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Jawad M, Wang H, Wu Y, Rehman O, Song Y, Xu R, Zhang Q, Gao H, Xue C. Lignocellulosic ethanol and butanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Clostridium beijerinckii co-culture using non-detoxified corn stover hydrolysate. J Biotechnol 2024; 379:1-5. [PMID: 37944902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Considering global economic and environmental -benefits, green renewable biofuels such as ethanol and butanol are considered as sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. Thus, developing a co-culture strategy for ethanol and butanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Clostridium beijerinckii has emerged as a promising approach for biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass. This study developed a co-culture of S. cerevisiae and C. beijerinckii for ethanol and butanol production from non-detoxified corn stover hydrolysate. By firstly inoculating 3 % S. cerevisiae and then 7 % C. beijerinckii with 8-10 h time intervals, the optimized co-culture process gave 24.0 g/L ABE (20.8 g/L ethanol and 2.4 g/L butanol), obtaining ABE yield and productivity of 0.421 g/g and 0.55 g/L/h. The demonstrated co-culture strategy made full use of hexose and pentose in hydrolysate and contributed to total yield and efficiency compared to conventional ethanol or ABE fermentation, indicating its great potential for developing economically feasible and sustainable bioalcohols production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jawad
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Engineering Research Center of Application and Transformation for Synthetic Biology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Huan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Engineering Research Center of Application and Transformation for Synthetic Biology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Youduo Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Engineering Research Center of Application and Transformation for Synthetic Biology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China; Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315016, China.
| | - Omama Rehman
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Engineering Research Center of Application and Transformation for Synthetic Biology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongxiu Song
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315016, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Yunnan Provincial Rural Energy Engineering Key Laboratory, Kunming 650600, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- SINOPEC Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals Co., Ltd., Dalian 116041, China
| | - Huipeng Gao
- SINOPEC Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals Co., Ltd., Dalian 116041, China
| | - Chuang Xue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, Engineering Research Center of Application and Transformation for Synthetic Biology, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China; Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315016, China.
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Humphreys JR, Debebe BJ, Diggle SP, Winzer K. Clostridium beijerinckii strain degeneration is driven by the loss of Spo0A activity. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1075609. [PMID: 36704551 PMCID: PMC9871927 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1075609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Solventogenic clostridia represent a diverse group of anaerobic, spore-forming bacteria capable of producing acetone, butanol and ethanol through their unique biphasic metabolism. An intrinsic problem with these organisms however is their tendency to degenerate when repeatedly subcultured or when grown continuously. This phenomenon sees cells lose their ability to produce solvents and spores, posing a significant problem for industrial applications. To investigate the mechanistic and evolutionary basis of degeneration we combined comparative genomics, ultra-deep sequencing, and concepts of sociomicrobiology using Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 as our model organism. These approaches revealed spo0A, the master regulator gene involved in spore and solvent formation, to be key to the degeneration process in this strain. Comparative genomics of 71 degenerate variants revealed four distinct hotspot regions that contained considerably more mutations than the rest of the genome. These included spo0A as well as genes suspected to regulate its expression and activity. Ultra-deep sequencing of populations during the subculturing process showed transient increases in mutations we believe linked to the spo0A network, however, these were ultimately dominated by mutations in the master regulator itself. Through frequency-dependent fitness assays, we found that spo0A mutants gained a fitness advantage, relative to the wild type, presumably allowing for propagation throughout the culture. Combined, our data provides new insights into the phenomenon of clostridial strain degeneration and the C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 solvent and spore regulation network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Humphreys
- BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SBRC), School of Life Sciences, University Park, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bisrat J. Debebe
- DeepSeq, Centre for Genetics and Genomics, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P. Diggle
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Klaus Winzer
- BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SBRC), School of Life Sciences, University Park, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Klaus Winzer, ✉
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Yi X, Wu J, Jiang H, Zhao Y, Mei J. Kinase expression enhances phenolic aldehydes conversion and ethanol fermentability of Zymomonas mobilis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:1319-1329. [PMID: 35786774 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Kinases modulate the various physiological activities of microbial fermenting strains including the conversion of lignocellulose-derived phenolic aldehydes (4-hydroxyaldehyde, vanillin, and syringaldehyde). Here, we comprehensively investigated the gene transcriptional profiling of the kinases under the stress of phenolic aldehydes for ethanologenic Zymomonas mobilis using DNA microarray. Among 47 kinase genes, three genes of ZMO0003 (adenylylsulfate kinase), ZMO1162 (histidine kinase), and ZMO1391 (diacylglycerol kinase), were differentially expressed against 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin, in which the overexpression of ZMO1162 promoted the phenolic aldehydes conversion and ethanol fermentability. The perturbance originated from plasmid-based expression of ZMO1162 gene contributed to a unique expression profiling of genome-encoding genes under all three phenolic aldehydes stress. Differentially expressed ribosome genes were predicted as one of the main contributors to phenolic aldehydes conversion and thus finally enhanced ethanol fermentability for Z. mobilis ZM4. The results provided an insight into the kinases on regulation of phenolic aldehydes conversion and ethanol fermentability for Z. mobilis ZM4, as well as the target object for rational design of robust biorefinery strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yi
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, 17 Lufeng Road, Jiujiang, 332000, China.
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomass Refining and High-Quality Utilization, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
| | - Jianfang Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, 17 Lufeng Road, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - He Jiang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, 17 Lufeng Road, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, 17 Lufeng Road, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Jun Mei
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang University, 17 Lufeng Road, Jiujiang, 332000, China
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Patakova P, Branska B, Vasylkivska M, Jureckova K, Musilova J, Provaznik I, Sedlar K. Transcriptomic studies of solventogenic clostridia, Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium beijerinckii. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 58:107889. [PMID: 34929313 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Solventogenic clostridia are not a strictly defined group within the genus Clostridium but its representatives share some common features, i.e. they are anaerobic, non-pathogenic, non-toxinogenic and endospore forming bacteria. Their main metabolite is typically 1-butanol but depending on species and culture conditions, they can form other metabolites such as acetone, isopropanol, ethanol, butyric, lactic and acetic acids, and hydrogen. Although these organisms were previously used for the industrial production of solvents, they later fell into disuse, being replaced by more efficient chemical production. A return to a more biological production of solvents therefore requires a thorough understanding of clostridial metabolism. Transcriptome analysis, which reflects the involvement of individual genes in all cellular processes within a population, at any given (sampling) moment, is a valuable tool for gaining a deeper insight into clostridial life. In this review, we describe techniques to study transcription, summarize the evolution of these techniques and compare methods for data processing and visualization of solventogenic clostridia, particularly the species Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium beijerinckii. Individual approaches for evaluating transcriptomic data are compared and their contributions to advancements in the field are assessed. Moreover, utilization of transcriptomic data for reconstruction of computational clostridial metabolic models is considered and particular models are described. Transcriptional changes in glucose transport, central carbon metabolism, the sporulation cycle, butanol and butyrate stress responses, the influence of lignocellulose-derived inhibitors on growth and solvent production, and other respective topics, are addressed and common trends are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Patakova
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Branska
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Maryna Vasylkivska
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jana Musilova
- Brno University of Technology, Technicka 10, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Provaznik
- Brno University of Technology, Technicka 10, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Sedlar
- Brno University of Technology, Technicka 10, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
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Salvatori P. The rationale of ethanol inhalation for disinfection of the respiratory tract in SARS-CoV-2-positive asymptomatic subjects. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 40:201. [PMID: 35136464 PMCID: PMC8783302 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.40.201.31211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is a major health concern and is affecting the socio-economic lives. As other highly contagious diseases, it is of outmost importance to early identify and treat the healthy carriers or positive asymptomatic subjects (PAS). SARS-CoV-2 entry points are mainly in the respiratory tract. No specific virucidal treatments against SARS-CoV-2 are currently available. Monoclonal antibodies are under evaluation, but high cost and possible ineffectiveness against virus variants could limit its use. Resorting nonspecific drugs is an alternative approach. Among them, ethanol (EtOH) is known to be a powerful, cost-effective and abundant virucidal agent, now advised for surgical hand and surfaces disinfection. The paper aims to determine the potential role of inhaled ethanol to disinfect SARS-CoV-2 PAS, taking into account the dimension of the problem, ethanol efficiency and other beneficial effects on the respiratory tract, ethanol local and general toxicity and ethanol therapeutic window; consequently, to propose a study in order to verify this hypothesis. Together with the consolidated knowledge, an extensive review of the medical literature has been carried out looking for sound data able to support (or discard) the rationale on which a study could be built up. Evident data supporting the inhaled ethanol potential role on SARS-CoV-2 PAS disinfection have been found and discussed. A clinical trial to test the hypothesis that inhaled ethanol could be rapidly efficient in lowering or eradicating SARS-CoV-2 from the respiratory tract in PAS is advisable. Individual and public health benefits are stressed, together with socio-economic positive fallouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Salvatori
- Retired Head & Neck Surgeon, Former Head of Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Department at the Humanitas San Pio X Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Kinetics of ABE fermentation considering the different phenotypes present in a batch culture of Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB-8052. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Diallo M, Kengen SWM, López-Contreras AM. Sporulation in solventogenic and acetogenic clostridia. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3533-3557. [PMID: 33900426 PMCID: PMC8102284 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Clostridium genus harbors compelling organisms for biotechnological production processes; while acetogenic clostridia can fix C1-compounds to produce acetate and ethanol, solventogenic clostridia can utilize a wide range of carbon sources to produce commercially valuable carboxylic acids, alcohols, and ketones by fermentation. Despite their potential, the conversion by these bacteria of carbohydrates or C1 compounds to alcohols is not cost-effective enough to result in economically viable processes. Engineering solventogenic clostridia by impairing sporulation is one of the investigated approaches to improve solvent productivity. Sporulation is a cell differentiation process triggered in bacteria in response to exposure to environmental stressors. The generated spores are metabolically inactive but resistant to harsh conditions (UV, chemicals, heat, oxygen). In Firmicutes, sporulation has been mainly studied in bacilli and pathogenic clostridia, and our knowledge of sporulation in solvent-producing or acetogenic clostridia is limited. Still, sporulation is an integral part of the cellular physiology of clostridia; thus, understanding the regulation of sporulation and its connection to solvent production may give clues to improve the performance of solventogenic clostridia. This review aims to provide an overview of the triggers, characteristics, and regulatory mechanism of sporulation in solventogenic clostridia. Those are further compared to the current knowledge on sporulation in the industrially relevant acetogenic clostridia. Finally, the potential applications of spores for process improvement are discussed.Key Points• The regulatory network governing sporulation initiation varies in solventogenic clostridia.• Media composition and cell density are the main triggers of sporulation.• Spores can be used to improve the fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamou Diallo
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Servé W M Kengen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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