1
|
Li R, Sun Y, Zhou Y, Gai J, You L, Yang F, Tang W, Li X. A novel decrystallizing protein CxEXL22 from Arthrobotrys sp. CX1 capable of synergistically hydrolyzing cellulose with cellulases. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:90. [PMID: 38650251 PMCID: PMC10992334 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel expansin-like protein (CxEXL22) has been identified and characterized from newly isolated Arthrobotrys sp. CX1 that can cause cellulose decrystallization. Unlike previously reported expansin-like proteins from microbes, CxEXL22 has a parallel β-sheet domain at the N terminal, containing many hydrophobic residues to form the hydrophobic surface as part of the groove. The direct phylogenetic relationship implied the genetic transfers occurred from nematode to nematicidal fungal Arthrobotrys sp. CX1. CxEXL22 showed strong activity for the hydrolysis of hydrogen bonds between cellulose molecules, especially when highly crystalline cellulose was used as substrate. The hydrolysis efficiency of Avicel was increased 7.9-fold after pretreating with CxEXL22. The rupture characterization of crystalline region indicated that CxEXL22 strongly binds cellulose and breaks up hydrogen bonds in the crystalline regions of cellulose to split cellulose chains, causing significant depolymerization to expose much more microfibrils and enhances cellulose accessibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Gangjingqu, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yunze Sun
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Gangjingqu, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yihao Zhou
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Gangjingqu, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Jiawei Gai
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Gangjingqu, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Linlu You
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Gangjingqu, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Gangjingqu, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Wenzhu Tang
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Gangjingqu, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Xianzhen Li
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Gangjingqu, Dalian, 116034, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Matsuyama K, Sunagawa N, Igarashi K. Mutation of cysteine residues increases heterologous expression of peach expansin in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2020; 37:397-403. [PMID: 33850426 PMCID: PMC8034678 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.20.0713a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The study of Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZymes) associated with plant cell wall metabolism is important for elucidating the developmental mechanisms of plants and also for the utilization of plants as a biomass resource. The use of recombinant proteins is common in this context, but heterologous expression of plant proteins is particularly difficult, in part because the presence of many cysteine residues promotes denaturation, aggregation and/or protein misfolding. In this study, we evaluated two phenotypes of methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris as expression hosts for expansin from peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, PpEXP1), which is one of the most challenging targets for heterologous expression. cDNAs encoding wild-type expansin (PpEXP1_WT) and a mutant in which all cysteine residues were replaced with serine (PpEXP1_CS) were each inserted into expression vectors, and the protein expression levels were compared. The total amount of secreted protein in PpEXP1_WT culture was approximately twice that of PpEXP1_CS. However, the amounts of recombinant expansin were 0.58 and 4.3 mg l-1, corresponding to 0.18% and 2.37% of total expressed protein, respectively. This 13-fold increase in production of the mutant in P. pastoris indicates that the replacement of cysteine residues stabilizes recombinant PpEXP1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Matsuyama
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoki Sunagawa
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Igarashi
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, PO Box 1000, Tietotie 2, Espoo FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Recombinant Technologies to Improve Ruminant Production Systems: The Past, Present and Future. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8121633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of recombinant technologies has been proposed as an alternative to improve livestock production systems for more than 25 years. However, its effects on animal health and performance have not been described. Thus, understanding the use of recombinant technology could help to improve public acceptance. The objective of this review is to describe the effects of recombinant technologies and proteins on the performance, health status, and rumen fermentation of meat and milk ruminants. The heterologous expression and purification of proteins mainly include eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems like Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris. Recombinant hormones have been commercially available since 1992, their effects remarkably improving both the reproductive and productive performance of animals. More recently the use of recombinant antigens and immune cells have proven to be effective in increasing meat and milk production in ruminant production systems. Likewise, the use of recombinant vaccines could help to reduce drug resistance developed by parasites and improve animal health. Recombinant enzymes and probiotics could help to enhance rumen fermentation and animal efficiency. Likewise, the use of recombinant technologies has been extended to the food industry as a strategy to enhance the organoleptic properties of animal-food sources, reduce food waste and mitigate the environmental impact. Despite these promising results, many of these recombinant technologies are still highly experimental. Thus, the feasibility of these technologies should be carefully addressed before implementation. Alternatively, the use of transgenic animals and the development of genome editing technology has expanded the frontiers in science and research. However, their use and implementation depend on complex policies and regulations that are still under development.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Z, Hong J, Ma S, Huang T, Ma Y, Liu W, Liu W, Liu Z, Song H. Heterologous expression of EUGT11 from Oryza sativa in Pichia pastoris for highly efficient one-pot production of rebaudioside D from rebaudioside A. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1669-1676. [PMID: 32976903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rebaudioside D is a promising sweetener due to its zero calorie and high sweetness. Here, a transglucosylase gene eugt11 from Oryza sativa was for the first time expressed in Pichia pastoris, and transformant XE-3 showed the highest expression levels in pH 5.5 BMMY media containing 0.75% methanol. The affinity-purified EUGT11 from XE-3 displayed the highest activity at pH 6.0-6.5 and 45 °C, compared to pH 8.5 and 35 °C for EUGT11 from Escherichia coli. One-pot synthesis with orthogonal design was employed to optimize the rebaudioside D production using XE-3, and the initial pH 7.0 of the medium appears to be a significant factor and delivers the highest conversion efficiency. A two-step temperature-control strategy was developed, and a conversion rate of 95.31% was achieved at 28/35 °C vs. 62.41% in a one-step process at 28 °C. This study provides a high-efficient whole-cell biocatalysts technology for the sweetener production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Wang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; R&D Division, Sinochem Health Company Ltd., Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiefang Hong
- Biomass Conversion Laboratory, Tianjin R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Biomass Conversion Laboratory, Tianjin R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tong Huang
- Biomass Conversion Laboratory, Tianjin R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Biomass Conversion Laboratory, Tianjin R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China; Frontier Technology Institute (Wuqing), Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hao Song
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China; Frontier Technology Institute (Wuqing), Tianjin University, Tianjin 30072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cui M, Duan Y, Ma Y, Al-Shwafy KWA, Liu Y, Zhao X, Huang R, Qi W, He Z, Su R. Real-Time QCM-D Monitoring of the Adsorption-Desorption of Expansin on Lignin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:4503-4510. [PMID: 32241112 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Expansin has nonhydrolytic disruptive activity and synergistically acts with cellulases to enhance the hydrolysis of cellulose. The adsorption-desorption of expansin on noncellulosic lignin can greatly affect the action of expansin on lignocellulose. In this study, three lignins with different sources (kraft lignin (KL), sodium lignin sulfonate (SLS), and enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL)) were selected as the substrates. The real-time adsorption-desorption of Bacillus subtilis expansin (BsEXLX1) on lignins was monitored using quartz crystal microgravimetry with dissipation (QCM-D). The effects of temperature and Tween 80 on the adsorption-desorption behaviors were also investigated. The results show that BsEXLX1 exhibited high binding ability on lignin and achieved maximum adsorption of 283.2, 273.8, and 266.9 ng cm-2 at 25 °C on KL, SLS, and EHL, respectively. The maximum adsorption decreased to 148.2-192.8 ng cm-2 when the temperature increased from 25 to 45 °C. Moreover, Tween 80 competitively bound to lignin and significantly prevented expansin adsorption. After irreversible adsorption of Tween 80, the maximum adsorption of BsEXLX1 greatly decreased to 33.3, 37.2, and 10.3 ng cm-2 at 25 °C on KL, SLS, and EHL, respectively. Finally, a kinetic model was developed to analyze the adsorption-desorption process of BsEXLX1. BsEXLX1 has a higher adsorption rate constant (kA) and a lower desorption rate constant (kD) on KL than on SLS and EHL. The findings of this study provide useful insights into the adsorption-desorption of expansin on lignin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuhao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Biomass Conversion Laboratory of Tianjin University R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Khaled W A Al-Shwafy
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Renliang Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhimin He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Rongxin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Adesogan AT, Arriola KG, Jiang Y, Oyebade A, Paula EM, Pech-Cervantes AA, Romero JJ, Ferraretto LF, Vyas D. Symposium review: Technologies for improving fiber utilization. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:5726-5755. [PMID: 30928262 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The forage lignocellulosic complex is one of the greatest limitations to utilization of the nutrients and energy in fiber. Consequently, several technologies have been developed to increase forage fiber utilization by dairy cows. Physical or mechanical processing techniques reduce forage particle size and gut fill and thereby increase intake. Such techniques increase the surface area for microbial colonization and may increase fiber utilization. Genetic technologies such as brown midrib mutants (BMR) with less lignin have been among the most repeatable and practical strategies to increase fiber utilization. Newer BMR corn hybrids are better yielding than the early hybrids and recent brachytic dwarf BMR sorghum hybrids avoid lodging problems of early hybrids. Several alkalis have been effective at increasing fiber digestibility. Among these, ammoniation has the added benefit of increasing the nitrogen concentration of the forage. However, few of these have been widely adopted due to the cost and the caustic nature of the chemicals. Urea treatment is more benign but requires sufficient urease and moisture for efficacy. Ammonia-fiber expansion technology uses high temperature, moisture, and pressure to degrade lignocellulose to a greater extent than ammoniation alone, but it occurs in reactors and is therefore not currently usable on farms. Biological technologies for increasing fiber utilization such as application of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes, live yeasts, and yeast culture have had equivocal effects on forage fiber digestion in individual studies, but recent meta-analyses indicate that their overall effects are positive. Nonhydrolytic expansin-like proteins act in synergy with fibrolytic enzymes to increase fiber digestion beyond that achieved by the enzyme alone due to their ability to expand cellulose microfibrils allowing greater enzyme penetration of the cell wall matrix. White-rot fungi are perhaps the biological agents with the greatest potential for lignocellulose deconstruction, but they require aerobic conditions and several strains degrade easily digestible carbohydrates. Less ruminant nutrition research has been conducted on brown rot fungi that deconstruct lignocellulose by generating highly destructive hydroxyl radicals via the Fenton reaction. More research is needed to increase the repeatability, efficacy, cost effectiveness, and on-farm applicability of technologies for increasing fiber utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A T Adesogan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.
| | - K G Arriola
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - Y Jiang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - A Oyebade
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - E M Paula
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - A A Pech-Cervantes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - J J Romero
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Program, School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono 04469
| | - L F Ferraretto
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - D Vyas
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Santiago TR, Pereira VM, de Souza WR, Steindorff AS, Cunha BADB, Gaspar M, Fávaro LCL, Formighieri EF, Kobayashi AK, C. Molinari HB. Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression profile analysis of expansins gene family in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191081. [PMID: 29324804 PMCID: PMC5764346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Expansins refer to a family of closely related non-enzymatic proteins found in the plant cell wall that are involved in the cell wall loosening. In addition, expansins appear to be involved in different physiological and environmental responses in plants such as leaf and stem initiation and growth, stomata opening and closing, reproduction, ripening and stress tolerance. Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is one of the main crops grown worldwide. Lignocellulosic biomass from sugarcane is one of the most promising raw materials for the ethanol industry. However, the efficient use of lignocellulosic biomass requires the optimization of several steps, including the access of some enzymes to the hemicellulosic matrix. The addition of expansins in an enzymatic cocktail or their genetic manipulation could drastically improve the saccharification process of feedstock biomass by weakening the hydrogen bonds between polysaccharides present in plant cell walls. In this study, the expansin gene family in sugarcane was identified and characterized by in silico analysis. Ninety two putative expansins in sugarcane (SacEXPs) were categorized in three subfamilies after phylogenetic analysis. The expression profile of some expansin genes in leaves of sugarcane in different developmental stages was also investigated. This study intended to provide suitable expansin targets for genetic manipulation of sugarcane aiming at biomass and yield improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaís R. Santiago
- Embrapa Agroenergia. Parque Estação Biológica, Av. W3 Norte (final), Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Valquiria M. Pereira
- Embrapa Agroenergia. Parque Estação Biológica, Av. W3 Norte (final), Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Wagner R. de Souza
- Embrapa Agroenergia. Parque Estação Biológica, Av. W3 Norte (final), Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Andrei S. Steindorff
- Embrapa Agroenergia. Parque Estação Biológica, Av. W3 Norte (final), Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Bárbara A. D. B. Cunha
- Embrapa Agroenergia. Parque Estação Biológica, Av. W3 Norte (final), Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Marília Gaspar
- Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia e Bioquímica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Léia C. L. Fávaro
- Embrapa Agroenergia. Parque Estação Biológica, Av. W3 Norte (final), Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Eduardo F. Formighieri
- Embrapa Agroenergia. Parque Estação Biológica, Av. W3 Norte (final), Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Adilson K. Kobayashi
- Embrapa Agroenergia. Parque Estação Biológica, Av. W3 Norte (final), Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Hugo B. C. Molinari
- Embrapa Agroenergia. Parque Estação Biológica, Av. W3 Norte (final), Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Martinez-Anaya C. Understanding the structure and function of bacterial expansins: a prerequisite towards practical applications for the bioenergy and agricultural industries. Microb Biotechnol 2016; 9:727-736. [PMID: 27365165 PMCID: PMC5072189 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the publication of a landmark article on the structure of EXLX1 from Bacillus subtilis in 2011, our knowledge of bacterial expansins has steadily increased and our view and understanding of these enigmatic proteins has advanced with relation to their structure, phylogenetic relationships and substrate interaction, although the molecular basis for their mechanism of action remains to be determined. Lignocellulosic material represents a source of fermentable sugars for the production of biofuels, and cell‐wall degrading activities are essential to efficiently release such sugars from their polymeric structures. Because expansins from fungi and bacteria seem to be required to properly colonize or cause disease to plant tissues, and because they share some characteristics with their plant counterparts for loosening the cell wall they have been seen as a promising tool to overcome the recalcitrance of these materials. However, microbial expansins activity is at best, very low compared with plant expansins activity. This revision analyses recent work on bacterial expansins structure, function and biological role, emphasizing our need to focus on their mechanism of action as a means to design better strategies for their use, in both in the energy and agricultural industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Martinez-Anaya
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, 62210, Morelos, México.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Research advances in expansins and expansion-like proteins involved in lignocellulose degradation. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:1541-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1842-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
10
|
Georgelis N, Nikolaidis N, Cosgrove DJ. Bacterial expansins and related proteins from the world of microbes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:3807-23. [PMID: 25833181 PMCID: PMC4427351 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6534-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of microbial expansins emerged from studies of the mechanism of plant cell growth and the molecular basis of plant cell wall extensibility. Expansins are wall-loosening proteins that are universal in the plant kingdom and are also found in a small set of phylogenetically diverse bacteria, fungi, and other organisms, most of which colonize plant surfaces. They loosen plant cell walls without detectable lytic activity. Bacterial expansins have attracted considerable attention recently for their potential use in cellulosic biomass conversion for biofuel production, as a means to disaggregate cellulosic structures by nonlytic means ("amorphogenesis"). Evolutionary analysis indicates that microbial expansins originated by multiple horizontal gene transfers from plants. Crystallographic analysis of BsEXLX1, the expansin from Bacillus subtilis, shows that microbial expansins consist of two tightly packed domains: the N-terminal domain D1 has a double-ψ β-barrel fold similar to glycosyl hydrolase family-45 enzymes but lacks catalytic residues usually required for hydrolysis; the C-terminal domain D2 has a unique β-sandwich fold with three co-linear aromatic residues that bind β-1,4-glucans by hydrophobic interactions. Genetic deletion of expansin in Bacillus and Clavibacter cripples their ability to colonize plant tissues. We assess reports that expansin addition enhances cellulose breakdown by cellulase and compare expansins with distantly related proteins named swollenin, cerato-platanin, and loosenin. We end in a speculative vein about the biological roles of microbial expansins and their potential applications. Advances in this field will be aided by a deeper understanding of how these proteins modify cellulosic structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolas Nikolaidis
- Department of Biological Science, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
| | - Daniel J. Cosgrove
- Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma Y, Liu X, Yin Y, Zou C, Wang W, Zou S, Hong J, Zhang M. Expression optimization and biochemical properties of two glycosyl hydrolase family 3 beta-glucosidases. J Biotechnol 2015; 206:79-88. [PMID: 25937452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The β-glucosidases from Saccharomycopsis fibuligera (SfBGL1) and Trichoderma reesei (TrBGL1) were cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris. Methanol concentration and pH significantly affected the production. The combined effects of the two factors were optimized by using the response surface method, resulting in a 137% and 84% increase in rTrBGL1 and rSfBGL1 yield compared to single-factor experiment. Structure and biochemical properties of the two enzyme were investigated and compared. They belong to glycosyl hydrolase family 3 and exhibit significant hydrolysis activity and low-level transglycosylation activity. The two enzymes show similar substrate affinity and ion-tolerance, and both of them can be activated by Cr(6+), Mn(2+) and Fe(2+). The rSfBGL1 has greater catalytic speed, higher specific activity and acid-tolerance than rTrBGL1, but rTrBGL1 is more thermostable and has higher optimal temperature than rSfBGL1. This study provides a useful and quick optimal method for recombinant enzyme production and makes a valuable comparison of biochemical properties, which opens important avenues of exploration for relationship between structure and function and further practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ma
- R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Xuewei Liu
- R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yanchen Yin
- R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Chao Zou
- R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Wanchao Wang
- R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Shaolan Zou
- R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Jiefang Hong
- R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Minhua Zhang
- R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China; Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, R&D Center for Petrochemical Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| |
Collapse
|