the entire silkworm genome. Furthermore, approximately 61% of CNVs directly overlapped with SDs in silkworm. The genes in CNVs are mainly related to reproduction, immunity, detoxification and signal recognition, which is consistent with the observations in mammals. Conclusions An initial CNVs map for silkworm has been described in this study. And this map provides new information for genetic variations in silkworm. Furthermore, the silkworm CNVs may play important roles in reproduction, immunity, detoxification and signal recognition. This study provided insight into the evolution of the silkworm genome and an invaluable resource for insect genomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ze Zhang
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Effective Solubilization Procedure for Analysis of Silkworm Hemolymph Proteins by Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:1459-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-0067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Yin X, Li Z, Li J, Yi Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Li B, Yang B, Lan X, Li Y, Jiao W, Zhang Z, Liu J. Rabies virus nucleoprotein expressed in silkworm pupae at high-levels and evaluation of immune responses in mice. J Biotechnol 2012. [PMID: 23178898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rabies is one of the most fatal zoonotic diseases in developing countries, where a safe, cheap and effective vaccine against the disease remains unaffordable. In this paper, we describe a new silkworm-baculovirus expression system to express the nucleoprotein (N) gene of rabies virus and evaluation of the immune response in BALB/c mice. A recombinant baculovirus -rBmNPV(RV-N) carrying the N gene of rabies virus Evelyn Rokitniki Abelseth (ERA) strain was constructed and the N protein expression was evaluated in Bombyx mori (BmN) cells and silkworm pupae by immunofluorescence staining, Western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The immune response to vaccines was evaluated based on serum IgG antibody titers and challenge experiments. The study revealed that N protein of rabies virus can be highly expressed in silkworm baculovirus expression system and the vaccine of N antigen presents a promising approach for the prevention of rabies virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Grazing Animal Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Li Y, Wang G, Tian J, Liu H, Yang H, Yi Y, Wang J, Shi X, Jiang F, Yao B, Zhang Z. Transcriptome analysis of the silkworm (Bombyx mori) by high-throughput RNA sequencing. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43713. [PMID: 22928022 PMCID: PMC3426547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori, is a model insect with important economic value for silk production that also acts as a bioreactor for biomaterial production. The functional complexity of the silkworm transcriptome has not yet been fully elucidated, although genomic sequencing and other tools have been widely used in its study. We explored the transcriptome of silkworm at different developmental stages using high-throughput paired-end RNA sequencing. A total of about 3.3 gigabases (Gb) of sequence was obtained, representing about a 7-fold coverage of the B. mori genome. From the reads that were mapped to the genome sequence; 23,461 transcripts were obtained, 5,428 of them were novel. Of the 14,623 predicted protein-coding genes in the silkworm genome database, 11,884 of them were found to be expressed in the silkworm transcriptome, giving a coverage of 81.3%. A total of 13,195 new exons were detected, of which, 5,911 were found in the annotated genes in the Silkworm Genome Database (SilkDB). An analysis of alternative splicing in the transcriptome revealed that 3,247 genes had undergone alternative splicing. To help with the data analysis, a transcriptome database that integrates our transcriptome data with the silkworm genome data was constructed and is publicly available at http://124.17.27.136/gbrowse2/. To our knowledge, this is the first study to elucidate the silkworm transcriptome using high-throughput RNA sequencing technology. Our data indicate that the transcriptome of silkworm is much more complex than previously anticipated. This work provides tools and resources for the identification of new functional elements and paves the way for future functional genomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinü Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guozeng Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Tian
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huifen Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huipeng Yang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhu Yi
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yao
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (BY)
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ZZ); (BY)
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Qin L, Xia H, Shi H, Zhou Y, Chen L, Yao Q, Liu X, Feng F, Yuan Y, Chen K. Comparative proteomic analysis reveals that caspase-1 and serine protease may be involved in silkworm resistance to Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus. J Proteomics 2012; 75:3630-8. [PMID: 22546490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The silkworm Bombyx mori is of great economic value. The B. mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) is one of the most common and severe pathogens for silkworm. Although certain immune mechanisms exist in silkworms, most silkworms are still susceptible to BmNPV infection. Interestingly, BmNPV infection resistance in some silkworm strains is varied and naturally existing. We have previously established a silkworm strain NB by genetic cross, which is highly resistant to BmNPV invasion. To investigate the molecular mechanism of silkworm resistance to BmNPV infection, we employed proteomic approach and genetic cross to globally identify proteins differentially expressed in parental silkworms NB and 306, a BmNPV-susceptible strain, and their F(1) hybrids. In all, 53 different proteins were found in direct cross group (NB♀, 306♂, F(1) hybrid) and 21 in reciprocal cross group (306♀, NB♂, F(1) hybrid). Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses showed that most of these different proteins are located in cytoplasm and are involved in many important metabolisms. Caspase-1 and serine protease expressed only in BmNPV-resistant silkworms, but not in BmNPV-susceptible silkworms, which was further confirmed by Western blot. Taken together, our data suggests that both caspase-1 and serine protease play a critical role in silkworm resistance against BmNPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvgao Qin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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Attempts to express the A1-GMCSF immunotoxin in the baculovirus expression vector system. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2012; 76:749-54. [PMID: 22484943 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Immunotoxins are fusion proteins consisting of two elements, a targeting and a toxin moiety, and are designed for specific elimination of tumor cells. Previously we expressed a recombinant fusion protein consisting of the toxic fragment of Shiga toxin (A1) and GMCSF (A1-GMCSF) in Escherichia coli, and evaluated its cytotoxic properties in acute myeloid leukemia and colon carcinoma cell lines. In view of the specific cytotoxic effects of this immunotoxin, further detailed in-vitro and preclinical studies were undertaken. Large amounts of the recombinant protein of high purity and free of unwanted side products, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), were required. Since GMCSF is of mammalian origin and it requires proper disulfide bond formation, we intended to use the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) for the expression of the recombinant fusion protein. However, despite previous reports on the expression of several other immunotoxins by this system, the A1 derived fusion proteins revealed an inhibitory effect on baculoviral particle formation and even caused cell death in insect cells. This observation was further pursued and confirmed by the use of other baculoviral specific promoters. The salient features of this finding are described below.
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17
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Wei KQ, Yang JX. Histological alterations and immune response in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii given rVP28-incorporated diets. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 31:1122-1128. [PMID: 22008287 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that recombinant VP28 protein (rVP28) can significantly enhance immune response and disease resistance against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in shrimp, although the underlying mechanisms have not been entirely clarified yet. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of rVP28 on histological alterations and WSSV-induced apoptosis in crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Crayfish were fed commercial diets supplemented with different doses of HyNPV-VP28 infected pupae (rVP28-hp) for 4 weeks. Results showed that rVP28-hp may be used as a safe and effective source of medicinal proteins in aquaculture when supplemented in diet at low dose (10 g kg(-1) and 50 g kg(-1)), which could obviously reduce the percentage of apoptotic cells in stomach, gut and hepatopancreas tissues induced by the WSSV challenge and showed the relative percent survival (RPS) of 82.2% and 94.4%, respectively. But rVP28-hp would be detrimental to crayfish survival and decrease resistance to WSSV infection at the high dose (100 g kg(-1) and 200 g kg(-1)), with the cumulative mortality of up to 48.2% and 56.6% after WSSV challenge, respectively. During a 28-d feeding period, the survival rate of crayfish was only 54.5%-75.6%, and histopathological observation showed that one of the principal lesions was serious cell swelling, vacuolar degeneration and necrosis in hepatopancreatic epithelia and myocardial cells. These results suggested that rVP28-hp can influence the immune functions of crayfish in a dose-dependent manner, and the rVP28-hp at the dose of 50 g kg(-1) was recommended to prevent WSSV in crayfish culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Qiang Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Wucheng Road 92, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
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18
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Kato T, Kajikawa M, Maenaka K, Park EY. Silkworm expression system as a platform technology in life science. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 85:459-70. [PMID: 19830419 PMCID: PMC2802491 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Many recombinant proteins have been successfully produced in silkworm larvae or pupae and used for academic and industrial purposes. Several recombinant proteins produced by silkworms have already been commercialized. However, construction of a recombinant baculovirus containing a gene of interest requires tedious and troublesome steps and takes a long time (3-6 months). The recent development of a bacmid, Escherichia coli and Bombyx mori shuttle vector, has eliminated the conventional tedious procedures required to identify and isolate recombinant viruses. Several technical improvements, including a cysteine protease or chitinase deletion bacmid and chaperone-assisted expression and coexpression, have led to significantly increased protein yields and reduced costs for large-scale production. Terminal N-acetyl glucosamine and galactose residues were found in the N-glycan structures produced by silkworms, which are different from those generated by insect cells. Genomic elucidation of silkworm has opened a new chapter in utilization of silkworm. Transgenic silkworm technology provides a stable production of recombinant protein. Baculovirus surface display expression is one of the low-cost approaches toward silkworm larvae-derived recombinant subunit vaccines. The expression of pharmaceutically relevant proteins, including cell/viral surface proteins, membrane proteins, and guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) coupled receptors, using silkworm larvae or cocoons has become very attractive. Silkworm biotechnology is an innovative and easy approach to achieve high protein expression levels and is a very promising platform technology in the field of life science. Like the "Silkroad," we expect that the "Bioroad" from Asia to Europe will be established by the silkworm expression system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kato
- Faculty of Agriculture, Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529 Japan
| | - Mizuho Kajikawa
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Enoch Y. Park
- Faculty of Agriculture, Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529 Japan
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Zhang Y, Xia Q, Xu J, Chen J, Nie Z, Wang D, Zhang W, Chen J, Zheng Q, Chen Q, Kong L, Ren X, Wang J, Lv Z, Yu W, Jiang C, Liu L, Sheng Q, Jin Y, Wu X. Aligning the proteome and genome of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Funct Integr Genomics 2009; 9:447-54. [PMID: 19529965 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-009-0127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A technology of mass spectrometry (MS) was used in this study for the large-scale proteomic identification and verification of protein-encoding genes present in the silkworm (Bombyx mori) genome. Peptide sequences identified by MS were compared with those from an open reading frame (ORF) library of the B. mori genome and a cDNA library, to validate the coding attributes of ORFs. Two databases were created. The first was based on a 9x draft sequence of the silkworm genome and contained 14,632 putative proteins. The second was based on a B. mori pupal cDNA library containing 3,187 putative proteins of at least 30 amino acid residues in length. A total of 81,000 peptide sequences with a threshold score of 60% were generated by the MS/MS analysis, and 55,400 of these were chosen for a sequence alignment. By searching these two databases, 6,649 and 250 proteins were matched, which accounted for approximately 45.4% and 7.8% of the peptide sequences and putative proteins, respectively. Further analyses carried out by several bioinformatic tools suggested that the matches included proteins with predicted transmembrane domains (1,393) and preproteins with a signal peptide (976). These results provide a fundamental understanding of the expression and function of silkworm proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozhou Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioreactor and Biopharmacy of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha High-Tech Zone No 2 Road, Hangzhou, China.
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20
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Zhang W, Lv Z, Nie Z, Chen G, Chen J, Sheng Q, Yu W, Jin Y, Wu X, Zhang Y. Bioavailability of orally administered rhGM-CSF: a single-dose, randomized, open-label, two-period crossover trial. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5353. [PMID: 19434235 PMCID: PMC2677157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) is usually administered by injection, and its oral administration in a clinical setting has been not yet reported. Here we demonstrate the bioavailability of orally administered rhGM-CSF in healthy volunteers. The rhGM-CSF was expressed in Bombyx mori expression system (BmrhGM-CSF). Methods and Findings Using a single-dose, randomized, open-label, two-period crossover clinical trial design, 19 healthy volunteers were orally administered with BmrhGM-CSF (8 µg/kg) and subcutaneously injected with rhGM-CSF (3.75 µg/kg) respectively. Serum samples were drawn at 0.0h, 0.5h ,0.75h,1.0h,1.5h,2.0h ,3.0h,4.0h,5.0h,6.0h,8.0h,10.0h and 12.0h after administrations. The hGM-CSF serum concentrations were determined by ELISA. The AUC was calculated using the trapezoid method. The relative bioavailability of BmrhGM-CSF was determined according to the AUC ratio of both orally administered and subcutaneously injected rhGM-CSF. Three volunteers were randomly selected from 15 orally administrated subjects with ELISA detectable values. Their serum samples at the 0.0h, 1.0h, 2.0h, 3.0h and 4.0h after the administrations were analyzed by Q-Trap MS/MS TOF. The different peaks were revealed by the spectrogram profile comparison of the 1.0h, 2.0h, 3.0h and 4.0h samples with that of the 0.0h sample, and further analyzed using both Enhanced Product Ion (EPI) scanning and Peptide Mass Fingerprinting Analysis. The rhGM-CSF was detected in the serum samples from 15 of 19 volunteers administrated with BmrhGM-CSF. Its bioavailability was observed at an average of 1.0%, with the highest of 3.1%. The rhGM-CSF peptide sequences in the serum samples were detected by MS analysis, and their sizes ranging from 2,039 to 7,336 Da. Conclusions The results demonstrated that the oral administered BmrhGM-CSF was absorbed into the blood. This study provides an approach for an oral administration of rhGM-CSF protein in clinical settings. Trial Registration www.chictr.orgChiCTR-TRC-00000107
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Bioreactor and Biopharmacy of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Bioreactor and Biopharmacy of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuoming Nie
- The Key Laboratory of Bioreactor and Biopharmacy of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guogang Chen
- Zhejiang Chinagene Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Haining, China
| | - Jian Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Bioreactor and Biopharmacy of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Sheng
- The Key Laboratory of Bioreactor and Biopharmacy of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioreactor and Biopharmacy of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Jin
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangfu Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioreactor and Biopharmacy of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Biochemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaozhou Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioreactor and Biopharmacy of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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21
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Effects of oral recombinant VP28 expressed in silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupa on immune response and disease resistance of Procambarus clarkii. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Potential use of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus expressed in Rachiplusia nu larvae as an immunogen for chickens. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2009; 16:775-8. [PMID: 19297615 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00432-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was obtained as a recombinant antigen in Rachiplusia nu larvae. When it was used as an immunogen in chickens, a solid immune response, including neutralizing antibodies, was detected, demonstrating the potential use of this simple and economic strategy in the design of recombinant anti-NDV vaccines.
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Ishikiriyama M, Nishina T, Kato T, Ueda H, Park EY. Human single-chain antibody expression in the hemolymph and fat body of silkworm larvae and pupae using BmNPV bacmids. J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 107:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Liquid chromatography of recombinant proteins and protein drugs. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 866:133-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Ferrer F, Zoth SC, Calamante G, Taboga O. Induction of virus-neutralizing antibodies by immunization with Rachiplusia nu per os infected with a recombinant baculovirus expressing the E2 glycoprotein of bovine viral diarrhea virus. J Virol Methods 2007; 146:424-7. [PMID: 17905447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Revised: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 08/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the development of a novel protein expression system based on Rachiplusia nu larvae for the production of the recombinant E2 protein to be used as a vaccine candidate against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). A recombinant baculovirus (Ac-E2pol+) bearing the E2 glycoprotein coding sequence of BVDV was obtained. Fourth-instar R. nu larvae were infected orally with recombinant polyhedra and the expression of E2 protein was confirmed by immunoblot. In order to test the recombinant product as a vaccine candidate, an immunization assay was performed and the neutralizing humoral immune response against BVDV NADL strain was evaluated. Mice vaccinated with Ac-E2pol+ extracts of per os infected larvae developed a neutralizing antibody titer of 3.16 after the administration of three doses of the immunogen. This report demonstrates the efficacy of per os infected larval extracts as a BVDV recombinant immunogen, which constitutes an easier and economic approach for producing recombinant antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Ferrer
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917 (1033), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Suetsugu Y, Minami H, Shimomura M, Sasanuma SI, Narukawa J, Mita K, Yamamoto K. End-sequencing and characterization of silkworm (Bombyx mori) bacterial artificial chromosome libraries. BMC Genomics 2007; 8:314. [PMID: 17822570 PMCID: PMC2014780 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We performed large-scale bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) end-sequencing of two BAC libraries (an EcoRI- and a BamHI-digested library) and conducted an in silico analysis to characterize the obtained sequence data, to make them a useful resource for genomic research on the silkworm (Bombyx mori). Results More than 94000 BAC end sequences (BESs), comprising more than 55 Mbp and covering about 10.4% of the silkworm genome, were sequenced. Repeat-sequence analysis with known repeat sequences indicated that the long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) were abundant in BamHI BESs, whereas DNA-type elements were abundant in EcoRI BESs. Repeat-sequence analysis revealed that the abundance of LINEs might be due to a GC bias of the restriction sites and that the GC content of silkworm LINEs was higher than that of mammalian LINEs. In a BLAST-based sequence analysis of the BESs against two available whole-genome shotgun sequence data sets, more than 70% of the BESs had a BLAST hit with an identity of ≥ 99%. About 14% of EcoRI BESs and about 8% of BamHI BESs were paired-end clones with unique sequences at both ends. Cluster analysis of the BESs clarified the proportion of BESs containing protein-coding regions. Conclusion As a result of this characterization, the identified BESs will be a valuable resource for genomic research on Bombyx mori, for example, as a base for construction of a BAC-based physical map. The use of multiple complementary BAC libraries constructed with different restriction enzymes also makes the BESs a more valuable genomic resource. The GenBank accession numbers of the obtained end sequences are DE283657–DE378560.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Suetsugu
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Minami
- Mitsubishi Space Software Co. Ltd., 1-6-1 Takezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0032, Japan
| | - Michihiko Shimomura
- Mitsubishi Space Software Co. Ltd., 1-6-1 Takezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0032, Japan
| | - Shun-ichi Sasanuma
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Junko Narukawa
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Kazuei Mita
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yamamoto
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
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Kato T, Park EY. Specific expression of GFPuv-β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 fusion protein in fat body of Bombyx mori silkworm larvae using signal peptide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 359:543-8. [PMID: 17544364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.05.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bombyxin (bx) and prophenoloxidase-activating enzyme (ppae) signal peptides from Bombyx mori, their modified signal peptides, and synthetic signal peptides were investigated for the secretion of GFP(uv)-beta1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (GGT2) fusion protein in B. mori Bm5 cells and silkworm larvae using cysteine protease deficient B. mori multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmMNPV-CP(-)) and its bacmid. The secretion efficiencies of all signal peptides were 15-30% in Bm5 cells and 24-30% in silkworm larvae, while that of the +16 signal peptide was 0% in Bm5 cells and 1% in silkworm larvae. The fusion protein that contained the +16 signal peptide was expressed specifically in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and in the fractions of cell precipitations. Ninety-four percent of total intracellular beta1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (beta3GnT) activity was detected in cell precipitations following the 600, 8000, and 114,000g centrifugations. In the case of the +38 signal peptide, 60% of total intracellular activity was detected in the supernatant from the 114,000g spin, and only 1% was found in the precipitate. Our results suggest that the +16 signal peptide might be situated in the transmembrane region and not cleaved by signal peptidase in silkworm or B. mori cells. Therefore, the fusion protein connected to the +16 signal peptide stayed in the fat body of silkworm larvae with biological function, and was not secreted extracellularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kato
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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Chen J, Nie ZM, Lü ZB, Zhu CG, Xu CZ, Jin YF, Wu XF, Zhang YZ. Large-scale purification of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expressed in Bombyx mori pupae. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2007; 141:149-60. [PMID: 17625273 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-007-9217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2005] [Revised: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 04/25/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) acts on many different kinds of cells, including monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, eosinophils, and multipotential stem cells. To explore further explore pharmaceutical action, we expressed hGM-CSF by the Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus expression system in silkworm pupae. However, purifying recombinant proteins from silkworm pupae on a large scale has been a big challenge. To establish purification methods suitable for mass production, we tried two crude preparation methods: (NH4)2SO4 fractional precipitation and isoelectric precipitation with a combination of gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The isoelectric precipitation method was found to be more efficient. With this method, we eventually obtained approx 11.7 mg of 95% pure product from 1000 g of infected silkworm pupae. The recovery of purified protein was greatly increased, by approx 40%, compared with the other method. The biologic activity of this protein was determined up to 9.0 x 106 colony-forming units/mg in the final purified product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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