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Drzewiecka B, Wessely-Szponder J, Świeca M, Espinal P, Fusté E, Fernández-De La Cruz E. Bioactive Peptides and Other Immunomodulators of Mushroom Origin. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1483. [PMID: 39062056 PMCID: PMC11274834 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
For centuries, humans have used mushrooms as both food and pro-health supplements. Mushrooms, especially those related to the functions of the human immune system, are rich in dietary fiber, minerals, essential amino acids, and various bioactive compounds and have significant health-promoting properties. Immunoregulatory compounds in mushrooms include lectins, terpenes, terpenoids, polysaccharides, and fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs). The distribution of these compounds varies from one species of mushroom to another, and their immunomodulatory activities depend on the core structures and chemical modifications in the composition of the fractions. In this review, we describe active compounds from medical mushrooms. We summarize potential mechanisms for their in vitro and in vivo activities and detail approaches used in developing and applying bioactive compounds from mushrooms. Finally, we discuss applications of fungal peptides and highlight areas that require improvement before the widespread use of those compounds as therapeutic agents and explore the status of clinical studies on the immunomodulatory activities of mushrooms and their products, as well as the prospect of clinical application of AMPs as 'drug-like' compounds with great potential for treatment of non-healing chronic wounds and multiresistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Drzewiecka
- Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Wessely-Szponder
- Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Świeca
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Str. 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Paula Espinal
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (P.E.); (E.F.); (E.F.-D.L.C.)
| | - Ester Fusté
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (P.E.); (E.F.); (E.F.-D.L.C.)
- Department Public Health, Mental Health and Perinatal Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Fernández-De La Cruz
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain; (P.E.); (E.F.); (E.F.-D.L.C.)
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Yu S, Wang Y, Wu Y, Bao D, Bing W, Li Y, Chen H. Characterization, Recombinant Production, and Bioactivity of a Novel Immunomodulatory Protein from Hypsizygus marmoreus. Molecules 2023; 28:4796. [PMID: 37375351 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP), identified as FIP-hma, was discovered in the genome of an edible mushroom Hypsizygus marmoreus. Bioinformatics analysis suggested FIP-hma contained the cerato-platanin (CP) conserved domain and was categorized into Cerato-type FIP. In phylogenetic analysis, FIP-hma was clustered into a new branch of the FIP family, displaying large system divergence from most of the other FIPs. The higher gene expression of FIP-hma was observed during the vegetative growth stages than that during the reproductive growth stages. In addition, the cDNA sequence of FIP-hma was cloned and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21(DE3). The recombinant protein of FIP-hma (rFIP-hma) was neatly purified and isolated by Ni-NTA and SUMO-Protease. The iNOS, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels of RAW 264.7 macrophages were upregulated by rFIP-hma, indicating its activation of an immune response by regulating central cytokines. No cytotoxic effects were observed in an MTT test. The findings of this work discovered a novel immunoregulatory protein from H. marmoreus, provided a systematic bioinformatic profile, suggested an effective approach for its heterologous recombinant production, and reported its potent immunoregulatory activity in macrophages. This study sheds light on the physiological function research of FIPs and their further industrial utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Yu
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Institution of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Institution of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Institution of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Dapeng Bao
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Institution of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Wei Bing
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Institution of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Institution of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
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Xu J, Xu D, Hu Q, Ma N, Pei F, Su A, Ma G. Immune regulatory functions of biologically active proteins from edible fungi. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1034545. [PMID: 36713368 PMCID: PMC9878603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1034545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins from edible mushrooms have a variety of biological activities. Here, thirteen precious edible mushrooms such as Ophiocordyceps sinensis, Ganoderma lucidum, and Morchella esculenta and nine common edible mushrooms such as Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Pleurotus eryngii, etc., from which their proteins were extracted, their composition analyzed and their immunomodulatory activity assessed. Rare mushrooms are a species of edible mushrooms with higher edible value and medicinal value than common edible mushrooms. The results showed that all the different edible mushroom crude proteins increased the proliferation and phagocytosis of mouse macrophages, and we found that these edible mushroom proteins affected the secretion of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide by mouse macrophages. Further studies on cytokines secreted by mouse macrophages showed a significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that edible mushroom proteins promote the polarisation of macrophages into classical M1-type macrophages, further demonstrating that edible mushroom proteins enhance immunity. It was also found that the immunomodulatory activity of the precious edible mushroom proteins was significantly higher than that of the common edible mushroom proteins. These results have important implications for the processing and product development of edible mushroom proteins.
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Liu Y, Bastiaan-Net S, Zhang Y, Hoppenbrouwers T, Xie Y, Wang Y, Wei X, Du G, Zhang H, Imam KMSU, Wichers H, Li Z. Linking the thermostability of FIP-nha (Nectria haematococca) to its structural properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:555-564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Narrative Review: Bioactive Potential of Various Mushrooms as the Treasure of Versatile Therapeutic Natural Product. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090728. [PMID: 34575766 PMCID: PMC8466349 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms have remained an eternal part of traditional cuisines due to their beneficial health potential and have long been recognized as a folk medicine for their broad spectrum of nutraceuticals, as well as therapeutic and prophylactic uses. Nowadays, they have been extensively investigated to explain the chemical nature and mechanisms of action of their biomedicine and nutraceuticals capacity. Mushrooms belong to the astounding dominion of Fungi and are known as a macrofungus. Significant health benefits of mushrooms, including antiviral, antibacterial, anti-parasitic, antifungal, wound healing, anticancer, immunomodulating, antioxidant, radical scavenging, detoxification, hepatoprotective cardiovascular, anti-hypercholesterolemia, and anti-diabetic effects, etc., have been reported around the globe and have attracted significant interests of its further exploration in commercial sectors. They can function as functional foods, help in the treatment and therapeutic interventions of sub-optimal health states, and prevent some consequences of life-threatening diseases. Mushrooms mainly contained low and high molecular weight polysaccharides, fatty acids, lectins, and glucans responsible for their therapeutic action. Due to the large varieties of mushrooms present, it becomes challenging to identify chemical components present in them and their beneficial action. This article highlights such therapeutic activities with their active ingredients for mushrooms.
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Wu G, Sun Y, Deng T, Song L, Li P, Zeng H, Tang X. Identification and Functional Characterization of a Novel Immunomodulatory Protein From Morchella conica SH. Front Immunol 2020; 11:559770. [PMID: 33193329 PMCID: PMC7649207 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.559770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel fungal immunomodulatory protein (FIP) was found in the precious medical and edible mushroom Morchella conica SH, defined as FIP-mco, which belongs to the FIP family. Phylogenetic analyses of FIPs from different origins were performed using Neighbor-Joining method. It was found that FIP-mco belonged to a new branch of the FIP family and may evolved from a different ancestor compared with most other FIPs. The cDNA sequence of FIP-mco was cloned and expressed in the yeast Pichia Pastoris X33. The recombinant protein of FIP-mco (rFIP-mco) was purified by agarose Ni chromatography and determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis. The protein rFIP-mco could significantly suppress the proliferation of A549 and HepG2 cells at the concentration of 15 and 5 μg/ml, respectively, and inhibited the migration and invasion of human A549 and HepG2 cells at the concentration of 15 and 30 μg/ml respectively in vitro. Further, rFIP-mco can significantly reduce the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the THP1 cells (human myeloid leukemia mononuclear cells). In order to explore the potential mechanism of the cytotoxicity effect of rFIP-mco on A549 and HepG2 cells, cell cycle and apoptosis assay in the two cancer cells were conducted. The results demonstrated that G0/G1 to S-phase arrest and increased apoptosis may contribute to the proliferation inhibition by rFIP-mco in the two cancer cells. Molecular mechanism of rFIP-mco's reduction effect on the inflammatory cytokines was also studied by suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway. It showed that suppression of NF-κB signaling is responsible for the reduction of inflammatory cytokines by rFIP-mco. The results indicated the prospect of FIP-mco from M. conica SH as an effective and feasible source for cancer therapeutic studies and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guogan Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingshan Deng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Song
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijuan Zeng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueming Tang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Zhao S, Gao Q, Rong C, Wang S, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Xu J. Immunomodulatory Effects of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Bioactive Immunoregulatory Products. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E269. [PMID: 33171663 PMCID: PMC7712035 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms have been valued as food and health supplements by humans for centuries. They are rich in dietary fiber, essential amino acids, minerals, and many bioactive compounds, especially those related to human immune system functions. Mushrooms contain diverse immunoregulatory compounds such as terpenes and terpenoids, lectins, fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) and polysaccharides. The distributions of these compounds differ among mushroom species and their potent immune modulation activities vary depending on their core structures and fraction composition chemical modifications. Here we review the current status of clinical studies on immunomodulatory activities of mushrooms and mushroom products. The potential mechanisms for their activities both in vitro and in vivo were summarized. We describe the approaches that have been used in the development and application of bioactive compounds extracted from mushrooms. These developments have led to the commercialization of a large number of mushroom products. Finally, we discuss the problems in pharmacological applications of mushrooms and mushroom products and highlight a few areas that should be improved before immunomodulatory compounds from mushrooms can be widely used as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qi Gao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chengbo Rong
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shouxian Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhekun Zhao
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (S.Z.); (Q.G.); (C.R.); (S.W.); (Z.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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Ejike UC, Chan CJ, Okechukwu PN, Lim RLH. New advances and potentials of fungal immunomodulatory proteins for therapeutic purposes. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:1172-1190. [PMID: 32854547 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1808581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) are fascinating small and heat-stable bioactive proteins in a distinct protein family due to similarities in their structures and sequences. They are found in fungi, including the fruiting bodies producing fungi comprised of culinary and medicinal mushrooms. Structurally, most FIPs exist as homodimers; each subunit consisting of an N-terminal α-helix dimerization and a C-terminal fibronectin III domain. Increasing numbers of identified FIPs from either different or same fungal species clearly indicates the growing research interests into its medicinal properties which include immunomodulatory, anti-inflammation, anti-allergy, and anticancer. Most FIPs increased IFN-γ production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, potentially exerting immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting overproduction of T helper-2 (Th2) cytokines common in an allergy reaction. Recently, FIP from Ganoderma microsporum (FIP-gmi) was shown to promote neurite outgrowth for potential therapeutic applications in neuro-disorders. This review discussed FIPs' structural and protein characteristics, their recombinant protein production for functional studies, and the recent advances in their development and applications as pharmaceutics and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chong Joo Chan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Renee Lay Hong Lim
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Li CH, Ko JL, Ou CC, Lin WL, Yen CC, Hsu CT, Hsiao YP. The Protective Role of GMI, an Immunomodulatory Protein From Ganoderma microsporum, on 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Oral and Intestinal Mucositis. Integr Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1534735419833795. [PMID: 30879354 PMCID: PMC6423674 DOI: 10.1177/1534735419833795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is used in the treatment of head and neck cancer patients.
However, adverse effects experienced such as mucositis and poor appetite may
lead to interruption in chemotherapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the
efficacy of GMI, one fungal immunomodulatory protein found in Ganoderma
microsporum, for mucositis induced by 5-FU in a mouse model. Mice
were administered 5-FU intraperitoneally for 4 days per cycle for a total of 2
chemotherapy cycles. In addition, mice were pretreated with GMI or
phosphate-buffered saline 3 days before 5-FU intraperitoneal injection and daily
until day 14. On histological analysis, GMI prevented 5-FU-induced damage to the
intestinal mucosa and tongue epithelium. We also demonstrated that GMI enhanced
the cytotoxicity of 5-FU in 2 oral cancer cell lines, while GMI could not
promote this effect in an oral normal cell. In conclusion, GMI alleviates
5-FU-induced damage and decelerates cell death in normal alimentary tract
tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hsing Li
- 1 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- 1 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,2 Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chyn Ou
- 1 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,2 Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wea-Lung Lin
- 1 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,2 Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Yen
- 1 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ting Hsu
- 1 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Hsiao
- 1 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,2 Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Glucose-Mediated Repression of Plant Biomass Utilization in the White-Rot Fungus Dichomitus squalens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.01828-19. [PMID: 31585998 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01828-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent of carbon catabolite repression (CCR) at a global level is unknown in wood-rotting fungi, which are critical to the carbon cycle and are a source of biotechnological enzymes. CCR occurs in the presence of sufficient concentrations of easily metabolizable carbon sources (e.g., glucose) and involves downregulation of the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in the breakdown of complex carbon sources. We investigated this phenomenon in the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens using transcriptomics and exoproteomics. In D. squalens cultures, approximately 7% of genes were repressed in the presence of glucose compared to Avicel or xylan alone. The glucose-repressed genes included the essential components for utilization of plant biomass-carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) and carbon catabolic genes. The majority of polysaccharide-degrading CAZyme genes were repressed and included activities toward all major carbohydrate polymers present in plant cell walls, while repression of ligninolytic genes also occurred. The transcriptome-level repression of the CAZyme genes observed on the Avicel cultures was strongly supported by exoproteomics. Protease-encoding genes were generally not glucose repressed, indicating their likely dominant role in scavenging for nitrogen rather than carbon. The extent of CCR is surprising, given that D. squalens rarely experiences high free sugar concentrations in its woody environment, and it indicates that biotechnological use of D. squalens for modification of plant biomass would benefit from derepressed or constitutively CAZyme-expressing strains.IMPORTANCE White-rot fungi are critical to the carbon cycle because they can mineralize all wood components using enzymes that also have biotechnological potential. The occurrence of carbon catabolite repression (CCR) in white-rot fungi is poorly understood. Previously, CCR in wood-rotting fungi has only been demonstrated for a small number of genes. We demonstrated widespread glucose-mediated CCR of plant biomass utilization in the white-rot fungus Dichomitus squalens This indicates that the CCR mechanism has been largely retained even though wood-rotting fungi rarely experience commonly considered CCR conditions in their woody environment. The general lack of repression of genes encoding proteases along with the reduction in secreted CAZymes during CCR suggested that the retention of CCR may be connected with the need to conserve nitrogen use during growth on nitrogen-scarce wood. The widespread repression indicates that derepressed strains could be beneficial for enzyme production.
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Shao KD, Mao PW, Li QZ, Li LDJ, Wang YL, Zhou XW. Characterization of a novel fungal immunomodulatory protein, FIP-SJ75 shuffled from Ganoderma lucidum, Flammulina velutipes and Volvariella volvacea. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1686467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Di Shao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei-Wen Mao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi-Zhang Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liu-Ding-Ji Li
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan-Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Wang JJ, Wang Y, Hou L, Xin F, Fan B, Lu C, Zhang L, Wang F, Li S. Immunomodulatory Protein from Nectria haematococca Induces Apoptosis in Lung Cancer Cells via the P53 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215348. [PMID: 31661772 PMCID: PMC6862031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous research has shown that a fungal immunomodulatory protein from Nectria haematococca (FIP-nha) possesses a wide spectrum of anti-tumor activities, and FIP-nha induced A549 apoptosis by negatively regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway based on comparative quantitative proteomics. This study further confirmed that the anti-lung cancer activity of FIP-nha was significantly stronger than that of the reported LZ-8 and FIP-fve. Subsequently, 1H NMR-based metabolomics was applied to comprehensively investigate the underlying mechanism, and a clear separation of FIP-nha-treated and untreated groups was achieved using pattern recognition analysis. Four potential pathways associated with the anti-tumor effect of FIP-nha on A549 cells were identified, and these were mainly involved in glycolysis, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, and glycerolipid metabolism. Metabolic pathway analysis demonstrated that FIP-nha could induce A549 cell apoptosis partly by regulating the p53 inhibition pathway, which then disrupted the Warburg effect, as well as through other metabolic pathways. Using RT-PCR analysis, FIP-nha-induced apoptosis was confirmed to occur through upregulation of p53 expression. This work highlights the possible use of FIP-nha as a therapeutic adjuvant for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lizhen Hou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fengjiao Xin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Cong Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lijing Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shuying Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
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13
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Identification of a Novel Anti-cancer Protein, FIP-bbo, from Botryobasidium botryosum and Protein Structure Analysis using Molecular Dynamic Simulation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5818. [PMID: 30967569 PMCID: PMC6456589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42104-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal immunoregulatory proteins (FIP) are effective small molecule proteins with broad-spectrum immunomodulatory and anti-cancer activities and can be potential agents for the development of clinical drugs and health food additives. In this study, a new member of FIP named FIP-bbo was obtained through Botryobasidium botryosum genome mining. FIP-bbo has the typical characteristics of FIP but is genetically distant from other FIPs. Recombinant FIP-bbo (rFIP-bbo) was produced in an optimized E. coli expression system, and the pure protein was isolated using a Ni-NTA column. Antineoplastic experiments suggested that FIP-bbo is similar to LZ-8 in inhibiting various cancer cells (Hela, Spac-1, and A549) at lower concentrations, but it is not as potent as LZ-8. The molecular mechanism by which FIP-bbo, FIP-fve, and LZ-8 are cytotoxic to cancer cells has been discussed based on molecular dynamics simulation. Point mutations that may improve the thermal stability of FIP-fve and FIP-bbo were predicted. These results not only present a new candidate protein for the development of anticancer adjuvants, but also provide an approach for designing FIPs with high anticancer activity.
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Qu ZW, Zhou SY, Guan SX, Gao R, Duan ZW, Zhang X, Sun WY, Fan WL, Chen SS, Chen LJ, Lin JW, Ruan YY. Recombinant Expression and Bioactivity Comparison of Four Typical Fungal Immunomodulatory Proteins from Three Main Ganoderma Species. BMC Biotechnol 2018; 18:80. [PMID: 30547780 PMCID: PMC6295072 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-018-0488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background More than a dozen of fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) have been identified to date, most of which are from Ganoderma species. However, little is known about the similarities and differences between different Ganoderma FIPs’ bioactivities. In the current study, two FIP genes termed FIP-gap1 and FIP-gap2 from G. applanatum, along with LZ-8 and FIP-gsi, another two representative Ganoderma FIP genes from G. lucidum and G. sinense were functionally expressed in Pichia. Subsequently, bioactivities of four recombinant Ganoderma FIPs were demonstrated and compared. Results All the four Ganoderma FIP genes could be effectively expressed in P. pastoris GS115 at expression levels ranging from 197.5 to 264.3 mg L− 1 and simply purified by one step chromatography using HisTrap™ FF prepack columns. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that they all possessed the FIP conserved fragments. The homologies of different Ganoderma FIPs were from 72.6 to 86.4%. In vitro haemagglutination exhibited that FIP-gap1, FIP-gsi and LZ-8 could agglutinate human, sheep and mouse red blood cells but FIP-gap2 agglutinated none. Besides, the immunomodulation activities of these Ganoderma FIPs were as: rFIP-gap2 > rFIP-gap1 > rLZ-8 and rFIP-gsi in terms of proliferation stimulation and cytokine induction on murine splenocytes. Additionally, the cytotoxic activity of different FIPs was: rFIP-gap1 > rLZ-8 > rFIP-gsi > rFIP-gap2, examined by their inhibition of three human carcinomas A549, Hela and MCF-7. Conclusions Taken together, four typical Ganoderma FIP genes could be functionally expressed in P. pastoris, which might supply as feasible efficient resources for further study and application. Both similarities and differences were indeed observed between Ganoderma FIPs in their amino acid sequences and bioactivities. Comprehensively, rFIP-gaps from G. applanatum proved to be more effective in immunomodulation and cytotoxic assays in vitro than rLZ-8 (G. lucidum) and rFIP-gsi (G. sinense). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12896-018-0488-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wei Qu
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Si-Ya Zhou
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Shi-Xin Guan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zuo-Wen Duan
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Wei-Yan Sun
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Wen-Li Fan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Shui-Sen Chen
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Li-Jing Chen
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jing-Wei Lin
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Yan-Ye Ruan
- Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Agricultural Technology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Molecular cloning, codon-optimized gene expression, and bioactivity assessment of two novel fungal immunomodulatory proteins from Ganoderma applanatum in Pichia. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5483-5494. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Making Use of Genomic Information to Explore the Biotechnological Potential of Medicinal Mushrooms. MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS OF THE WORLD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5978-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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