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Lin SP, Sung TH, Angkawijaya AE, Go AW, Hsieh CW, Hsu HY, Santoso SP, Cheng KC. Enhanced exopolysaccharide production of Cordyceps militaris via mycelial cell immobilization on plastic composite support in repeated-batch fermentation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126267. [PMID: 37567526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Repeated-batch fermentation with fungal mycelia immobilized in plastic composite support (PCS) eliminates the lag phase during fermentation and improves metabolite productivity. The strategy is implemented herein, and a novel modified PCS is developed to enhance exopolysaccharide (EPS) production from the medicinal fungus Cordyceps militaris. A modified PCS (SYE + PCS) was made by compositing polypropylene (PP) with a nutrient mixture containing soybean hull, peptone, yeast extract, and minerals (SYE+). The use of SYE + PCS has consistent cell productivity throughout the multiple fermentation cycles, which resulted in a more higher cell productivity after second batch compared to unmodified PCS. The cell grown on SYE + PCS also generates a higher yield of EPS (3.36, 6.93, and 5.72 g/L in the first, second, and third fermentation cycles, respectively) up to three-fold higher than the cell immobilized on unmodified PCS. It is also worth noting that the EPS from mycelium grown on SYE + PCS contains up to 2.3-fold higher cordycepin than those on unmodified PCS. The presence of nutrients in SYE + PCS also affects the hydrophobicity and surface roughness of the PC, improving mycelial cell adhesion. This study also provides a preliminary antioxidant activity assessment of EPS from immobilized C. militaris grown with SYE + PCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ping Lin
- School of Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, #250, Wuxing Street, Xinyi Dist., Taipei 11042, Taiwan; Research Center of Biomedical Device, Taipei Medical University, #250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, #250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, Taipei Medical University, #250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Taiwan Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, #1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Sung
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, #1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan; School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, #250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | | | - Alchris Woo Go
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, #43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, South Dist., Taichung City 40227, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, North Dist., Taichung City 404333, Taiwan; Taiwan Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, #1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- School of Energy and Environment, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Shella Permatasari Santoso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia; Collaborative Research Center for Zero Waste and Sustainability, Jl. Kalijudan 37, Surabaya 60114, East Java, Indonesia.
| | - Kuan-Chen Cheng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, #1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, #1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Optometry, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
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Felipe MTDC, Barbosa RDN, Bezerra JDP, Souza-Motta CMD. Production of kojic acid by Aspergillus species: Trends and applications. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2023.100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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Chib S, Jamwal VL, Kumar V, Gandhi SG, Saran S. Fungal production of kojic acid and its industrial applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2111-2130. [PMID: 36912905 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Kojic acid has gained its importance after it was known worldwide that the substance functions primarily as skin-lightening agent. Kojic acid plays a vital role in skin care products, as it enhances the ability to prevent exposure to UV radiation. It inhibits the tyrosinase formation which suppresses hyperpigmentation in human skin. Besides cosmetics, kojic acid is also greatly used in food, agriculture, and pharmaceuticals industries. Conversely, according to Global Industry Analysts, the Middle East, Asia, and in Africa especially, the demand of whitening cream is very high, and probably the market will reach to $31.2 billion by 2024 from $17.9 billion of 2017. The important kojic acid-producing strains were mainly belongs to the genus Aspergillus and Penicillium. Due to its commercial potential, it continues to attract the attention for its green synthesis, and the studies are still widely conducted to improve kojic acid production. Thus, the present review is focused on the current production processes, gene regulation, and limitation of its commercial production, probable reasons, and possible solutions. For the first time, detailed information on the metabolic pathway and the genes involved in kojic acid production, along with illustrations of genes, are highlighted in the present review. Demand and market applications of kojic acid and its regulatory approvals for its safer use are also discussed. KEY POINTS: • Kojic acid is an organic acid that is primarily produced by Aspergillus species. • It is mainly used in the field of health care and cosmetic industries. • Kojic acid and its derivatives seem to be safe molecules for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifali Chib
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vijay Lakshmi Jamwal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Infectious Disease Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sumit G Gandhi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Infectious Disease Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Saurabh Saran
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Carvalho FM, Azevedo A, Ferreira MM, Mergulhão FJM, Gomes LC. Advances on Bacterial and Fungal Biofilms for the Production of Added-Value Compounds. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081126. [PMID: 36009752 PMCID: PMC9405441 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The production of bio-based materials, including organic acids, antibiotics, enzymes, ethanol, and hydrogen, is generally done by the cultivation of suspended cells rather than using immobilized cells. However, several studies suggest the application of productive biofilms as a reliable alternative for biocatalysis, with many advantages over suspended-growth systems. This review gives an overview of the breakthrough in the application of biofilm platforms for the sustainable production of valuable compounds, with particular insight into the latest advances in the production of recombinant proteins. Productive biofilms are shown to improve production rates and product yields, demonstrating great potential for industrial applications. Abstract In recent years, abundant research has been performed on biofilms for the production of compounds with biotechnological and industrial relevance. The use of biofilm platforms has been seen as a compelling approach to producing fine and bulk chemicals such as organic acids, alcohols, and solvents. However, the production of recombinant proteins using this system is still scarce. Biofilm reactors are known to have higher biomass density, operational stability, and potential for long-term operation than suspended cell reactors. In addition, there is an increasing demand to harness industrial and agricultural wastes and biorefinery residues to improve process sustainability and reduce production costs. The synthesis of recombinant proteins and other high-value compounds is mainly achieved using suspended cultures of bacteria, yeasts, and fungi. This review discusses the use of biofilm reactors for the production of recombinant proteins and other added-value compounds using bacteria and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio M. Carvalho
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.C.); (A.A.); (M.M.F.); (F.J.M.M.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Azevedo
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.C.); (A.A.); (M.M.F.); (F.J.M.M.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta M. Ferreira
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.C.); (A.A.); (M.M.F.); (F.J.M.M.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe J. M. Mergulhão
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.C.); (A.A.); (M.M.F.); (F.J.M.M.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciana C. Gomes
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (F.M.C.); (A.A.); (M.M.F.); (F.J.M.M.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Lu J, Hu X, Ren L. Biofilm control strategies in food industry: Inhibition and utilization. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Bader NB, Germec M, Turhan I. Ethanol production from different medium compositions of rice husk hydrolysate by using Scheffersomyces stipitis in a repeated-batch biofilm reactor and its modeling. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Biofilm reactors for value-added products production: An in-depth review. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Mahmoud GAE, Ibrahim ABM, Mayer P. Zn(II) and Cd(II) thiosemicarbazones for stimulation/inhibition of kojic acid biosynthesis from Aspergillus flavus and the fungal defense behavior against the metal complexes' excesses. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:797-809. [PMID: 32661783 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The complexes {[ZnL1Cl] C1, [ZnL2Cl].0.5H2O C2, [CdL1Cl] C3, and [CdL2Cl] C4} were prepared from tridentate thiosemicarbazones {HL1 = 4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1-((pyridin-2-yl)methylene) thiosemicarbazide and HL2 = 4-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-((pyridin-2-yl)methylene)thiosemicarbazide} and identified by elemental CHNS, spectroscopic {IR and UV-Vis.}, thermal and DMF solution electrical conductivity data. On another hand, kojic acid (KA) which represents important secondary metabolite with numerous hot spot applications was successfully biosynthesized from Aspergillus flavus and structurally analyzed by single crystal analysis. The Zn(II) complexes C1&C2 (0.3 mM) enhanced the KA biosynthesis by 70.87% and 42.26%, while 76.09% of C1 and 72.78% of C2 were absorbed by the fungal cells. The Cd(II) complexes C3&C4 at 0.3 mM inhibited KA production by 87.95% and 97.03% with Cd(II) consumption reaching to 40.09% & 37.3%, while 0.4 mM of C3&C4 resulted in 100% inhibition of kojic acid biosynthesis. Light microscopic analysis showed the fungal structural abnormalities and the cell antioxidant behavior was detected. These complexes could be highly applicable as new stimulators and inhibitors of kojic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed B M Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, Haus, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Shakibaie M, Ameri A, Ghazanfarian R, Adeli-Sardou M, Amirpour-Rostami S, Torkzadeh-Mahani M, Imani M, Forootanfar H. Statistical optimization of kojic acid production by a UV-induced mutant strain of Aspergillus terreus. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49:865-871. [PMID: 29728342 PMCID: PMC6175716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of four Aspergillus strains for biosynthesis of kojic acid was evaluated among which Aspergillus terreus represented the highest level (2.21 g/L) of kojic acid production. Improvement kojic acid production ability of A. terreus by random mutagenesis using different exposure time to ultraviolet light (5–40 min) was then performed to obtain a suitable mutant of kojic acid production (designated as C5-10, 7.63 g/L). Thereafter, design of experiment protocol was employed to find medium components (glucose, yeast extract, KH2PO4 (NH4)2SO4, and pH) influences on kojic acid production by the C5-10 mutant. A 25−1 fractional factorial design augmented to central composite design showed that glucose, yeast extract, and KH2PO4 were the most considerable factors within the tested levels (p < 0.05). The optimum medium composition for the kojic acid production by the C5-10 mutant was found to be glucose, 98.4 g/L; yeast extract, 1.0 g/L; and KH2PO4, 10.3 mM which was theoretically able to produce 120.2 g/L of kojic acid based on the obtained response surface model for medium optimization. Using these medium compositions an experimental maximum Kojic acid production (109.0 ± 10 g/L) was acquired which verified the efficiency of the applied method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Shakibaie
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Atefeh Ameri
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Roya Ghazanfarian
- The Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Adeli-Sardou
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sahar Amirpour-Rostami
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Torkzadeh-Mahani
- Department of Biotechnology, Research institute for Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduated University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Imani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hamid Forootanfar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Karahalil E, Demirel F, Evcan E, Germeç M, Tari C, Turhan I. Microparticle-enhanced polygalacturonase production by wild type Aspergillus sojae. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:361. [PMID: 28979834 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-1004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygalacturonases (PGs), an important industrial enzyme group classified under depolymerases, catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of the polygalacturonic acid chain through the introduction of water across the oxygen bridge. In order to produce and increase the concentration of this enzyme group in fermentation processes, a new approach called microparticle cultivation, a promising and remarkable method, has been used. The aim of this study was to increase the PG activity of Aspergillus sojae using aluminum oxide (Al2O3) as microparticles in shake flask fermentation medium. Results indicated that the highest PG activity of 34.55 ± 0.5 U/ml was achieved with the addition of 20 g/L of Al2O3 while the lowest activity of 15.20 ± 0.2 U/mL was obtained in the presence of 0.1 g/L of Al2O3. In fermentation without microparticles as control, the activity was 15.64 ± 3.3 U/mL. Results showed that the maximum PG activity was 2.2-fold higher than control. Additionally, smaller pellets formed with the addition of Al2O3 where the lowest pellet diameter was 955.1 µm when 10 g/L of the microparticle was used. Also, it was noticed that biomass concentration gradually increased with increasing microparticle concentration in the fermentation media. Consequently, the PG activity was significantly increased in microparticle-enhanced shake flask fermentation. In fact, these promising preliminary data can be of significance to improve the enzyme activity in large-scale bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Karahalil
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, 07058 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fadime Demirel
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, 07058 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Evcan
- Department of Food Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gulbahce Campus, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Germeç
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, 07058 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Canan Tari
- Department of Food Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gulbahce Campus, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Irfan Turhan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, 07058 Antalya, Turkey
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Germec M, Yatmaz E, Karahalil E, Turhan İ. Effect of different fermentation strategies on β-mannanase production in fed-batch bioreactor system. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:77. [PMID: 28455720 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannanases, one of the important enzyme group for industry, are produced by numerous filamentous fungi, especially Aspergillus species with different fermentation methods. The aim of this study was to show the best fermentation method of β-mannanase production for fungal growth in fermenter. Therefore, different fermentation strategies in fed-batch fermentation (suspended, immobilized cell, biofilm and microparticle-enhanced bioreactor) were applied for β-mannanase production from glucose medium (GM) and carob extract medium (CEM) by using recombinant Aspergillus sojae. The highest β-mannanase activities were obtained from microparticle-enhanced bioreactor strategy. It was found to be 347.47 U/mL by adding 10 g/L of Al2O3 to GM and 439.13 U/mL by adding 1 g/L of talcum into CEM. The maximum β-mannanase activities for suspended, immobilization, and biofilm reactor remained at 72.55 U/mL in GM, 148.81 U/mL in CEM, and 194.09 U/mL in GM, respectively. The reason for that is the excessive, and irregular shaped growth and bulk formation, inadequate oxygen transfer or substrate diffusion in bioreactor. Consequently, the enzyme activity was significantly enhanced by addition of microparticles compared to other fed-batch fermentation strategies. Also, repeatable β-mannanase activities were obtained by controlling of the cell morphology by adding microparticle inside the fermenter.
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Liu CT, Erh MH, Lin SP, Lo KY, Chen KI, Cheng KC. Enrichment of two isoflavone aglycones in black soymilk by Rhizopus oligosporus NTU 5 in a plastic composite support bioreactor. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:3779-3786. [PMID: 26676892 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A plastic composite support (PCS) bioreactor was implemented to evaluate the effects on isoflavone deglycosylation in black soymilk fermented by Rhizopus oligosporus NTU 5. RESULTS Evaluation for the optimal PCS for mycelia immobilisation was conducted, which led to the significant results that the most mycelium weight (0.237 g per PCS, P < 0.05) is held by an S-type PCS; therefore, it was selected for black soymilk fermentation. It was found that the PCS fermentation system without pH control exhibits better efficiency of isoflavone bioconversion (daidzin to daidzein, and genistin to genistein) than the one with pH control at pH 6.5. As for the long-run fermentation, those without pH control indeed accelerate the isoflavone bioconversion by continuously releasing β-glucosidase into soymilk. Deglycosylation can be completed in 8 to 24 h and sustained for at least 34 days as 26 batches. The non-pH-control fermentation system also exhibits the highest total phenolic content (ranged from 0.147 to 0.340 mg GAE mL(-1) sample) when compared to the pH-controlled and suspended ones. Meanwhile, the black soymilk from the 22nd batch with 8 h fermentation demonstrated the highest DPPH radical scavenging effect (54.7%). CONCLUSION A repeated-batch PCS fermentation system was established to accelerate the deglycosylation rate of isoflavone in black soymilk. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Te Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hui Erh
- Graduate Institute of Food Science & Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Pin Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yin Lo
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-I Chen
- Graduate Institute of Food Science & Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chen Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Food Science & Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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