1
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Shilts J, Wright GJ. Mapping the Human Cell Surface Interactome: A Key to Decode Cell-to-Cell Communication. Annu Rev Biomed Data Sci 2024; 7:155-177. [PMID: 38723658 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-102523-103821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Proteins on the surfaces of cells serve as physical connection points to bridge one cell with another, enabling direct communication between cells and cohesive structure. As biomedical research makes the leap from characterizing individual cells toward understanding the multicellular organization of the human body, the binding interactions between molecules on the surfaces of cells are foundational both for computational models and for clinical efforts to exploit these influential receptor pathways. To achieve this grander vision, we must assemble the full interactome of ways surface proteins can link together. This review investigates how close we are to knowing the human cell surface protein interactome. We summarize the current state of databases and systematic technologies to assemble surface protein interactomes, while highlighting substantial gaps that remain. We aim for this to serve as a road map for eventually building a more robust picture of the human cell surface protein interactome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod Shilts
- Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom;
- School of the Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom;
| | - Gavin J Wright
- Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, United Kingdom;
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2
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Gao Y, He Y, Tang Y, Chen ZS, Qu M. VISTA: A Novel Checkpoint for Cancer Immunotherapy. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104045. [PMID: 38797321 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a recently identified member of the B7 family of immunoregulatory proteins. It is pivotal for maintaining T cell quiescence and exerts a significant regulatory influence on the immune response to tumors. Accumulating clinical evidence suggests that the influence of VISTA on tumor immunity is more nuanced than initially postulated. Although these revelations add layers of complexity to our understanding of the function of VISTA, they also offer novel avenues for scientific inquiry and potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we scrutinize the current literature pertaining to the expression of VISTA in various of malignancies, aiming to elucidate its intricate roles within the tumor microenvironment and in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Translational Medical Center, Weifang Second People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Yanting He
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Pingdu 266700, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- Translational Medical Center, Weifang Second People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Meihua Qu
- Translational Medical Center, Weifang Second People's Hospital, Weifang 261041, Shandong, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandon, China.
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3
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Olbromski M, Mrozowska M, Piotrowska A, Smolarz B, Romanowicz H. The VISTA/VSIG3/PSGL-1 axis: crosstalk between immune effector cells and cancer cells in invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:136. [PMID: 38833004 PMCID: PMC11150347 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03701-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
A checkpoint protein called the V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is important for controlling immune responses. Immune cells that interact with VISTA have molecules, or receptors, known as VISTA receptors. Immune system activity can be modified by the interaction between VISTA and its receptors. Since targeting VISTA or its receptors may be beneficial in certain conditions, VISTA has been studied in relation to immunotherapy for cancer and autoimmune illnesses. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression levels and interactions between VISTA and its receptors, VSIG3 and PSGL-1, in breast cancer tissues. IHC analysis revealed higher levels of proteins within the VISTA/VSIG3/PSGL-1 axis in cancer tissues than in the reference samples (mastopathies). VISTA was found in breast cancer cells and intratumoral immune cells, with membranous and cytoplasmic staining patterns. VISTA was also linked with pathological grade and VSIG3 and PSGL-1 levels. Furthermore, we discovered that the knockdown of one axis member boosted the expression of the other partners. This highlights the significance of VISTA/VSIG3/PSGL-1 in tumor stroma and microenvironment remodeling. Our findings indicate the importance of the VISTA/VSIG3/PSGL-1 axis in the molecular biology of cancer cells and the immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Olbromski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Mrozowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Piotrowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Smolarz
- Department of Pathology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338, Lodz, Poland
| | - Hanna Romanowicz
- Department of Pathology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338, Lodz, Poland
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4
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Luk SJ, Schoppmeyer R, Ijsselsteijn ME, Somarakis A, Acem I, Remst DFG, Cox DT, van Bergen CAM, Briaire-de Bruijn I, Grönloh MLB, van der Meer WJ, Hawinkels LJAC, Koning RI, Bos E, Bovée JVMG, de Miranda NFCC, Szuhai K, van Buul JD, Falkenburg JHF, Heemskerk MHM. VISTA Expression on Cancer-Associated Endothelium Selectively Prevents T-cell Extravasation. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:1480-1492. [PMID: 37695550 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancers evade T-cell immunity by several mechanisms such as secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, down regulation of antigen presentation machinery, upregulation of immune checkpoint molecules, and exclusion of T cells from tumor tissues. The distribution and function of immune checkpoint molecules on tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes is well established, but less is known about their impact on intratumoral endothelial cells. Here, we demonstrated that V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA), a PD-L1 homolog, was highly expressed on endothelial cells in synovial sarcoma, subsets of different carcinomas, and immune-privileged tissues. We created an ex vivo model of the human vasculature and demonstrated that expression of VISTA on endothelial cells selectively prevented T-cell transmigration over endothelial layers under physiologic flow conditions, whereas it does not affect migration of other immune cell types. Furthermore, endothelial VISTA correlated with reduced infiltration of T cells and poor prognosis in metastatic synovial sarcoma. In endothelial cells, we detected VISTA on the plasma membrane and in recycling endosomes, and its expression was upregulated by cancer cell-secreted factors in a VEGF-A-dependent manner. Our study reveals that endothelial VISTA is upregulated by cancer-secreted factors and that it regulates T-cell accessibility to cancer and healthy tissues. This newly identified mechanism should be considered when using immunotherapeutic approaches aimed at unleashing T cell-mediated cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sietse J Luk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rouven Schoppmeyer
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Antonios Somarakis
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ibtissam Acem
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Oncological and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis F G Remst
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daan T Cox
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Max L B Grönloh
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Werner J van der Meer
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Roman I Koning
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Bos
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Judith V M G Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Karoly Szuhai
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap D van Buul
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab, Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mirjam H M Heemskerk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Xu J, Quan G, Huang W, Jiang J. VSIG2 promotes malignant progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by enhancing LAMTOR2-mediated mTOR activation. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:223. [PMID: 37626304 PMCID: PMC10463957 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most intractable malignancies to overcome clinically due to its insidious onset as well as rapid progression. It is urgent to seek new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in order to furthest ameliorate the prognosis of patients with PDAC. V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 2 (VSIG2) belongs to immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), which function as coinhibitory molecule to mediate immune evasion of tumors. Nevertheless, the role of VSIG2 in PDAC and related mechanism still keep unclear. METHODS Different expression of VSIG2 in PDAC tissues and cells were detected by bioinformatic analysis, immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative PCR as well as western blotting. CCK-8, colony formation, Transwell assay, and scratch experiment were utilized to assess proliferation, invasion and migration properties of PDAC cells. The relationship of VSIG2 with late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor, MAPK and MTOR activator 2 (LAMTOR2) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) was identified using mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed for further pathway verification using western blotting. Additionally, subcutaneous xenograft tumor model and clinical samples analysis were implemented to further elucidate the oncogenic effect of VSIG2 on PDAC in vivo and clinically. RESULTS VSIG2 was highly expressed in PDAC tissues and cells. Overexpression of VSIG2 facilitated the proliferation, invasion and migration abilities of PDAC cells, while VSIG2-inhibition exerted opposite effects. Mechanistically, VSIG2 could simultaneously bind to LAMTOR2 and mTOR, thereby enhancing interaction between two molecules, which resulted in elevated phosphorylation-modificatory activation of mTOR and downstream key molecules. Clinically, up-regulation of VSIG2 was positively associated with advanced stage, overall survival and disease-free survival of PDAC patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study disclosed that VSIG2 was overexpressed in PDAC, which promoted the proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Mechanically, VSIG2 acted as a scaffold to recruit LAMTOR2 and mTOR simultaneously, stabilize the interaction between them, thus enhancing LAMTOR2-mediated mTOR phosphorylated activation. Collectively, VSIG2 could be exploited as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis monitor of PDAC in the future, meanwhile, targeting VSIG2 in PDAC management is expected to be a novel strategy. Video Abstract. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichuan Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Splenic Surgery, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 78 Wandao Road, Wanjiang Street, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, 523058, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Quan
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Splenic Surgery, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 78 Wandao Road, Wanjiang Street, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, 523058, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Splenic Surgery, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 78 Wandao Road, Wanjiang Street, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, 523058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Splenic Surgery, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), 78 Wandao Road, Wanjiang Street, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, 523058, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Zhou X, Khan S, Huang D, Li L. V-Set and immunoglobulin domain containing (VSIG) proteins as emerging immune checkpoint targets for cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:938470. [PMID: 36189222 PMCID: PMC9520664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.938470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors is becoming a promising approach to fight cancers. Antibodies targeting immune checkpoint proteins such as CTLA-4 and PD-1 can reinvigorate endogenous antitumor T-cell responses and bring durable advantages to several malignancies. However, only a small subset of patients benefit from these checkpoint inhibitors. Identification of new immune checkpoints with the aim of combination blockade of multiple immune inhibitory pathways is becoming necessary to improve efficiency. Recently, several B7 family-related proteins, TIGIT, VSIG4, and VSIG3, which belong to the VSIG family, have attracted substantial attention as coinhibitory receptors during T-cell activation. By interacting with their corresponding ligands, these VSIG proteins inhibit T-cell responses and maintain an immune suppressive microenvironment in tumors. These results indicated that VSIG family members are becoming putative immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarized the function of each VSIG protein in regulating immune responses and in tumor progression, thus providing an overview of our current understanding of VSIG family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Sohail Khan
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dabing Huang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Dabing Huang, ; Lu Li,
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Dabing Huang, ; Lu Li,
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7
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Mostböck S, Wu HH, Fenn T, Riegler B, Strahlhofer S, Huang Y, Hansen G, Kroe-Barrett R, Tirapu I, Vogt AB. Distinct immune stimulatory effects of anti-human VISTA antibodies are determined by Fc-receptor interaction. Front Immunol 2022; 13:862757. [PMID: 35967294 PMCID: PMC9367637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.862757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
VISTA (PD-1H) is an immune regulatory molecule considered part of the next wave of immuno-oncology targets. VISTA is an immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily cell surface molecule mainly expressed on myeloid cells, and to some extent on NK cells and T cells. In previous preclinical studies, some VISTA-targeting antibodies provided immune inhibitory signals, while other antibodies triggered immune stimulatory signals. Importantly, for therapeutic antibodies, the isotype backbone can have a strong impact on antibody function. To elucidate the mode of action of immune stimulatory anti-VISTA antibodies, we studied three different anti-human VISTA antibody clones, each on three different IgG isotypes currently used for therapeutic antibodies: unaltered IgG1 (IgG1-WT), IgG1-KO (IgG1-LL234,235AA-variant with reduced Fc-effector function), and IgG4-Pro (IgG4- S228P-variant with stabilized hinge region). Antibody functionality was analysed in mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), as a model system for ongoing immune reactions, on unstimulated human PBMCs, as a model system for a resting immune system, and also on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient samples to evaluate anti-VISTA antibody effects on primary tumor material. The functions of three anti-human VISTA antibodies were determined by their IgG isotype backbones. An MLR of healthy donor PBMCs was effectively augmented by anti-VISTA-IgG4-Pro and anti-VISTA-IgG1-WT antibodies, as indicated by increased levels of cytokines, T cell activation markers and T cell proliferation. However, in a culture of unstimulated PBMCs of single healthy donors, only anti-VISTA-IgG1-WT antibodies increased the activation marker HLA-DR on resting myeloid cells, and chemokine levels. Interestingly, interactions with different Fc-receptors were required for these effects, namely CD64 for augmentation of MLR, and CD16 for activation of resting myeloid cells. Furthermore, anti-VISTA-IgG1-KO antibodies had nearly no impact in any model system. Similarly, in AML patient samples, anti-VISTA-antibody on IgG4-Pro backbone, but not on IgG1-KO backbone, increased interactions, as a novel readout of activity, between immune cells and CD34+ AML cancer cells. In conclusion, the immune stimulatory effects of antagonistic anti-VISTA antibodies are defined by the antibody isotype and interaction with different Fc-gamma-receptors, highlighting the importance of understanding these interactions when designing immune stimulatory antibody therapeutics for immuno-oncology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Mostböck
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Sven Mostböck,
| | - Helen Haixia Wu
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Timothy Fenn
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Bettina Riegler
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Strahlhofer
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yining Huang
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Gale Hansen
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Rachel Kroe-Barrett
- Biotherapeutics Discovery, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, United States
| | - Iñigo Tirapu
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne B. Vogt
- Cancer Immunology and Immune Modulation, Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
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Tang XY, Xiong YL, Shi XG, Zhao YB, Shi AP, Zheng KF, Liu YJ, Jiang T, Ma N, Zhao JB. IGSF11 and VISTA: a pair of promising immune checkpoints in tumor immunotherapy. Biomark Res 2022; 10:49. [PMID: 35831836 PMCID: PMC9277907 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has become the major treatment for tumors in clinical practice, but some intractable problems such as the low response rate and high rates of immune-related adverse events still hinder the progress of tumor immunotherapy. Hence, it is essential to explore additional immunotherapy treatment targets. In this review, we focus on the structure, expression and expression-related mechanisms, interactions, biological functions and the progress in preclinical/clinical research of IGSF11 and VISTA in tumors. We cover the progress in recent research with this pair of immune checkpoints in tumor immune regulation, proliferation, immune resistance and predictive prognosis. Both IGSF11 and VISTA are highly expressed in tumors and are modulated by various factors. They co-participate in the functional regulation of immune cells and the inhibition of cytokine production. Besides, in the downregulation of IGSF11 and VISTA, both inhibit the growth of some tumors. Preclinical and clinical trials all emphasize the predictive role of IGSF11 and VISTA in the prognosis of tumors, and that the predictive role of the same gene varies from tumor to tumor. At present, further research is proving the enormous potential of IGSF11 and VISTA in tumors, and especially the role of VISTA in tumor immune resistance. This may prove to be a breakthrough to solve the current clinical immune resistance, and most importantly, since research has focused on VISTA but less on IGSF11, IGSF11 may be the next candidate for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yang Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Lu Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xian-Gui Shi
- College of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ya-Bo Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - An-Ping Shi
- Department of Radiology & Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University (Air Force Medical University), 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai-Fu Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Jian Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Nan Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, 710038, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jin-Bo Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 569 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi, China.
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9
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Xu X, Petersen S, Rodriguez C, Yi G. VISTA facilitates phagocytic clearance of HIV infected CEM-SS T cells. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07496. [PMID: 34401556 PMCID: PMC8353305 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a critical component of the innate immune response to viral infection, resulting in the clearance of infected cells while minimizing the exposure of uninfected cells. On the other hand, phagocytosis of HIV-infected T cells may cause phagocytes, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, to be infected, thus leading to HIV cell-to-cell transmission. V domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA, gene Vsir, aliases Gi24, Dies-1, PD-1H, and DD1α) has been identified as an immune checkpoint molecule that possesses dual activities when expressed on APCs and T cells. Our study found that VISTA might play a significant role during the immune response to HIV infection via apoptosis upregulation and subsequent phagocytosis of infected CEM-SS T cells. HIV-induced apoptosis and monocytic cell engulfment were tested utilizing CEM-SS T cells as target cells and the monocytic cell line THP-1 as phagocytic cells. Cells were infected with a GFP-labeled HIV strain, NL4-3. HIV-infected CEM-SS T cells displayed greater apoptotic activity (approximately 18.0%) than mock-infected controls. Additionally, phagocytosis of HIV-infected CEM-SS T cells was increased approximately 4-fold. Expression of VISTA on infected CEM-SS T cells was detected in 16.7% of cells, which correlated with the increased phagocytosis observed. When an antagonistic antibody against VISTA was used, the number of phagocytosed cells was reduced by a factor of 2, which was replicated utilizing human stem cell-derived dendritic cells. Phagocytosis was also confirmed by the upregulation of IL-1β expression, which was 5-fold higher in infected cells than in control cells. We also found that VISTA overexpression on both phagocytes and HIV-infected CEM-SS T cells facilitated phagocytosis. Our study suggests that VISTA may act as a direct ligand in the phagocytosis of HIV-infected T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuequn Xu
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Sean Petersen
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Cynthia Rodriguez
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Guohua Yi
- Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States.,Department of Pulmonary Immunology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, United States
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10
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Li TT, Jiang JW, Qie CX, Xuan CX, Hu XL, Liu WM, Chen WT, Liu J. Identification of active small-molecule modulators targeting the novel immune checkpoint VISTA. BMC Immunol 2021; 22:55. [PMID: 34380434 PMCID: PMC8359099 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-021-00446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer immunotherapy has gained increasing popularity as a novel approach to treat cancer. A member of the B7 family, V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA) is a novel immune checkpoint that regulates a broad spectrum of immune responses. VISTA is an acidic pH-selective ligand for P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1(PSGL-1). CA-170, a first-in-class small-molecule dual antagonist of VISTA/PD-L1, was collaboratively developed by Aurigene Discovery Technologies Limited and Curis, Inc. It is currently in Phase I clinical trial. Results In this study, we develop homology modeling for the VISTA 3D structure and subsequent virtual screening for VISTA small-molecule hit ligands. Visualization of the binding postures of docked ligands with the VISTA protein indicates that some small molecular compounds target VISTA. The ability of antagonist to disrupt immune checkpoint VISTA pathways was investigated though functional studies in vitro. Conclusions Affinity active molecule for VISTA was obtained through virtual screening, and the antagonist compound activity to VISTA was assayed in cellular level. We reported a small molecule with high VISTA affinity as antagonist, providing ideas for development VISTA-targeted small molecule compound in cancer immunotherapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12865-021-00446-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Li
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jing-Wei Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chen-Xin Qie
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chun-Xiao Xuan
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xin-Lei Hu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wan-Mei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wen-Ting Chen
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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11
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Xie X, Chen C, Chen W, Jiang J, Wang L, Li T, Sun H, Liu J. Structural Basis of VSIG3: The Ligand for VISTA. Front Immunol 2021; 12:625808. [PMID: 33841409 PMCID: PMC8027081 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.625808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
B7 family members and their receptors play key roles in regulating T cell responses, and constitute very attractive targets for developing immunotherapeutic drugs. V-Set and Immunoglobulin domain containing 3 (VSIG3), a ligand for the novel B7 family immune checkpoint V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), can significantly inhibit T cell functions. Inhibitors targeting the VISTA/VSIG3 pathway are of great significance in tumor immunology. Here, we show the crystal structure of the extracellular domain (ECD) of the human VSIG3 protein at 2.64 angstrom resolution, and we produce recombinant human VSIG-3 ECD in both CHO cells and E. coli. Furthermore, we demonstrated the interaction of VISTA and VSIG3 by coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP). Based on protein-protein docking for VISTA and VSIG3, we report a small molecule inhibitor of VSIG3 K284-3046 and evaluate its biological activities in vitro. This study was the first to reveal the crystal structure of VSIG3, and provides the structural basis for designing antibodies or compounds for the unique VSIG3/VISTA coinhibitory pathway in the treatment of cancers, autoimmune diseases and may be beneficial of designing vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Xie
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiping Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenting Chen
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lanlan Wang
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- New Drug Screening Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Ghouzlani A, Rafii S, Karkouri M, Lakhdar A, Badou A. The Promising IgSF11 Immune Checkpoint Is Highly Expressed in Advanced Human Gliomas and Associates to Poor Prognosis. Front Oncol 2021; 10:608609. [PMID: 33604291 PMCID: PMC7884863 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.608609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most prevalent primary brain tumor. Immune checkpoint blockade has made a great stride in mending patient’s clinical outcome for multiple types of cancers. However, PD-1, CTLA-4, or VEGF blockade exhibited only poor outcome in glioma patients. This study aimed to explore the expression and role of IgSF11, an emerging immune checkpoint and a ligand of VISTA, in human gliomas. IgSF11 mRNA expression was assessed in human glioma patients at different grades using 2 independent cohorts, a set of 52 Moroccan samples, including 20 glioma tissues, 22 PBMC samples taken before and 10 PBMC samples taken after surgery; and a series of 667 patients from TCGA. In parallel, immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate IgSF11 protein staining. IgSF11 gene expression was significantly upregulated in high grade glioma tissues, compared to low grade. IgSF11 protein also showed a significant expression in low and high-grade gliomas. Interestingly, IgSF11 expression seemed to correlate positively with other critical immune checkpoints such as PD1, PDL-1, VISTA, and surprisingly negatively with CTLA-4. Although, T cell markers appeared higher in advanced gliomas, T cell-produced pro-inflammatory genes showed similar expression levels, highly likely because of the potent immunosuppressive microenvironment. Indeed, increased expression of IgSF11 in advanced human gliomas associated with a poor overall survival. Our data strongly suggest that IgSF11 is an immune checkpoint, which is upregulated in advanced human gliomas and contributes to the immunosuppressive state resulting in a poor clinical outcome in glioma patients. IgSF11 could be considered as a possible promising therapeutic target in advanced human gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Ghouzlani
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Soumaya Rafii
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mehdi Karkouri
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.,Department of Pathology, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelhakim Lakhdar
- Department of Neurosurgery, UHC Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco.,Laboratory of Research on Neurologic, Neurosensorial Diseases and Handicap, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Badou
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
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13
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Mehta N, Maddineni S, Kelly RL, Lee RB, Hunter SA, Silberstein JL, Parra Sperberg RA, Miller CL, Rabe A, Labanieh L, Cochran JR. An engineered antibody binds a distinct epitope and is a potent inhibitor of murine and human VISTA. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15171. [PMID: 32938950 PMCID: PMC7494997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
V-domain immunoglobulin (Ig) suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is an immune checkpoint that maintains peripheral T cell quiescence and inhibits anti-tumor immune responses. VISTA functions by dampening the interaction between myeloid cells and T cells, orthogonal to PD-1 and other checkpoints of the tumor-T cell signaling axis. Here, we report the use of yeast surface display to engineer an anti-VISTA antibody that binds with high affinity to mouse, human, and cynomolgus monkey VISTA. Our anti-VISTA antibody (SG7) inhibits VISTA function and blocks purported interactions with both PSGL-1 and VSIG3 proteins. SG7 binds a unique epitope on the surface of VISTA, which partially overlaps with other clinically relevant antibodies. As a monotherapy, and to a greater extent as a combination with anti-PD1, SG7 slows tumor growth in multiple syngeneic mouse models. SG7 is a promising clinical candidate that can be tested in fully immunocompetent mouse models and its binding epitope can be used for future campaigns to develop species cross-reactive inhibitors of VISTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Mehta
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | | | - Robert B Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sean A Hunter
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - John L Silberstein
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | - Caitlyn L Miller
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Amanda Rabe
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Louai Labanieh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer R Cochran
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,xCella Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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14
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Mehta N, Maddineni S, Mathews II, Andres Parra Sperberg R, Huang PS, Cochran JR. Structure and Functional Binding Epitope of V-domain Ig Suppressor of T Cell Activation. Cell Rep 2020; 28:2509-2516.e5. [PMID: 31484064 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
V-domain immunoglobulin (Ig) suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is an immune checkpoint protein that inhibits the T cell response against cancer. Similar to PD-1 and CTLA-4, a blockade of VISTA promotes tumor clearance by the immune system. Here, we report a 1.85 Å crystal structure of the elusive human VISTA extracellular domain, whose lack of homology necessitated a combinatorial MR-Rosetta approach for structure determination. We highlight features that make the VISTA immunoglobulin variable (IgV)-like fold unique among B7 family members, including two additional disulfide bonds and an extended loop region with an attached helix that we show forms a contiguous binding epitope for a clinically relevant anti-VISTA antibody. We propose an overlap of this antibody-binding region with the binding epitope for V-set and Ig domain containing 3 (VSIG3), a purported functional binding partner of VISTA. The structure and functional epitope presented here will help guide future drug development efforts against this important checkpoint target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Mehta
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Irimpan I Mathews
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Po-Ssu Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Jennifer R Cochran
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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15
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Ding M, Tegel H, Sivertsson Å, Hober S, Snijder A, Ormö M, Strömstedt PE, Davies R, Holmberg Schiavone L. Secretome-Based Screening in Target Discovery. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2020; 25:535-551. [PMID: 32425085 PMCID: PMC7309359 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220917113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Secreted proteins and their cognate plasma membrane receptors regulate human physiology by transducing signals from the extracellular environment into cells resulting in different cellular phenotypes. Systematic use of secretome proteins in assays enables discovery of novel biology and signaling pathways. Several secretome-based phenotypic screening platforms have been described in the literature and shown to facilitate target identification in drug discovery. In this review, we summarize the current status of secretome-based screening. This includes annotation, production, quality control, and sample management of secretome libraries, as well as how secretome libraries have been applied to discover novel target biology using different disease-relevant cell-based assays. A workflow for secretome-based screening is shared based on the AstraZeneca experience. The secretome library offers several advantages compared with other libraries used for target discovery: (1) screening using a secretome library directly identifies the active protein and, in many cases, its cognate receptor, enabling a rapid understanding of the disease pathway and subsequent formation of target hypotheses for drug discovery; (2) the secretome library covers significant areas of biological signaling space, although the size of this library is small; (3) secretome proteins can be added directly to cells without additional manipulation. These factors make the secretome library ideal for testing in physiologically relevant cell types, and therefore it represents an attractive approach to phenotypic target discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ding
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanna Tegel
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Sivertsson
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sophia Hober
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arjan Snijder
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Ormö
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per-Erik Strömstedt
- Mechanistic Biology and Profiling, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rick Davies
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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16
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Carballido JM, Regairaz C, Rauld C, Raad L, Picard D, Kammüller M. The Emerging Jamboree of Transformative Therapies for Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:472. [PMID: 32296421 PMCID: PMC7137386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard treatments for autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders rely mainly on immunosuppression. These are predominantly symptomatic remedies that do not affect the root cause of the disease and are associated with multiple side effects. Immunotherapies are being developed during the last decades as more specific and safer alternatives to small molecules with broad immunosuppressive activity, but they still do not distinguish between disease-causing and protective cell targets and thus, they still have considerable risks of increasing susceptibility to infections and/or malignancy. Antigen-specific approaches inducing immune tolerance represent an emerging trend carrying the potential to be curative without inducing broad immunosuppression. These therapies are based on antigenic epitopes derived from the same proteins that are targeted by the autoreactive T and B cells, and which are administered to patients together with precise instructions to induce regulatory responses capable to restore homeostasis. They are not personalized medicines, and they do not need to be. They are precision therapies exquisitely targeting the disease-causing cells that drive pathology in defined patient populations. Immune tolerance approaches are truly transformative options for people suffering from autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Carballido
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Camille Regairaz
- Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Celine Rauld
- Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Layla Raad
- Autoimmunity Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Damien Picard
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kammüller
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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17
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Kim H, Takegahara N, Walsh MC, Middleton SA, Yu J, Shirakawa J, Ueda J, Fujihara Y, Ikawa M, Ishii M, Kim J, Choi Y. IgSF11 regulates osteoclast differentiation through association with the scaffold protein PSD-95. Bone Res 2020; 8:5. [PMID: 32047704 PMCID: PMC7010662 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated, giant cells derived from myeloid progenitors. While receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) stimulation is the primary driver of osteoclast differentiation, additional signaling further contributes to osteoclast maturation. Here, we demonstrate that immunoglobulin superfamily member 11 (IgSF11), whose expression increases during osteoclast differentiation, regulates osteoclast differentiation through interaction with postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), a scaffold protein with multiple protein interaction domains. IgSF11 deficiency in vivo results in impaired osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption but no observed defect in bone formation. Consequently, IgSF11-deficient mice exhibit increased bone mass. Using in vitro osteoclast culture systems, we show that IgSF11 functions through homophilic interactions. Additionally, we demonstrate that impaired osteoclast differentiation in IgSF11-deficient cells is rescued by full-length IgSF11 and that the IgSF11-PSD-95 interaction requires the 75 C-terminal amino acids of IgSF11. Our findings reveal a critical role for IgSF11 during osteoclast differentiation and suggest a role for IgSF11 in a receptor- and signal transduction molecule-containing protein complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Noriko Takegahara
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Matthew C. Walsh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Sarah A. Middleton
- Department of Biology, Department of Computer and Information Science, School of Arts and Sciences, Program in Single Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jiyeon Yu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jumpei Shirakawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jun Ueda
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Fujihara
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Junhyong Kim
- Department of Biology, Department of Computer and Information Science, School of Arts and Sciences, Program in Single Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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18
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Wang J, Wu G, Manick B, Hernandez V, Renelt M, Erickson C, Guan J, Singh R, Rollins S, Solorz A, Bi M, Li J, Grabowski D, Dirkx J, Tracy C, Stuart T, Ellinghuysen C, Desmond D, Foster C, Kalabokis V. VSIG-3 as a ligand of VISTA inhibits human T-cell function. Immunology 2018; 156:74-85. [PMID: 30220083 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
B7 family members and their receptors play a central role in the regulation of T-cell responses through T-cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition pathways that constitute attractive targets for the development of immunotherapeutic drugs. In this study, we report that VSIG-3/IGSF11 is a ligand of B7 family member VISTA/PD-1H and inhibits human T-cell functions through a novel VSIG-3/VISTA pathway. An extensive functional ELISA binding screening assay reveals that VSIG-3 binds to the new B7 family member VISTA but does not interact with other known members of the B7 family. Under the same experimental conditions, we did not observe any significant interaction between VSIG-8 and VISTA. In addition, VSIG-3 inhibits human T-cell proliferation in the presence of T-cell receptor signaling. Furthermore, VSIG-3 significantly reduces cytokine and chemokine production by human T cells including IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-17, CCL5/Rantes, CCL3/MIP-1α, and CXCL11/I-TAC. Anti-VISTA neutralization antibodies attenuate the binding of VSIG-3 and VISTA, as well as VSIG-3-induced T-cell inhibition. Hence, we have identified a novel ligand for VISTA that is able to inhibit human T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. This unique VSIG-3/VISTA co-inhibitory pathway may provide new strategies for the treatment of human cancers, autoimmune disorders, infection, and transplant rejection and may aid in the design of better vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Wang
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Guoping Wu
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brian Manick
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Vida Hernandez
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark Renelt
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christian Erickson
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joanna Guan
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Simone Rollins
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Alicia Solorz
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ming Bi
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David Grabowski
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Janette Dirkx
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Camrin Tracy
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Thomas Stuart
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chad Ellinghuysen
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Desmond
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Craig Foster
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Vassilios Kalabokis
- Department of Protein Development, R&D Systems, Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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19
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Xu W, Hiếu T, Malarkannan S, Wang L. The structure, expression, and multifaceted role of immune-checkpoint protein VISTA as a critical regulator of anti-tumor immunity, autoimmunity, and inflammation. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:438-446. [PMID: 29375120 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Among various immunoregulatory molecules, the B7 family of immune-checkpoint receptors consists of highly valuable targets for cancer immunotherapy. Antibodies targeting two B7 family co-inhibitory receptors, CTLA-4 and PD-1, have elicited long-term clinical outcomes in previously refractory cancer types and are considered a breakthrough in cancer therapy. Despite the success, the relatively low response rate (20-30%) warrants efforts to identify and overcome additional immune-suppressive pathways. Among the expanding list of T cell inhibitory regulators, V domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a unique B7 family checkpoint that regulates a broad spectrum of immune responses. Here, we summarize recent advances that highlight the structure, expression, and multi-faceted immunomodulatory mechanisms of VISTA in the context of autoimmunity, inflammation, and anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - TạMinh Hiếu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Subramaniam Malarkannan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Department of Medicine, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Blood Research Institute, 53226, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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20
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Prodeus A, Abdul-Wahid A, Sparkes A, Fischer NW, Cydzik M, Chiang N, Alwash M, Ferzoco A, Vacaresse N, Julius M, Gorczysnki RM, Gariépy J. VISTA.COMP - an engineered checkpoint receptor agonist that potently suppresses T cell-mediated immune responses. JCI Insight 2017; 2:94308. [PMID: 28931757 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a recently discovered immune checkpoint ligand that functions to suppress T cell activity. The therapeutic potential of activating this immune checkpoint pathway to reduce inflammatory responses remains untapped, largely due to the inability to derive agonists targeting its unknown receptor. A dimeric construct of the IgV domain of VISTA (VISTA-Fc) was shown to suppress the activation of T cells in vitro. However, this effect required its immobilization on a solid surface, suggesting that VISTA-Fc may display limited efficacy as a VISTA-receptor agonist in vivo. Herein, we have designed a stable pentameric VISTA construct (VISTA.COMP) by genetically fusing its IgV domain to the pentamerization domain from the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). In contrast to VISTA-Fc, VISTA.COMP does not require immobilization to inhibit the proliferation of CD4+ T cells undergoing polyclonal activation. Furthermore, we show that VISTA.COMP, but not VISTA-Fc, functions as an immunosuppressive agonist in vivo capable of prolonging the survival of skin allografts in a mouse transplant model as well as rescuing mice from acute concanavalin-A-induced hepatitis. Collectively, we believe our data demonstrate that VISTA.COMP is a checkpoint receptor agonist and the first agent to our knowledge targeting the putative VISTA-receptor to suppress T cell-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Prodeus
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Nicholas W Fischer
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Nicholas Chiang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
| | - Mays Alwash
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
| | - Alessandra Ferzoco
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Michael Julius
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reginald M Gorczysnki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and.,Transplant Research Division, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean Gariépy
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and
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