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Mutanda I, Sethupathy S, Xu Q, Zhu B, Shah SWA, Zhuang Z, Zhu D. Optimization of heterologous production of Bacillus ligniniphilus L1 laccase in Escherichia coli through statistical design of experiments. Microbiol Res 2023; 274:127416. [PMID: 37290170 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Laccases are powerful multi-copper oxidoreductases that have wide applicability as "green" biocatalysts in biotechnological, bioremediation, and industrial applications. Sustainable production of large amounts of functional laccases from original sources is limited by low yields, difficulties in purification, slow growth of the organisms, and high cost of production. Harnessing the full potential of these versatile biocatalysts will require the development of efficient heterologous systems that allow high-yield, scalable, and cost-effective production. We previously cloned a temperature- and pH-stable laccase from Bacillus ligniniphilus L1 (L1-lacc) that demonstrated remarkable activity in the oxidation of lignin and delignification for bioethanol production. However, L1-lacc is limited by low enzyme yields in both the source organism and heterologous systems. Here, to improve production yields and lower the cost of production, we optimized the recombinant E. coli BL21 strain for high-level production of L1-lacc. Several culture medium components and fermentation parameters were optimized using one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and Plackett-Burman design (PBD) to screen for important factors that were then optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and an orthogonal design. The optimized medium composition had compound nitrogen (15.6 g/L), glucose (21.5 g/L), K2HPO4 (0.15 g/L), MgSO4 (1 g/L), and NaCl (7.5 g/L), which allowed a 3.3-fold yield improvement while subsequent optimization of eight fermentation parameters achieved further improvements to a final volumetric activity titer of 5.94 U/mL in 24 h. This represents a 7-fold yield increase compared to the initial medium and fermentation conditions. This work presents statistically guided optimization strategies for improving heterologous production of a bacterial laccase that resulted in a high-yielding, cost-efficient production system for an enzyme with promising applications in lignin valorization, biomass processing, and generation of novel composite thermoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishmael Mutanda
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Sivasamy Sethupathy
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Sayed Waqas Ali Shah
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhuang
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Daochen Zhu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Wang J, Yu S, Li X, Feng F, Lu L. High-level expression of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens laccase and construction of its chimeric variant with improved stability by domain substitution. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 43:403-411. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Knedel TO, Ricklefs E, Schlüsener C, Urlacher VB, Janiak C. Laccase Encapsulation in ZIF-8 Metal-Organic Framework Shows Stability Enhancement and Substrate Selectivity. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:1337-1344. [PMID: 31692915 PMCID: PMC6826233 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
CgL1 laccase from Corynebacterium glutamicum was encapsulated into the metal-organic framework (MOF) ZIF-8 which was synthesized in a rapid enzyme friendly aqueous synthesis, the fastest in situ encapsulation of laccases reported to date. The obtained enzyme/MOF, i. e. laccase@ZIF-8 composite showed enhanced thermal (up to 70 °C) and chemical (N,N-dimethylformamide) stability, resulting in a stable heterogenous catalyst, suitable for high temperature reactions in organic solvents. Furthermore, the defined structure of ZIF-8 produced a size selective substrate specificity, so that substrates larger than the pore size were not accepted. Thereby, 2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) was used to verify that the enzyme is immobilized inside the MOF versus the outside surface. The enzyme@MOF composite was analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (ASS) to precisely determine the enzyme loading to 2.1 wt%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim-Oliver Knedel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40204 Düsseldorf
| | - Esther Ricklefs
- Institut für Biochemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40204 Düsseldorf
| | - Carsten Schlüsener
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40204 Düsseldorf
| | - Vlada B Urlacher
- Institut für Biochemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40204 Düsseldorf
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf 40204 Düsseldorf
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Aptitude of Oxidative Enzymes for Treatment of Wastewater Pollutants: A Laccase Perspective. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112064. [PMID: 31151229 PMCID: PMC6600482 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural water sources are very often contaminated by municipal wastewater discharges which contain either of xenobiotic pollutants and their sometimes more toxic degradation products, or both, which frustrates the universal millenium development goal of provision of the relatively scarce pristine freshwater to water-scarce and -stressed communities, in order to augment their socioeconomic well-being. Seeing that both regulatory measures, as regards the discharge limits of wastewater, and the query for efficient treatment methods remain unanswered, partially, the prospects of enzymatic treatment of wastewater is advisable. Therefore, a reconsideration was assigned to the possible capacity of oxidative enzymes and the respective challenges encountered during their applications in wastewater treatment, and ultimately, the prospects of laccase, a polyphenol oxidase that oxidizes aromatic and inorganic substrates with electron-donating groups in treatment aromatic contaminants of wastewater, in real wastewater situations, since it is assumed to be a vehicle for a greener community. Furthermore, the importance of laccase-driven catalysis toward maintaining mass-energy balance, hence minimizing environmental waste, was comprehensibly elucidated, as well the strategic positioning of laccase in a model wastewater treatment facility for effective treatment of wastewater contaminants.
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Zhang Z, Liu J, Fan J, Wang Z, Li L. Detection of catechol using an electrochemical biosensor based on engineered Escherichia coli cells that surface-display laccase. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1009:65-72. [PMID: 29422133 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report an electrochemical microbial biosensor that was made by immobilizing a bacterial laccase on the surface of Escherichia coli cells followed by adsorption of modified live cells onto a glassy-carbon electrode. Expression and surface localization of laccase on target cells were confirmed by Western blotting, flow cytometry assays and immunofluorescence microscopy observation. Increased tandem-aligned anchors with three repeats of the N-terminal domain of an ice nucleation protein were used to construct a highly active E. coli whole cell laccase-based catalytic system. When the proposed biosensor was used to detect catechol, the electrochemical response under optimized pH conditions was linear within a concentration range of 0.5 μM-300.0 μM catechol. Metal ions (Mn2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Al3+ and Zn2+) at concentrations from 1 to 10 mg L-1, bovine serum albumin and glucose at concentrations from 0.1 to 10 g L-1, and ascorbic acid at concentrations from 0.01 to 0.1 g L-1 did not cause a noticeable interference effect. The detection limit of 0.1 μM catechol was comparable to those of other biosensors based on purified chemically modified laccases. When used to detect catechol in real red wine and tea samples, the biosensor offered a considerable level of accuracy comparable to the HPLC method as well as high recovery rates (98.2%-103.8%) towards all of the tested samples. Moreover, the developed system also exhibited high stability and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Biology Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Lončar N, Božić N, Vujčić Z. Expression and characterization of a thermostable organic solvent-tolerant laccase from Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 9945a. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ricklefs E, Girhard M, Urlacher VB. Three-steps in one-pot: whole-cell biocatalytic synthesis of enantiopure (+)- and (-)-pinoresinol via kinetic resolution. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:78. [PMID: 27160378 PMCID: PMC4862135 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pinoresinol is a high-value plant-derived lignan with multiple health supporting effects. Enantiomerically pure pinoresinol can be isolated from natural sources, but with low efficiency. Most chemical and biocatalytic approaches that have been described for the synthesis of pinoresinol furnish the racemic mixture. In this study we devised a three-step biocatalytic cascade for the production of enantiomerically pure pinoresinol from the cheap compound eugenol. Two consecutive oxidations of eugenol through vanillyl-alcohol oxidase and laccase are followed by kinetic resolution of racemic pinoresinol by enantiospecific pinoresinol reductases. Results The addition of the enantiospecific pinoresinol reductase from Arabidopsis thaliana for kinetic resolution of (±)-pinoresinol to an in vitro cascade involving the vanillyl-alcohol oxidase from Penicillium simplicissimum and the bacterial laccase CgL1 from Corynebacterium glutamicum resulted in increasing ee values for (+)-pinoresinol; however, an ee value of 34 % was achieved in the best case. The ee value could be increased up to ≥99 % by applying Escherichia coli-based whole-cell biocatalysts. The optimized process operated in a one-pot “two-cell” sequential mode and yielded 876 µM (+)-pinoresinol with an ee value of 98 %. Switching the reductase to the enantiospecific pinoresinol lariciresinol reductase from Forsythia intermedia enabled the production of 610 µM (−)-pinoresinol with an ee value of 97 %. Conclusion A new approach for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure (+)- and (−)-pinoresinol is described that combines three biotransformation steps in one pot. By switching the reductase in the last step, the whole-cell biocatalysts can be directed to produce either (+)- or (−)-pinoresinol. The products of the reductases’ activity, (−)-lariciresinol and (−)-secoisolariciresinol, are valuable precursors that can also be applied for the synthesis of further lignans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0472-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Ricklefs
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marco Girhard
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vlada B Urlacher
- Institute of Biochemistry, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Characterization of a novel high-pH-tolerant laccase-like multicopper oxidase and its sequence diversity in Thioalkalivibrio sp. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:9987-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6843-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ricklefs E, Girhard M, Koschorreck K, Smit MS, Urlacher VB. Two-Step One-Pot Synthesis of Pinoresinol from Eugenol in an Enzymatic Cascade. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Structural insight into the oxidation of sinapic acid by CotA laccase. J Struct Biol 2015; 190:155-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Jones SM, Solomon EI. Electron transfer and reaction mechanism of laccases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:869-83. [PMID: 25572295 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Laccases are part of the family of multicopper oxidases (MCOs), which couple the oxidation of substrates to the four electron reduction of O2 to H2O. MCOs contain a minimum of four Cu's divided into Type 1 (T1), Type 2 (T2), and binuclear Type 3 (T3) Cu sites that are distinguished based on unique spectroscopic features. Substrate oxidation occurs near the T1, and electrons are transferred approximately 13 Å through the protein via the Cys-His pathway to the T2/T3 trinuclear copper cluster (TNC), where dioxygen reduction occurs. This review outlines the electron transfer (ET) process in laccases, and the mechanism of O2 reduction as elucidated through spectroscopic, kinetic, and computational data. Marcus theory is used to describe the relevant factors which impact ET rates including the driving force, reorganization energy, and electronic coupling matrix element. Then, the mechanism of O2 reaction is detailed with particular focus on the intermediates formed during the two 2e(-) reduction steps. The first 2e(-) step forms the peroxide intermediate, followed by the second 2e(-) step to form the native intermediate, which has been shown to be the catalytically relevant fully oxidized form of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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