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Yuan B, Liu Y, Lv M, Sui Y, Hou S, Yang T, Belhadj Z, Zhou Y, Chang N, Ren Y, Sun C. Virus-like particle-based nanocarriers as an emerging platform for drug delivery. J Drug Target 2023; 31:433-455. [PMID: 36940208 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2193358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
New nanocarrier technologies are emerging, and they have great potential for improving drug delivery, targeting efficiency, and bioavailability. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are natural nanoparticles from animal and plant viruses and bacteriophages. Hence, VLPs present several great advantages, such as morphological uniformity, biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, and easy functionalisation. VLPs can deliver many active ingredients to the target tissue and have great potential as a nanocarrier to overcome the limitations associated with other nanoparticles. This review will focus primarily on the construction and applications of VLPs, particularly as a novel nanocarrier to deliver active ingredients. Herein, the main methods for the construction, purification, and characterisation of VLPs, as well as various VLP-based materials used in delivery systems are summarised. The biological distribution of VLPs in drug delivery, phagocyte-mediated clearance, and toxicity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Meilin Lv
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yilei Sui
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shenghua Hou
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Tinghui Yang
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Zakia Belhadj
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yulong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Naidan Chang
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yachao Ren
- Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, tianjin, 300000, China
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Palermo E, Alexandridi M, Di Carlo D, Muscolini M, Hiscott J. Virus-like particle - mediated delivery of the RIG-I agonist M8 induces a type I interferon response and protects cells against viral infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1079926. [PMID: 36590581 PMCID: PMC9795031 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1079926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) are nanostructures that share conformation and self-assembly properties with viruses, but lack a viral genome and therefore the infectious capacity. In this study, we produced VLPs by co-expression of VSV glycoprotein (VSV-G) and HIV structural proteins (Gag, Pol) that incorporated a strong sequence-optimized 5'ppp-RNA RIG-I agonist, termed M8. Treatment of target cells with VLPs-M8 generated an antiviral state that conferred resistance against multiple viruses. Interestingly, treatment with VLPs-M8 also elicited a therapeutic effect by inhibiting ongoing viral replication in previously infected cells. Finally, the expression of SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein on the VLP surface retargeted VLPs to ACE2 expressing cells, thus selectively blocking viral infection in permissive cells. These results highlight the potential of VLPs-M8 as a therapeutic and prophylactic vaccine platform. Overall, these observations indicate that the modification of VLP surface glycoproteins and the incorporation of nucleic acids or therapeutic drugs, will permit modulation of particle tropism, direct specific innate and adaptive immune responses in target tissues, and boost immunogenicity while minimizing off-target effects.
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Ou L, Gulla K, Biju A, Biner DW, Bylund T, Changela A, Chen SJ, Zheng CY, Cibelli N, Corrigan AR, Duan H, Gonelli CA, Kong WP, Cheng C, O’Dell S, Sarfo EK, Shaddeau A, Wang S, Vinitsky A, Yang Y, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Koup RA, Doria-Rose NA, Gall JG, Mascola JR, Kwong PD. Assessment of Crosslinkers between Peptide Antigen and Carrier Protein for Fusion Peptide-Directed Vaccines against HIV-1. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111916. [PMID: 36423012 PMCID: PMC9698951 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugate-vaccine immunogens require three components: a carrier protein, an antigen, and a crosslinker, capable of coupling antigen to carrier protein, while preserving both T-cell responses from carrier protein and B-cell responses from antigen. We previously showed that the N-terminal eight residues of the HIV-1 fusion peptide (FP8) as an antigen could prime for broad cross-clade neutralizing responses, that recombinant heavy chain of tetanus toxin (rTTHC) as a carrier protein provided optimal responses, and that choice of crosslinker could impact both antigenicity and immunogenicity. Here, we delve more deeply into the impact of varying the linker between FP8 and rTTHC. In specific, we assessed the physical properties, the antigenicity, and the immunogenicity of conjugates for crosslinkers ranging in spacer-arm length from 1.5 to 95.2 Å, with varying hydrophobicity and crosslinking-functional groups. Conjugates coupled with different degrees of multimerization and peptide-to-rTTHC stoichiometry, but all were well recognized by HIV-fusion-peptide-directed antibodies VRC34.01, VRC34.05, PGT151, and ACS202 except for the conjugate with the longest linker (24-PEGylated SMCC; SM(PEG)24), which had lower affinity for ACS202, as did the conjugate with the shortest linker (succinimidyl iodoacetate; SIA), which also had the lowest peptide-to-rTTHC stoichiometry. Murine immunizations testing seven FP8-rTTHC conjugates elicited fusion-peptide-directed antibody responses, with SIA- and SM(PEG)24-linked conjugates eliciting lower responses than the other five conjugates. After boosting with prefusion-closed envelope trimers from strains BG505 clade A and consensus clade C, trimer-directed antibody-binding responses were lower for the SIA-linked conjugate; elicited neutralizing responses were similar, however, though statistically lower for the SM(PEG)24-linked conjugate, when tested against a strain especially sensitive to fusion-peptide-directed responses. Overall, correlation analyses revealed the immunogenicity of FP8-rTTHC conjugates to be negatively impacted by hydrophilicity and extremes of length or low peptide-carrier stoichiometry, but robust to other linker parameters, with several commonly used crosslinkers yielding statistically indistinguishable serological results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Ma XY, Hill BD, Hoang T, Wen F. Virus-inspired strategies for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:1143-1157. [PMID: 34182141 PMCID: PMC8710185 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The intentional use of viruses for cancer therapy dates back over a century. As viruses are inherently immunogenic and naturally optimized delivery vehicles, repurposing viruses for drug delivery, tumor antigen presentation, or selective replication in cancer cells represents a simple and elegant approach to cancer treatment. While early virotherapy was fraught with harsh side effects and low response rates, virus-based therapies have recently seen a resurgence due to newfound abilities to engineer and tune oncolytic viruses, virus-like particles, and virus-mimicking nanoparticles for improved safety and efficacy. However, despite their great potential, very few virus-based therapies have made it through clinical trials. In this review, we present an overview of virus-inspired approaches for cancer therapy, discuss engineering strategies to enhance their mechanisms of action, and highlight their application for overcoming the challenges of traditional cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yin Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Brett D Hill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Trang Hoang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Fei Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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5
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Saika K, Kato M, Sanada H, Matsushita S, Matsui M, Handa H, Kawano M. Induction of adaptive immune responses against antigens incorporated within the capsid of simian virus 40. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:853-862. [PMID: 32501197 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simian virus 40 (SV40) is a monkey polyomavirus. The capsid structure is icosahedral and comprises VP1 units that measure 45 nm in diameter. Five SV40 VP1 molecules form one pentamer subunit, and a single icosahedral subunit comprises 72 pentamers; a single SV40 VP1 capsid comprises 360 SV40 VP1 molecules. In a previous study, we showed that an influenza A virus matrix protein 1 (M1) CTL epitope inserted within SV40 virus-like particles (VLPs) induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) without the need for an adjuvant. Here, to address whether SV40 VLPs induce adaptive immune responses against VLP-incorporated antigens, we prepared SV40 VLPs containing M1 or chicken ovalbumin (OVA). This was done by fusing M1 or OVA with the carboxyl terminus of SV40 VP2 and co-expressing them with SV40 VP1 in insect cells using a baculovirus vector. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intranasal administration of SV40 VLPs incorporating M1 induced the production of CTLs specific for the M1 epitope without the requirement for adjuvant. The production of antibodies against SV40 VLPs was also induced by i.p. administration of SV40 VLPs in the absence of adjuvant. Finally, the administration of SV40 VLPs incorporating OVA induced anti-OVA antibodies in the absence of adjuvant; in addition, the level of antibody production was comparable with that after i.p. administration of OVA plus alum adjuvant. These results suggest that the SV40 capsid incorporating foreign antigens can be used as a vaccine platform to induce adaptive immune responses without the need for adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kikue Saika
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kato
- R&I Business Development, Business Strategy Development, Sysmex Corporation, 1-1-2 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Hideaki Sanada
- R&I Business Development, Business Strategy Development, Sysmex Corporation, 1-1-2 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2241, Japan
| | - Sho Matsushita
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan.,Department of Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Masanori Matsui
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Chemical Biology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kawano
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
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Azizi M, Dianat-Moghadam H, Salehi R, Farshbaf M, Iyengar D, Sau S, Iyer AK, Valizadeh H, Mehrmohammadi M, Hamblin MR. Interactions Between Tumor Biology and Targeted Nanoplatforms for Imaging Applications. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1910402. [PMID: 34093104 PMCID: PMC8174103 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201910402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Although considerable efforts have been conducted to diagnose, improve, and treat cancer in the past few decades, existing therapeutic options are insufficient, as mortality and morbidity rates remain high. Perhaps the best hope for substantial improvement lies in early detection. Recent advances in nanotechnology are expected to increase the current understanding of tumor biology, and will allow nanomaterials to be used for targeting and imaging both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Owing to their intrinsic physicochemical characteristics, nanostructures (NSs) are valuable tools that have received much attention in nanoimaging. Consequently, rationally designed NSs have been successfully employed in cancer imaging for targeting cancer-specific or cancer-associated molecules and pathways. This review categorizes imaging and targeting approaches according to cancer type, and also highlights some new safe approaches involving membrane-coated nanoparticles, tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles, circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNAs, and cancer stem cells in the hope of developing more precise targeting and multifunctional nanotechnology-based imaging probes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Azizi
- Proteomics Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
| | - Hassan Dianat-Moghadam
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665621, Iran
| | - Roya Salehi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz 516615731, Iran
| | - Masoud Farshbaf
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 6581151656, Iran
| | - Disha Iyengar
- U-BiND Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Samaresh Sau
- U-BiND Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Arun K Iyer
- U-BiND Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Street, Tabriz 516615731, Iran
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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7
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Lu Y, Dong H, Li J, Li L, Wang M, Liu H, Teng Z, Zhang Y, Jin Y, Guo H, Yang Y, Wen X, Sun S. Enhanced protective immune response of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine through DNA-loaded virus-like particles. Microb Pathog 2020; 143:104130. [PMID: 32165331 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the etiological agent of a highly contagious disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals. Virus-like particles (VLPs) can induce a robust immune response and deliver DNA and small molecules. In this study, a VLP-harboring pcDNA3.1/P12A3C plasmid was generated, and the protective immune response was characterized. Guinea pigs were injected with VLPs, naked DNA vaccine, DNA-loaded VLPs, or phosphate-buffered saline twice subcutaneously at four-week intervals. Results demonstrated that the VLPs protected the naked DNA from DNase degeneration and delivered the DNA into the cells in vitro. The DNA-loaded VLPs and the VLPs alone induced a similar level of specific antibodies (P > 0.05) except at 49 dpv (P < 0.05). The difference in interferon-γ was consistent with that in specific antibodies. The levels of neutralizing antibodies induced by the DNA-loaded VLPs were significantly higher than those of other samples (P < 0.01). Similarly, the lymphocyte proliferation by using DNA-loaded VLPs was significantly higher than those using other formulas after booster immunization. Vaccination with DNA-loaded VLPs provided higher protection (100%) against viral challenge compared with vaccination with VLPs (75%) and DNA vaccine (25%). This study suggested that VLPs can be used as a delivery carrier for DNA vaccine. In turn, the DNA vaccine can enhance the immune response and prolong the serological duration of the VLP vaccine. This phenomenon contributes in providing complete protection against the FMDV challenge in guinea pigs and can be valuable in exploring novel nonreplicating vaccines and controlling FMD in endemic countries worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/CHINA National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, PR China; College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434023, PR China
| | - Hu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/CHINA National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, PR China
| | - Jielin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/CHINA National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, PR China
| | - Luying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/CHINA National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/CHINA National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, PR China
| | - Haiyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/CHINA National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, PR China
| | - Zhidong Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/CHINA National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/CHINA National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, PR China
| | - Ye Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/CHINA National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, PR China
| | - Huichen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/CHINA National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, PR China
| | - Yuying Yang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, 434023, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Hainan Key Lab of Tropical Animal Reproduction and Breeding and Epidemic Disease Research, Haidian Island, Haikou, 570228, PR China.
| | - Shiqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology and OIE/CHINA National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, PR China.
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8
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van Rosmalen MGM, Li C, Zlotnick A, Wuite GJL, Roos WH. Effect of dsDNA on the Assembly Pathway and Mechanical Strength of SV40 VP1 Virus-like Particles. Biophys J 2018; 115:1656-1665. [PMID: 30301514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simian virus 40 (SV40) is a possible vehicle for targeted drug delivery systems because of its low immunogenicity, high infectivity, and high transfection efficiency. To use SV40 for biotechnology applications, more information is needed on its assembly process to efficiently incorporate foreign materials and to tune the mechanical properties of the structure. We use atomic force microscopy to determine the effect of double-stranded DNA packaging, buffer conditions, and incubation time on the morphology and strength of virus-like particles (VLPs) composed of SV40 VP1 pentamers. DNA-induced assembly results in a homogeneous population of native-like, ∼45 nm VLPs. In contrast, under high-ionic-strength conditions, the VP1 pentamers do not seem to interact consistently, resulting in a heterogeneous population of empty VLPs. The stiffness of both in-vitro-assembled empty and DNA-filled VLPs is comparable. Yet, the DNA increases the VLPs' resistance to large deformation forces by acting as a scaffold, holding the VP1 pentamers together. Both disulfide bridges and Ca2+, important in-vitro-assembly factors, affect the mechanical stability of the VLPs: the reducing agent DTT makes the VLPs less resistant to mechanical stress and prone to damage, whereas Ca2+-chelating EDTA induces a marked softening of the VLP. These results show that negatively charged polymers such as DNA can be used to generate homogeneous particles, thereby optimizing VLPs as vessels for drug delivery. Moreover, the storage buffer should be chosen such that VP1 interpentamer interactions are preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chenglei Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Adam Zlotnick
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Gijs J L Wuite
- Natuur- en Sterrenkunde and LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Wouter H Roos
- Moleculaire Biofysica, Zernike Instituut, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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9
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Zhang W, Zhang XE, Li F. Virus-Based Nanoparticles of Simian Virus 40 in the Field of Nanobiotechnology. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1700619. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan 430071 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 101407 China
| | - Xian-En Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100101 China
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan 430071 China
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10
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Shirbaghaee Z, Bolhassani A. Different applications of virus-like particles in biology and medicine: Vaccination and delivery systems. Biopolymers 2016; 105:113-32. [PMID: 26509554 PMCID: PMC7161881 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) mimic the whole construct of virus particles devoid of viral genome as used in subunit vaccine design. VLPs can elicit efficient protective immunity as direct immunogens compared to soluble antigens co-administered with adjuvants in several booster injections. Up to now, several prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems such as insect, yeast, plant, and E. coli were used to express recombinant proteins, especially for VLP production. Recent studies are also generating VLPs in plants using different transient expression vectors for edible vaccines. VLPs and viral particles have been applied for different functions such as gene therapy, vaccination, nanotechnology, and diagnostics. Herein, we describe VLP production in different systems as well as its applications in biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Shirbaghaee
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDSPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
- Department of Immunology, School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDSPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
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11
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Somiya M, Kuroda S. Development of a virus-mimicking nanocarrier for drug delivery systems: The bio-nanocapsule. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 95:77-89. [PMID: 26482188 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As drug delivery systems, nanocarriers should be capable of executing the following functions: evasion of the host immune system, targeting to the diseased site, entering cells, escaping from endosomes, and releasing payloads into the cytoplasm. Since viruses perform some or all of these functions, they are considered naturally occurring nanocarriers. To achieve biomimicry of the hepatitis B virus (HBV), we generated the "bio-nanocapsule" (BNC)-which deploys the human hepatocyte-targeting domain, fusogenic domain, and polymerized-albumin receptor domain of HBV envelope L protein on its surface-by overexpressing the L protein in yeast cells. BNCs are capable of delivering various payloads to the cytoplasm of human hepatic cells specifically in vivo, which is achieved via formation of complexes with various materials (e.g., drugs, nucleic acids, and proteins) by electroporation, fusion with liposomes, or chemical modification. In this review, we describe BNC-related technology, discuss retargeting strategies for BNCs, and outline other virus-inspired nanocarriers.
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12
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Synthetic biology design to display an 18 kDa rotavirus large antigen on a modular virus-like particle. Vaccine 2015; 33:5937-44. [PMID: 26387437 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles are an established class of commercial vaccine possessing excellent function and proven stability. Exciting developments made possible by modern tools of synthetic biology has stimulated emergence of modular VLPs, whereby parts of one pathogen are by design integrated into a less harmful VLP which has preferential physical and manufacturing character. This strategy allows the immunologically protective parts of a pathogen to be displayed on the most-suitable VLP. However, the field of modular VLP design is immature, and robust design principles are yet to emerge, particularly for larger antigenic structures. Here we use a combination of molecular dynamic simulation and experiment to reveal two key design principles for VLPs. First, the linkers connecting the integrated antigenic module with the VLP-forming protein must be well designed to ensure structural separation and independence. Second, the number of antigenic domains on the VLP surface must be sufficiently below the maximum such that a "steric barrier" to VLP formation cannot exist. This second principle leads to designs whereby co-expression of modular protein with unmodified VLP-forming protein can titrate down the amount of antigen on the surface of the VLP, to the point where assembly can proceed. In this work we elucidate these principles by displaying the 18.1 kDa VP8* domain from rotavirus on the murine polyomavirus VLP, and show functional presentation of the antigenic structure.
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13
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Rodrigues AF, Soares HR, Guerreiro MR, Alves PM, Coroadinha AS. Viral vaccines and their manufacturing cell substrates: New trends and designs in modern vaccinology. Biotechnol J 2015. [PMID: 26212697 PMCID: PMC7161866 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most effective interventions in global health. The worldwide vaccination programs significantly reduced the number of deaths caused by infectious agents. A successful example was the eradication of smallpox in 1979 after two centuries of vaccination campaigns. Since the first variolation administrations until today, the knowledge on immunology has increased substantially. This knowledge combined with the introduction of cell culture and DNA recombinant technologies revolutionized vaccine design. This review will focus on vaccines against human viral pathogens, recent developments on vaccine design and cell substrates used for their manufacture. While the production of attenuated and inactivated vaccines requires the use of the respective permissible cell substrates, the production of recombinant antigens, virus‐like particles, vectored vaccines and chimeric vaccines requires the use – and often the development – of specific cell lines. Indeed, the development of novel modern viral vaccine designs combined with, the stringent safety requirements for manufacture, and the better understanding on animal cell metabolism and physiology are increasing the awareness on the importance of cell line development and engineering areas. A new era of modern vaccinology is arriving, offering an extensive toolbox to materialize novel and creative ideas in vaccine design and its manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Rodrigues
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Hugo R Soares
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Miguel R Guerreiro
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula M Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana S Coroadinha
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal. .,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.
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14
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Chariou PL, Lee KL, Wen AM, Gulati NM, Stewart PL, Steinmetz NF. Detection and imaging of aggressive cancer cells using an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted filamentous plant virus-based nanoparticle. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:262-269. [PMID: 25611133 PMCID: PMC4859893 DOI: 10.1021/bc500545z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging approaches and targeted drug delivery hold promise for earlier detection of diseases and treatment with higher efficacy while reducing side effects, therefore increasing survival rates and quality of life. Virus-based nanoparticles are a promising platform because their scaffold can be manipulated both genetically and chemically to simultaneously display targeting ligands while carrying payloads for diagnosis or therapeutic intervention. Here, we displayed a 12-amino-acid peptide ligand, GE11 (YHWYGYTPQNVI), on nanoscale filaments formed by the plant virus potato virus X (PVX). Bioconjugation was used to produce fluorescently labeled PVX-GE11 filaments targeted toward the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Cell detection and imaging was demonstrated using human skin epidermoid carcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, and triple negative breast cancer cell lines (A-431, HT-29, MDA-MB-231), all of which upregulate EGFR to various degrees. Nonspecific uptake in ductal breast carcinoma (BT-474) cells was not observed. Furthermore, co-culture experiments with EGFR(+) cancer cells and macrophages indicate successful targeting and partitioning toward the cancer cells. This study lays a foundation for the development of EGFR-targeted filaments delivering contrast agents for imaging and diagnosis, and/or toxic payloads for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L. Chariou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Karin L. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Amy M. Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Neetu M. Gulati
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Phoebe L. Stewart
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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15
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Kawano M, Doi K, Fukuda H, Kita Y, Imai K, Inoue T, Enomoto T, Matsui M, Hatakeyama M, Yamaguchi Y, Handa H. SV40 VP1 major capsid protein in its self-assembled form allows VP1 pentamers to coat various types of artificial beads in vitro regardless of their sizes and shapes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 5:105-111. [PMID: 28435806 PMCID: PMC5374266 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Monomeric VP1 pentamers of simian virus 40 coat artificial beads larger than natural capsids. Polystyrene beads (100, 200, and 500 nm in diameter) can be covered by VP1 pentamers. Silica beads can also be covered by VP1 pentamers. VP1 pentamers can also coat angular-shaped magnetite-particle and rough-shaped liposomes. The self-reassembly property of VP1 may allow it to coat various artificial beads, regardless of their sizes or shapes.
The icosahedral capsid structure of simian virus 40 (diameter, 45 nm) consists of 72 pentameric subunits, with each subunit formed by five VP1 molecules. Electron microscopy, immuno-gold labeling, and ζ-potential analysis showed that purified recombinant VP1 pentamers covered polystyrene beads measuring 100, 200, and 500 nm in diameter, as well as silica beads. In addition to covering spherical beads, VP1 pentamers covered cubic magnetite beads, as well as the distorted surface structures of liposomes. These findings indicate that VP1 pentamers could coat artificial beads of various shapes and sizes larger than the natural capsid. Technology based on VP1 pentamers may be useful in providing a capsid-like surface for enclosed materials, enhancing their stability and cellular uptake for drug delivery systems.
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Key Words
- Artificial beads
- CMNPs, citrate-coated magnetic nanoparticles
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DOPE, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glocero-3-phosphoethanolamine
- DOTAP, N-[1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl-N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium chloride
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- Drug delivery
- EGF, epidermal growth factor
- EGTA, ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid
- EM, electron microscopy
- NP-40, nonidet P-40
- PLGA, poly-lactic-co-glycolic-acid
- PVA, polyvinyl alcohol
- Polyomavirus
- RCNMV, red clover necrotic mosaic virus
- SV40, simian virus 40
- Simian virus 40
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- TEOS, tetraethyl orthosilicate
- VLPs, virus-like particles
- VP1
- VP1 coating
- W/O, water in oil
- W/O/W, water in oil in water
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Kawano
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-cho, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Koji Doi
- Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hajime Fukuda
- Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kita
- Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kensuke Imai
- Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Takamasa Inoue
- Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Teruya Enomoto
- Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Masanori Matsui
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-cho, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Mamoru Hatakeyama
- Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Biological Information, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Nanoparticle Translational Research, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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16
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Machida K, Imataka H. Production methods for viral particles. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 37:753-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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17
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Schoonen L, van Hest JCM. Functionalization of protein-based nanocages for drug delivery applications. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:7124-41. [PMID: 24860847 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00915k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Traditional drug delivery strategies involve drugs which are not targeted towards the desired tissue. This can lead to undesired side effects, as normal cells are affected by the drugs as well. Therefore, new systems are now being developed which combine targeting functionalities with encapsulation of drug cargo. Protein nanocages are highly promising drug delivery platforms due to their perfectly defined structures, biocompatibility, biodegradability and low toxicity. A variety of protein nanocages have been modified and functionalized for these types of applications. In this review, we aim to give an overview of different types of modifications of protein-based nanocontainers for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Schoonen
- Institute of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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18
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Self-assembly of virus-like particles of canine parvovirus capsid protein expressed from Escherichia coli and application as virus-like particle vaccine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:3529-38. [PMID: 24413974 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5485-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus disease is an acute infectious disease caused by canine parvovirus (CPV). Current commercial vaccines are mainly attenuated and inactivated; as such, problems concerning safety may occur. To resolve this problem, researchers developed virus-like particles (VLPs) as biological nanoparticles resembling natural virions and showing high bio-safety. This property allows the use of VLPs for vaccine development and mechanism studies of viral infections. Tissue-specific drug delivery also employs VLPs as biological nanomaterials. Therefore, VLPs derived from CPV have a great potential in medicine and diagnostics. In this study, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) fusion motif was utilized to express a whole, naturalVP2 protein of CPV in Escherichia coli. After the cleavage of the fusion motif, the CPV VP2 protein has self-assembled into VLPs. The VLPs had a size and shape that resembled the authentic virus capsid. However, the self-assembly efficiency of VLPs can be affected by different pH levels and ionic strengths. The mice vaccinated subcutaneously with CPV VLPs and CPV-specific immune responses were compared with those immunized with the natural virus. This result showed that VLPs can effectively induce anti-CPV specific antibody and lymphocyte proliferation as a whole virus. This result further suggested that the antigen epitope of CPV was correctly present on VLPs, thereby showing the potential application of a VLP-based CPV vaccine.
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19
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Kawano M, Matsui M, Handa H. SV40 virus-like particles as an effective delivery system and its application to a vaccine carrier. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 12:199-210. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.12.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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20
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Teunissen EA, de Raad M, Mastrobattista E. Production and biomedical applications of virus-like particles derived from polyomaviruses. J Control Release 2013; 172:305-321. [PMID: 23999392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs), aggregates of capsid proteins devoid of viral genetic material, show great promise in the fields of vaccine development and gene therapy. These particles spontaneously self-assemble after heterologous expression of viral structural proteins. This review will focus on the use of virus-like particles derived from polyomavirus capsid proteins. Since their first recombinant production 27 years ago these particles have been investigated for a myriad of biomedical applications. These virus-like particles are safe, easy to produce, can be loaded with a broad range of diverse cargoes and can be tailored for specific delivery or epitope presentation. We will highlight the structural characteristics of polyomavirus-derived VLPs and give an overview of their applications in diagnostics, vaccine development and gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik A Teunissen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Markus de Raad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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21
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Enomoto T, Kawano M, Fukuda H, Sawada W, Inoue T, Haw KC, Kita Y, Sakamoto S, Yamaguchi Y, Imai T, Hatakeyama M, Saito S, Sandhu A, Matsui M, Aoki I, Handa H. Viral protein-coating of magnetic nanoparticles using simian virus 40 VP1. J Biotechnol 2013; 167:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Doll TAPF, Raman S, Dey R, Burkhard P. Nanoscale assemblies and their biomedical applications. J R Soc Interface 2013; 10:20120740. [PMID: 23303217 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale assemblies are a unique class of materials, which can be synthesized from inorganic, polymeric or biological building blocks. The multitude of applications of this class of materials ranges from solar and electrical to uses in food, cosmetics and medicine. In this review, we initially highlight characteristic features of polymeric nanoscale assemblies as well as those built from biological units (lipids, nucleic acids and proteins). We give special consideration to protein nanoassemblies found in nature such as ferritin protein cages, bacterial microcompartments and vaults found in eukaryotic cells and designed protein nanoassemblies, such as peptide nanofibres and peptide nanotubes. Next, we focus on biomedical applications of these nanoscale assemblies, such as cell targeting, drug delivery, bioimaging and vaccine development. In the vaccine development section, we report in more detail the use of virus-like particles and self-assembling polypeptide nanoparticles as new vaccine delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tais A P F Doll
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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23
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Pushko P, Pumpens P, Grens E. Development of Virus-Like Particle Technology from Small Highly Symmetric to Large Complex Virus-Like Particle Structures. Intervirology 2013; 56:141-65. [DOI: 10.1159/000346773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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24
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Purification and visualization of encephalomyocarditisvirus synthesized by an in vitro protein expression system derived from mammalian cell extract. Biotechnol Lett 2012; 35:309-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-012-1086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Proteins are the work-horses of life and excute the essential processes involved in the growth and repair of cells. These roles include all aspects of cell signalling, metabolism and repair that allow living things to exist. They are not only chemical catalysts and machine components, they are also structural components of the cell or organism, capable of self-organisation into strong supramolecular cages, fibres and meshes. How proteins are encoded genetically and how they are sythesised in vivo is now well understood, and for an increasing number of proteins, the relationship between structure and function is known in exquisite detail. The next challenge in bionanoscience is to adapt useful protein systems to build new functional structures. Well-defined natural structures with potential useful shapes are a good starting point. With this in mind, in this chapter we discuss the properties of natural and artificial protein channels, nanotubes and cages with regard to recent progress and potential future applications. Chemistries for attaching together different proteins to form superstructures are considered as well as the difficulties associated with designing complex protein structures ab initio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G. Heddle
- Heddle Initiative Research Unit RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Jeremy R. H. Tame
- Protein Design Laboratory Yokohama City University 1-7—29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
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26
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Pokorski JK, Hovlid ML, Finn MG. Cell targeting with hybrid Qβ virus-like particles displaying epidermal growth factor. Chembiochem 2011; 12:2441-7. [PMID: 21956837 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Structurally uniform protein nanoparticles derived from the self-assembly of viral capsid proteins are attractive platforms for the multivalent display of cell-targeting motifs for use in nanomedicine. Virus-based nanoparticles are of particular interest because the scaffold can be manipulated both genetically and chemically to simultaneously display targeting groups and carry a functional payload. Here, we displayed the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the exterior surface of bacteriophage Qβ as a C-terminal genetic fusion to the Qβ capsid protein. The co-assembly of wild-type Qβ and EGF-modified subunits resulted in structurally homogeneous nanoparticles displaying between 5 and 12 copies of EGF on their exterior surface. The particles were found to be amenable to bioconjugation by standard methods as well as the high-fidelity copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC). Such chemical derivatization did not impair the ability of the particles to specifically interact with the EGF receptor. Additionally, the particle-displayed EGF remained biologically active promoting autophosphorylation of the EGF receptor and apoptosis of A431 cells. These results suggest that hybrid Qβ-EGF nanoparticles could be useful vehicles for targeted delivery of imaging and/or therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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