1
|
Cha GS, Mok JA, Yun CH, Park CM. Production of 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine using novel tyrosinases from Bacillus megaterium. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 160:110069. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
2
|
First derivative synchronous fluorometric method to continuously measure monophenolase activity. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 150:109884. [PMID: 34489037 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase plays an essential role in melanin biosynthesis and inherently exhibits both monophenolase and diphenolase activity. A first derivative synchronous fluorometric assay was established for directly monitoring monophenolase activity. The zero-crossing point at 322 nm for the first-derivative under synchronous fluorescence with Δλ = 67 nm was utilized to selectively quantify tyrosine in the presence of the reaction product dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). The limit of detection (LOD) for tyrosine was 0.54 μM. The fluorescence intensity of tyrosine was monitored at intervals of 30 s to establish the time course of tyrosine consumption. The LOD for the monophenolase activity was 0.0706 U⋅ mL-1. The Michaelis-Menten e constant and maximum speed were 21.83 μM and 1.12 μM min-1, respectively. Zinc ions competitively inhibited the monophenolase activity, with an IC50 value of 14.36 μM. This assay is easily and rapidly executed and is of great significance for analyzing the kinetics of enzymatic reactions and in fundamental research on monophenolase. This approach has potential applications in the discovery of tyrosinase inhibitors for medicine and cosmetics, as well as in the industrial synthesis of substituted o-diphenol intermediates.
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang L, Shang Q, Chen C, Tang W, Xu Y, Liu W. Synchronous fluorometric method for continuous assay of monophenolase activity. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 252:119486. [PMID: 33517217 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is the key enzyme for melanogenesis with both monophenolase activity and diphenolase activity, which catalyzes the hydroxylation of tyrosine to L-DOPA and the further oxidation of DOPA, respectively. A continuous assay method was developed to directly monitor the real monophenolase activity using synchronous fluorescence. Complexation with borate to quench the native fluorescence of DOPA could selectively quantified the tyrosine in the binary mixture of tyrosine and DOPA under the wavelength difference Δλ = 67 nm for synchronous fluorescence. The limit of detection (LOD) for tyrosine were estimated to be 0.49 μM. Borate was used as a trapping agent for DOPA to abolish diphenolase activity, while hydroxylamine was used as a reducing agent to restore the catalytic cycle. The time course for consumption of tyrosine was established by monitoring the tyrosine fluorescence intensity at discrete intervals of 30 s. Calibration curve between monophenolase activity and tyrosinase concentration with range from 0.1830 U·mL-1 to 1.7034 U·mL-1, and LOD of 0.0721 U·mL-1. Using the proposed method, the Km and υmax for monophenolase was determined with values of 20.73 μM and 1.10 μM·min-1, respectively. Zinc ion was demonstrated to inhibit the monophenolase activity by competitive inhibition manner with IC50 of 14.36 μM. The assay method displayed a powerful application in kinetics and inhibitor screening for monophenolase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qi Shang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Weikang Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yidian Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ito S, Sugumaran M, Wakamatsu K. Chemical Reactivities of ortho-Quinones Produced in Living Organisms: Fate of Quinonoid Products Formed by Tyrosinase and Phenoloxidase Action on Phenols and Catechols. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176080. [PMID: 32846902 PMCID: PMC7504153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase catalyzes the oxidation of phenols and catechols (o-diphenols) to o-quinones. The reactivities of o-quinones thus generated are responsible for oxidative browning of plant products, sclerotization of insect cuticle, defense reaction in arthropods, tunichrome biochemistry in tunicates, production of mussel glue, and most importantly melanin biosynthesis in all organisms. These reactions also form a set of major reactions that are of nonenzymatic origin in nature. In this review, we summarized the chemical fates of o-quinones. Many of the reactions of o-quinones proceed extremely fast with a half-life of less than a second. As a result, the corresponding quinone production can only be detected through rapid scanning spectrophotometry. Michael-1,6-addition with thiols, intramolecular cyclization reaction with side chain amino groups, and the redox regeneration to original catechol represent some of the fast reactions exhibited by o-quinones, while, nucleophilic addition of carboxyl group, alcoholic group, and water are mostly slow reactions. A variety of catecholamines also exhibit side chain desaturation through tautomeric quinone methide formation. Therefore, quinone methide tautomers also play a pivotal role in the fate of numerous o-quinones. Armed with such wide and dangerous reactivity, o-quinones are capable of modifying the structure of important cellular components especially proteins and DNA and causing severe cytotoxicity and carcinogenic effects. The reactivities of different o-quinones involved in these processes along with special emphasis on mechanism of melanogenesis are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shosuke Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (K.W.); Tel.: +81-562-93-9849 (S.I. & K.W.); Fax: +81-562-93-4595 (S.I. & K.W.)
| | - Manickam Sugumaran
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA;
| | - Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (K.W.); Tel.: +81-562-93-9849 (S.I. & K.W.); Fax: +81-562-93-4595 (S.I. & K.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Deri-Zenaty B, Bachar S, Rebroš M, Fishman A. A coupled enzymatic reaction of tyrosinase and glucose dehydrogenase for the production of hydroxytyrosol. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4945-4955. [PMID: 32285177 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a diphenolic compound prevalent mainly in olives with pronounced antioxidant activity and proven benefits for human health. Current production limitations have motivated studies concerning the hydroxylation of tyrosol to HT with tyrosinase; however, accumulation of the diphenol is restricted due to its rapid subsequent oxidation to 3,4-quinone-phenylethanol. In this study, a continuous two-enzyme reaction system of sol-gel-immobilized tyrosinase and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) was developed for the synthesis of HT. Purified tyrosinase from Bacillus megaterium (TyrBm) and E. coli cell extract expressing GDH from B. megaterium were encapsulated in a sol-gel matrix based on triethoxysilane precursors. While tyrosinase oxidized tyrosol to 3,4-quinone-phenylethanol, GDH catalyzed the simultaneous reduction of the cofactor NAD+ to NADH, which was the reducing agent enabling the accumulation of HT. Using 50 mM tyrosol, the immobilized system under optimized conditions, enabled a final HT yield of 7.68 g/L with productivity of 2.30 mg HT/mg TyrBm beads. Furthermore, the immobilized bi-enzyme system showed the feasibility for HT production from 1 mM tyrosol using a 0.5-L bioreactor as well as stable activity over 8 repeated cycles. The production of other diphenols with commercial importance such as L-dopa (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) or piceatannol may be synthesized with this efficient approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Batel Deri-Zenaty
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shani Bachar
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Martin Rebroš
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ayelet Fishman
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guo N, You X, Wu Y, Du D, Zhang L, Shang Q, Liu W. Continuous Fluorometric Method for Determining the Monophenolase Activity of Tyrosinase on L-Tyrosine, through Quenching L-DOPA Fluorescence by Borate. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5780-5786. [PMID: 32204589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is the key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis and inherently involves both monophenolase activity and diphenolase activity. A continuous fluorometric assay method was developed for the first time to directly monitor the real monophenolase activity without the interference of diphenolase reactions through exclusively quenching the native fluorescence of DOPA by borate. Complexation with borate at pH 8.0 allowed for selective quantitation of tyrosine in a binary mixture of tyrosine and DOPA at 335 nm. The time course for consumption of tyrosine was established to measure the initial velocity by recording the tyrosine fluorescence intensity at discrete intervals. The assay worked in the monophenolase activity range from 0.13 to 2.01 U mL-1 with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.10 U mL-1. The assay method exhibited a promising prospect in application in kinetics of monophenolase and high throughput screening for monophenolase inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nihong Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xue You
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Dong Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qi Shang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maryskova M, Rysova M, Novotny V, Sevcu A. Polyamide-Laccase Nanofiber Membrane for Degradation of Endocrine-Disrupting Bisphenol A, 17α-ethinylestradiol, and Triclosan. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101560. [PMID: 31557869 PMCID: PMC6835364 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Contamination of potable water by endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is a growing problem worldwide. One of the possible treatments is the utilization of laccase enzyme catalyzing oxidation of phenolic structures of EDC when anchored in a polymeric nanofiber membrane. Previous studies failed to develop a membrane with a sufficiently active enzyme, or the immobilization process was too complicated and time-consuming. Here, we established an elegant method for immobilizing Trametes versicolor laccase onto polyamide 6 nanofibers (PA6-laccase) via adsorption and glutaraldehyde crosslinking, promoting high enzyme activity and easier applicability in water treatment technology. This simple and inexpensive immobilization ensures both repeated use, with over 88% of initial activity retained after five ABTS catalytic cycles, and enhanced storage stability. PA6-laccase was highly effective in degrading a 50-µM EDC mixture, with only 7% of bisphenol A, 2% of 17α-ethinylestradiol, and 30% of triclosan remaining after a 24-h catalytic process. The PA6-laccase membrane can lead to the improvement of novel technologies for controlling of EDC contamination in potable water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Maryskova
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Bendlova 1409/7, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslava Rysova
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Bendlova 1409/7, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic.
| | - Vit Novotny
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Bendlova 1409/7, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic.
| | - Alena Sevcu
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Bendlova 1409/7, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abdollahi K, Yazdani F, Panahi R. Fabrication of the robust and recyclable tyrosinase-harboring biocatalyst using ethylenediamine functionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles: nanocarrier characterization and immobilized enzyme properties. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:943-959. [PMID: 31359184 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Immobilized tyrosinase onto the functionalized nanoparticles with the ability to be reused easily in different reaction cycles to degrade phenolic compounds is known as a substantial challenge, which can be overcome through surface modification of the particles via proper chemical groups. Herein, the synthesis and silica coating of superparamagnetic nanoparticles using a simple procedure as well as their potential for tyrosinase immobilization were demonstrated. Therefore, N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine was used to functionalize the silica-coated nanoparticles with amine groups. Then, the ethylenediamine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (EMNPs) were suspended in a solution containing tetrahydrofuran and cyanuric chloride (as an activating agent) to modify nanocarriers. To immobilize enzyme, a mixture of tyrosinase and cyanuric chloride functionalized magnetic nanoparticle (Cyc/EMNPs) was shaken at room temperature. The particles were characterized by EDX, TGA, SEM, FTIR, and TEM. As a result, the successful functionalization of the magnetic nanoparticles and covalent attachment of tyrosinase onto the Cyc/EMNPs were confirmed. The fabricated nano-biocatalyst particles were semi-spherical in shape. The immobilized tyrosinase (Ty-Cyc/EMNPs) exhibited remarkable reusability of six consecutive reaction cycles while no considerable loss of activity was observed for the first three cycles. Moreover, the excellent stability of the biocatalyst at different temperatures and pHs was proved. The Ty-Cyc/EMNPs with interesting features are promising for practical applications in biosensor development and wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Abdollahi
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI), P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran.,School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora West Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Farshad Yazdani
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI), P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Panahi
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI), P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Son HF, Lee SH, Lee SH, Kim H, Hong H, Lee UJ, Lee PG, Kim BG, Kim KJ. Structural Basis for Highly Efficient Production of Catechol Derivatives at Acidic pH by Tyrosinase from Burkholderia thailandensis. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
10
|
Cheng H, Zou Y, Luo X, Song XH, Yang Z. Enzymatic synthesis of catechol-functionalized polyphenols with excellent selectivity and productivity. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
11
|
Davis R, Molloy S, Quigley B, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Solano F, O'Connor KE. Biocatalytic versatility of engineered and wild-type tyrosinase from R. solanacearum for the synthesis of 4-halocatechols. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5121-5131. [PMID: 29691629 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8994-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the kinetic characteristics of wild type (WT) and three engineered variants (RVC10, RV145, and C10_N322S) of tyrosinase from Ralstonia solanacearum and their potential as biocatalysts to produce halogenated catechols. RV145 exhibited a 3.6- to 14.5-fold improvement in catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) with both reductions in Km and increases in kcat compared to WT, making it the best R. solanacearum tyrosinase variant towards halogenated phenols. RVC10 also exhibited increases in catalytic efficiency with all the tested phenols. A single-mutation variant (C10_N322S) exhibited the greatest improvement in kcat but lowest improvement in catalytic efficiency due to an increase in Km compared to WT. Consistent with kinetic characteristics, biotransformation experiments showed that RV145 was a superior biocatalyst in comparison to WT. To prevent through conversion of the catechol to quinone, ascorbic acid (AA) was added to the biotransformation medium in 1:2 (substrate:AA) ratio resulting in a catechol yield of > 90%. Flask experiments with 10 mM 4-iodophenol and 10 μg/mL of the RV145 enzyme yielded 9.5 mM 4-iodocatechol in the presence of 20 mM AA in 30 min. Similarly, 10 mM 4-fluorophenol was completely consumed by 20 μg/mL of RV145 enzyme and yielded 9.2 mM 4-fluorocatechol in the presence of 20 mM AA in 80 min. The biotransformation of 20 mM 4-fluorphenol was incomplete (93%) and the yield of 4-flurocatechol was 87.5%. The 4-halophenol conversion rates and product yields obtained in this study are the highest reported using tyrosinase or any other enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reeta Davis
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Susan Molloy
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Blathnaid Quigley
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Institute for Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Francisco Solano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Kevin E O'Connor
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Application of mesoporous silica materials for the immobilization of polyphenol oxidase. Food Chem 2017; 217:360-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
13
|
Abdollahi K, Yazdani F, Panahi R. Covalent immobilization of tyrosinase onto cyanuric chloride crosslinked amine-functionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles: Synthesis and characterization of the recyclable nanobiocatalyst. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 94:396-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
14
|
Cieńska M, Labus K, Lewańczuk M, Koźlecki T, Liesiene J, Bryjak J. Effective L-Tyrosine Hydroxylation by Native and Immobilized Tyrosinase. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164213. [PMID: 27711193 PMCID: PMC5053437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxylation of L-tyrosine to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) by immobilized tyrosinase in the presence of ascorbic acid (AH2), which reduces DOPA-quinone to L-DOPA, is characterized by low reaction yields that are mainly caused by the suicide inactivation of tyrosinase by L-DOPA and AH2. The main aim of this work was to compare processes with native and immobilized tyrosinase to identify the conditions that limit suicide inactivation and produce substrate conversions to L-DOPA of above 50% using HPLC analysis. It was shown that immobilized tyrosinase does not suffer from partitioning and diffusion effects, allowing a direct comparison of the reactions performed with both forms of the enzyme. In typical processes, additional aeration was applied and boron ions to produce the L-DOPA and AH2 complex and hydroxylamine to close the cycle of enzyme active center transformations. It was shown that the commonly used pH 9 buffer increased enzyme stability, with concomitant reduced reactivity of 76%, and that under these conditions, the maximal substrate conversion was approximately 25 (native) to 30% (immobilized enzyme). To increase reaction yield, the pH of the reaction mixture was reduced to 8 and 7, producing L-DOPA yields of approximately 95% (native enzyme) and 70% (immobilized). A three-fold increase in the bound enzyme load achieved 95% conversion in two successive runs, but in the third one, tyrosinase lost its activity due to strong suicide inactivation caused by L-DOPA processing. In this case, the cost of the immobilized enzyme preparation is not overcome by its reuse over time, and native tyrosinase may be more economically feasible for a single use in L-DOPA production. The practical importance of the obtained results is that highly efficient hydroxylation of monophenols by tyrosinase can be obtained by selecting the proper reaction pH and is a compromise between complexation and enzyme reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Cieńska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karolina Labus
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Lewańczuk
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Koźlecki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jolanta Liesiene
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jolanta Bryjak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kampmann M, Riedel N, Mo YL, Beckers L, Wichmann R. Tyrosinase catalyzed production of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid using immobilized mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cells and in situ adsorption. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
16
|
Askari MS, Esguerra KVN, Lumb JP, Ottenwaelder X. A Biomimetic Mechanism for the Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxygenation of 4-tert-Butylphenol. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:8665-72. [PMID: 26302341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Controlling product selectivity during the catalytic aerobic oxidation of phenols remains a significant challenge that hinders reaction development. This work provides a mechanistic picture of a Cu-catalyzed, aerobic functionalization of phenols that is selective for phenoxy-coupled ortho-quinones. We show that the immediate product of the reaction is a Cu(II)-semiquinone radical complex and reveal that ortho-oxygenation precedes oxidative coupling. This complex is the resting state of the Cu catalyst during turnover at room temperature. A mechanistic study of the formation of this complex at low temperatures demonstrates that the oxygenation pathway mimics the dinuclear Cu enzyme tyrosinase by involving a dinuclear side-on peroxodicopper(II) oxidant. Unlike the enzyme, however, the rate-limiting step of the ortho-oxygenation reaction is the self-assembly of the oxidant from Cu(I) and O2. We provide details for all steps in the cycle and demonstrate that turnover is contingent upon proton-transfer events that are mediated by a slight excess of ligand. Finally, our knowledge of the reaction mechanism can be leveraged to diversify the reaction outcome. Thus, uncoupled ortho-quinones are favored in polar, coordinating media, highlighting unusually high levels of chemoselectivity for a catalytic aerobic oxidation of a phenol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S Askari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University , Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Philip Lumb
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Xavier Ottenwaelder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University , Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kinetic characterization of tyrosinase containing mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cells immobilized in silica alginate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
18
|
Microbial tyrosinases: promising enzymes for pharmaceutical, food bioprocessing, and environmental industry. Biochem Res Int 2014; 2014:854687. [PMID: 24895537 PMCID: PMC4033337 DOI: 10.1155/2014/854687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a natural enzyme and is often purified to only a low degree and it is involved in a variety of functions which mainly catalyse the o-hydroxylation of monophenols into their corresponding o-diphenols and the oxidation of o-diphenols to o-quinones using molecular oxygen, which then polymerizes to form brown or black pigments. The synthesis of o-diphenols is a potentially valuable catalytic ability and thus tyrosinase has attracted a lot of attention with respect to industrial applications. In environmental technology it is used for the detoxification of phenol-containing wastewaters and contaminated soils, as biosensors for phenol monitoring, and for the production of L-DOPA in pharmaceutical industries, and is also used in cosmetic and food industries as important catalytic enzyme. Melanin pigment synthesized by tyrosinase has found applications for protection against radiation cation exchangers, drug carriers, antioxidants, antiviral agents, or immunogen. The recombinant V. spinosum tryosinase protein can be used to produce tailor-made melanin and other polyphenolic materials using various phenols and catechols as starting materials. This review compiles the recent data on biochemical and molecular properties of microbial tyrosinases, underlining their importance in the industrial use of these enzymes. After that, their most promising applications in pharmaceutical, food processing, and environmental fields are presented.
Collapse
|
19
|
Subrizi F, Crucianelli M, Grossi V, Passacantando M, Pesci L, Saladino R. Carbon Nanotubes as Activating Tyrosinase Supports for the Selective Synthesis of Catechols. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs400856e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Subrizi
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via
Vetoio, I-67100 Coppito, AQ, Italy
| | - Marcello Crucianelli
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via
Vetoio, I-67100 Coppito, AQ, Italy
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via
Vetoio, I-67100 Coppito, AQ, Italy
| | - Maurizio Passacantando
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via
Vetoio, I-67100 Coppito, AQ, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pesci
- Department
of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department
of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Largo dell’Università, 01100 Viterbo, VT, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Catalysis and inactivation of tyrosinase in its action on o-diphenols, o-aminophenols and o-phenylendiamines: Potential use in industrial applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
21
|
Franssen MCR, Steunenberg P, Scott EL, Zuilhof H, Sanders JPM. Immobilised enzymes in biorenewables production. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:6491-533. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs00004d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
22
|
|
23
|
Layer-by-Layer coated tyrosinase: An efficient and selective synthesis of catechols. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:157-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
24
|
Guazzaroni M, Pasqualini M, Botta G, Saladino R. A Novel Synthesis of Bioactive Catechols by Layer-by-Layer Immobilized Tyrosinase in an Organic Solvent Medium. ChemCatChem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
25
|
Labus K, Turek A, Liesiene J, Bryjak J. Efficient Agaricus bisporus tyrosinase immobilization on cellulose-based carriers. Biochem Eng J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
26
|
Monti D, Ottolina G, Carrea G, Riva S. Redox Reactions Catalyzed by Isolated Enzymes. Chem Rev 2011; 111:4111-40. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100334x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ottolina
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Carrea
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Riva
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, C.N.R., Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zynek K, Bryjak J, Szymańska K, Jarzębski AB. Screening of porous and cellular materials for covalent immobilisation of Agaricus bisporus tyrosinase. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-010-0011-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
28
|
Shuster Ben-Yosef V, Sendovski M, Fishman A. Directed evolution of tyrosinase for enhanced monophenolase/diphenolase activity ratio. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
29
|
Coulombel L, Nolan LC, Nikodinovic J, Doyle EM, O’Connor KE. Biotransformation of 4-halophenols to 4-halocatechols using Escherichia coli expressing 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:1867-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|