1
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Al-Daghistani HI, Zein S, Abbas MA. Microbial communities in the Dead Sea and their potential biotechnological applications. Commun Integr Biol 2024; 17:2369782. [PMID: 38919836 PMCID: PMC11197920 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2024.2369782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The Dead Sea is unique compared to other extreme halophilic habitats. Its salinity exceeds 34%, and it is getting saltier. The Dead Sea environment is characterized by a dominance of divalent cations, with magnesium chloride (MgCl2) levels approaching the predicted 2.3 M upper limit for life, an acidic pH of 6.0, and high levels of absorbed ultraviolet radiation. Consequently, only organisms adapted to such a polyextreme environment can survive in the surface, sinkholes, sediments, muds, and underwater springs of the Dead Sea. Metagenomic sequence analysis and amino acid profiling indicated that the Dead Sea is predominantly composed of halophiles that have various adaptation mechanisms and produce metabolites that can be utilized for biotechnological purposes. A variety of products have been obtained from halophilic microorganisms isolated from the Dead Sea, such as antimicrobials, bioplastics, biofuels, extremozymes, retinal proteins, colored pigments, exopolysaccharides, and compatible solutes. These resources find applications in agriculture, food, biofuel production, industry, and bioremediation for the detoxification of wastewater and soil. Utilizing halophiles as a bioprocessing platform offers advantages such as reduced energy consumption, decreased freshwater demand, minimized capital investment, and continuous production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala I. Al-Daghistani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sima Zein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Manal A. Abbas
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
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2
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Stępień P, Świątek S, Robles MYY, Markiewicz-Mizera J, Balakrishnan D, Inaba-Inoue S, De Vries AH, Beis K, Marrink SJ, Heddle JG. CRAFTing Delivery of Membrane Proteins into Protocells using Nanodiscs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15. [PMID: 38015973 PMCID: PMC10726305 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
For the successful generative engineering of functional artificial cells, a convenient and controllable means of delivering membrane proteins into membrane lipid bilayers is necessary. Here we report a delivery system that achieves this by employing membrane protein-carrying nanodiscs and the calcium-dependent fusion of phosphatidylserine lipid membranes. We show that lipid nanodiscs can fuse a transported lipid bilayer with the lipid bilayers of small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) or giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) while avoiding recipient vesicles aggregation. This is triggered by a simple, transient increase in calcium concentration, which results in efficient and rapid fusion in a one-pot reaction. Furthermore, nanodiscs can be loaded with membrane proteins that can be delivered into target SUV or GUV membranes in a detergent-independent fashion while retaining their functionality. Nanodiscs have a proven ability to carry a wide range of membrane proteins, control their oligomeric state, and are highly adaptable. Given this, our approach may be the basis for the development of useful tools that will allow bespoke delivery of membrane proteins to protocells, equipping them with the cell-like ability to exchange material across outer/subcellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Stępień
- Malopolska
Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Sylwia Świątek
- Malopolska
Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | | | | | - Dhanasekaran Balakrishnan
- Malopolska
Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
- Postgraduate
School of Molecular Medicine, Żwirki i Wigury 61, Warsaw 02-091, Poland
| | - Satomi Inaba-Inoue
- Department
of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Rutherford
Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at
Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, U.K.
| | - Alex H. De Vries
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Konstantinos Beis
- Department
of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Rutherford
Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at
Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, U.K.
| | - Siewert J. Marrink
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan G. Heddle
- Malopolska
Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
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3
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Petrovskaya LE, Lukashev EP, Mamedov MD, Kryukova EA, Balashov SP, Dolgikh DA, Rubin AB, Kirpichnikov MP, Siletsky SA. Oriented Insertion of ESR-Containing Hybrid Proteins in Proteoliposomes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087369. [PMID: 37108532 PMCID: PMC10138546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial rhodopsins comprise a diverse family of retinal-containing membrane proteins that convert absorbed light energy to transmembrane ion transport or sensory signals. Incorporation of these proteins in proteoliposomes allows their properties to be studied in a native-like environment; however, unidirectional protein orientation in the artificial membranes is rarely observed. We aimed to obtain proteoliposomes with unidirectional orientation using a proton-pumping retinal protein from Exiguobacterium sibiricum, ESR, as a model. Three ESR hybrids with soluble protein domains (mCherry or thioredoxin at the C-terminus and Caf1M chaperone at the N-terminus) were obtained and characterized. The photocycle of the hybrid proteins incorporated in proteoliposomes demonstrated a higher pKa of the M state accumulation compared to that of the wild-type ESR. Large negative electrogenic phases and an increase in the relative amplitude of kinetic components in the microsecond time range in the kinetics of membrane potential generation of ESR-Cherry and ESR-Trx indicate a decrease in the efficiency of transmembrane proton transport. On the contrary, Caf-ESR demonstrates a native-like kinetics of membrane potential generation and the corresponding electrogenic stages. Our experiments show that the hybrid with Caf1M promotes the unidirectional orientation of ESR in proteoliposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lada E Petrovskaya
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniy P Lukashev
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mahir D Mamedov
- Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Kryukova
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei P Balashov
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Dmitry A Dolgikh
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei B Rubin
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail P Kirpichnikov
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A Siletsky
- Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Islam MS, Gaston JP, Baker MAB. Fluorescence Approaches for Characterizing Ion Channels in Synthetic Bilayers. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:857. [PMID: 34832086 PMCID: PMC8619978 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels are membrane proteins that play important roles in a wide range of fundamental cellular processes. Studying membrane proteins at a molecular level becomes challenging in complex cellular environments. Instead, many studies focus on the isolation and reconstitution of the membrane proteins into model lipid membranes. Such simpler, in vitro, systems offer the advantage of control over the membrane and protein composition and the lipid environment. Rhodopsin and rhodopsin-like ion channels are widely studied due to their light-interacting properties and are a natural candidate for investigation with fluorescence methods. Here we review techniques for synthesizing liposomes and for reconstituting membrane proteins into lipid bilayers. We then summarize fluorescence assays which can be used to verify the functionality of reconstituted membrane proteins in synthetic liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sirajul Islam
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.S.I.); (J.P.G.)
| | - James P. Gaston
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.S.I.); (J.P.G.)
| | - Matthew A. B. Baker
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (M.S.I.); (J.P.G.)
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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5
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Smitienko OA, Feldman TB, Petrovskaya LE, Nekrasova OV, Yakovleva MA, Shelaev IV, Gostev FE, Cherepanov DA, Kolchugina IB, Dolgikh DA, Nadtochenko VA, Kirpichnikov MP, Ostrovsky MA. Comparative Femtosecond Spectroscopy of Primary Photoreactions of Exiguobacterium sibiricum Rhodopsin and Halobacterium salinarum Bacteriorhodopsin. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:995-1008. [PMID: 33475375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The primary stages of the Exiguobacterium sibiricum rhodopsin (ESR) photocycle were investigated by femtosecond absorption laser spectroscopy in the spectral range of 400-900 nm with a time resolution of 25 fs. The dynamics of the ESR photoreaction were compared with the reactions of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) in purple membranes (bRPM) and in recombinant form (bRrec). The primary intermediates of the ESR photocycle were similar to intermediates I, J, and K in bacteriorhodopsin photoconversion. The CONTIN program was applied to analyze the characteristic times of the observed processes and to clarify the reaction scheme. A similar photoreaction pattern was observed for all studied retinal proteins, including two consecutive dynamic Stokes shift phases lasting ∼0.05 and ∼0.15 ps. The excited state decays through a femtosecond reactive pathway, leading to retinal isomerization and formation of product J, and a picosecond nonreactive pathway that leads only to the initial state. Retinal photoisomerization in ESR takes 0.69 ps, compared with 0.48 ps in bRPM and 0.74 ps in bRrec. The nonreactive excited state decay takes 5 ps in ESR and ∼3 ps in bR. We discuss the similarity of the primary reactions of ESR and other retinal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana B Feldman
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Moscow 119334, Russia.,Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Lada E Petrovskaya
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Oksana V Nekrasova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | | | - Ivan V Shelaev
- Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Fedor E Gostev
- Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Irina B Kolchugina
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Dolgikh
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Victor A Nadtochenko
- Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail P Kirpichnikov
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Ostrovsky
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Moscow 119334, Russia.,Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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6
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Abarghooi Kahaki F, Monzavi S, Bamehr H, Bandani E, Payandeh Z, Jahangiri A, Khalili S. Expression and Purification of Membrane Proteins in Different Hosts. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-10009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Kooijman L, Schuster M, Baumann C, Jurt S, Löhr F, Fürtig B, Güntert P, Zerbe O. Dynamics of Bacteriorhodopsin in the Dark‐Adapted State from Solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Kooijman
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Matthias Schuster
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Christian Baumann
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Simon Jurt
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Frank Löhr
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance Goethe University Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 9 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Boris Fürtig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Goethe University Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Peter Güntert
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance Goethe University Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Straße 9 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry ETH Zürich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Oliver Zerbe
- Department of Chemistry University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
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8
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Kooijman L, Schuster M, Baumann C, Jurt S, Löhr F, Fürtig B, Güntert P, Zerbe O. Dynamics of Bacteriorhodopsin in the Dark-Adapted State from Solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20965-20972. [PMID: 32726501 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To achieve efficient proton pumping in the light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin (bR), the protein must be tightly coupled to the retinal to rapidly convert retinal isomerization into protein structural rearrangements. Methyl group dynamics of bR embedded in lipid nanodiscs were determined in the dark-adapted state, and were found to be mostly well ordered at the cytosolic side. Methyl groups in the M145A mutant of bR, which displays only 10 % residual proton pumping activity, are less well ordered, suggesting a link between side-chain dynamics on the cytosolic side of the bR cavity and proton pumping activity. In addition, slow conformational exchange, attributed to low frequency motions of aromatic rings, was indirectly observed for residues on the extracellular side of the bR cavity. This may be related to reorganization of the water network. These observations provide a detailed picture of previously undescribed equilibrium dynamics on different time scales for ground-state bR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Kooijman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Schuster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Baumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Jurt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Löhr
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Boris Fürtig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Güntert
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Zerbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Kooijman L, Ansorge P, Schuster M, Baumann C, Löhr F, Jurt S, Güntert P, Zerbe O. Backbone and methyl assignment of bacteriorhodopsin incorporated into nanodiscs. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2020; 74:45-60. [PMID: 31754899 PMCID: PMC7015963 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-019-00289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Resonance assignments are challenging for membrane proteins due to the size of the lipid/detergent-protein complex and the presence of line-broadening from conformational exchange. As a consequence, many correlations are missing in the triple-resonance NMR experiments typically used for assignments. Herein, we present an approach in which correlations from these solution-state NMR experiments are supplemented by data from 13C unlabeling, single-amino acid type labeling, 4D NOESY data and proximity of moieties to lipids or water in combination with a structure of the protein. These additional data are used to edit the expected peaklists for the automated assignment protocol FLYA, a module of the program package CYANA. We demonstrate application of the protocol to the 262-residue proton pump from archaeal bacteriorhodopsin (bR) in lipid nanodiscs. The lipid-protein assembly is characterized by an overall correlation time of 44 ns. The protocol yielded assignments for 62% of all backbone (H, N, Cα, Cβ, C') resonances of bR, corresponding to 74% of all observed backbone spin systems, and 60% of the Ala, Met, Ile (δ1), Leu and Val methyl groups, thus enabling to assign a large fraction of the protein without mutagenesis data. Most missing resonances stem from the extracellular half, likely due intermediate exchange line-broadening. Further analysis revealed that missing information of the amino acid type of the preceding residue is the largest problem, and that 4D NOESY experiments are particularly helpful to compensate for that information loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Kooijman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Ansorge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Schuster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Baumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frank Löhr
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simon Jurt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Güntert
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Oliver Zerbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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10
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Lama R, Pereiro P, Novoa B, Coll J. Sea Bass Immunization to Downsize the Betanodavirus Protein Displayed in the Surface of Inactivated Repair-Less Bacteria. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E94. [PMID: 31434322 PMCID: PMC6789578 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
: This work describes immunization of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles against viral nervous necrosis virus (VNNV), a betanodavirus causing worldwide mortalities in many fish species. Protection was obtained with the so-called spinycterin vehicles consisting of irreversibly DNA-damaged DNA-repair-less Escherichia coli displaying at their surface a downsized VNNV coat antigen. In this work we have i) maximized bacterial expression levels by downsizing the coat protein of VNNV to a fragment (frgC91-220) containing most of its previously determined antigenicity, ii) developed a scalable autoinduction culture media for E.coli based in soy-bean rather than in casein hydrolysates, iii) enriched surface expression by screening different anchors from several prokaryotic sources (anchor + frgC91-220 recombinant products), iv) preserved frgC91-220 antigenicity by inactivating bacteria by irreversible DNA-damage by means of Ciprofloxacin, and v) increased safety using a repair-less E.coli strain as chassis for the spinycterins. These spinycterins protected fish against VNNV challenge with partial (Nmistic + frgC91-220) or total (YBEL + frgC91-220) levels of protection, in contrast to fish immunized with frgC91-220 spinycterins. The proposed spinycterin platform has high levels of environmental safety and cost effectiveness and required no adjuvants, thus providing potential to further develop VNNV vaccines for sustainable aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Lama
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Novoa
- Institute of Marine Research (IIM). Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | - Julio Coll
- National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Biotechnology Department, La Coruña road, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Verma DK, Baral I, Kumar A, Prasad SE, Thakur KG. Discovery of bacteriorhodopsins in Haloarchaeal species isolated from Indian solar salterns: deciphering the role of the N-terminal residues in protein folding and functional expression. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:434-446. [PMID: 30648822 PMCID: PMC6465532 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Interesting optical and photochemical properties make microbial rhodopsin a promising biological material suitable for various applications, but the cost-prohibitive nature of production has limited its commercialization. The aim of this study was to explore the natural biodiversity of Indian solar salterns to isolate natural bacteriorhodopsin (BR) variants that can be functionally expressed in Escherichia coli. In this study, we report the isolation, functional expression and purification of BRs from three pigmented haloarchaea, wsp3 (water sample Pondicherry), wsp5 and K1T isolated from two Indian solar salterns. The results of the 16S rRNA data analysis suggest that wsp3, wsp5 and K1T are novel strains belonging to the genera Halogeometricum, Haloferax and Haloarcula respectively. Overall, the results of our study suggest that 17 N-terminal residues, that were not included in the gene annotation of the close sequence homologues, are essential for functional expression of BRs. The primary sequence, secondary structural content, thermal stability and absorbance spectral properties of these recombinant BRs are similar to those of the previously reported Haloarcula marismortui HmBRI. This study demonstrates the cost-effective, functional expression of BRs isolated from haloarchaeal species using E. coli as an expression host and paves the way for feasibility studies for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Kumar Verma
- Structural Biology LaboratoryG. N. Ramachandran Protein CentreCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research‐Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR‐IMTECH)Chandigarh160036India
| | - Ishita Baral
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development CentreCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research‐Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR‐IMTECH)Chandigarh160036India
| | - Atul Kumar
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development CentreCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research‐Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR‐IMTECH)Chandigarh160036India
| | - Senthil E. Prasad
- Biochemical Engineering Research and Process Development CentreCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research‐Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR‐IMTECH)Chandigarh160036India
| | - Krishan Gopal Thakur
- Structural Biology LaboratoryG. N. Ramachandran Protein CentreCouncil of Scientific and Industrial Research‐Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR‐IMTECH)Chandigarh160036India
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12
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Alsafadi D, Khalili FI, Juwhari H, Lahlouh B. Purification and biochemical characterization of photo-active membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin from Haloarcula marismortui, an extreme halophile from the Dead Sea. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1942-1947. [PMID: 30017983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) is an exciting photo-active retinal protein with many potential industrial applications. In this study, BR from the extremely halophilic archaeon Haloarcula marismortui (HmBR) was purified successfully using aqueous two phase extraction method. Absorption spectroscopy analysis showed maximum absorption peak of HmBR retinal protein (λmax) at 415 nm. The purified HmBR was visualized by SDS-PAGE, with a subunit molecular mass of 27 kDa, and its identity was confirmed by resonance Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The effect of pH and salt concentration on the absorption spectrum of HmBR was evaluated. Red-shifted in λmax of HmBR was recorded at acidic condition (pH 5) and HmBR showed remarkable optical activity under high salinity condition. The photoelectric activity of HmBR was evaluated by measuring the DC-voltage generated from HmBR coated on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass when light illumination was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fawwaz I Khalili
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Hassan Juwhari
- Department of Physics, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Bashar Lahlouh
- Department of Physics, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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Smitienko OA, Nekrasova OV, Kudriavtsev AV, Yakovleva MA, Shelaev IV, Gostev FE, Dolgikh DA, Kolchugina IB, Nadtochenko VA, Kirpichnikov MP, Feldman TB, Ostrovsky MA. Femtosecond and picosecond dynamics of recombinant bacteriorhodopsin primary reactions compared to the native protein in trimeric and monomeric forms. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:490-500. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917040113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Alves NS, Astrinidis SA, Eisenhardt N, Sieverding C, Redolfi J, Lorenz M, Weberruss M, Moreno-Andrés D, Antonin W. MISTIC-fusion proteins as antigens for high quality membrane protein antibodies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41519. [PMID: 28148968 PMCID: PMC5288655 DOI: 10.1038/srep41519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of high-quality antibodies against transmembrane proteins is a widely recognized hindrance in biomedical and cell biological research. Here we present a robust pipeline for the generation of polyclonal antibodies employing full-length membrane proteins as immunogens to overcome this "antibody bottleneck". We express transmembrane proteins fused to a MISTIC fragment that enhances expression of eukaryotic membrane proteins in E. coli. Purified membrane proteins are used as immunogen for rabbit injection employing standard immunizing protocols. The raised antibodies against membrane proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear envelope, which we use as test cases, function in a wide range of applications and are superior to ones produced against soluble domains as immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Silva Alves
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Spemannstraße 39, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Adina Astrinidis
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Spemannstraße 39, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nathalie Eisenhardt
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Spemannstraße 39, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Sieverding
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Spemannstraße 39, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Josef Redolfi
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Spemannstraße 39, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Lorenz
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Spemannstraße 39, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marion Weberruss
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Spemannstraße 39, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Moreno-Andrés
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Spemannstraße 39, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram Antonin
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Spemannstraße 39, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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15
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Bratanov D, Balandin T, Round E, Shevchenko V, Gushchin I, Polovinkin V, Borshchevskiy V, Gordeliy V. An Approach to Heterologous Expression of Membrane Proteins. The Case of Bacteriorhodopsin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128390. [PMID: 26046789 PMCID: PMC4457421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterologous overexpression of functional membrane proteins is a major bottleneck of structural biology. Bacteriorhodopsin from Halobium salinarum (bR) is a striking example of the difficulties in membrane protein overexpression. We suggest a general approach with a finite number of steps which allows one to localize the underlying problem of poor expression of a membrane protein using bR as an example. Our approach is based on constructing chimeric proteins comprising parts of a protein of interest and complementary parts of a homologous protein demonstrating advantageous expression. This complementary protein approach allowed us to increase bR expression by two orders of magnitude through the introduction of two silent mutations into bR coding DNA. For the first time the high quality crystals of bR expressed in E. Coli were obtained using the produced protein. The crystals obtained with in meso nanovolume crystallization diffracted to 1.67 Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Bratanov
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS), ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Crystallography, University of Aachen (RWTH), Jägerstrasse 17–19, Aachen, Germany
| | - Taras Balandin
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS), ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Round
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS), ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IBS, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
- CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Vitaly Shevchenko
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS), ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Research-Educational Centre “Bionanophysics”, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudniy, Russia
| | - Ivan Gushchin
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS), ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IBS, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
- CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
- Research-Educational Centre “Bionanophysics”, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudniy, Russia
| | - Vitaly Polovinkin
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS), ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IBS, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
- CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
- Research-Educational Centre “Bionanophysics”, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudniy, Russia
| | - Valentin Borshchevskiy
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS), ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Research-Educational Centre “Bionanophysics”, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudniy, Russia
| | - Valentin Gordeliy
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS), ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IBS, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
- CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
- Research-Educational Centre “Bionanophysics”, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudniy, Russia
- * E-mail:
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Broecker J, Fiedler S, Gimpl K, Keller S. Polar Interactions Trump Hydrophobicity in Stabilizing the Self-Inserting Membrane Protein Mistic. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13761-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5064795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Broecker
- Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straβe 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fiedler
- Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straβe 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Katharina Gimpl
- Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straβe 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sandro Keller
- Molecular Biophysics, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straβe 13, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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17
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Kahaki FA, Babaeipour V, Memari HR, Mofid MR. High overexpression and purification of optimized bacterio-opsin from Halobacterium Salinarum R1 in E. coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 174:1558-1571. [PMID: 25123363 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purple membrane of Halobacterium Salinarum carries out a protein, bacteriorhodopsin (bR), which is a model for structure-function studies of membrane proteins. The heterologous expression of integral membrane proteins (IMPS) is difficult. In this study, we reported the heterologous overexpression of bacterio-opsin (bO) in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Bacterio-opsin expression is facilitated by using mistic, a membrane protein from Bacillus subtilis in E. coli BL21 (DE3) membranes. The optimized bO gene was cloned in fusion to the C-terminus of mistic in pET 30a (+) and contains an oct-histidine in C-terminal to facilitate purification. Different medium, temperature, and induction time were used to optimize protein overexpression. The highest expression was obtained from the Terrific Broth (TB) medium at 18 °C with an IPTG concentration of 0.1 mM. The final purified bR was 192 ± 1 mg/L which has an important value for the production of membrane proteins in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abarghooi Kahaki
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Valiollah Babaeipour
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Rajabi Memari
- Center of Biotechnology and Life Sciences and School of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mofid
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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18
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Shiu PJ, Ju YH, Chen HM, Lee CK. Facile isolation of purple membrane from Halobacterium salinarum via aqueous-two-phase system. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 89:219-24. [PMID: 23583309 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Purple membrane (PM) is a part of cytoplasmic membrane in certain extreme halophilic microorganisms belonging to Domain Archaea. It transduces light energy to generate proton gradient for ATP synthesis in the microorganisms. Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) is the only protein in PM responsible for the generation of proton gradient. Generally, PM was purified from Halobacterium salinarum via a tedious and lengthy sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation (SGU). In this work, a facile method based on polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-phosphate aqueous-two- phase extraction system (ATPS) was employed to purify PM from cell lysate of H. salinarum. The results showed that PM could be completely recovered from the interface of PEG-phosphate ATPS with BR purity ca 94.1% as measured by UV-visible absorption spectra. In comparison with PM obtained by SGU, the PM isolated by ATPS could achieve the same level of purity and photocurrent activity (ca 177.2nA/μgBR/cm(2)) as analyzed by SDS-PAGE and photocurrent measurement, respectively. The easily scalable and straightforward ATPS procedure demonstrated that PM can be purified and recovered more cost-effectively with a significantly reduced operation time that should lead to broader range applications of PM possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Jing Shiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Keelung Rd. Section 4, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
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19
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Marino J, Geertsma ER, Zerbe O. Topogenesis of heterologously expressed fragments of the human Y4 GPCR. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:3055-63. [PMID: 22867850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fragments of large membrane proteins have the potential to facilitate structural analysis by NMR, but their folding state remains a concern. Here we determined the quality of folding upon heterologous expression for a series of N- or C-terminally truncated fragments of the human Y4 G-protein coupled receptor, amounting to six different complementation pairs. As the individual fragments lack a specific function that could be used to ascertain proper folding, we instead assessed folding on a basic level by studying their membrane topology and by comparing it to well-established structural models of GPCRs. The topology of the fragments was determined using a reporter assay based on C-terminal green fluorescent protein- or alkaline phosphatase-fusions. N-terminal fusions to Lep or Mistic were used if a periplasmic orientation of the N-terminus of the fragments was expected based on predictions. Fragments fused to Mistic expressed at comparably high levels, whereas Lep fusions were produced to a much lower extent. Though none of the fragments exclusively adopted one orientation, often the correct topology predominated. In addition, systematic analysis of the fragment series suggested that the C-terminal half of the Y4 receptor is more important for adopting the correct topology than the N-terminal part. Using the detergent dodecylphosphocholine, selected fragments were solubilized from the membrane and proved sufficiently stable to allow purification. Finally, as a first step toward reconstituting a functional receptor from two fragments, we observed a physical interaction between complementing fragments pairs upon co-expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Marino
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Bernaudat F, Frelet-Barrand A, Pochon N, Dementin S, Hivin P, Boutigny S, Rioux JB, Salvi D, Seigneurin-Berny D, Richaud P, Joyard J, Pignol D, Sabaty M, Desnos T, Pebay-Peyroula E, Darrouzet E, Vernet T, Rolland N. Heterologous expression of membrane proteins: choosing the appropriate host. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29191. [PMID: 22216205 PMCID: PMC3244453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Membrane proteins are the targets of 50% of drugs, although they only represent 1% of total cellular proteins. The first major bottleneck on the route to their functional and structural characterisation is their overexpression; and simply choosing the right system can involve many months of trial and error. This work is intended as a guide to where to start when faced with heterologous expression of a membrane protein. Methodology/Principal Findings The expression of 20 membrane proteins, both peripheral and integral, in three prokaryotic (E. coli, L. lactis, R. sphaeroides) and three eukaryotic (A. thaliana, N. benthamiana, Sf9 insect cells) hosts was tested. The proteins tested were of various origins (bacteria, plants and mammals), functions (transporters, receptors, enzymes) and topologies (between 0 and 13 transmembrane segments). The Gateway system was used to clone all 20 genes into appropriate vectors for the hosts to be tested. Culture conditions were optimised for each host, and specific strategies were tested, such as the use of Mistic fusions in E. coli. 17 of the 20 proteins were produced at adequate yields for functional and, in some cases, structural studies. We have formulated general recommendations to assist with choosing an appropriate system based on our observations of protein behaviour in the different hosts. Conclusions/Significance Most of the methods presented here can be quite easily implemented in other laboratories. The results highlight certain factors that should be considered when selecting an expression host. The decision aide provided should help both newcomers and old-hands to select the best system for their favourite membrane protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Bernaudat
- Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel, CEA, Grenoble, France.
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21
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Deniaud A, Bernaudat F, Frelet-Barrand A, Juillan-Binard C, Vernet T, Rolland N, Pebay-Peyroula E. Expression of a chloroplast ATP/ADP transporter in E. coli membranes: behind the Mistic strategy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1808:2059-66. [PMID: 21550334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic membrane protein expression is still a major bottleneck for structural studies. Production in E. coli often leads to low expression level and/or aggregated proteins. In the last decade, strategies relying on new fusion protein expression revealed promising results. Fusion with the amphipatic Mistic protein has been described to favor expression in E. coli membranes. Although, this approach has already been reported for a few membrane proteins, little is known about the activity of the fused proteins. We used this strategy and obtained high expression levels of a chloroplast ATP/ADP transporter from A. thaliana (NTT1) and characterized its transport properties. NTT1 fused to Mistic has a very low transport activity which can be recovered after in vivo Mistic fusion cleavage. Moreover, detailed molecular characterization of purified NTT1 mature form, NTT1 fused to Mistic or NTT1 cleaved-off from this fusion highlights the correct fold of the latter one. Therefore, considering the higher quantity of purified NTT1 mature form obtained via the Mistic fusion approach, this is a valuable strategy for obtaining quantities of pure and active proteins that are adequate for structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Deniaud
- CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel, 41 rue Jules Horowitz, F-38027 Grenoble, France
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