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DeLoose M, Clúa J, Cho H, Zheng L, Masmoudi K, Desnos T, Krouk G, Nussaume L, Poirier Y, Rouached H. Recent advances in unraveling the mystery of combined nutrient stress in plants. Plant J 2024; 117:1764-1780. [PMID: 37921230 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Efficiently regulating growth to adapt to varying resource availability is crucial for organisms, including plants. In particular, the acquisition of essential nutrients is vital for plant development, as a shortage of just one nutrient can significantly decrease crop yield. However, plants constantly experience fluctuations in the presence of multiple essential mineral nutrients, leading to combined nutrient stress conditions. Unfortunately, our understanding of how plants perceive and respond to these multiple stresses remains limited. Unlocking this mystery could provide valuable insights and help enhance plant nutrition strategies. This review focuses specifically on the regulation of phosphorous homeostasis in plants, with a primary emphasis on recent studies that have shed light on the intricate interactions between phosphorous and other essential elements, such as nitrogen, iron, and zinc, as well as non-essential elements like aluminum and sodium. By summarizing and consolidating these findings, this review aims to contribute to a better understanding of how plants respond to and cope with combined nutrient stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan DeLoose
- The Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Joaquin Clúa
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Huikyong Cho
- The Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Luqing Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Khaled Masmoudi
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thierry Desnos
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, EBMP, UMR7265, Cité des énergies, 13115, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Gabriel Krouk
- IPSiM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, EBMP, UMR7265, Cité des énergies, 13115, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Yves Poirier
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hatem Rouached
- The Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
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Kaur H, Teulon JM, Godon C, Desnos T, Chen SWW, Pellequer JL. Correlation between plant cell wall stiffening and root extension arrest phenotype in the combined abiotic stress of Fe and Al. Plant Cell Environ 2024; 47:574-584. [PMID: 37876357 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The plasticity and growth of plant cell walls (CWs) remain poorly understood at the molecular level. In this work, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to observe elastic responses of the root transition zone of 4-day-old Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type and almt1-mutant seedlings grown under Fe or Al stresses. Elastic parameters were deduced from force-distance curve measurements using the trimechanic-3PCS framework. The presence of single metal species Fe2+ or Al3+ at 10 µM exerts no noticeable effect on the root growth compared with the control conditions. On the contrary, a mix of both the metal ions produced a strong root-extension arrest concomitant with significant increase of CW stiffness. Raising the concentration of either Fe2+ or Al3+ to 20 µM, no root-extension arrest was observed; nevertheless, an increase in root stiffness occurred. In the presence of both the metal ions at 10 µM, root-extension arrest was not observed in the almt1 mutant, which substantially abolishes the ability to exude malate. Our results indicate that the combination of Fe2+ and Al3+ with exuded malate is crucial for both CW stiffening and root-extension arrest. However, stiffness increase induced by single Fe2+ or Al3+ is not sufficient for arresting root growth in our experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Godon
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, Cadarache, France
| | - Thierry Desnos
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, Cadarache, France
| | - Shu-Wen W Chen
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
- Rue Cyprien Jullin, Vinay, France
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3
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Hani S, Mercier C, David P, Desnos T, Escudier JM, Bertrand E, Nussaume L. smFISH for Plants. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2784:87-100. [PMID: 38502480 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3766-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) is a powerful method for the visualization and quantification of individual RNA molecules within intact cells. With its ability to probe gene expression at the single cell and single-molecule level, the technique offers valuable insights into cellular processes and cell-to-cell heterogeneity. Although widely used in the animal field, its use in plants has been limited. Here, we present an experimental smFISH workflow that allows researchers to overcome hybridization and imaging challenges in plants, including sample preparation, probe hybridization, and signal detection. Overall, this protocol holds great promise for unraveling the intricacies of gene expression regulation and RNA dynamics at the single-molecule level in whole plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Hani
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, Saint-Paul lez Durance, France
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Mercier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, Saint-Paul lez Durance, France
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Univesité de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascale David
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, Saint-Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Thierry Desnos
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, Saint-Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Jean-Marc Escudier
- Laboratoire Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'intérêt Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Edouard Bertrand
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, UMR9002, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, Saint-Paul lez Durance, France.
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Kaur H, Teulon JM, Foucher AE, Fenel D, Chen SWW, Godon C, Desnos T, Pellequer JL. Measuring external primary cell wall elasticity of seedling roots using atomic force microscopy. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102265. [PMID: 37200196 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Stiffness plays a central action in plant cell extension. Here, we present a protocol to detect changes in stiffness on the external epidermal cell wall of living plant roots using atomic force microscopy (AFM). We provide generalized instructions for collecting force-distance curves and analysis of stiffness using contact-based mechanical model. With this protocol, and some initial training in AFM, a user is able to perform indentation experiments on 4- and 5-day-old Arabidopsis thaliana and determine stiffness properties. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Godon et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daphna Fenel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Shu-Wen W Chen
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, 38000 Grenoble, France; Rue Cyprien Jullin, 38470 Vinay, France
| | - Christian Godon
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul lez-Durance, France
| | - Thierry Desnos
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, Equipe Bioénergies et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.
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5
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Gojon A, Nussaume L, Luu DT, Murchie EH, Baekelandt A, Rodrigues Saltenis VL, Cohan J, Desnos T, Inzé D, Ferguson JN, Guiderdonni E, Krapp A, Klein Lankhorst R, Maurel C, Rouached H, Parry MAJ, Pribil M, Scharff LB, Nacry P. Approaches and determinants to sustainably improve crop production. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Gojon
- BPMP Institut Agro Univ Montpellier INRAE CNRS Montpellier France
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- UMR7265 Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes Service de Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementales Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie CNRS‐CEA‐Université Aix‐Marseille Saint‐Paul‐lez‐Durance France
| | - Doan T. Luu
- BPMP Institut Agro Univ Montpellier INRAE CNRS Montpellier France
| | - Erik H. Murchie
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Loughborough UK
| | - Alexandra Baekelandt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
| | | | | | - Thierry Desnos
- UMR7265 Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes Service de Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementales Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie CNRS‐CEA‐Université Aix‐Marseille Saint‐Paul‐lez‐Durance France
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent Belgium
| | - John N. Ferguson
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Loughborough UK
- Department of Plant Sciences University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | | | - Anne Krapp
- Institut Jean‐Pierre Bourgin INRAE AgroParisTech Université Paris‐Saclay Versailles France
| | - René Klein Lankhorst
- Wageningen Plant Research Wageningen University & Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | | | - Hatem Rouached
- BPMP Institut Agro Univ Montpellier INRAE CNRS Montpellier France
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | | | - Mathias Pribil
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Centre University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Lars B. Scharff
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Copenhagen Plant Science Centre University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Philippe Nacry
- BPMP Institut Agro Univ Montpellier INRAE CNRS Montpellier France
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6
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Nussaume L, Desnos T. "Je t'aime moi non plus": A love-hate relationship between iron and phosphate. Mol Plant 2022; 15:1-2. [PMID: 34813949 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Nussaume
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVE (Signalisation pour l'Adaptation des Végétaux à leur Environnement), Saint-Paul lez Durance, France.
| | - Thierry Desnos
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVE (Signalisation pour l'Adaptation des Végétaux à leur Environnement), Saint-Paul lez Durance, France.
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7
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Le Poder L, Mercier C, Février L, Duong N, David P, Pluchon S, Nussaume L, Desnos T. Uncoupling Aluminum Toxicity From Aluminum Signals in the STOP1 Pathway. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:785791. [PMID: 35592558 PMCID: PMC9111536 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.785791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is a major limiting factor for crop production on acidic soils, inhibiting root growth and plant development. At acidic pH (pH < 5.5), Al3+ ions are the main form of Al present in the media. Al3+ ions have an increased solubility at pH < 5.5 and result in plant toxicity. At higher pH, the free Al3+ fraction decreases in the media, but whether plants can detect Al at these pHs remain unknown. To cope with Al stress, the SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY1 (STOP1) transcription factor induces AL-ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER1 (ALMT1), a malate-exuding transporter as a strategy to chelate the toxic ions in the rhizosphere. Here, we uncoupled the Al signalling pathway that controls STOP1 from Al toxicity using wild type (WT) and two stop1 mutants carrying the pALMT1:GUS construct with an agar powder naturally containing low amounts of phosphate, iron (Fe), and Al. We combined gene expression [real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and the pALMT1:GUS reporter], confocal microscopy (pSTOP1:GFP-STOP1 reporter), and root growth measurement to assess the effects of Al and Fe on the STOP1-ALMT1 pathway in roots. Our results show that Al triggers STOP1 signaling at a concentration as little as 2 μM and can be detected at a pH above 6.0. We observed that at pH 5.7, 20 μM AlCl3 induces ALMT1 in WT but does not inhibit root growth in stop1 Al-hypersensitive mutants. Increasing AlCl3 concentration (>50 μM) at pH 5.7 results in the inhibition of the stop1 mutants primary root. Using the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-STOP1 and ALMT1 reporters, we show that the Al signal pathway can be uncoupled from the Al toxicity on the root. Furthermore, we observe that Al strengthens the Fe-mediated inhibition of primary root growth in WT, suggesting an interaction between Fe and Al on the STOP1-ALMT1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Le Poder
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR 7265, SAVE, Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Caroline Mercier
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR 7265, SAVE, Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agroinnovation International – TIMAC AGRO, Saint-Malo, France
| | | | - Nathalie Duong
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR 7265, SAVE, Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Pascale David
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR 7265, SAVE, Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Sylvain Pluchon
- Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, Agroinnovation International – TIMAC AGRO, Saint-Malo, France
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR 7265, SAVE, Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Thierry Desnos
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR 7265, SAVE, Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
- *Correspondence: Thierry Desnos,
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8
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Mercier C, Roux B, Have M, Le Poder L, Duong N, David P, Leonhardt N, Blanchard L, Naumann C, Abel S, Cuyas L, Pluchon S, Nussaume L, Desnos T. Root responses to aluminium and iron stresses require the SIZ1 SUMO ligase to modulate the STOP1 transcription factor. Plant J 2021; 108:1507-1521. [PMID: 34612534 PMCID: PMC9298234 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
STOP1, an Arabidopsis transcription factor favouring root growth tolerance against Al toxicity, acts in the response to iron under low Pi (-Pi). Previous studies have shown that Al and Fe regulate the stability and accumulation of STOP1 in roots, and that the STOP1 protein is sumoylated by an unknown E3 ligase. Here, using a forward genetics suppressor screen, we identified the E3 SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) ligase SIZ1 as a modulator of STOP1 signalling. Mutations in SIZ1 increase the expression of ALMT1 (a direct target of STOP1) and root growth responses to Al and Fe stress in a STOP1-dependent manner. Moreover, loss-of-function mutations in SIZ1 enhance the abundance of STOP1 in the root tip. However, no sumoylated STOP1 protein was detected by Western blot analysis in our sumoylation assay in Escherichia coli, suggesting the presence of a more sophisticated mechanism. We conclude that the sumo ligase SIZ1 negatively regulates STOP1 signalling, at least in part by modulating STOP1 protein in the root tip. Our results will allow a better understanding of this signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Mercier
- Aix Marseille UnivCEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVESaint Paul‐Lez‐Durance13108France
- Laboratoire de Nutrition VégétaleAgroinnovation International—TIMAC AGROSaint‐MaloFrance
| | - Brice Roux
- Aix Marseille UnivCEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVESaint Paul‐Lez‐Durance13108France
| | - Marien Have
- Aix Marseille UnivCEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVESaint Paul‐Lez‐Durance13108France
| | - Léa Le Poder
- Aix Marseille UnivCEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVESaint Paul‐Lez‐Durance13108France
| | - Nathalie Duong
- Aix Marseille UnivCEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVESaint Paul‐Lez‐Durance13108France
| | - Pascale David
- Aix Marseille UnivCEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVESaint Paul‐Lez‐Durance13108France
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- Aix Marseille UnivCEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVESaint Paul‐Lez‐Durance13108France
| | - Laurence Blanchard
- Aix Marseille UnivCEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, MEMSaint Paul‐Lez‐Durance13108France
| | - Christin Naumann
- Department of Molecular Signal ProcessingLeibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle (Saale)06120Germany
| | - Steffen Abel
- Department of Molecular Signal ProcessingLeibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle (Saale)06120Germany
| | - Laura Cuyas
- Laboratoire de Nutrition VégétaleAgroinnovation International—TIMAC AGROSaint‐MaloFrance
| | - Sylvain Pluchon
- Laboratoire de Nutrition VégétaleAgroinnovation International—TIMAC AGROSaint‐MaloFrance
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- Aix Marseille UnivCEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVESaint Paul‐Lez‐Durance13108France
| | - Thierry Desnos
- Aix Marseille UnivCEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVESaint Paul‐Lez‐Durance13108France
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9
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Wei P, Demulder M, David P, Eekhout T, Yoshiyama KO, Nguyen L, Vercauteren I, Eeckhout D, Galle M, De Jaeger G, Larsen P, Audenaert D, Desnos T, Nussaume L, Loris R, De Veylder L. Arabidopsis casein kinase 2 triggers stem cell exhaustion under Al toxicity and phosphate deficiency through activating the DNA damage response pathway. Plant Cell 2021; 33:1361-1380. [PMID: 33793856 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity and inorganic phosphate (Pi) limitation are widespread chronic abiotic and mutually enhancing stresses that profoundly affect crop yield. Both stresses strongly inhibit root growth, resulting from a progressive exhaustion of the stem cell niche. Here, we report on a casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitor identified by its capability to maintain a functional root stem cell niche in Arabidopsis thaliana under Al toxic conditions. CK2 operates through phosphorylation of the cell cycle checkpoint activator SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RADIATION1 (SOG1), priming its activity under DNA-damaging conditions. In addition to yielding Al tolerance, CK2 and SOG1 inactivation prevents meristem exhaustion under Pi starvation, revealing the existence of a low Pi-induced cell cycle checkpoint that depends on the DNA damage activator ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED (ATM). Overall, our data reveal an important physiological role for the plant DNA damage response pathway under agriculturally limiting growth conditions, opening new avenues to cope with Pi limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengliang Wei
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Manon Demulder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel B-1050, Belgium
- VIB Center for Structural Biology, Brussel B-1050, Belgium
| | - Pascale David
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVE (Signalisation pour l'Adaptation des V�g�taux � leur Environnement), Aix Marseille Univ, F-13108, Saint-Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Thomas Eekhout
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | | | - Long Nguyen
- VIB Screening Core, VIB, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- Expertise Centre for Bioassay Development and Screening (C-BIOS), Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Ilse Vercauteren
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Dominique Eeckhout
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Margot Galle
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel B-1050, Belgium
- VIB Center for Structural Biology, Brussel B-1050, Belgium
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Paul Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Dominique Audenaert
- VIB Screening Core, VIB, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- Expertise Centre for Bioassay Development and Screening (C-BIOS), Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Thierry Desnos
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVE (Signalisation pour l'Adaptation des V�g�taux � leur Environnement), Aix Marseille Univ, F-13108, Saint-Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVE (Signalisation pour l'Adaptation des V�g�taux � leur Environnement), Aix Marseille Univ, F-13108, Saint-Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Remy Loris
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel B-1050, Belgium
- VIB Center for Structural Biology, Brussel B-1050, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
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10
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Blein T, Balzergue C, Roulé T, Gabriel M, Scalisi L, François T, Sorin C, Christ A, Godon C, Delannoy E, Martin-Magniette ML, Nussaume L, Hartmann C, Gautheret D, Desnos T, Crespi M. Landscape of the Noncoding Transcriptome Response of Two Arabidopsis Ecotypes to Phosphate Starvation. Plant Physiol 2020; 183:1058-1072. [PMID: 32404413 PMCID: PMC7333710 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Root architecture varies widely between species; it even varies between ecotypes of the same species, despite strong conservation of the coding portion of their genomes. By contrast, noncoding RNAs evolve rapidly between ecotypes and may control their differential responses to the environment, since several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to quantitatively regulate gene expression. Roots from ecotypes Columbia and Landsberg erecta of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) respond differently to phosphate starvation. Here, we compared transcriptomes (mRNAs, lncRNAs, and small RNAs) of root tips from these two ecotypes during early phosphate starvation. We identified thousands of lncRNAs that were largely conserved at the DNA level in these ecotypes. In contrast to coding genes, many lncRNAs were specifically transcribed in one ecotype and/or differentially expressed between ecotypes independent of phosphate availability. We further characterized these ecotype-related lncRNAs and studied their link with small interfering RNAs. Our analysis identified 675 lncRNAs differentially expressed between the two ecotypes, including antisense RNAs targeting key regulators of root-growth responses. Misregulation of several lincRNAs showed that at least two ecotype-related lncRNAs regulate primary root growth in ecotype Columbia. RNA-sequencing analysis following deregulation of lncRNA NPC48 revealed a potential link with root growth and transport functions. This exploration of the noncoding transcriptome identified ecotype-specific lncRNA-mediated regulation in root apexes. The noncoding genome may harbor further mechanisms involved in ecotype adaptation of roots to different soil environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Blein
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Coline Balzergue
- Aix Marseille University, Commisariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseilles, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Signalisation pour l'Adaptation des Végétaux à leur Environnement (UMR7265 SAVE), 13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Thomas Roulé
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Marc Gabriel
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Commisariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Université Paris Sud, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Laetitia Scalisi
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Tracy François
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Céline Sorin
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Aurélie Christ
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Christian Godon
- Aix Marseille University, Commisariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseilles, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Signalisation pour l'Adaptation des Végétaux à leur Environnement (UMR7265 SAVE), 13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Etienne Delannoy
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Marie-Laure Martin-Magniette
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
- Unité Mixte de Recherche MIA-Paris (UMR MIA-Paris), AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- Aix Marseille University, Commisariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseilles, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Signalisation pour l'Adaptation des Végétaux à leur Environnement (UMR7265 SAVE), 13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Caroline Hartmann
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Daniel Gautheret
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Commisariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Université Paris Sud, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Thierry Desnos
- Aix Marseille University, Commisariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseilles, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Signalisation pour l'Adaptation des Végétaux à leur Environnement (UMR7265 SAVE), 13108 Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Martin Crespi
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre Nationale de la Recherche, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 91405 Orsay, France
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11
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Godon C, Mercier C, Wang X, David P, Richaud P, Nussaume L, Liu D, Desnos T. Under phosphate starvation conditions, Fe and Al trigger accumulation of the transcription factor STOP1 in the nucleus of Arabidopsis root cells. Plant J 2019; 99:937-949. [PMID: 31034704 PMCID: PMC6852189 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Low-phosphate (Pi) conditions are known to repress primary root growth of Arabidopsis at low pH and in an Fe-dependent manner. This growth arrest requires accumulation of the transcription factor STOP1 in the nucleus, where it activates the transcription of the malate transporter gene ALMT1; exuded malate is suspected to interact with extracellular Fe to inhibit root growth. In addition, ALS3 - an ABC-like transporter identified for its role in tolerance to toxic Al - represses nuclear accumulation of STOP1 and the expression of ALMT1. Until now it was unclear whether Pi deficiency itself or Fe activates the accumulation of STOP1 in the nucleus. Here, by using different growth media to dissociate the effects of Fe from Pi deficiency itself, we demonstrate that Fe is sufficient to trigger the accumulation of STOP1 in the nucleus, which, in turn, activates the expression of ALMT1. We also show that a low pH is necessary to stimulate the Fe-dependent accumulation of nuclear STOP1. Furthermore, pharmacological experiments indicate that Fe inhibits proteasomal degradation of STOP1. We also show that Al acts like Fe for nuclear accumulation of STOP1 and ALMT1 expression, and that the overaccumulation of STOP1 in the nucleus of the als3 mutant grown in low-Pi conditions could be abolished by Fe deficiency. Altogether, our results indicate that, under low-Pi conditions, Fe2/3+ and Al3+ act similarly to increase the stability of STOP1 and its accumulation in the nucleus where it activates the expression of ALMT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Godon
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies AlternativesUMR7265 (CEA, Aix‐Marseille Université, CNRS)Saint Paul‐Lez‐DuranceF‐13108France
| | - Caroline Mercier
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies AlternativesUMR7265 (CEA, Aix‐Marseille Université, CNRS)Saint Paul‐Lez‐DuranceF‐13108France
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of BioinformaticsCenter for Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Pascale David
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies AlternativesUMR7265 (CEA, Aix‐Marseille Université, CNRS)Saint Paul‐Lez‐DuranceF‐13108France
| | - Pierre Richaud
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et MicroalguesCommissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies AlternativesUMR7265 (CEA, Aix‐Marseille Université, CNRS)Saint Paul‐Lez‐DuranceF‐13108France
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies AlternativesUMR7265 (CEA, Aix‐Marseille Université, CNRS)Saint Paul‐Lez‐DuranceF‐13108France
| | - Dong Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of BioinformaticsCenter for Plant BiologySchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Thierry Desnos
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies AlternativesUMR7265 (CEA, Aix‐Marseille Université, CNRS)Saint Paul‐Lez‐DuranceF‐13108France
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12
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Barrada A, Djendli M, Desnos T, Mercier R, Robaglia C, Montané MH, Menand B. A TOR-YAK1 signaling axis controls cell cycle, meristem activity and plant growth in Arabidopsis. Development 2019; 146:dev.171298. [PMID: 30705074 DOI: 10.1242/dev.171298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) is a conserved eukaryotic phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-related kinase that plays a major role in regulating growth and metabolism in response to environment in plants. We performed a genetic screen for Arabidopsis ethylmethane sulfonate mutants resistant to the ATP-competitive TOR inhibitor AZD-8055 to identify new components of the plant TOR pathway. We found that loss-of-function mutants of the DYRK (dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase)/YAK1 kinase are resistant to AZD-8055 and, reciprocally, that YAK1 overexpressors are hypersensitive to AZD-8055. Significantly, these phenotypes were conditional on TOR inhibition, positioning YAK1 activity downstream of TOR. We further show that the ATP-competitive DYRK1A inhibitor pINDY phenocopies YAK1 loss of function. Microscopy analysis revealed that YAK1 functions to repress meristem size and induce differentiation. We show that YAK1 represses cyclin expression in the different zones of the root meristem and that YAK1 is essential for TOR-dependent transcriptional regulation of the plant-specific SIAMESE-RELATED (SMR) cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in both meristematic and differentiating root cells. Thus, YAK1 is a major regulator of meristem activity and cell differentiation downstream of TOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Barrada
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, Marseille, France F-13009
| | - Meriem Djendli
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, Marseille, France F-13009
| | - Thierry Desnos
- Aix Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France F-13108
| | - Raphael Mercier
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Christophe Robaglia
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, Marseille, France F-13009
| | - Marie-Hélène Montané
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, Marseille, France F-13009
| | - Benoît Menand
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, Marseille, France F-13009
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13
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Wang X, Wang Z, Zheng Z, Dong J, Song L, Sui L, Nussaume L, Desnos T, Liu D. Genetic Dissection of Fe-Dependent Signaling in Root Developmental Responses to Phosphate Deficiency. Plant Physiol 2019; 179:300-316. [PMID: 30420567 PMCID: PMC6324241 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of primary root (PR) growth is a major developmental response of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to phosphate (Pi) deficiency. Previous studies have independently uncovered key roles of the LOW PHOSPHATE RESPONSE1 (LPR1) ferroxidase, the tonoplast-localized ALUMINUM SENSITIVE3 (ALS3)/SENSITIVE TO ALUMINUM RHIZOTOXICITY1 (STAR1) transporter complex, and the SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIZOTOXICITY1 (STOP1; a transcription factor)-ALUMINUM-ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER1 (ALMT1; a malate transporter) regulatory module in mediating this response by controlling iron (Fe) homeostasis in roots, but how these three components interact to regulate PR growth under Pi deficiency remains unknown. Here, we dissected genetic relationships among these three key components and found that (1) STOP1, ALMT1, and LPR1 act downstream of ALS3/STAR1 in controlling PR growth under Pi deficiency; (2) ALS3/STAR1 inhibits the STOP1-ALMT1 pathway by repressing STOP1 protein accumulation in the nucleus; and (3) STOP1-ALMT1 and LPR1 control PR growth under Pi deficiency in an interdependent manner involving the promotion of malate-dependent Fe accumulation in roots. Furthermore, this malate-mediated Fe accumulation depends on external Pi availability. We also performed a detailed analysis of the dynamic changes in the tissue-specific Fe accumulation patterns in the root tips of plants exposed to Pi deficiency. The results indicate that the degree of inhibition of PR growth induced by Pi deficiency is not linked to the level of Fe accumulated in the root apical meristem or the elongation zone. Our work provides insights into the molecular mechanism that regulates the root developmental response to Pi deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zai Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinsong Dong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liqian Sui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnology Aix-Marseille, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance 13108, France
| | - Thierry Desnos
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnology Aix-Marseille, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance 13108, France
| | - Dong Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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14
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Balzergue C, Dartevelle T, Godon C, Laugier E, Meisrimler C, Teulon JM, Creff A, Bissler M, Brouchoud C, Hagège A, Müller J, Chiarenza S, Javot H, Becuwe-Linka N, David P, Péret B, Delannoy E, Thibaud MC, Armengaud J, Abel S, Pellequer JL, Nussaume L, Desnos T. Low phosphate activates STOP1-ALMT1 to rapidly inhibit root cell elongation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15300. [PMID: 28504266 PMCID: PMC5440667 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental cues profoundly modulate cell proliferation and cell elongation to inform and direct plant growth and development. External phosphate (Pi) limitation inhibits primary root growth in many plant species. However, the underlying Pi sensory mechanisms are unknown. Here we genetically uncouple two Pi sensing pathways in the root apex of Arabidopsis thaliana. First, the rapid inhibition of cell elongation in the transition zone is controlled by transcription factor STOP1, by its direct target, ALMT1, encoding a malate channel, and by ferroxidase LPR1, which together mediate Fe and peroxidase-dependent cell wall stiffening. Second, during the subsequent slow inhibition of cell proliferation in the apical meristem, which is mediated by LPR1-dependent, but largely STOP1–ALMT1-independent, Fe and callose accumulate in the stem cell niche, leading to meristem reduction. Our work uncovers STOP1 and ALMT1 as a signalling pathway of low Pi availability and exuded malate as an unexpected apoplastic inhibitor of root cell wall expansion. Low Pi availability inhibits primary root growth, but the sensory mechanisms are not known. Here the authors uncover a signalling pathway regulating Pi-mediated root growth inhibition in Arabidopsis, involving the transcription factor STOP1, its direct target ALMT1, a malate channel, and ferroxidase LPR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline Balzergue
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnology Aix-Marseille, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance 13108, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7265 Biol. Végét. &Microbiol. Environ., Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, Marseille, France
| | - Thibault Dartevelle
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnology Aix-Marseille, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance 13108, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7265 Biol. Végét. &Microbiol. Environ., Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Godon
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnology Aix-Marseille, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance 13108, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7265 Biol. Végét. &Microbiol. Environ., Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, Marseille, France
| | - Edith Laugier
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnology Aix-Marseille, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance 13108, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7265 Biol. Végét. &Microbiol. Environ., Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, Marseille, France
| | - Claudia Meisrimler
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnology Aix-Marseille, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance 13108, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7265 Biol. Végét. &Microbiol. Environ., Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marie Teulon
- CNRS, IBS, Grenoble F-38044, France.,CEA, IBS, Grenoble F-38044, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, IBS, Grenoble F-38044, France
| | - Audrey Creff
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnology Aix-Marseille, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance 13108, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7265 Biol. Végét. &Microbiol. Environ., Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, Marseille, France
| | - Marie Bissler
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnology Aix-Marseille, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance 13108, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7265 Biol. Végét. &Microbiol. Environ., Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, Marseille, France
| | - Corinne Brouchoud
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnology Aix-Marseille, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance 13108, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7265 Biol. Végét. &Microbiol. Environ., Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, Marseille, France
| | - Agnès Hagège
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Service de Biologie et de Toxicologie Nucléaire, Laboratoire d'Etude des Protéines Cibles, 30200 Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Jens Müller
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Serge Chiarenza
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnology Aix-Marseille, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance 13108, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7265 Biol. Végét. &Microbiol. Environ., Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Javot
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnology Aix-Marseille, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance 13108, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7265 Biol. Végét. &Microbiol. Environ., Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, Marseille, France
| | - Noëlle Becuwe-Linka
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnology Aix-Marseille, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance 13108, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7265 Biol. Végét. &Microbiol. Environ., Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, Marseille, France
| | - Pascale David
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnology Aix-Marseille, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance 13108, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7265 Biol. Végét. &Microbiol. Environ., Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Péret
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnology Aix-Marseille, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance 13108, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7265 Biol. Végét. &Microbiol. Environ., Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, Marseille, France
| | - Etienne Delannoy
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnology Aix-Marseille, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance 13108, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7265 Biol. Végét. &Microbiol. Environ., Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Christine Thibaud
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnology Aix-Marseille, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance 13108, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7265 Biol. Végét. &Microbiol. Environ., Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- CEA, DRF, JOLIOT/DMTS/SPI/Li2D, Laboratory 'Innovative Technologies for Detection and Diagnostics', Bagnols-sur-Cèze F-30200, France
| | - Steffen Abel
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Pellequer
- CNRS, IBS, Grenoble F-38044, France.,CEA, IBS, Grenoble F-38044, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, IBS, Grenoble F-38044, France
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnology Aix-Marseille, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance 13108, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7265 Biol. Végét. &Microbiol. Environ., Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Desnos
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnology Aix-Marseille, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance 13108, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7265 Biol. Végét. &Microbiol. Environ., Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7265, Marseille, France
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15
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Bonnot C, Pinson B, Clément M, Bernillon S, Chiarenza S, Kanno S, Kobayashi N, Delannoy E, Nakanishi TM, Nussaume L, Desnos T. A chemical genetic strategy identify the PHOSTIN, a synthetic molecule that triggers phosphate starvation responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. New Phytol 2016; 209:161-76. [PMID: 26243630 PMCID: PMC4737292 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants display numerous strategies to cope with phosphate (Pi)-deficiency. Despite multiple genetic studies, the molecular mechanisms of low-Pi-signalling remain unknown. To validate the interest of chemical genetics to investigate this pathway we discovered and analysed the effects of PHOSTIN (PSN), a drug mimicking Pi-starvation in Arabidopsis. We assessed the effects of PSN and structural analogues on the induction of Pi-deficiency responses in mutants and wild-type and followed their accumulation in plants organs by high pressure liquid chromotography (HPLC) or mass-spectrophotometry. We show that PSN is cleaved in the growth medium, releasing its active motif (PSN11), which accumulates in plants roots. Despite the overaccumulation of Pi in the roots of treated plants, PSN11 elicits both local and systemic Pi-starvation effects. Nevertheless, albeit that the transcriptional activation of low-Pi genes by PSN11 is lost in the phr1;phl1 double mutant, neither PHO1 nor PHO2 are required for PSN11 effects. The range of local and systemic responses to Pi-starvation elicited, and their dependence on the PHR1/PHL1 function suggests that PSN11 affects an important and early step of Pi-starvation signalling. Its independence from PHO1 and PHO2 suggest the existence of unknown pathway(s), showing the usefulness of PSN and chemical genetics to bring new elements to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Bonnot
- CEAInstitut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des PlantesSaint‐Paul‐lez‐DuranceF‐13108France
- CNRSUnité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale & Microbiologie EnvironnementaleSaint‐Paul‐lez‐DuranceF‐13108France
- Aix‐Marseille UniversitéSaint‐Paul‐lez‐DuranceF‐13108France
| | - Benoît Pinson
- CNRSUnité Mixte de Recherche 5095 Institut de Biochimie et Génétique CellulairesBordeauxF‐33077 CedexFrance
- Université Bordeaux 2 Victor SegalenBordeauxF‐33000France
| | - Mathilde Clément
- CEAInstitut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des PlantesSaint‐Paul‐lez‐DuranceF‐13108France
- CNRSUnité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale & Microbiologie EnvironnementaleSaint‐Paul‐lez‐DuranceF‐13108France
- Aix‐Marseille UniversitéSaint‐Paul‐lez‐DuranceF‐13108France
| | - Stéphane Bernillon
- INRAUnité Mixte de Recherche 1332 Biologie du Fruit et PathologieCentre INRA de BordeauxVillenave d'OrnonF‐33140France
- Metabolome Facility of Bordeaux Functional Genomics CentreIBVMCentre INRA de BordeauxVillenave d'OrnonF‐33140France
| | - Serge Chiarenza
- CEAInstitut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des PlantesSaint‐Paul‐lez‐DuranceF‐13108France
- CNRSUnité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale & Microbiologie EnvironnementaleSaint‐Paul‐lez‐DuranceF‐13108France
- Aix‐Marseille UniversitéSaint‐Paul‐lez‐DuranceF‐13108France
| | - Satomi Kanno
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciencesthe University of Tokyo1‐1‐1, YayoiBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8657Japan
| | - Natsuko Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciencesthe University of Tokyo1‐1‐1, YayoiBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8657Japan
| | - Etienne Delannoy
- CEAInstitut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des PlantesSaint‐Paul‐lez‐DuranceF‐13108France
- CNRSUnité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale & Microbiologie EnvironnementaleSaint‐Paul‐lez‐DuranceF‐13108France
- Aix‐Marseille UniversitéSaint‐Paul‐lez‐DuranceF‐13108France
| | - Tomoko M. Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciencesthe University of Tokyo1‐1‐1, YayoiBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8657Japan
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- CEAInstitut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des PlantesSaint‐Paul‐lez‐DuranceF‐13108France
- CNRSUnité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale & Microbiologie EnvironnementaleSaint‐Paul‐lez‐DuranceF‐13108France
- Aix‐Marseille UniversitéSaint‐Paul‐lez‐DuranceF‐13108France
| | - Thierry Desnos
- CEAInstitut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des PlantesSaint‐Paul‐lez‐DuranceF‐13108France
- CNRSUnité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale & Microbiologie EnvironnementaleSaint‐Paul‐lez‐DuranceF‐13108France
- Aix‐Marseille UniversitéSaint‐Paul‐lez‐DuranceF‐13108France
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16
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L’Enfant M, Domon JM, Rayon C, Desnos T, Ralet MC, Bonnin E, Pelloux J, Pau-Roblot C. Substrate specificity of plant and fungi pectin methylesterases: Identification of novel inhibitors of PMEs. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:681-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Péret B, Desnos T, Jost R, Kanno S, Berkowitz O, Nussaume L. Root architecture responses: in search of phosphate. Plant Physiol 2014; 166:1713-23. [PMID: 25341534 PMCID: PMC4256877 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.244541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil phosphate represents the only source of phosphorus for plants and, consequently, is its entry into the trophic chain. This major component of nucleic acids, phospholipids, and energy currency of the cell (ATP) can limit plant growth because of its low mobility in soil. As a result, root responses to low phosphate favor the exploration of the shallower part of the soil, where phosphate tends to be more abundant, a strategy described as topsoil foraging. We will review the diverse developmental strategies that can be observed among plants by detailing the effect of phosphate deficiency on primary and lateral roots. We also discuss the formation of cluster roots: an advanced adaptive strategy to cope with low phosphate availability observed in a limited number of species. Finally, we will put this work into perspective for future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Péret
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologies, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);School of Plant Biology M084 (R.J., O.B.) andAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (O.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andDevelopment of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan (S.K.)
| | - Thierry Desnos
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologies, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);School of Plant Biology M084 (R.J., O.B.) andAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (O.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andDevelopment of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan (S.K.)
| | - Ricarda Jost
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologies, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);School of Plant Biology M084 (R.J., O.B.) andAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (O.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andDevelopment of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan (S.K.)
| | - Satomi Kanno
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologies, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);School of Plant Biology M084 (R.J., O.B.) andAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (O.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andDevelopment of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan (S.K.)
| | - Oliver Berkowitz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologies, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);School of Plant Biology M084 (R.J., O.B.) andAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (O.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andDevelopment of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan (S.K.)
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologies, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (B.P., T.D., L.N.);School of Plant Biology M084 (R.J., O.B.) andAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology (O.B.), University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; andDevelopment of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan (S.K.)
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18
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Arnaud C, Clément M, Thibaud MC, Javot H, Chiarenza S, Delannoy E, Revol J, Soreau P, Balzergue S, Block MA, Maréchal E, Desnos T, Nussaume L. Identification of phosphatin, a drug alleviating phosphate starvation responses in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 2014; 166:1479-91. [PMID: 25209983 PMCID: PMC4226385 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.248112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is present in most soils at suboptimal concentrations, strongly limiting plant development. Plants have the ability to sense and adapt to the surrounding ionic environment, and several genes involved in the response to Pi starvation have been identified. However, a global understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved in this process is still elusive. Here, we have initiated a chemical genetics approach and isolated compounds that inhibit the response to Pi starvation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Molecules were screened for their ability to inhibit the expression of a Pi starvation marker gene (the high-affinity Pi transporter PHT1;4). A drug family named Phosphatin (PTN; Pi starvation inhibitor), whose members act as partial suppressors of Pi starvation responses, was thus identified. PTN addition also reduced various traits of Pi starvation, such as phospholipid/glycolipid conversion, and the accumulation of starch and anthocyanins. A transcriptomic assay revealed a broad impact of PTN on the expression of many genes regulated by low Pi availability. Despite the reduced amount of Pi transporters and resulting reduced Pi uptake capacity, no reduction of Pi content was observed. In addition, PTN improved plant growth; this reveals that the developmental restrictions induced by Pi starvation are not a consequence of metabolic limitation but a result of genetic regulation. This highlights the existence of signal transduction pathway(s) that limit plant development under the Pi starvation condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Arnaud
- Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale and Microbiologie Environnementale, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., T.D., L.N.);Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de Recherche Agronomique 1165 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8114, Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université Evry Val d'Essonne, 91057 Evry cedex, France (E.D., S.B.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Groupe de Recherche Appliquée à la Phytotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (P.S.); andUnité Mixte de Recherche 5168 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Grenoble Université, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France (M.A.B., E.M.)
| | - Mathilde Clément
- Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale and Microbiologie Environnementale, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., T.D., L.N.);Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de Recherche Agronomique 1165 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8114, Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université Evry Val d'Essonne, 91057 Evry cedex, France (E.D., S.B.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Groupe de Recherche Appliquée à la Phytotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (P.S.); andUnité Mixte de Recherche 5168 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Grenoble Université, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France (M.A.B., E.M.)
| | - Marie-Christine Thibaud
- Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale and Microbiologie Environnementale, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., T.D., L.N.);Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de Recherche Agronomique 1165 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8114, Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université Evry Val d'Essonne, 91057 Evry cedex, France (E.D., S.B.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Groupe de Recherche Appliquée à la Phytotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (P.S.); andUnité Mixte de Recherche 5168 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Grenoble Université, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France (M.A.B., E.M.)
| | - Hélène Javot
- Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale and Microbiologie Environnementale, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., T.D., L.N.);Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de Recherche Agronomique 1165 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8114, Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université Evry Val d'Essonne, 91057 Evry cedex, France (E.D., S.B.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Groupe de Recherche Appliquée à la Phytotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (P.S.); andUnité Mixte de Recherche 5168 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Grenoble Université, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France (M.A.B., E.M.)
| | - Serge Chiarenza
- Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale and Microbiologie Environnementale, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., T.D., L.N.);Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de Recherche Agronomique 1165 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8114, Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université Evry Val d'Essonne, 91057 Evry cedex, France (E.D., S.B.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Groupe de Recherche Appliquée à la Phytotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (P.S.); andUnité Mixte de Recherche 5168 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Grenoble Université, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France (M.A.B., E.M.)
| | - Etienne Delannoy
- Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale and Microbiologie Environnementale, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., T.D., L.N.);Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de Recherche Agronomique 1165 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8114, Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université Evry Val d'Essonne, 91057 Evry cedex, France (E.D., S.B.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Groupe de Recherche Appliquée à la Phytotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (P.S.); andUnité Mixte de Recherche 5168 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Grenoble Université, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France (M.A.B., E.M.)
| | - Julia Revol
- Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale and Microbiologie Environnementale, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., T.D., L.N.);Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de Recherche Agronomique 1165 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8114, Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université Evry Val d'Essonne, 91057 Evry cedex, France (E.D., S.B.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Groupe de Recherche Appliquée à la Phytotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (P.S.); andUnité Mixte de Recherche 5168 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Grenoble Université, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France (M.A.B., E.M.)
| | - Paul Soreau
- Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale and Microbiologie Environnementale, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., T.D., L.N.);Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de Recherche Agronomique 1165 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8114, Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université Evry Val d'Essonne, 91057 Evry cedex, France (E.D., S.B.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Groupe de Recherche Appliquée à la Phytotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (P.S.); andUnité Mixte de Recherche 5168 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Grenoble Université, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France (M.A.B., E.M.)
| | - Sandrine Balzergue
- Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale and Microbiologie Environnementale, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., T.D., L.N.);Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de Recherche Agronomique 1165 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8114, Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université Evry Val d'Essonne, 91057 Evry cedex, France (E.D., S.B.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Groupe de Recherche Appliquée à la Phytotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (P.S.); andUnité Mixte de Recherche 5168 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Grenoble Université, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France (M.A.B., E.M.)
| | - Maryse A Block
- Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale and Microbiologie Environnementale, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., T.D., L.N.);Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de Recherche Agronomique 1165 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8114, Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université Evry Val d'Essonne, 91057 Evry cedex, France (E.D., S.B.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Groupe de Recherche Appliquée à la Phytotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (P.S.); andUnité Mixte de Recherche 5168 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Grenoble Université, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France (M.A.B., E.M.)
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale and Microbiologie Environnementale, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., T.D., L.N.);Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de Recherche Agronomique 1165 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8114, Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université Evry Val d'Essonne, 91057 Evry cedex, France (E.D., S.B.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Groupe de Recherche Appliquée à la Phytotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (P.S.); andUnité Mixte de Recherche 5168 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Grenoble Université, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France (M.A.B., E.M.)
| | - Thierry Desnos
- Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale and Microbiologie Environnementale, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., T.D., L.N.);Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de Recherche Agronomique 1165 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8114, Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université Evry Val d'Essonne, 91057 Evry cedex, France (E.D., S.B.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Groupe de Recherche Appliquée à la Phytotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (P.S.); andUnité Mixte de Recherche 5168 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Grenoble Université, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France (M.A.B., E.M.)
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- Aix-Marseille Université, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7265 Biologie Végétale and Microbiologie Environnementale, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., P.S., T.D., L.N.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (C.A., M.C., M.-C.T., H.J., S.C., J.R., T.D., L.N.);Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de Recherche Agronomique 1165 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8114, Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Université Evry Val d'Essonne, 91057 Evry cedex, France (E.D., S.B.);Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, Groupe de Recherche Appliquée à la Phytotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (P.S.); andUnité Mixte de Recherche 5168 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, Grenoble Université, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France (M.A.B., E.M.)
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Bernaudat F, Frelet-Barrand A, Pochon N, Dementin S, Hivin P, Boutigny S, Rioux JB, Salvi D, Seigneurin-Berny D, Richaud P, Joyard J, Pignol D, Sabaty M, Desnos T, Pebay-Peyroula E, Darrouzet E, Vernet T, Rolland N. Heterologous expression of membrane proteins: choosing the appropriate host. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29191. [PMID: 22216205 PMCID: PMC3244453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Membrane proteins are the targets of 50% of drugs, although they only represent 1% of total cellular proteins. The first major bottleneck on the route to their functional and structural characterisation is their overexpression; and simply choosing the right system can involve many months of trial and error. This work is intended as a guide to where to start when faced with heterologous expression of a membrane protein. Methodology/Principal Findings The expression of 20 membrane proteins, both peripheral and integral, in three prokaryotic (E. coli, L. lactis, R. sphaeroides) and three eukaryotic (A. thaliana, N. benthamiana, Sf9 insect cells) hosts was tested. The proteins tested were of various origins (bacteria, plants and mammals), functions (transporters, receptors, enzymes) and topologies (between 0 and 13 transmembrane segments). The Gateway system was used to clone all 20 genes into appropriate vectors for the hosts to be tested. Culture conditions were optimised for each host, and specific strategies were tested, such as the use of Mistic fusions in E. coli. 17 of the 20 proteins were produced at adequate yields for functional and, in some cases, structural studies. We have formulated general recommendations to assist with choosing an appropriate system based on our observations of protein behaviour in the different hosts. Conclusions/Significance Most of the methods presented here can be quite easily implemented in other laboratories. The results highlight certain factors that should be considered when selecting an expression host. The decision aide provided should help both newcomers and old-hands to select the best system for their favourite membrane protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Bernaudat
- Institut de Biologie Structurale Jean-Pierre Ebel, CEA, Grenoble, France.
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Péret B, Clément M, Nussaume L, Desnos T. Root developmental adaptation to phosphate starvation: better safe than sorry. Trends Plant Sci 2011; 16:442-50. [PMID: 21684794 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is a crucial component of major organic molecules such as nucleic acids, ATP and membrane phospholipids. It is present in soils in the form of inorganic phosphate (Pi), which has low availability and poor mobility. To cope with Pi limitations, plants have evolved complex adaptive responses that include morphological and physiological modifications. This review describes how the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana adapts its root system architecture to phosphate deficiency through inhibition of primary root growth, increase in lateral root formation and growth and production of root hairs, which all promote topsoil foraging. A better understanding of plant adaptation to low phosphate will open the way to increased phosphorus use efficiency by crops. Such an improvement is needed in order to adjust how we manage limited phosphorus stocks and to reduce the disastrous environmental effects of phosphate fertilizers overuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Péret
- UMR 6191 CEA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Université d'Aix-Marseille, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.
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Hirsch J, Misson J, Crisp PA, David P, Bayle V, Estavillo GM, Javot H, Chiarenza S, Mallory AC, Maizel A, Declerck M, Pogson BJ, Vaucheret H, Crespi M, Desnos T, Thibaud MC, Nussaume L, Marin E. A novel fry1 allele reveals the existence of a mutant phenotype unrelated to 5'->3' exoribonuclease (XRN) activities in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16724. [PMID: 21304819 PMCID: PMC3033419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the FRY1/SAL1 Arabidopsis locus are highly pleiotropic, affecting drought tolerance, leaf shape and root growth. FRY1 encodes a nucleotide phosphatase that in vitro has inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase and 3',(2'),5'-bisphosphate nucleotide phosphatase activities. It is not clear which activity mediates each of the diverse biological functions of FRY1 in planta. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A fry1 mutant was identified in a genetic screen for Arabidopsis mutants deregulated in the expression of Pi High affinity Transporter 1;4 (PHT1;4). Histological analysis revealed that, in roots, FRY1 expression was restricted to the stele and meristems. The fry1 mutant displayed an altered root architecture phenotype and an increased drought tolerance. All of the phenotypes analyzed were complemented with the AHL gene encoding a protein that converts 3'-polyadenosine 5'-phosphate (PAP) into AMP and Pi. PAP is known to inhibit exoribonucleases (XRN) in vitro. Accordingly, an xrn triple mutant with mutations in all three XRNs shared the fry1 drought tolerance and root architecture phenotypes. Interestingly these two traits were also complemented by grafting, revealing that drought tolerance was primarily conferred by the rosette and that the root architecture can be complemented by long-distance regulation derived from leaves. By contrast, PHT1 expression was not altered in xrn mutants or in grafting experiments. Thus, PHT1 up-regulation probably resulted from a local depletion of Pi in the fry1 stele. This hypothesis is supported by the identification of other genes modulated by Pi deficiency in the stele, which are found induced in a fry1 background. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that the 3',(2'),5'-bisphosphate nucleotide phosphatase activity of FRY1 is involved in long-distance as well as local regulatory activities in roots. The local up-regulation of PHT1 genes transcription in roots likely results from local depletion of Pi and is independent of the XRNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Hirsch
- CEA, DSV IBEB, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, UMR 6191 CNRS, CEA, Aix-Marseille II, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Julie Misson
- CEA, DSV IBEB, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, UMR 6191 CNRS, CEA, Aix-Marseille II, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Peter A. Crisp
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Pascale David
- CEA, DSV IBEB, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, UMR 6191 CNRS, CEA, Aix-Marseille II, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Vincent Bayle
- CEA, DSV IBEB, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, UMR 6191 CNRS, CEA, Aix-Marseille II, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Gonzalo M. Estavillo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Hélène Javot
- CEA, DSV IBEB, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, UMR 6191 CNRS, CEA, Aix-Marseille II, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Serge Chiarenza
- CEA, DSV IBEB, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, UMR 6191 CNRS, CEA, Aix-Marseille II, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | | | - Alexis Maizel
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie Declerck
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Barry J. Pogson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Hervé Vaucheret
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, INRA, Versailles, France
| | - Martin Crespi
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, CNRS, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Thierry Desnos
- CEA, DSV IBEB, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, UMR 6191 CNRS, CEA, Aix-Marseille II, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Marie-Christine Thibaud
- CEA, DSV IBEB, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, UMR 6191 CNRS, CEA, Aix-Marseille II, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- CEA, DSV IBEB, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, UMR 6191 CNRS, CEA, Aix-Marseille II, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Elena Marin
- CEA, DSV IBEB, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, UMR 6191 CNRS, CEA, Aix-Marseille II, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- * E-mail:
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Creff A, Sormani R, Desnos T. The two Arabidopsis RPS6 genes, encoding for cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins S6, are functionally equivalent. Plant Mol Biol 2010; 73:533-546. [PMID: 20437080 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-010-9639-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Many eukaryotic genomes have experienced ancient whole-genome duplication (WGD) followed by massive gene loss. These eliminations were not random since some gene families were preferentially retained as duplicates. The gene balance hypothesis suggests that those genes with dosage reduction can imbalance their interacting partners or complex, resulting in decreased fitness. In Arabidopsis, the cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins (RP) are encoded by gene families with at least two members. We have focused our study on the two RPS6 genes in an attempt to understand why they have been retained as duplicates. We demonstrate that RPS6 function is vital for the plant. We also show that reducing the level of RPS6 accumulation (in the knock-out rps6a or rps6b single mutants, or in the double heterozygous RPS6A/rps6a,RPS6B/rps6b), confers a slow growth phenotype (haplodeficiency). Importantly, we demonstrate that the functions of two RPS6 genes are redundant and interchangeable. Finally, like in most other described Arabidopsis rp mutants, we observed that a reduced RPS6 level slightly alters the dorsoventral leaf patterning. Our results support the idea that the Arabidopsis RPS6 gene duplicates were evolutionarily retained in order to maintain an expression level necessary to sustain the translational demand of the cell, in agreement with the gene balance hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Creff
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes (LBDP), SBVME/IBEB/DSV/CEA/CNRS/Université Aix-Marseille-II, 13108 St. Paul-lez-Durance, France
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Abstract
Two essential functions are associated with the root tip: first of all, it ensures a sustained growth of the root system thanks to its role in protecting the stem cell zone responsible for cell division and differentiation. In addition, it is capable of detecting environmental changes at the root cap level, and this property provides a crucial advantage considering that this tissue is located at the forefront of soil exploration. Using results obtained mainly with the plant model Arabidopsis, we summarize the description of the structure of root cap and the known molecular mechanisms regulating its functioning. We briefly review the various responses of the root cap related to the interaction between the plant and its environment, such as phototropism, gravitropism, hydrotropism, mineral composition of the soil and protection against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Arnaud
- UMR 6191 CEA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, laboratoire de biologie du développement des plantes, université d'Aix-Marseille, 13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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Desnos T. Root branching responses to phosphate and nitrate. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2008; 11:82-7. [PMID: 18024148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2007.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2007] [Revised: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots favour colonization of nutrient-rich zones in soil. Molecular genetic evidences demonstrate that roots sense and respond to local and global concentrations of inorganic phosphate and nitrate, in a fashion that depends on the shoot nutrient status. Recent investigations in Arabidopsis highlighted the role of the root tip in phosphate sensing and attributed to already known proteins (multicopper oxidases and nitrate transporters) new and unexpected functions in the root growth response to phosphate or nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Desnos
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Service de biologie végétale et de microbiologie environnementale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique CEA cadarache, Saint Paul lez Durance F-13108, France.
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Hématy K, Sado PE, Van Tuinen A, Rochange S, Desnos T, Balzergue S, Pelletier S, Renou JP, Höfte H. A receptor-like kinase mediates the response of Arabidopsis cells to the inhibition of cellulose synthesis. Curr Biol 2007; 17:922-31. [PMID: 17540573 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2007.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 04/22/2007] [Accepted: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major challenge is to understand how the walls of expanding plant cells are correctly assembled and remodeled, often in the presence of wall-degrading micro-organisms. Plant cells, like yeast, react to cell-wall perturbations as shown by changes in gene expression, accumulation of ectopic lignin, and growth arrest caused by the inhibition of cellulose synthesis. RESULTS We have identified a plasma-membrane-bound receptor-like kinase (THESEUS1), which is present in elongating cells. Mutations in THE1 and overexpression of a functional THE1-GFP fusion protein did not affect wild-type (WT) plants but respectively attenuated and enhanced growth inhibition and ectopic lignification in seedlings mutated in cellulose synthase CESA6 without influencing the cellulose deficiency. A T-DNA insertion mutant for THE1 also attenuated the growth defect and ectopic-lignin production in other but not all cellulose-deficient mutants. The deregulation of a small number of genes in cesA6 mutants depended on the presence of THE1. Some of these genes are involved in pathogen defense, in wall crosslinking, or in protecting the cell against reactive oxygen species. CONCLUSIONS The results show that THE1 mediates the response of growing plant cells to the perturbation of cellulose synthesis and may act as a cell-wall-integrity sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Hématy
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, UR501, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles, Route de St Cyr, 78026 Versailles, France
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Svistoonoff S, Creff A, Reymond M, Sigoillot-Claude C, Ricaud L, Blanchet A, Nussaume L, Desnos T. Root tip contact with low-phosphate media reprograms plant root architecture. Nat Genet 2007; 39:792-6. [PMID: 17496893 DOI: 10.1038/ng2041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Plant roots are able to sense soil nutrient availability. In order to acquire heterogeneously distributed water and minerals, they optimize their root architecture. One poorly understood plant response to soil phosphate (P(i)) deficiency is a reduction in primary root growth with an increase in the number and length of lateral roots. Here we show that physical contact of the Arabidopsis thaliana primary root tip with low-P(i) medium is necessary and sufficient to arrest root growth. We further show that loss-of-function mutations in Low Phosphate Root1 (LPR1) and its close paralog LPR2 strongly reduce this inhibition. LPR1 was previously mapped as a major quantitative trait locus (QTL); the molecular origin of this QTL is explained by the differential allelic expression of LPR1 in the root cap. These results provide strong evidence for the involvement of the root cap in sensing nutrient deficiency, responding to it, or both. LPR1 and LPR2 encode multicopper oxidases (MCOs), highlighting the essential role of MCOs for plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Svistoonoff
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Département d'Ecophysiologie Végétale et de Microbiologie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6191 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cedex, France
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Achard P, Liao L, Jiang C, Desnos T, Bartlett J, Fu X, Harberd NP. DELLAs contribute to plant photomorphogenesis. Plant Physiol 2007; 143:1163-72. [PMID: 17220364 PMCID: PMC1820925 DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.092254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant morphogenesis is profoundly influenced by light (a phenomenon known as photomorphogenesis). For example, light inhibits seedling hypocotyl growth via activation of phytochromes and additional photoreceptors. Subsequently, information is transmitted through photoreceptor-linked signal transduction pathways and used (via previously unknown mechanisms) to control hypocotyl growth. Here we show that light inhibition of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) hypocotyl growth is in part dependent on the DELLAs (a family of nuclear growth-restraining proteins that mediate the effect of the phytohormone gibberellin [GA] on growth). We show that light inhibition of growth is reduced in DELLA-deficient mutant hypocotyls. We also show that light activation of phytochromes promotes the accumulation of DELLAs. A green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged DELLA (GFP-RGA) accumulates in elongating cells of light-grown, but not dark-grown, transgenic wild-type hypocotyls. Furthermore, transfer of seedlings from light to dark (or vice versa) results in rapid changes in hypocotyl GFP-RGA accumulation, changes that are paralleled by rapid alterations in the abundance in hypocotyls of transcripts encoding enzymes of GA metabolism. These observations suggest that light-dependent changes in hypocotyl GFP-RGA accumulation are a consequence of light-dependent changes in bioactive GA level. Finally, we show that GFP accumulation and quantitative modulation of hypocotyl growth is proportionate with light energy dose (the product of exposure duration and fluence rate). Hence, DELLAs inhibit hypocotyl growth during the light phase of the day-night cycle via a mechanism that is quantitatively responsive to natural light variability. We conclude that DELLAs are a major component of the adaptively significant mechanism via which light regulates plant growth during photomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Achard
- John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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Creff A, Léonard B, Desnos T. Targeted Ds-tagging strategy generates high allelic diversity at the Arabidopsis HY2 locus. Plant Mol Biol 2006; 61:603-13. [PMID: 16897478 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-006-0035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2005] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The targeted (or directed) tagging is a strategy aimed to mobilize a tranposon into a specific gene (target). Only a very few Arabidopsis genes have been tagged by this way, thus the efficiency of the strategy, as well as the diversity of the alleles obtained are not well documented. We have used a maize Ds element in a directed tagging of HY2. The starting Ds element, located 22 kb proximal to HY2, has been remobilized in a cross with an Ac transposase source line. From the F2 progeny of 4800 F1 we phenotypically isolated seven hy2 mutants. Molecular analysis of these alleles revealed that two contained a Ds element in HY2 and were instable, three have a large deletion that partially or completely removed HY2, one has a footprint in a HY2 exon and one leaky allele consisted of a 22 kb inversion upstream the HY2 coding sequence. Thus, the transposon-based directed tagging strategy generates a wide diversity of tagged and non-tagged alleles that can be used to generate allelic series or deletion of clustered genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Creff
- DSV/DEVM Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Bât. 178, UMR6191, CEA/CNRS/Université Aix-Marseille II, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, Cedex, France
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Reymond M, Svistoonoff S, Loudet O, Nussaume L, Desnos T. Identification of QTL controlling root growth response to phosphate starvation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Environ 2006; 29:115-25. [PMID: 17086758 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the responses of plants to low sources of external phosphorus (P) is to modify root architecture. In Arabidopsis thaliana plantlets grown on low P, the primary root length (PRL) is reduced whereas lateral root growth is promoted. By using the Bay-0 x Shahdara recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, we have mapped three quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in the root growth response to low P. The Shahdara alleles at these three QTL promote the response of the primary root to low P (i.e., root length reduction). One of these QTL, LPR1, located in a 2.8 Mb region at the top of chromosome 1, explains 52% of the variance of the PRL. We also detected a single QTL associated with primary root cell elongation in response to low P which colocalizes with LPR1. LPR1 does not seem to be involved in other typical P-starvation responses such as growth and density of root hairs, excretion of acid phosphatases, anthocyanin accumulation or the transcriptional induction of the P transporter Phtl;4. LPR1 might highlight new aspects of root growth that are revealed specifically under low P conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Reymond
- CEA Cadarache, DSV DEVM Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, UMR 6191 CNRS-CEA, Aix-Marseille II, F-13108, France
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Léonard B, Creff A, Desnos T. The HY2 gene as an efficient marker for transposon excision in Arabidopsis. Mol Genet Genomics 2003; 269:746-52. [PMID: 12905069 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-003-0867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2003] [Accepted: 05/20/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Transposable elements can generate germinal and somatic mutations, and hence represent a powerful tool for the analysis of gene function. Transposons from maize have been adapted to mutagenise the genomes of diverse species. The efficiency of these systems partly relies on the ease with which germinal (i.e. germinally transmitted) or somatic excisions can be detected. Here we describe the use of HY2, a gene that codes for an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the phytochrome chromophore, to monitor the excision of a Ds gene-trap element in Arabidopsis thaliana. Taking advantage of the altered germination and de-etiolation behaviour of a Ds -tagged hy2 mutant, we have designed an efficient protocol for the recovery of germinal revertants, making HY2 the most precocious excision marker available, to the best of our knowledge. In addition, HY2 is also useful for generating visible sectors in photosynthetic tissues, thanks to the somatic instability of this mutable hy2 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Léonard
- Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Département d'Ecophysiologie Végétale et Microbiologie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes (LBDP) Bât.178, CEA Cadarache, 13108, Saint Paul-lez-Durance, France
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Menand B, Desnos T, Nussaume L, Berger F, Bouchez D, Meyer C, Robaglia C. Expression and disruption of the Arabidopsis TOR (target of rapamycin) gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:6422-7. [PMID: 11983923 PMCID: PMC122964 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.092141899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
TOR (target of rapamycin) protein kinases were identified in yeasts, mammals, and Drosophila as central controllers of cell growth in response to nutrient and growth factors. Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana possesses a single TOR gene encoding a protein able to complex with yeast 12-kDa FK506-binding protein and rapamycin despite the insensitivity of Arabidopsis vegetative growth to rapamycin. Analysis of two T-DNA insertion mutants shows that disruption of AtTOR leads to the premature arrest of endosperm and embryo development. A T-DNA-mediated translational fusion of AtTOR with the GUS reporter gene allows us to show that AtTOR is expressed in primary meristem, embryo, and endosperm, but not in differentiated cells. The implications of these features for the plant TOR pathway are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Menand
- Département d'Ecophysiologie Végétale et Microbiologie, Laboratoire du Métabolisme Carboné, Univ-Méditerranée Unité Mixte de Recherche 163, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, Cedex, France
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Desprez T, Vernhettes S, Fagard M, Refrégier G, Desnos T, Aletti E, Py N, Pelletier S, Höfte H. Resistance against herbicide isoxaben and cellulose deficiency caused by distinct mutations in same cellulose synthase isoform CESA6. Plant Physiol 2002; 128:482-90. [PMID: 11842152 PMCID: PMC148911 DOI: 10.1104/pp.010822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2001] [Revised: 11/02/2001] [Accepted: 11/05/2001] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Isoxaben is a pre-emergence herbicide that inhibits cellulose biosynthesis in higher plants. Two loci identified by isoxaben-resistant mutants (ixr1-1, ixr1-2, and ixr2-1) in Arabidopsis have been reported previously. IXR1 was recently shown to encode the cellulose synthase catalytic subunit CESA3 (W.-R. Scheible, R. Eshed, T. Richmond, D. Delmer, and C. Somerville [2001] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 10079-10084). Here, we report on the cloning of IXR2, and show that it encodes another cellulose synthase isoform, CESA6. ixr2-1 carries a mutation substituting an amino acid close to the C terminus of CESA6 that is highly conserved among CESA family members. Transformation of wild-type plants with the mutated gene and not with the wild-type gene conferred increased resistance against the herbicide. The simplest interpretation for the existence of these two isoxaben-resistant loci is that CESA3 and CESA6 have redundant functions. However, loss of function procuste1 alleles of CESA6 were previously shown to have a strong growth defect and reduced cellulose content in roots and dark-grown hypocotyls. This indicates that in these mutants, the presence of CESA3 does not compensate for the absence of CESA6 in roots and dark-grown hypocotyls, which argues against redundant functions for CESA3 and CESA6. Together, these observations are compatible with a model in which CESA6 and CESA3 are active as a protein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Desprez
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78026 Versailles cedex, France
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Abstract
Phytochromes are plant photoreceptors that regulate plant growth and development with respect to the light environment. Following the initial light-perception event, the phytochromes initiate a signal-transduction process that eventually results in alterations in cellular behavior, including gene expression. Here we describe the molecular cloning and functional characterization of Arabidopsis FHY1. FHY1 encodes a product (FHY1) that specifically transduces signals downstream of the far-red (FR) light-responsive phytochrome A (PHYA) photoreceptor. We show that FHY1 is a novel light-regulated protein that accumulates in dark (D)-grown but not in FR-grown hypocotyl cells. In addition, FHY1 transcript levels are regulated by light, and by the product of FHY3, another gene implicated in FR signaling. These observations indicate that FHY1 function is both FR-signal transducing and FR-signal regulated, suggesting a negative feedback regulation of FHY1 function. Seedlings homozygous for loss-of-function fhy1 alleles are partially blind to FR, whereas seedlings overexpressing FHY1 exhibit increased responses to FR, but not to white (WL) or red (R) light. The increased FR-responses conferred by overexpression of FHY1 are abolished in a PHYA-deficient mutant background, showing that FHY1 requires a signal from PHYA for function, and cannot modulate growth independently of PHYA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Desnos
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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Bichet A, Desnos T, Turner S, Grandjean O, Höfte H. BOTERO1 is required for normal orientation of cortical microtubules and anisotropic cell expansion in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2001. [PMID: 11169190 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2001.00946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Mutants at the BOTERO1 locus are affected in anisotropic growth in all non-tip-growing cell types examined. Mutant cells are shorter and broader than those of the wild type. Mutant inflorescence stems show a dramatically reduced bending modulus and maximum stress at yield. Our observations of root epidermis cells show that the cell expansion defect in bot1 is correlated with a defect in the orientation of the cortical microtubules. We found that in cells within the apical portion of the root, which roughly corresponds to the meristem, microtubules were loosely organized and became much more highly aligned in transverse arrays with increasing distance from the tip. Such a transition was not observed in bot1. No defect in microtubule organization was observed in kor-1, another mutant with a radial cell expansion defect. We also found that in wild-type root epidermal cells, cessation of radial expansion precedes the increased alignment of cortical microtubules into transverse arrays. Bot1 roots still show a gravitropic response, which indicates that ordered cortical microtubules are not required for differential growth during gravitropism. Interestingly, the fact that in the mutant, these major changes in microtubule organization cause relatively subtle changes in cell morphology, suggest that other levels of control of growth anisotropy remain to be discovered. Together, these observations suggest that BOT1 is required for organizing cortical microtubules into transverse arrays in interphase cells, and that this organization is required for consolidating, rather than initiating, changes in the direction of cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bichet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, INRA, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026 Versailles cedex, France
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Bichet A, Desnos T, Turner S, Grandjean O, Höfte H. BOTERO1 is required for normal orientation of cortical microtubules and anisotropic cell expansion in Arabidopsis. Plant J 2001; 25:137-48. [PMID: 11169190 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.00946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mutants at the BOTERO1 locus are affected in anisotropic growth in all non-tip-growing cell types examined. Mutant cells are shorter and broader than those of the wild type. Mutant inflorescence stems show a dramatically reduced bending modulus and maximum stress at yield. Our observations of root epidermis cells show that the cell expansion defect in bot1 is correlated with a defect in the orientation of the cortical microtubules. We found that in cells within the apical portion of the root, which roughly corresponds to the meristem, microtubules were loosely organized and became much more highly aligned in transverse arrays with increasing distance from the tip. Such a transition was not observed in bot1. No defect in microtubule organization was observed in kor-1, another mutant with a radial cell expansion defect. We also found that in wild-type root epidermal cells, cessation of radial expansion precedes the increased alignment of cortical microtubules into transverse arrays. Bot1 roots still show a gravitropic response, which indicates that ordered cortical microtubules are not required for differential growth during gravitropism. Interestingly, the fact that in the mutant, these major changes in microtubule organization cause relatively subtle changes in cell morphology, suggest that other levels of control of growth anisotropy remain to be discovered. Together, these observations suggest that BOT1 is required for organizing cortical microtubules into transverse arrays in interphase cells, and that this organization is required for consolidating, rather than initiating, changes in the direction of cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bichet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, INRA, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026 Versailles cedex, France
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Fagard M, Desnos T, Desprez T, Goubet F, Refregier G, Mouille G, McCann M, Rayon C, Vernhettes S, Höfte H. PROCUSTE1 encodes a cellulose synthase required for normal cell elongation specifically in roots and dark-grown hypocotyls of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2000; 12:2409-2424. [PMID: 11148287 PMCID: PMC102227 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.12.12.2409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2000] [Accepted: 10/04/2000] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Mutants at the PROCUSTE1 (PRC1) locus show decreased cell elongation, specifically in roots and dark-grown hypocotyls. Cell elongation defects are correlated with a cellulose deficiency and the presence of gapped walls. Map-based cloning of PRC1 reveals that it encodes a member (CesA6) of the cellulose synthase catalytic subunit family, of which at least nine other members exist in Arabidopsis. Mutations in another family member, RSW1 (CesA1), cause similar cell wall defects in all cell types, including those in hypocotyls and roots, suggesting that cellulose synthesis in these organs requires the coordinated expression of at least two distinct cellulose synthase isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fagard
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
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Fagard M, Desnos T, Desprez T, Goubet F, Refregier G, Mouille G, McCann M, Rayon C, Vernhettes S, Höfte H. PROCUSTE1 encodes a cellulose synthase required for normal cell elongation specifically in roots and dark-grown hypocotyls of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2000. [PMID: 11148287 DOI: 10.2307/3871238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mutants at the PROCUSTE1 (PRC1) locus show decreased cell elongation, specifically in roots and dark-grown hypocotyls. Cell elongation defects are correlated with a cellulose deficiency and the presence of gapped walls. Map-based cloning of PRC1 reveals that it encodes a member (CesA6) of the cellulose synthase catalytic subunit family, of which at least nine other members exist in Arabidopsis. Mutations in another family member, RSW1 (CesA1), cause similar cell wall defects in all cell types, including those in hypocotyls and roots, suggesting that cellulose synthesis in these organs requires the coordinated expression of at least two distinct cellulose synthase isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fagard
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
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Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyl is widely used to study the effects of light and plant growth factors on cell elongation. To provide a framework for the molecular-genetic analysis of cell elongation in this organ, here we describe, at the cellular level, its morphology and growth and identify a number of characteristic, developmental differences between light-grown and dark-grown hypocotyls. First, in the light epidermal cells show a characteristic differentiation that is not observed in the dark. Second, elongation growth of this organ does not involve significant cortical or epidermal cell divisions. However, endoreduplication occurs, as revealed by the presence of 4C and 8C nuclei. In addition, 16C nuclei were found specifically in dark-grown seedlings. Third, in the dark epidermal cells elongate along a steep, acropetal spatial and temporal gradient along the hypocotyl. In contrast, in the light all epidermal cells elongated continuously during the entire growth period. These morphological and physiological differences, in combination with previously reported genetic data (T. Desnos, V. Orbovic, C. Bellini, J. Kronenberger, M. Caboche, J. Traas, H. Höfte [1996] Development 122: 683-693), illustrate that light does not simply inhibit hypocotyl growth in a cell-autonomous fashion, but that the observed growth response to light is a part of an integrated developmental change throughout the elongating organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gendreau
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Versailles, France
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Van Lijsebettens M, Wang X, Cnops G, Boerjan W, Desnos T, Höfte H, Van Montagu M. Transgenic Arabidopsis tester lines with dominant marker genes. Mol Gen Genet 1996; 251:365-72. [PMID: 8676880 DOI: 10.1007/bf02172528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The map positions of a set of eight T-DNA insertions in the Arabidopsis genome have been determined by using closely linked visible markers. The insertions are dispersed over four of the five chromosomes. Each T-DNA insert contains one or more of the chimeric marker genes neomycin phosphotransferase (neo), hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt), phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (bar), beta-glucuronidase (gusA) and indole-3-acetamide hydrolase (iaaH). The neo, hpt and bar marker genes are dominant in a selective germination assay or when used as DNA markers in a polymerase chain reaction. These dominant markers will allow recombinants to be discerned in a germinating F2 population, one generation earlier than with a conventional recessive marker. The transgenic marker lines will speed up and simplify the isolation of recombinants in small genetic intervals, a rate-limiting step in positional cloning strategies. The transgenic lines containing the hpt marker will also be of interest for the isolation of deletion mutants at the T-DNA integration sites.
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Desnos T, Orbović V, Bellini C, Kronenberger J, Caboche M, Traas J, Höfte H. Procuste1 mutants identify two distinct genetic pathways controlling hypocotyl cell elongation, respectively in dark- and light-grown Arabidopsis seedlings. Development 1996; 122:683-93. [PMID: 8625819 DOI: 10.1242/dev.122.2.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Plant morphogenesis is dependent on a tight control of cell division and expansion. Cell elongation during post-embryonic hypocotyl growth is under the control of a light-regulated developmental switch. Light is generally believed to exert its effects on hypocotyl elongation through a phytochrome-and blue-light receptor-mediated inhibitory action on a so far unknown cell elongation mechanism. We describe here a new class of allelic mutants in Arabidopsis, at the locus PROCUSTE1 (prc1-1 to −4), which have a hypocotyl elongation defect specifically associated with the dark-grown development program. Normal hypocotyl elongation is restored in plants grown in white, blue or red light. In agreement with this, the constitutive photomorphogenic mutation cop1-6, which induces a de-etiolated phenotype in the dark, is epistatic to prc1-2 for the hypocotyl phenotype. Epistasis analyses in red and blue light respectively, indicate that phytochrome B but not the blue light receptor HY4, is required for the switch from PRC1-dependent to PRC1-independent elongation. The conditional hypocotyl growth defect is associated with a deformation of the hypocotyl surface due to an uncontrolled swelling of epidermal, cortical or endodermal cells, suggesting a defect in the structure of the expanding cell wall. A similar phenotype was observed in elongating roots, which was however, independent of the light conditions. The aerial part of mature mutant plants grown in the light was indistinguishable from the wild type. prc1 mutants provide a means of distinguishing, for the first time, two genetic pathways regulating hypocotyl cell elongation respectively in dark- and light-grown seedlings, whereby light not only inhibits hypocotyl growth, but also activates a PRC1-independent cell elongation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Desnos
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, INRA, Versailles, France
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