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Guo X, Li Z, He N, Zhang B, Liu X, Bao J. Detection and elimination of trace d-lactic acid in lignocellulose biorefining chain: Generation, flow, and impact on chiral lactide synthesis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:670-682. [PMID: 37902776 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
High chiral purity of lactic acid is a crucial indicator for the synthesis of chiral lactide as the primary intermediate chemical for ring-open polymerization of high molecular weight polylactic acid (PLA). Lignocellulose biomass is the most promising carbohydrate feedstock for commercial production of PLA, but the presence of trace d-lactic acid in the biorefinery chain adversely affects the synthesis and quality of chiral lactide. This study analyzed the fingerprint of trace d-lactic acid in the biorefinery chain and found that the major source of d-lactic acid comes from lignocellulose feedstock. The naturally occurring lactic acid bacteria and water-soluble carbohydrates in lignocellulose feedstock provide the necessary conditions for d-lactic acid generation. Three strategies were proposed to eliminate the generation pathway of d-lactic acid, including reduction of moisture content, conversion of water-soluble carbohydrates to furan aldehydes in pretreatment, and conversion to l-lactic acid by inoculating engineered l-lactic acid bacteria. The natural reduction of lactic acid content in lignocellulose feedstock during storage was observed due to the lactate oxidase-catalyzed oxidation of l- and d-lactic acids. This study provided an important support for the production of cellulosic l-lactic acid with high chiral purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Niling He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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2
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Campos J, Almqvist H, Bao J, Wallberg O, Lidén G. Overcoming extended lag phase on optically pure lactic acid production from pretreated softwood solids. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1248441. [PMID: 37744257 PMCID: PMC10513496 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1248441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Optically pure lactic acid (LA) is needed in PLA (poly-lactic acid) production to build a crystalline structure with a higher melting point of the biopolymer than that of the racemic mixture. Lignocellulosic biomass can be used as raw material for LA production, in a non-food biorefinery concept. In the present study, genetically engineered P. acidilactici ZP26 was cultivated in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process using steam pretreated softwood solids as a carbon source to produce optically pure D-LA. Given the low concentrations of identifiable inhibitory compounds from sugar and lignin degradation, the fermentation rate was expected to follow the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis. However, added pretreated solids (7% on weight (w/w) of water-insoluble solids [WIS]) significantly and immediately affected the process performance, which resulted in a long lag phase (more than 40 h) before the onset of the exponential phase of the fermentation. This unexpected delay was also observed without the addition of enzymes in the SSF and in a model fermentation with glucose and pretreated solids without added enzymes. Experiments showed that it was possible to overcome the extended lag phase in the presence of pretreated softwood solids by allowing the microorganism to initiate its exponential phase in synthetic medium, and subsequently adding the softwood solids and enzymatic blend to proceed to an SSF with D-LA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Campos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ola Wallberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Lidén
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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3
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Jia Y, Huang C, Mao Y, Zhou S, Deng Y. Screening and Constructing a Library of Promoter-5'-UTR Complexes with Gradient Strength in Pediococcus acidilactici. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:1794-1803. [PMID: 37172276 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The GRAS (generally recognized as safe) strain Pediococcus acidilactici is well known for its antibacterial and probiotic functions. Furthermore, as P. acidilactici has excellent high temperature and salt resistance, it is an ideal host for the production of food enzymes, food additives, and pharmaceuticals. In this regard, it is desirable and feasible to enhance the production of these products through the metabolic engineering of P. acidilactici. However, the rare gene expression elements greatly obstruct the development of engineering P. acidilactici. In this study, we screened and constructed a library of promoter-5'-UTR (PUTR) complexes in P. acidilactici DY15 for regulating gene expression at the transcription and translation levels. In the post-log phase, the mRNA and protein expression level ranges of the 90 screened native PUTRs were 0.059-2010% and 0.77-245%, respectively, of the P32 promoter. Besides, several PUTRs exhibited great expression stability under high temperature, salt, and ethanol stress. We analyzed the structure of PUTRs and obtained the conserved regions of the promoter and 5'-UTR. Based on the identified core regions of PUTRs, we constructed a panel of combinatorial PUTRs with higher and stable protein expression levels. The strongest combinatorial PUTR was 853% of the P32 promoter in the protein expression level. Finally, the obtained PUTRs were applied to optimize the expression level of aminotransferase and improve the phenyllactic acid (PLA) production in P. acidilactici DY15. The achieved yield was 950.6 mg/L, which was 79.2% higher than the wild-type strain. These results indicated that the obtained PUTRs with gradient strength had great potential for precisely regulating gene expression to achieve various goals in P. acidilactici.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yize Jia
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chao Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yin Mao
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shenghu Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yu Deng
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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4
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Huang Y, Wang Y, Shang N, Li P. Microbial Fermentation Processes of Lactic Acid: Challenges, Solutions, and Future Prospects. Foods 2023; 12:2311. [PMID: 37372521 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for lactic acid and lactic acid-derived products in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries is increasing year by year. In recent decades, the synthesis of lactic acid by microbials has gained much attention from scientists due to the superior optical purity of the product, its low production costs, and its higher production efficiency compared to chemical synthesis. Microbial fermentation involves the selection of feedstock, strains, and fermentation modes. Each step can potentially affect the yield and purity of the final product. Therefore, there are still many critical challenges in lactic acid production. The costs of feedstocks and energy; the inhibition of substrates and end-product; the sensitivity to the inhibitory compounds released during pretreatment; and the lower optical purity are the main obstacles hindering the fermentation of lactic acid. This review highlights the limitations and challenges of applying microbial fermentation in lactic acid production. In addition, corresponding solutions to these difficulties are summarized in order to provide some guidance for the industrial production of lactic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nan Shang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pinglan Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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5
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Olszewska-Widdrat A, Xiros C, Wallenius A, Schneider R, Rios da Costa Pereira LP, Venus J. Bioprocess optimization for lactic and succinic acid production from a pulp and paper industry side stream. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1176043. [PMID: 37274162 PMCID: PMC10232882 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1176043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective and cheap production of platform chemicals is a crucial step towards the transition to a bio-based economy. In this work, biotechnological methods using sustainable, cheap, and readily available raw materials bring bio-economy and industrial microbiology together: Microbial production of two platform chemicals is demonstrated [lactic (LA) and succinic acid (SA)] from a non-expensive side stream of pulp and paper industry (fibre sludge) proposing a sustainable way to valorize it towards economically important monomers for bioplastics formation. This work showed a promising new route for their microbial production which can pave the way for new market expectations within the circular economy principles. Fibre sludge was enzymatically hydrolysed for 72 h to generate a glucose rich hydrolysate (100 g·L-1 glucose content) to serve as fermentation medium for Bacillus coagulans A 541, A162 strains and Actinobacillus succinogenis B1, as well as Basfia succiniciproducens B2. All microorganisms were investigated in batch fermentations, showing the ability to produce either lactic or succinic acid, respectively. The highest yield and productivities for lactic production were 0.99 g·g-1 and 3.75 g·L-1·h-1 whereas the succinic acid production stabilized at 0.77 g·g-1 and 1.16 g·L-1·h-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Olszewska-Widdrat
- Microbiome Biotechnology Department, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | - Roland Schneider
- Microbiome Biotechnology Department, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Venus
- Microbiome Biotechnology Department, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
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6
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Shan W, Yan Y, Li Y, Hu W, Chen J. Microbial tolerance engineering for boosting lactic acid production from lignocellulose. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:78. [PMID: 37170163 PMCID: PMC10173534 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02334-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive non-food feedstock for lactic acid production via microbial conversion due to its abundance and low-price, which can alleviate the conflict with food supplies. However, a variety of inhibitors derived from the biomass pretreatment processes repress microbial growth, decrease feedstock conversion efficiency and increase lactic acid production costs. Microbial tolerance engineering strategies accelerate the conversion of carbohydrates by improving microbial tolerance to toxic inhibitors using pretreated lignocellulose hydrolysate as a feedstock. This review presents the recent significant progress in microbial tolerance engineering to develop robust microbial cell factories with inhibitor tolerance and their application for cellulosic lactic acid production. Moreover, microbial tolerance engineering crosslinking other efficient breeding tools and novel approaches are also deeply discussed, aiming to providing a practical guide for economically viable production of cellulosic lactic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Shan
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Yan
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongda Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jihong Chen
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Campos J, Tejada LG, Bao J, Lidén G. Fed-batch strategies for biodetoxification in production of optically pure lactic acid from softwood hydrolysate using Pediococcus acidilactici. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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8
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Qiu Z, Han X, He J, Jiang Y, Wang G, Wang Z, Liu X, Xia J, Xu N, He A, Gu H, Xu J. One-pot d-lactic acid production using undetoxified acid-pretreated corncob slurry by an adapted Pediococcus acidilactici. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127993. [PMID: 36262001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor tolerance is still a bottleneck for lactic acid bacteria in lignocellulose biorefinery, while it is hard to obtain one engineered strain with strong tolerance to all inhibitors. Herein, a robust adapted d-lactic acid producing strain Pediococcus acidilactici XH11 was obtained by 111 days' long-term adaptive evolution in undetoxified corncob prehydrolysates. The adapted strain had higher inhibitors tolerance compared to the parental strain, primarily due to its increased conversion capacities of four typical aldehyde inhibitors (furfural, HMF, vanillin, and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde). One-pot simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation was successfully achieved using the whole slurry of acid-pretreated corncob without solid-liquid separation and detoxification, by applying the adapted P. acidilactici XH11. Finally, 61.9 g/L of d-lactic acid was generated after 96 h' fermentation (xylose conversion of 89.9 %) with the overall yield of 0.48 g/g dry corncob. This study gave an important option for screening of industrial strains in cellulosic lactic acid production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Botany of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hebei Normal University for Nationalities, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Xushen Han
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianlong He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangli Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zejia Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aiyong He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanqi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Botany of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Hebei Normal University for Nationalities, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Jiaxing Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
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9
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He N, Jia J, Qiu Z, Fang C, Lidén G, Liu X, Bao J. Cyclic L-lactide synthesis from lignocellulose biomass by biorefining with complete inhibitor removal and highly simultaneous sugars assimilation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1903-1915. [PMID: 35274740 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic chiral lactide is the monomer chemical for polymerization of high molecular weight polylactic acid (PLA). The synthesis of cyclic L-lactide starts from poly-condensation of L-lactic acid to a low molecular weight pre-polymer and then depolymerized to cyclic L-lactide. Lignocellulose biomass is the most promising carbohydrate feedstock for lactic acid production, but the synthesis of cyclic L-lactide from L-lactic acid produced from lignocellulose has so far not been successful. The major barriers are the impurities of residual sugars and inhibitors in the crude cellulosic L-lactic acid product. Here we show a successful cyclic L-lactide synthesis from cellulosic L-lactic acid by lignocellulose biorefining with complete inhibitor removal and coordinated sugars assimilation. The removal of inhibitors from lignocellulose pretreatment was accomplished by biodetoxification using a unique fungus Amorphotheca resinae ZN1. The non-glucose sugars were completely and simultaneously assimilated at the same rate with glucose by the engineered L-lactic acid bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici. The L-lactic acid production from wheat straw was comparable to that from corn starch with high optical pure (99.6%), high L-lactic acid titer (129.4 g/L), minor residual total sugars (~2.2 g/L), and inhibitors free. The cyclic L-lactide was successfully synthesized from the regularly purified L-lactic acid and verified by detailed characterizations. This study paves the technical foundation of carbon neutral production of biodegradable PLA from lignocellulose biomass. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niling He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jia Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhongyang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 West Changjiang Road, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223300, China
| | - Chun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Gunnar Lidén
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Xiucai Liu
- Cathay Biotech Inc, 1690 Cailun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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10
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Ma K, Cui Y, Zhao K, Yang Y, Wang Y, Hu G, He M. D-Lactic acid production from agricultural residues by membrane integrated continuous fermentation coupled with B vitamin supplementation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:24. [PMID: 35246204 PMCID: PMC8897852 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background d-Lactic acid played an important role in the establishment of PLA as a substitute for petrochemical plastics. But, so far, the d-lactic acid production was limited in only pilot scale, which was definitely unable to meet the fast growing market demand. To achieve industrial scale d-lactic acid production, the cost-associated problems such as high-cost feedstock, expensive nutrient sources and fermentation technology need to be resolved to establish an economical fermentation process. Results In the present study, the combined effect of B vitamin supplementation and membrane integrated continuous fermentation on d-lactic acid production from agricultural lignocellulosic biomass by Lactobacillus delbrueckii was investigated. The results indicated the specific addition of vitamins B1, B2, B3 and B5 (VB1, VB2, VB3 and VB5) could reduce the yeast extract (YE) addition from 10 to 3 g/l without obvious influence on fermentation efficiency. By employing cell recycling system in 350 h continuous fermentation with B vitamin supplementation, YE addition was further reduced to 0.5 g/l, which resulted in nutrient source cost reduction of 86%. A maximum d-lactate productivity of 18.56 g/l/h and optical purity of 99.5% were achieved and higher than most recent reports. Conclusion These findings suggested the novel fermentation strategy proposed could effectively reduce the production cost and improve fermentation efficiency, thus exhibiting great potential in promoting industrial scale d-lactic acid production from lignocellulosic biomass. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02124-y. High d-lactic acid productivity is achieved by L. delbrueckii from rice straw. B vitamins are satisfied substitute of yeast extract for d-lactic acid fermentation. A process of membrane-integrated continuous fermentation with B vitamin is developed. High fermentation efficiency is achieved by the novel fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, People's Republic of China.,College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubo Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, People's Republic of China. .,College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, People's Republic of China.,College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, People's Republic of China.,College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoquan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxiong He
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture, Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Increasing Acid Tolerance of an Engineered Lactic Acid Bacterium Pediococcus acidilactici for L-Lactic Acid Production. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8030096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acid tolerance of the lactic acid bacterium (LAB) is crucially important for the production of free lactic acid as a chemical monomer by simplified purification steps. This study conducts both metabolic modification and adaptive evolution approaches on increasing the acid tolerance of an engineered Pediococcus acidilactici strain. The overexpression of the genes encoding lactate dehydrogenase, recombinase, chaperone, glutathione and ATPase did not show the observable changes in acid tolerance. On the other hand, the low pH adaptive evolution showed clear improvement. The L-lactic acid generation and cell viability of the adaptively evolved P. acidilactici were doubled at low pH up to 4.0 when wheat straw was used as carbohydrate feedstock. However, the further decrease in pH value close to the pKa (3.86) of lactic acid led to a dramatic reduction in L-lactic acid generation. This result shows a partially successful approach on improving the acid tolerance of the lactic acid bacterium P. acidilactici.
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12
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Esquivel-Hernández DA, García-Pérez JS, López-Pacheco IY, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldívar R. Resource recovery of lignocellulosic biomass waste into lactic acid - Trends to sustain cleaner production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 301:113925. [PMID: 34731961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomass waste generation concerns regulatory authorities to develop novel methods to sustain biotransformation processes. Particularly, lactic acid (LA) is a bulk commodity chemical used in diverse industries and holds a growing global market demand. Recently, lignocellulosic waste biomass is preferred for LA bio-production because of its non-edible and inexpensive nature. However, the information about new pretreatment methods for lignocellulosic feedstock, and novel strains capable to produce LA through fermentation is limited. Therefore, this review highlights the advancement of pretreatments methods of lignocellulosic biomass and biotransformation. Herein, we first briefly explored the main sources of lignocellulosic waste biomass, then we explored their latest advances in pretreatment processes particularly supercritical fluid extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction. Approaches for bioconversion were also analyzed, such as consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), separate hydrolysis fermentation (SHF), among other alternatives. Also, new trends and approaches were documented, such as metagenomics to find novel strains of microorganisms and the use of recombinant strategies for the creation of new strains. Finally, we developed a holistic and sustainable perspective based on novel microbial ecology tools such as next-gen sequencing, bioinformatics, and metagenomics. All these shed light on the needs to culture powerful microbial isolates, co-cultures, and mixed consortia to improve fermentation processes with the aim of optimizing cultures and feedstock pretreatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Esquivel-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico; Departamento de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - J Saúl García-Pérez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | - Itzel Y López-Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, 64849, Mexico.
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Sun Y, Li X, Wu L, Li Y, Li F, Xiu Z, Tong Y. The advanced performance of microbial consortium for simultaneous utilization of glucose and xylose to produce lactic acid directly from dilute sulfuric acid pretreated corn stover. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:233. [PMID: 34876182 PMCID: PMC8650463 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignocellulosic feedstocks have attracted much attention as a potential carbon source for lactic acid (LA) production because of their ready availability, sustainability, and renewability. However, there are at least two major technical challenges to producing LA from lignocellulose. Inhibitors derived from lignocellulose pretreatment have a negative impact on the growth of cells producing LA. Furthermore, pentose sugars produced from the pretreatment are difficultly utilized by most LA producers, which is known as the carbon catabolite repression (CCR) effect. This complex feedstock can be utilized by a robust microbial consortium with high bioconversion efficiency. RESULTS In this study, a thermophilic consortium DUT50 producing LA was enriched and employed to improve corn stover (CS) utilization. Enterococcus was the dominant family in the consortium DUT50, accounting for 93.66% of the total abundance, with Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Lactococcus, and Trichococcus accounted for the remaining 2.68%. This consortium could be resistant to inhibitors concentration up to 9.74 g/L (2.88 g/L acetic acid, 2.46 g/L furfural, 2.20 g/L 5-HMF, and 2.20 g/L vanillin derived from pretreatment of CS), and simultaneously metabolizes hexose and pentose without CCR effect. Based on the promising consortium features, an efficient process of simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) was developed to produce LA from acid pretreated corn stover, in which solid-liquid separation and detoxification were avoided. The key influencing factors were investigated and optimized, including dry biomass and cellulase loading, corn steep liquor powder concentration, and the pre-hydrolysis time. The highest LA titer of 71.04 g/L with a yield of 0.49 g/g-CS was achieved at a dry biomass loading of 20% (w/v), which is the highest LA production from non-detoxified acid pretreated corn stover via the SSCF process without wastewater generation reported to date. The simultaneous metabolism of hexose and pentose revealed collaboration between Enterococcus in the consortium, whereas xylose may be efficiently metabolized by Lactobacillus and Bacillus with low abundance via the pentose phosphate pathway. CONCLUSIONS The experimental results demonstrated the potential advantage of symbiosis in microbial consortia used for LA production from lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Sun
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoying Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Lida Wu
- COFCO Biochemistry Co., Ltd. (National Engineering Research Center of Corn Deep Processing), Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- COFCO Biochemistry Co., Ltd. (National Engineering Research Center of Corn Deep Processing), Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- COFCO Biochemistry Co., Ltd. (National Engineering Research Center of Corn Deep Processing), Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilong Xiu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Tong
- COFCO Biochemistry Co., Ltd. (National Engineering Research Center of Corn Deep Processing), Changchun City, Jilin Province, 130033, People's Republic of China.
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Han Q, Guo H, Zhang J, Huang Z, Urynowicz MA, Ali MI. Methane Generation from Anthracite by Fungi and Methanogen Mixed Flora Enriched from Produced Water Associated with the Qinshui Basin in China. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:31935-31944. [PMID: 34870016 PMCID: PMC8638023 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biogenic coalbed methane (CBM) is generally believed to be formed by anaerobic bacteria and methanogens, while a few studies took fungi into account. Here, the microflora consisting of fungi and methanogens was enriched from the produced water associated with the Qinshui Basin using anthracite as the only carbon source. The maximum methane yield of 231 μmol/g coal was obtained after 22 days of cultivation under the optimum temperature of 35 °C, pH of 8, salinity of 0-2%, particle size of 0.075-0.150 mm, and the solid-liquid ratio of 1:30. It could remain active even after exposure to air for 24 h. Miseq results showed that the archaea were mainly composed of Methanocella, a hydrogenotrophic methanogen, followed by acetoclastic methanogen Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina, which could use various methanogenic substrates. The fungal communities mainly included Amorphotheca, Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Penicilium, which are all able to degrade complex organics such as aromatics and lignin. After cultivation, the crystal structure of anthracite became looser, as shown by XRD results, which might be due to the swelling effect caused by the destruction of the aromatic ring structure of coal under the function of fungi. The stretching vibration intensity of each functional group in coal decreased with cultivation, as revealed by FTIR. The GC-MS results showed that the concentration of alkanes and alcohols decreased significantly, which are the products of ring-opening of aromatics by fungi. These results suggested that fungi and methanogens in the coalbed also can syntrophically degrade coal effectively, especially for aromatics in coal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Han
- College
of Safety and Emergency Management and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Hongguang Guo
- College
of Safety and Emergency Management and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
- Key
Lab of In-Situ Property-Improving Mining of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- College
of Safety and Emergency Management and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zaixing Huang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Department
of Civil & Architectural Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Michael Allan Urynowicz
- Department
of Civil & Architectural Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Muhammad Ishtiaq Ali
- Environmental
Microbiology Lab, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
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15
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High-efficiency genome editing based on endogenous CRISPR-Cas system enhances cell growth and lactic acid production in Pediococcus acidilactici. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0094821. [PMID: 34347520 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00948-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediococcus acidilactici is commonly used for pediocin production and lactic acid fermentation. However, high-efficiency genome editing tool is unavailable for this species. In this study, we constructed the endogenous subtype II-A CRISPR-Cas system-based genome interference plasmids which carried a "Repeat-Spacer-Repeat" cassette in the pMG36e shuttle vector. These plasmids exhibited self-interference activities in P. acidilactici LA412. Then, the genome-editing plasmids were constructed by cloning the upstream/downstream donor DNA into the corresponding interference plasmids to exert high-efficiency markerless gene deletion, gene integration, and point mutation in P. acidilactici LA412. We found that endogenous CRISPR-mediated depletion of the native plasmids enhanced the cell growth, and integration of a L-lactate dehydrogenase gene into the chromosome both enhanced cell growth and lactic acid production. IMPORTANCE A rapid and precise genome editing tool will promote the practical application of Pediococcus acidilactici, one type of lactic acid bacteria with excellent stress tolerance and probiotic characteristics. This study established a high-efficiency endogenous CRISPR-Cas system-based genome editing tool for P. acidilactici and achieved different genetic manipulations, including gene deletion, gene insertion, mononucleotide mutation, and endogenous plasmid depletion. The engineered strain edited by this tool showed significant advantages in cell growth and lactic acid fermentation. Therefore, our tool can satisfy the requirements for genetic manipulations of P. acidilactici, thus making it a sophisticated chassis species for synthetic biology and bioindustry.
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Campos J, Bao J, Lidén G. Optically pure lactic acid production from softwood-derived mannose by Pediococcus acidilactici. J Biotechnol 2021; 335:1-8. [PMID: 34090945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Softwood is of interest as a renewable carbon source for production of lactic acid. Softwood hydrolysate contains a high content of mannose. Lactic acid production from mannose by two modified strains, L-lactic acid producing Pediococcus acidilactici TY112 and D-lactic acid producing ZP26, was investigated in the current work. The two strains efficiently converted mannose to L- and D-lactate isomers with an optical purity exceeding 99 %, although the mannose utilization rates were lower than the glucose utilization rates. The mannose conversion to L- and D-lactic acids by P. acidilactici was also confirmed in dilute spruce hemicellulose hydrolysate. The present study provides important knowledge on utilization of the spectrum of fermentable sugars in softwood for future production of chiral lactic acid from lignocellulose feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Campos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Gunnar Lidén
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
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Vishnu Prasad J, Sahoo TK, Naveen S, Jayaraman G. Evolutionary engineering of Lactobacillus bulgaricus reduces enzyme usage and enhances conversion of lignocellulosics to D-lactic acid by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:171. [PMID: 33088341 PMCID: PMC7566127 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of pre-treated lignocellulosics to biofuels and other platform chemicals has long been a promising alternative to separate hydrolysis and fermentation processes. However, the disparity between the optimum conditions (temperature, pH) for fermentation and enzyme hydrolysis leads to execution of the SSF process at sub-optimal conditions, which can affect the rate of hydrolysis and cellulose conversion. The fermentation conditions could be synchronized with hydrolysis optima by carrying out the SSF at a higher temperature, but this would require a thermo-tolerant organism. Economically viable production of platform chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) has long been stymied because of the significantly higher cost of hydrolytic enzymes. The major objective of this work is to develop an SSF strategy for D-lactic acid (D-LA) production by a thermo-tolerant organism, in which the enzyme loading could significantly be reduced without compromising on the overall conversion. RESULTS A thermo-tolerant strain of Lactobacillus bulgaricus was developed by adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) which enabled the SSF to be performed at 45 °C with reduced enzyme usage. Despite the reduction of enzyme loading from 15 Filter Paper Unit/gLCB (FPU/gLCB) to 5 FPU/gLCB, we could still achieve ~ 8% higher cellulose to D-LA conversion in batch SSF, in comparison to the conversion by separate enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation processes at 45 °C and pH 5.5. Extending the batch SSF to SSF with pulse-feeding of 5% pre-treated biomass and 5 FPU/gLCB, at 12-h intervals (36th-96th h), resulted in a titer of 108 g/L D-LA and 60% conversion of cellulose to D-LA. This is one among the highest reported D-LA titers achieved from LCB. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that the SSF strategy, in conjunction with evolutionary engineering, could drastically reduce enzyme requirement and be the way forward for economical production of platform chemicals from lignocellulosics. We have shown that fed-batch SSF processes, designed with multiple pulse-feedings of the pre-treated biomass and enzyme, can be an effective way of enhancing the product concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Vishnu Prasad
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036 India
| | - Tridweep K. Sahoo
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036 India
| | - S. Naveen
- Present Address: Indian Institute of Technology, BHU, Varanasi, India
| | - Guhan Jayaraman
- Bioprocess and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036 India
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Abedi E, Hashemi SMB. Lactic acid production - producing microorganisms and substrates sources-state of art. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04974. [PMID: 33088933 PMCID: PMC7566098 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid is an organic compound produced via fermentation by different microorganisms that are able to use different carbohydrate sources. Lactic acid bacteria are the main bacteria used to produce lactic acid and among these, Lactobacillus spp. have been showing interesting fermentation capacities. The use of Bacillus spp. revealed good possibilities to reduce the fermentative costs. Interestingly, lactic acid high productivity was achieved by Corynebacterium glutamicum and E. coli, mainly after engineering genetic modification. Fungi, like Rhizopus spp. can metabolize different renewable carbon resources, with advantageously amylolytic properties to produce lactic acid. Additionally, yeasts can tolerate environmental restrictions (for example acidic conditions), being the wild-type low lactic acid producers that have been improved by genetic manipulation. Microalgae and cyanobacteria, as photosynthetic microorganisms can be an alternative lactic acid producer without carbohydrate feed costs. For lactic acid production, it is necessary to have substrates in the fermentation medium. Different carbohydrate sources can be used, from plant waste as molasses, starchy, lignocellulosic materials as agricultural and forestry residues. Dairy waste also can be used by the addition of supplementary components with a nitrogen source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Abedi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran
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19
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Zhang Z, Li Y, Zhang J, Peng N, Liang Y, Zhao S. High-Titer Lactic Acid Production by Pediococcus acidilactici PA204 from Corn Stover through Fed-Batch Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101491. [PMID: 32998448 PMCID: PMC7600695 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulose comprised of cellulose and hemicellulose is one of the most abundant renewable feedstocks. Lactic acid bacteria have the ability to ferment sugar derived from lignocellulose. In this study, Pediococcus acidilactici PA204 is a lactic acid bacterium with a high tolerance of temperature and high-efficiency utilization of xylose. We developed a fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process at 37 °C (pH 6.0) using the 30 FPU (filter paper units)/g cellulase and 20 g/L corn steep powder in a 5 L bioreactor to produce lactic acid (LA). The titer, yield, and productivity of LA produced from 12% (w/w) NaOH-pretreated and washed stover were 92.01 g/L, 0.77 g/g stover, and 1.28 g/L/h, respectively, and those from 15% NaOH-pretreated and washed stover were 104.11 g/L, 0.69 g/g stover, and 1.24 g/L/h, respectively. This study develops a feasible fed-batch SSF process for LA production from corn stover and provides a promising candidate strain for high-titer and -yield lignocellulose-derived LA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (N.P.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (N.P.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (N.P.); (Y.L.)
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Nan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (N.P.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yunxiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (N.P.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shumiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.Z.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (N.P.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-8728-1267; Fax: +86-27-8728-0670
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Qiu Z, Fang C, He N, Bao J. An oxidoreductase gene ZMO1116 enhances the p-benzoquinone biodegradation and chiral lactic acid fermentability of Pediococcus acidilactici. J Biotechnol 2020; 323:231-237. [PMID: 32866539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
p-Benzoquinone (BQ) is a lignin-derived inhibitor to microbial strains. Unlike the furan inhibitors, p-benzoquinone is recalcitrant to traditional detoxification methods. This study shows a biological degradation of p-benzoquinone and a simultaneous D-lactic acid fermentation by an engineered Pediococcus acidilactici strain. The overexpression of an oxidoreductase gene ZMO1116 from Zymomonas mobilis encoding oxidoreductase was identified to improve the D-lactic acid fermentability of P. acidilactici against p-benzoquinone. The gene ZMO1116 was integrated into the genome of P. acidilactici and enabled the engineered P. acidilactici to convert p-benzoquinone into less toxic hydroquinone (HQ), resulting in the improved p-benzoquinone tolerance. Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) was conducted using the pretreated and biodetoxified corn stover containing p-benzoquinone, the D-lactic acid production of the engineered strain (123.8 g/L) was 21.4 % higher than the parental strain (102.0 g/L). This study provides a practical method on robust p-benzoquinone tolerance and efficient cellulosic chiral lactic acid fermentation from lignocellulose feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 West Changjiang Road, Huaian, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Chun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Niling He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Žunar B, Trontel A, Svetec Miklenić M, Prah JL, Štafa A, Marđetko N, Novak M, Šantek B, Svetec IK. Metabolically engineered Lactobacillus gasseri JCM 1131 as a novel producer of optically pure L- and D-lactate. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:111. [PMID: 32656603 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02887-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
High-quality environmentally-friendly bioplastics can be produced by mixing poly-L-lactate with poly-D-lactate. On an industrial scale, this process simultaneously consumes large amounts of both optically pure lactate stereoisomers. However, because optimal growth conditions of L-lactate producers often differ from those of D-lactate producers, each stereoisomer is produced in a specialised facility, which raises cost and lowers sustainability. To address this challenge, we metabolically engineered Lactobacillus gasseri JCM 1131T, a bioprocess-friendly and genetically malleable strain of homofermentative lactic acid bacterium, to efficiently produce either pure L- or pure D-lactate under the same bioprocess conditions. Transformation of L. gasseri with plasmids carrying additional genes for L- or D-lactate dehydrogenases failed to affect the ratio of produced stereoisomers, but inactivation of the endogenous genes created strains which yielded 0.96 g of either L- or D-lactate per gram of glucose. In this study, the plasmid pHBintE, routinely used for gene disruption in Bacillus megaterium, was used for the first time to inactivate genes in lactobacilli. Strains with inactivated genes for endogenous lactate dehydrogenases efficiently fermented sugars released by enzymatic hydrolysis of alkali pre-treated wheat straw, an abundant lignocellulose-containing raw material, producing 0.37-0.42 g of lactate per gram of solid part of alkali-treated wheat straw. Thus, the constructed strains are primed to serve as producers of both optically pure L-lactate and D-lactate in the next-generation biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Žunar
- Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonija Trontel
- Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology and Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Svetec Miklenić
- Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Juliana Lana Prah
- Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology and Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anamarija Štafa
- Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nenad Marđetko
- Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology and Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Novak
- Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology and Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Božidar Šantek
- Laboratory for Biochemical Engineering, Industrial Microbiology and Malting and Brewing Technology, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krešimir Svetec
- Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics, Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Ajala EO, Olonade YO, Ajala MA, Akinpelu GS. Lactic Acid Production from Lignocellulose – A Review of Major Challenges and Selected Solutions. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.201900018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Olawale Ajala
- University of IlorinDepartment of Chemical Engineering P.M.B. 1515 Ilorin Nigeria
- University of IlorinUnilorin Sugar Research Institute Ilorin Nigeria
| | | | - Mary Adejoke Ajala
- University of IlorinDepartment of Chemical Engineering P.M.B. 1515 Ilorin Nigeria
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Plavec TV, Berlec A. Safety Aspects of Genetically Modified Lactic Acid Bacteria. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E297. [PMID: 32098042 PMCID: PMC7074969 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have a long history of use in the food industry. Some species are part of the normal human microbiota and have beneficial properties for human health. Their long-standing use and considerable biotechnological potential have led to the development of various systems for their engineering. Together with novel approaches such as CRISPR-Cas, the established systems for engineering now allow significant improvements to LAB strains. Nevertheless, genetically modified LAB (GM-LAB) still encounter disapproval and are under extensive regulatory requirements. This review presents data on the prospects for LAB to obtain 'generally recognized as safe' (GRAS) status. Genetic modification of LAB is discussed, together with problems that can arise from their engineering, including their dissemination into the environment and the spread of antibiotic resistance markers. Possible solutions that would allow the use of GM-LAB are described, such as biocontainment, alternative selection markers, and use of homologous DNA. The use of GM-LAB as cell factories in closed systems that prevent their environmental release is the least problematic aspect, and this is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Vida Plavec
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Berlec
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Abstract
Industrial biotechnology is a continuously expanding field focused on the application of microorganisms to produce chemicals using renewable sources as substrates. Currently, an increasing interest in new versatile processes, able to utilize a variety of substrates to obtain diverse products, can be observed. A robust microbial strain is critical in the creation of such processes. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are used to produce a wide variety of chemicals with high commercial interest. Lactic acid (LA) is the most predominant industrial product obtained from LAB fermentations, and its production is forecasted to rise as the result of the increasing demand of polylactic acid. Hence, the creation of new ways to revalorize LA production processes is of high interest and could further enhance its economic value. Therefore, this review explores some co-products of LA fermentations, derived from LAB, with special focus on bacteriocins, lipoteichoic acid, and probiotics. Finally, a multi-product process involving LA and the other compounds of interest is proposed.
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Qiu Z, Fang C, Gao Q, Bao J. A short-chain dehydrogenase plays a key role in cellulosic D-lactic acid fermentability of Pediococcus acidilactici. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122473. [PMID: 31812596 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic aldehydes from lignocellulose pretreatment are strong inhibitors of cell growth and metabolism of cellulosic lactic acid bacteria. Their low solubility and recalcitrance highly reduce the removal efficiency of various detoxification methods. This study shows a simultaneous conversion of phenolic aldehydes and fermentation of D-lactic acid by Pediococcus acidilactici using corn stover feedstock. Vanillin was found to be the strongest phenolic aldehyde inhibitor to P. acidilactici. The overexpression of a short-chain dehydrogenase encoded by the gene CGS9114_RS09725 from Corynebacterium glutamicum was identified to play a key role in D-lactic acid fermentability of P. acidilactici. The engineered P. acidilactici with the genome integration of CGS9114_RS09725 showed the accelerated vanillin reduction and improved cellulosic D-lactic acid production. This study reveals that vanillin conversion is crucial for D-lactic acid fermentation, and the direct expression of a specific vanillin reduction gene in lactic acid bacterium efficiently improves cellulosic D-lactic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, 111 West Changjiang Road, Huaian 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiuqiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Mechanism of Tolerance to the Lignin-Derived Inhibitor p-Benzoquinone and Metabolic Modification of Biorefinery Fermentation Strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.01443-19. [PMID: 31492664 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01443-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
p-Benzoquinone (BQ) is a lignin-derived inhibitor of biorefinery fermentation strains produced during pretreatment of lignocellulose. Unlike the well-studied inhibitors furan aldehydes, weak acids, and phenolics, the inhibitory properties of BQ, the microbial tolerance mechanism, and the detoxification strategy for this inhibitor have not been clearly elucidated. Here, BQ was identified as a by-product generated during acid pretreatment of various lignocellulose feedstocks, including corn stover, wheat straw, rice straw, tobacco stem, sunflower stem, and corncob residue. BQ at 20 to 200 mg/liter severely inhibited the cell growth and fermentability of various bacteria and yeast strains used in biorefinery fermentations. The BQ tolerance of the strains was found to be closely related to their capacity to convert BQ to nontoxic hydroquinone (HQ). To identify the key genes responsible for BQ tolerance, transcription levels of 20 genes potentially involved in the degradation of BQ in Zymomonas mobilis were investigated using real-time quantitative PCR in BQ-treated cells. One oxidoreductase gene, one hydroxylase gene, three reductase genes, and three dehydrogenase genes were found to be responsible for the conversion of BQ to HQ. Overexpression of the five key genes in Z. mobilis (ZMO1696, ZMO1949, ZMO1576, ZMO1984, and ZMO1399) accelerated its cell growth and cellulosic ethanol production in BQ-containing medium and lignocellulose hydrolysates.IMPORTANCE This study advances our understanding of BQ inhibition behavior and the mechanism of microbial tolerance to this inhibitor and identifies the key genes responsible for BQ detoxification. The insights here into BQ toxicity and tolerance provide the basis for future synthetic biology to engineer industrial fermentation strains with enhanced BQ tolerance.
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Zhou P, Yao R, Zhang H, Bao J. Unique glucose oxidation catalysis of
Gluconobacter oxydans
constitutes an efficient cellulosic gluconic acid fermentation free of inhibitory compounds disturbance. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2191-2199. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Zhou
- School of BioengineeringState Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai China
| | - Ruimiao Yao
- School of BioengineeringState Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai China
| | - Hongsen Zhang
- School of BioengineeringState Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural MicrobiologyMinistry of AgricultureCollege of Life ScienceHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou China
| | - Jie Bao
- School of BioengineeringState Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai China
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28
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Zhou P, Khushk I, Gao Q, Bao J. Tolerance and transcriptional analysis of Corynebacterium glutamicum on biotransformation of toxic furaldehyde and benzaldehyde inhibitory compounds. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:951-963. [PMID: 30972584 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02171-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Furaldehydes and benzaldehydes are among the most toxic inhibitors from lignocellulose pretreatment on microbial growth and metabolism. The bioconversion of aldehyde inhibitors into less toxic alcohols or acids (biotransformation) is the prerequisite condition for efficient biorefinery fermentations. This study found that Corynebacterium glutamicum S9114 demonstrated excellent tolerance and biotransformation capacity to five typical aldehyde inhibitors including two furaldehydes: 2-furaldehyde (furfural), 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde, and three benzaldehydes: 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (vanillin), and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (syringaldehyde). Transcription levels of 93 genes hypothesized to be responsible for five aldehydes biotransformation were examined by qRT-PCR. Multiple genes showed significantly up-regulated expression against furaldehydes or benzaldehydes. Overexpression of CGS9114_RS01115 in C. glutamicum resulted in the increased conversion of all five aldehyde inhibitors. The significant oxidoreductase genes responsible for each or multiple inhibitors biotransformation identified in this study will serve as a component of key gene device library for robust biorefinery fermentation strains development in the future biorefinery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Imrana Khushk
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qiuqiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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29
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Tsuge Y, Kato N, Yamamoto S, Suda M, Inui M. Enhanced production of d-lactate from mixed sugars in Corynebacterium glutamicum by overexpression of glycolytic genes encoding phosphofructokinase and triosephosphate isomerase. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 127:288-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Alexandri M, Schneider R, Mehlmann K, Venus J. Recent Advances in d-Lactic Acid Production from Renewable Resources: Case Studies on Agro-Industrial Waste Streams. Food Technol Biotechnol 2019; 57:293-304. [PMID: 31866743 PMCID: PMC6902291 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.57.03.19.6023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of biodegradable polymers as alternatives to petroleum-based plastics has gained significant attention in the past years. To this end, polylactic acid (PLA) constitutes a promising alternative, finding various applications from food packaging to pharmaceuticals. Recent studies have shown that d-lactic acid plays a vital role in the production of heat-resistant PLA. At the same time, the utilization of renewable resources is imperative in order to decrease the production cost. This review aims to provide a synopsis of the current state of the art regarding d-lactic acid production via fermentation, focusing on the exploitation of waste and byproduct streams. An overview of potential downstream separation schemes is also given. Additionally, three case studies are presented and discussed, reporting the obtained results utilizing acid whey, coffee mucilage and hydrolysate from rice husks as alternative feedstocks for d-lactic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alexandri
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Department of Bioengineering, Max-Eyth Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Roland Schneider
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Department of Bioengineering, Max-Eyth Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kerstin Mehlmann
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Department of Bioengineering, Max-Eyth Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joachim Venus
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Department of Bioengineering, Max-Eyth Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
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Kumar V, Binod P, Sindhu R, Gnansounou E, Ahluwalia V. Bioconversion of pentose sugars to value added chemicals and fuels: Recent trends, challenges and possibilities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 269:443-451. [PMID: 30217725 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Most of the crop plants contain about 30% of hemicelluloses comprising D-xylose and D-arabinose. One of the major limitation for the use of pentose sugars is that high purity grade D-xylose and D-arabinose are yet to be produced as commodity chemicals. Research and developmental activities are going on in this direction for their use as platform intermediates through economically viable strategies. During chemical pretreatment of biomass, the pentose sugars were generated in the liquid stream along with other compounds. This contains glucose, proteins, phenolic compounds, minerals and acids other than pentose sugars. Arabinose is present in small amounts, which can be used for the economic production of value added compound, xylitol. The present review discusses the recent trends and developments as well as challenges and opportunities in the utilization of pentose sugars generated from lignocellulosic biomass for the production of value added compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Sector 81, Mohali 160071, Punjab, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
| | - Edgard Gnansounou
- Bioenergy and Energy Planning Research Group, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vivek Ahluwalia
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing, Sector 81, Mohali 160071, Punjab, India.
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Exploring cellular fatty acid composition and intracellular metabolites of osmotic-tolerant mutant Lactobacillus paracasei NCBIO-M2 for highly efficient lactic acid production with high initial glucose concentration. J Biotechnol 2018; 286:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Biodetoxification of Phenolic Inhibitors from Lignocellulose Pretreatment using Kurthia huakuii LAM0618 T and Subsequent Lactic Acid Fermentation. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102626. [PMID: 30322101 PMCID: PMC6222552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic inhibitors generated during alkaline pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomasses significantly hinder bacterial growth and subsequent biofuel and biochemical production. Water rinsing is an efficient method for removing these compounds. Nevertheless, this method often generates a great amount of wastewater, and leads to the loss of solid fiber particles and fermentable sugars. Kurthia huakuii LAM0618T, a recently identified microorganism, was herein shown to be able to efficiently transform phenolic compounds (syringaldehyde, hydroxybenzaldehyde, and vanillin) into less toxic acids. Taking advantage of these properties, a biodetoxification method was established by inoculating K. huakuii LAM0618T into the NH3/H2O2-pretreated unwashed corn stover to degrade phenolic inhibitors and weak acids generated during the pretreatment. Subsequently, 33.47 and 17.91 g/L lactic acid was produced by Bacillus coagulans LA204 at 50 °C through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) from 8% (w/w) of NH3/H2O2-pretreated corn stover with or without K. huakuii LAM0618T-biodetoxification, indicating biodetoxification significantly increased lactic acid titer and yield. Importantly, using 15% (w/w) of the NH3/H2O2-pretreated K. huakuii LAM0618T-biodetoxified corn stover as a substrate through fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, high titer and high yield of lactic acid (84.49 g/L and 0.56 g/g corn stover, respectively, with a productivity of 0.88 g/L/h) were produced by Bacillus coagulans LA204. Therefore, this study reported the first study on biodetoxification of alkaline-pretreated lignocellulosic material, and this biodetoxification method could replace water rinsing for removal of phenolic inhibitors and applied in biofuel and biochemical production using the alkaline-pretreated lignocellulosic bioresources.
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Han X, Hong F, Liu G, Bao J. An Approach of Utilizing Water-Soluble Carbohydrates in Lignocellulose Feedstock for Promotion of Cellulosic l-Lactic Acid Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:10225-10232. [PMID: 30207160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural lignocellulose biomass generally contains certain amounts of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) such as glucose, fructose, or sucrose. These sugars are generally degraded in pretreatment at high temperature or discharged with wastewater in a detoxification process. This study proposed an approach of utilizing frequently ignored water-soluble carbohydrates for promotion of cellulosic l-lactic acid production. A simple solid state fermentation was performed during a corn stover storage period to convert the sugars into l-lactic acid and then a dry biorefining technology was applied to convert cellulose and hemicellulose fractions into the same l-lactic acid product. The 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) formation in pretreatment was significantly reduced and the consequent biodetoxification time was shortened. l-Lactic acid production was increased from 130.2 g/L to 139.0 g/L, and the minimum l-lactic acid selling price was reduced by 5.9%. This study provided an important option of biorefinery processing technology for production of value added biochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xushen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Feng Hong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , 130 Meilong Road , Shanghai 200237 , China
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35
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Hatti-Kaul R, Chen L, Dishisha T, Enshasy HE. Lactic acid bacteria: from starter cultures to producers of chemicals. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:5087731. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Hatti-Kaul
- Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lu Chen
- Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tarek Dishisha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62511 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hesham El Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81 310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
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36
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Mladenović D, Pejin J, Kocić-Tanackov S, Djukić-Vuković A, Mojović L. Enhanced Lactic Acid Production by Adaptive Evolution of Lactobacillus paracasei on Agro-industrial Substrate. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:753-769. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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37
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Jin H, Wang Y, Idoine A, Bhaya D. Construction of a Shuttle Vector Using an Endogenous Plasmid From the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1662. [PMID: 30087668 PMCID: PMC6066503 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To advance synthetic biology in the photosynthetic cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (Syn6803), we constructed a shuttle vector with some versatile features. This shuttle vector, pSCB-YFP, consists of a putative replicon identified on the plasmid pCC5.2, the origin of replication of pMB1 from E. coli, as well as the YFP reporter gene and a spectinomycin/streptomycin resistance cassette. pSCB-YFP is stably maintained in Syn6803M (a motile strain that lacks the endogenous pCC5.2) and expresses YFP. In addition, we engineered a fragment into pSCB-YFP that has multiple cloning sites and other features such that this plasmid can also be used as an expression vector (pSCBe). The shuttle vector pSCB-YFP can be stably maintained for at least 50 generations without antibiotic selection. It is a high copy number plasmid and can stably co-exist with the RSF1010-based pPMQAK1-GFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Jin
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Adam Idoine
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Devaki Bhaya
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, United States
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38
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Gao X, Gao Q, Bao J. Tolerance response and metabolism of acetic acid by biodetoxification fungus Amorphotheca resinae ZN1. J Biotechnol 2018; 275:31-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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39
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Eş I, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Barba FJ, Saraiva JA, Sant'Ana AS, Hashemi SMB. Recent advancements in lactic acid production - a review. Food Res Int 2018; 107:763-770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Qiu Z, Gao Q, Bao J. Engineering Pediococcus acidilactici with xylose assimilation pathway for high titer cellulosic l-lactic acid fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 249:9-15. [PMID: 29035728 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Xylose-assimilating pathways were constructed in the parental Pediococcus acidilactici strain and evolutionarily adapted to yield a highly stable co-fermentation strain for l-lactic acid production. The phosphoketolase pathway (PK) was blocked for reduction of acetic acid generation by disrupting phosphoketolase (pkt) gene. The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) was reconstructed for xylose assimilation by integrating four heterologous genes encoding transketolase (tkt), transaldolase (tal), xylose isomerase (xylA) and xylulokinase (xylB) into the P. acidilactici chromosome. The xylose-assimilating ability of the constructed strain was significantly improved by long term adaptive evolution. The engineered strain was applied to the simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) under high solids loading of wheat straw. The l-lactic acid titer, productivity and xylose conversion reached the record high at 130.8±1.6g/L, 1.82±0.0g/L/h, and 94.9±0.0%, respectively. This study provided an important strain and process prototype for production of high titer cellulosic l-lactic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiuqiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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41
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Cheng Q, Shi X, Liu Y, Liu X, Dou S, Ning C, Liu ZQ, Sun S, Chen X, Ren X. Production of nisin and lactic acid from corn stover through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1420425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qiyue Cheng
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuyang Shi
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xintong Liu
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sen Dou
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resource in the Commodity Grain Bases of Jilin Province, College of Resource and Environmental Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Zi qi Liu
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shiyu Sun
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodong Ren
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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42
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Qiu Z, Gao Q, Bao J. Constructing xylose-assimilating pathways in Pediococcus acidilactici for high titer d-lactic acid fermentation from corn stover feedstock. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:1369-1376. [PMID: 28601396 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Xylose-assimilating pathway was constructed in a d-lactic acid producing Pediococcus acidilactici strain and evolutionary adapted to yield a co-fermentation strain P. acidilactici ZY15 with 97.3g/L of d-lactic acid and xylose conversion of 92.6% obtained in the high solids content simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) of dry dilute acid pretreated and biodetoxified corn stover feedstock. The heterologous genes encoding xylose isomerase (xylA) and xylulokinase (xylB) were screened and integrated into the P. acidilactici chromosome. The metabolic flux to acetic acid in phosphoketolase pathway was re-directed to pentose phosphate pathway by substituting the endogenous phosphoketolase gene (pkt) with the heterologous transketolase (tkt) and transaldolase (tal) genes. The xylose-assimilating ability of the newly constructed P. acidilactici strain was significantly improved by adaptive evolution. This study provided an important strain and process prototype for high titer d-lactic acid production from lignocellulose feedstock with efficient xylose assimilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiuqiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Bosma EF, Forster J, Nielsen AT. Lactobacilli and pediococci as versatile cell factories - Evaluation of strain properties and genetic tools. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:419-442. [PMID: 28396124 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses opportunities and bottlenecks for cell factory development of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), with an emphasis on lactobacilli and pediococci, their metabolism and genetic tools. In order to enable economically feasible bio-based production of chemicals and fuels in a biorefinery, the choice of product, substrate and production organism is important. Currently, the most frequently used production hosts include Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but promising examples are available of alternative hosts such as LAB. Particularly lactobacilli and pediococci can offer benefits such as thermotolerance, an extended substrate range and increased tolerance to stresses such as low pH or high alcohol concentrations. This review will evaluate the properties and metabolism of these organisms, and provide an overview of their current biotechnological applications and metabolic engineering. We substantiate the review by including experimental results from screening various lactobacilli and pediococci for transformability, growth temperature range and ability to grow under biotechnologically relevant stress conditions. Since availability of efficient genetic engineering tools is a crucial prerequisite for industrial strain development, genetic tool development is extensively discussed. A range of genetic tools exist for Lactococcus lactis, but for other species of LAB like lactobacilli and pediococci such tools are less well developed. Whereas lactobacilli and pediococci have a long history of use in food and beverage fermentation, their use as platform organisms for production purposes is rather new. By harnessing their properties such as thermotolerance and stress resistance, and by using emerging high-throughput genetic tools, these organisms are very promising as versatile cell factories for biorefinery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elleke F Bosma
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet B220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jochen Forster
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet B220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alex Toftgaard Nielsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet B220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Li J, Sun J, Wu B, He B. Combined utilization of nutrients and sugar derived from wheat bran for d-Lactate fermentation by Sporolactobacillus inulinus YBS1-5. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 229:33-38. [PMID: 28092734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.12.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To decrease d-Lactate production cost, wheat bran, a low-cost waste of milling industry, was selected as the sole feedstock. First, the nutrients were recovered from wheat bran by acid protease hydrolysis. Then, cellulosic hydrolysates were prepared from protease-treated samples after acid pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification. The combined use of nutrients and hydrolysates as nitrogen and carbon sources for fermentation by S. inulinus YB1-5 resulted in d-Lactate levels of 99.5g/L, with an average production efficiency of 1.94g/L/h and a yield of 0.89g/g glucose. Moreover, fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process at 40°C, 20% (w/v) solid loading and 20FPU/g solid cellulase concentration was obtained. d-Lactate concentrations, yield, productivity, and optical purity were 87.3g/L, 0.65g/g glucose, 0.81g/L/h and 99.1%, respectively. This study provided a feasible procedure that can help produce cellulosic d-Lactate using agricultural waste without external nutrient supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junfei Sun
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bingfang He
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
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45
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Comparison of high-titer lactic acid fermentation from NaOH- and NH 3-H 2O 2-pretreated corncob by Bacillus coagulans using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37245. [PMID: 27853308 PMCID: PMC5112544 DOI: 10.1038/srep37245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulose is one of the most abundant renewable feedstocks that has attracted considerable attention as a substrate for biofuel and biochemical production. One such biochemical product, lactic acid, is an important fermentation product because of its great potential for the production of biodegradable and biocompatible polylactic acid. High-titer lactic acid production from lignocellulosic materials has been achieved recently; however, it requires biodetoxification or results in large amounts of waste washing water. In this study, we employed two alkaline pretreatment methods and compared their effects on lactic acid fermentation of pretreated corncob by Bacillus coagulans LA204 using fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation under non-sterile conditions. The lactic acid titer, yield, and productivity from 16% (w/w) NaOH-pretreated and washed corncob were 122.99 g/L, 0.77 g/g corncob, and 1.37 g/L/h, respectively, and from 16% NH3-H2O2-pretreated and washed corncob were 118.60 g/L, 0.74 g/g corncob, and 1.32 g/L/h, respectively. Importantly, the lactic acid titer, yield, and productivity from 18.4% NH3-H2O2-pretreated and unwashed corncob by using fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation reached 79.47 g/L, 0.43 g/g corncob, and 1.10 g/L/h, respectively, demonstrating that this method is possible for industrial applications and saves washing water.
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Abdel-Rahman MA, Sonomoto K. Opportunities to overcome the current limitations and challenges for efficient microbial production of optically pure lactic acid. J Biotechnol 2016; 236:176-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Biotechnological production of enantiomerically pure d-lactic acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:9423-9437. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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