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Vijayanand M, Issac PK, Velayutham M, Shaik MR, Hussain SA, Guru A. Exploring the neuroprotective potential of KC14 peptide from Cyprinus carpio against oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration by regulating antioxidant mechanism. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:990. [PMID: 39287730 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress, a condition characterized by excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), can cause significant damage to cellular macromolecules, leading to neurodegeneration. This underscores the need for effective antioxidant therapies that can mitigate oxidative stress and its associated neurodegenerative effects. KC14 peptide derived from liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide-2 A (LEAP 2 A) from Cyprinus carpio L. has been identified as a potential therapeutic agent. This study focuses on the antioxidant and neuroprotective properties of the KC14 peptide is to evaluate its effectiveness against oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. METHODS The antioxidant capabilities of KC14 were initially assessed through in silico docking studies, which predicted its potential to interact with oxidative stress-related targets. Subsequently, the peptide was tested at concentrations ranging from 5 to 45 µM in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vivo studies involved treating H2O2-induced zebrafish larvae with KC14 peptide to analyze its effects on oxidative stress and neuroprotection. RESULTS KC14 peptide showed a protective effect against the developmental malformations caused by H2O2 stress, restored antioxidant enzyme activity, reduced neuronal damage, and lowered lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels in H2O2-induced larvae. It enhanced acetylcholinesterase activity and significantly reduced intracellular ROS levels (p < 0.05) dose-dependently. Gene expression studies showed up-regulation of antioxidant genes with KC14 treatment under H2O2 stress. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the potent antioxidant activity of KC14 and its ability to confer neuroprotection against oxidative stress can provide a novel therapeutic agent for combating neurodegenerative diseases induced by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumitha Vijayanand
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Issac
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Manikandan Velayutham
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammed Rafi Shaik
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaik Althaf Hussain
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Priyanka GCL, Mahalakshmi NC, Almutairi MH, Almutairi BO, Sudhakaran G, Premkumar B, Arockiaraj J. Tanshinone IIA from Salvia miltiorrhiza alleviates follicular maturation arrest symptoms in zebrafish via binding to the human androgen receptors and modulating Tox3 and Dennd1a. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102404. [PMID: 38759521 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Follicular maturation arrest is a prevalent endocrine disorder characterized by hormonal imbalance, ovarian dysfunction, and metabolic disturbances leading to Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Tanshinone IIA (TIIA), a bioactive compound derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza, has shown promising therapeutic potential in various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and cancer. However, its effects on reproductive health and gynecological disorders, particularly PCOS, remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of TIIA on ovarian function. Using a combination of experimental and computational approaches, we elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying TIIA's pharmacological impact on ovarian function, follicular development, and androgen receptor signaling. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations revealed that TIIA interacts with the human androgen receptor (HAR), modulating its activity and downstream signaling pathways. Our results demonstrate that TIIA treatment alleviates PCOS-like symptoms in a zebrafish model, including improved follicular development, lowered GSI index, improved antioxidant status (SOD, CAT), decreased LDH levels, and enhanced AChE levels by regulating Tox3 and Dennd1a pathway. Our findings suggest that TIIA may hold promise as a novel therapeutic agent for the management of PCOS or ovulation induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Leela Priyanka
- Department of Pharmacology, K.K College of Pharmacy, Affiliated to The Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Grugambakkam 600128, India
| | - N C Mahalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, K.K College of Pharmacy, Affiliated to The Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Grugambakkam 600128, India
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gokul Sudhakaran
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu 600077, India.
| | - B Premkumar
- Department of Pharmacology, K.K College of Pharmacy, Affiliated to The Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Grugambakkam 600128, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
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Jegadheeshwari S, Velayutham M, Gunasekaran K, Kesavan M. DbGTi: Thermostable trypsin inhibitor from Dioscorea bulbifera L. ground tubers: assessment of antioxidant and antibacterial properties and cytotoxicity evaluation using zebrafish model. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130244. [PMID: 38387638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress disorders and diseases caused by drug-resistant bacteria have emerged as significant public health concerns. Plant-based medications like protease inhibitors are growing despite adverse effects therapies. Consecutively, in this study, trypsin inhibitors from Dioscorea bulbifera L. (DbGTi trypsin inhibitor) ground tubers were isolated, purified, characterized, and evaluated for their potential cytotoxicity, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities. DbGTi protein was purified by Q-Sepharose matrix, followed by trypsin inhibitory activity. The molecular weight of the DbGTi protein was found to be approximately 31 kDa by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The secondary structure analysis by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy revealed that the DbGTi protein predominantly comprises β sheets followed by α helix. DbGTi protein showed competitive type of inhibition with Vmax = 2.1372 × 10-1 μM/min, Km = 1.1805 × 102 μM, & Ki = 8.4 × 10-9 M and was stable up to 70 °C. DbGTi protein exhibited 58 % similarity with Dioscorin protein isolated from Dioscorea alata L. as revealed by LC-MS/MS analysis. DbGTi protein showed a non-toxic effect, analyzed by MTT, Haemolytic assay and in vivo studies on zebrafish model. DbGTi protein significantly inhibited K. pneumoniae and has excellent antioxidant properties, confirmed by various antioxidant assays. The results of anti-microbial, cytotoxicity and antioxidant assays demonstrate its bioactive potential and non-toxic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jegadheeshwari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India; Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikandan Velayutham
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Integrative Physiology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Kanchipuram, India
| | - K Gunasekaran
- Department of Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - M Kesavan
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Guru A, Murugan R, Arockiaraj J. Histone acetyltransferases derived RW20 protects and promotes rapid clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in zebrafish larvae. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:25-35. [PMID: 37335389 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas is a group of bacteria that can cause a wide range of infections, particularly in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with cystic fibrosis or who are hospitalized. It can also cause infections in the skin and soft tissue, including cellulitis, abscesses and wound infections. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPS) are the alternative strategy due to their broad spectrum of activity and act as effective treatment against multi-drug resistance pathogens. In this study, we have used an AMP, RW20 (1RPVKRKKGWPKGVKRGPPKW20). RW20 peptide is derived from the histone acetyltransferases (HATs) of the freshwater teleost, Channa striatus. The antimicrobial prediction tool has been utilized to identify the RW20 sequence from the HATs sequence. We synthesized the peptide to explore its mechanism of action. In an in vitro assay, RW20 was challenged against P. aeruginosa and we showed that RW20 displayed antibacterial properties and damaged the cell membrane. The mechanism of action of RW20 against P. aeruginosa has been established via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) as well as fluorescence assisted cell sorter (FACS) analysis. Both these experiments established that RW20 caused bacterial membrane disruption and cell death. Moreover, the impact of RW20, in-vivo, was tested against P. aeruginosa-infected zebrafish larvae. In the infected larvae, RW20 showed protective effect against P. aeruginosa by increasing the larval antioxidant enzymes, reducing the excess oxidative stress and apoptosis. Thus, it is possible that HATs-derived RW20 can be an efficient antimicrobial molecule against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 077, India
| | - Raghul Murugan
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India.
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Sudhakaran G, Rajesh R, Almutairi BO, Arokiyaraj S, Gopinath P, Arockiaraj J. Nimbin analogs stimulate glucose uptake and glycogen storage in the insulin signalling cascade by enhancing the IRTK, PI3K and Glut-4 mechanism in myotubes. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102104. [PMID: 37207372 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin dysfunction or failure of the pancreatic β-cells to produce insulin resulting in hyperglycemia. Adverse effects of hyperglycemic conditions continue to be common, reducing treatment adherence. Intensified therapies are required for the constant loss of endogenous islet reserve. AIM This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Nimbin semi-natural analogs (N2, N5, N7, and N8) from A. indica on high glucose-induced ROS and apoptosis with insulin resistance in L6 myotubes evaluated along with Wortmannin and Genistein inhibitors and the expression of key genes in the insulin signalling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS The analogs were screened for anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic activity using cell-free assays; The ability of analogs to suppress ROS and prevent apoptosis induced by High glucose and uptake glucose and glycogen storage in L6 myotubes was evaluated using DCFH-DA, AO-PI and 2NBDG staining. Further, the glucose uptake was performed in the presence of Insulin Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (IRTK) inhibitors, and the expression of key genes PI3K, Glut-4, GS and IRTK in the insulin signalling pathway were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS The Nimbin analogs were not toxic to the L6 cells, and the analogs could scavenge ROS and suppress cellular damage induced due to high glucose. Enhanced glucose uptake was observed in N2, N5 and N7 compared to N8. The maximum activity of optimum concentration was found to be 100 μM. The N2, N5 and N7 showed an increase in IRTK, which is equivalent to insulin at a concentration of 100 µM. The IRTK inhibitor with Genistein (50 µM) confirmed the presence of IRTK-dependent glucose transport activation; it also supports the expression of key genes PI3K, Glut-4, GS and IRTK. As a result of PI3K activation, N2, N5, and N7 exhibited the insulin-mimetic effect by enhancing glucose uptake and glycogen conversion regulating glucose metabolism. SIGNIFICANCE N2, N5 and N7 could therapeutically benefit against insulin resistance by glucose metabolism modulation, insulin secretion, β-cell stimulation, inhibition of gluconeogenic enzymes and ROS protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Sudhakaran
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravi Rajesh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Pushparathinam Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu District, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Ejike CECC, Ezeorba TPC, Ajah O, Udenigwe CC. Big Things, Small Packages: An Update on Microalgae as Sustainable Sources of Nutraceutical Peptides for Promoting Cardiovascular Health. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2200162. [PMID: 37205928 PMCID: PMC10190598 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In 2017, a review of microalgae protein-derived bioactive peptides relevant in cardiovascular disease (CVD) management was published. Given the rapid evolution of the field, an update is needed to illumininate recent developments and proffer future suggestions. In this review, the scientific literature (2018-2022) is mined for that purpose and the relevant properties of the identified peptides related to CVD are discussed. The challenges and prospects for microalgae peptides are similarly discussed. Since 2018, several publications have independently confirmed the potential to produce microalgae protein-derived nutraceutical peptides. Peptides that reduce hypertension (by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme and endothelial nitric oxide synthase), modulate dyslipidemia and have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have been reported, and characterized. Taken together, future research and development investments in nutraceutical peptides from microalgae proteins need to focus on the challenges of large-scale biomass production, improvement in techniques for protein extraction, peptide release and processing, and the need for clinical trials to validate the claimed health benefits as well as formulation of various consumer products with the novel bioactive ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwunonso E. C. C. Ejike
- Department of Medical BiochemistryFaculty of Basic Medical SciencesAlex Ekwueme Federal UniversityNdufu‐AlikeEbonyi State482131Nigeria
| | - Timothy P. C. Ezeorba
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu State410001Nigeria
| | - Obinna Ajah
- Department of BiochemistryCollege of Natural SciencesMichael Okpara University of AgricultureUmudikeAbia State440101Nigeria
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition SciencesFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioK1H 8M5Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada
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Priya PS, Guru A, Meenatchi R, Haridevamuthu B, Velayutham M, Seenivasan B, Pachaiappan R, Rajagopal R, Kuppusamy P, Juliet A, Arockiaraj J. Syringol, a wildfire residual methoxyphenol causes cytotoxicity and teratogenicity in zebrafish model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:160968. [PMID: 36549541 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural toxicants, particularly methoxy phenols (MPs) generated by wildfire lignin, can accumulate in the environment, and cause serious health hazards in living organisms. Although the toxicity of MPs such as guaiacol and catechol has recently been described, there is minimal evidence of ecotoxicological effects of syringol. As a result, this study focuses on determining the toxicity by evaluating the cytotoxic and teratogenic effects of syringol in vitro and in vivo in human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells and zebrafish embryos, respectively. The ecotoxicity of syringol was predicted to be 63.8 mg/L using the ECOSAR (ECOlogical Structure Activity Relationship) prediction tool, and molecular docking analysis was used to determine the interaction and binding affinities of syringol with human apoptotic proteins in silico. In HEK-293 cells, exposure of syringol (0.5-2 mg/L) has induced cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. In zebrafish larvae, exposure of syringol (0.5-2 mg/L) has induced dose-dependent embryo toxic effects (or growth abnormalities such as yolk sac edema, pericardial edema, skeletal abnormality, and hyperemia), and changes in growth morphometrics (head height, eye, yolk sac, and pericardial area, heart rate) in particular, the heart rate of larvae was found to be significantly decreased (p<0.001). After a 4-day experimental trial, the accumulated concentration of syringol in zebrafish larvae was confirmed both qualitatively (HPLC-MS - High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass spectrometry) and quantitatively (LC-QTOF-HRMS - Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupolar Time of Flight-High Resolution Mass spectrometry). The craniofacial abnormalities induced by syringol exposure (0.5-2 mg/L) were detected as anomalies in cartilaginous development and locomotor deficits using alcian blue staining and locomotor analyses, respectively. Significant increase in oxidative stress parameters (including reactive oxygen species generation, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, lactate dehydrogenase and nitric oxide production) (p<0.001) and substantial decrease in glutathione levels were observed (p<0.05) in syringol exposed zebrafish larvae through enzymatic analysis. Additionally, through acridine orange staining and gene expression analyses, syringol (2 mg/L) was found to activate apoptosis in zebrafish larvae. Considering the cytotoxic, embryotoxic (teratogenicity), and oxidative stress-related apoptotic effects of syringol in the zebrafish model, syringol has the potential to emerge as a potent environmental toxicant posing serious health hazards in many living systems; however, further research on its toxicological effects on the actual ecosystem and in higher animal models is required to confirm its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Snega Priya
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, 600 077 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramu Meenatchi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Haridevamuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikandan Velayutham
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, 600 077, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Boopathi Seenivasan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raman Pachaiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajakrishnan Rajagopal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Palaniselvam Kuppusamy
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Annie Juliet
- Foundation for Aquaculture Innovations and Technology Transfer (FAITT), Thoraipakkam, Chennai 600 097, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Haridevamuthu B, Manjunathan T, Wilson Alphonse CR, Kumar RS, Thanigaivel S, Chandra Kishore S, Sundaram V, Gopinath P, Arockiaraj J, Bellucci S. Functionalized Sulfur-Containing Heterocyclic Analogs Induce Sub-G1 Arrest and Apoptotic Cell Death of Laryngeal Carcinoma In Vitro. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041856. [PMID: 36838844 PMCID: PMC9963856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we speculate that the hydroxyl-containing benzo[b]thiophene analogs, 1-(3-hydroxybenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl) ethanone (BP) and 1-(3-hydroxybenzo[b]thiophen-2-yl) propan-1-one hydrate (EP), might possess antiproliferative activity against cancer cells. Hydroxyl-containing BP and EP show selectivity towards laryngeal cancer cells (HEp2), with IC50 values of 27.02 ± 1.23 and 35.26 ± 2.15 µM, respectively. The hydroxyl group present in the third position is responsible for the anticancer activity and is completely abrogated when the hydroxyl group is masked. BP and EP enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity and reduce the ROS production, which are correlated with the antiproliferative effect in HEp-2 cells. An increase in the BAX/BCL-2 ratio occurs during the BP and EP treatment and activates the caspase cascade, resulting in apoptosis stimulation. It also arrests the cells in the Sub-G1 phase, indicating the induction of apoptosis. The molecular docking and simulation studies predicted a strong interaction between BP and the CYP1A2 protein, which could aid in combinational therapy by enhancing the bioavailability of the drugs. BP and EP possess an antioxidant property with low antiproliferative effects (~5.18 µg/mL and ~7.8 µg/mL) as a standalone drug, therefore, they can be combined with other drugs for effective chemotherapy that might trigger the effect of pro-oxidant drug on healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Haridevamuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tamilvelan Manjunathan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Carlton Ranjith Wilson Alphonse
- Molecular and Nanomedicine Research Unit, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendran Saravana Kumar
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Chennai Campus, Chennai 600127, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundaram Thanigaivel
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Somasundaram Chandra Kishore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vickram Sundaram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pushparathinam Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (J.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (J.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Stefano Bellucci
- INFN—Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (J.A.); (S.B.)
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Priya PS, Vaishnavi S, Pavithra V, Pachaiappan R, Barathkumar S, O.Almutairi B, Arokiyaraj S, Arockiaraj J. Graphene oxide decorated daidzein as an oral drug to ameliorate the oxidative stress and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in vivo zebrafish model. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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10
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Sarkar P, Raju SV, Velayutham M, Guru A, Pasupuleti M, Al Olayan EM, Boushra AF, Juliet A, Arockiaraj J. A synthetic antioxidant molecule, GP13 derived from cysteine desulfurase of spirulina, Arthrospira platensis exhibited anti-diabetic activity on L6 rat skeletal muscle cells through GLUT-4 pathway. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY - SCIENCE 2023; 35:102450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
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Hu F, Ye Z, Zhang W, Fang D, Cao J. Decipher the molecular evolution and expression patterns of Cupin family genes in oilseed rape. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:437-452. [PMID: 36549611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cupin proteins are involved in plant growth and development as well as in response to various stresses. Here, a total of 173 Cupin genes were identified in Brassica napus, and their molecular evolution and expression patterns were analyzed. These genes were classified into ten groups. Motif and exon-intron structure indicated a high degree of conservation within each group during evolution. BnaCupins were distributed on 19 chromosomes and their expansion is mainly contributed by whole-genome duplication (WGD) and segmental duplication events. BnaCupins have undergone severe purifying selection during a long evolutionary process. Meanwhile, some positive selection sites were identified. Expression patterns and cis-element analysis indicated that BnaCupins play significant roles in plant growth and stress responses. In addition, the expression levels of some BnCupins were significantly altered when treated with different conditions (cold, salt, drought, IAA, ABA, and 6-BA). Some BnaCupin interacting proteins, such as glycosyl hydrolase5 (GHs5), carbohydrate kinase (CHKs), ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase (ATP-PFK), S-adenosylmethionine synthase (S-MAT), and aldolase class II (ALD II), were identified by the protein-protein interaction network. It will contribute to enriching our knowledge of the Cupin gene family in B. napus and provide a basis for further studies of their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyi Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weimeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Da Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Guru A, Manjunathan T, Sudhakaran G, Juliet A, Gopinath P, Arockiaraj J. 6-Gingerdione Reduces Apoptotic Conditions in HepG2 Cells and Inhibits Inflammatory Cytokine Gene Expression in Alcoholic Liver Injured Zebrafish Larvae. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200959. [PMID: 36574474 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant natural products and their analogs especially phenolic compounds, exhibit diverse biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Ginger which is widely used worldwide for various beneficial effects also contains several phenolic antioxidants, and 6-gingerol is one of the natural products studied extensively. However, the molecular mechanism of synthetically synthesized 6-gingerdione (compound 1) from 6-gingerol was not known. In this study, compound 1 and methylated 6-gingerdione (compound 2) were obtained semi synthetically from 6-gingerol. Compound 1 and 2 are subjected to SwissADME prediction. Then the protective effect of compound 1 was analyzed in 2 % EtOH induced HepG2 cells and zebrafish larvae. Hydroxyl and nitric oxide scavenging assays reveal that compound 1 showed more antioxidant activity than compound 2 at 50 μM. Moreover, compound 1 exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity via lipoxygenase inhibition and proteinase inhibition. Apoptosis and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells were induced by 2 % EtOH and treated with compound 1. Compound 1 significantly inhibited the EtOH induced nitric oxide production, apoptosis, and ROS generation in HepG2 cells. Encouraged by the in-vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, compound 1 was then investigated for its protective effect in 2 % EtOH induced ALD zebrafish larva. Compound 1 protected the zebrafish larvae from liver injury by suppressing inflammatory (COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-1β) and lipogenic genes (C/EBP-α, SREBP1, and IL-1β) while upregulating the antioxidant gene. Our findings indicate that compound 1 synthesized from 6-gingerol ameliorated liver injury that likely, contributes to its potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Guru
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tamilvelan Manjunathan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gokul Sudhakaran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Annie Juliet
- Foundation for Aquaculture Innovations and Technology Transfer (FAITT), Thoraipakkam, Chennai 600 097, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pushparathinam Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Guru A, Arockiaraj J. Exposure to environmental pollutant bisphenol A causes oxidative damage and lipid accumulation in Zebrafish larvae: Protective role of WL15 peptide derived from cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23223. [PMID: 36106391 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to obesity causing Bisphenol A in various ways, especially through diet and food containers. Bioactive peptides are already reported to have antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiobesity properties, which can mimic the role of mediators involved in obesity prevention. The protective effect of a short molecule or peptide, WL15 from cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 of a teleost of aquatic resource on Bisphenol A (BPA)-induced lipid accumulation in zebrafish larvae was investigated. BPA exposure disrupted the antioxidant enzymes, apoptosis, and nitric oxide and led to changes in biochemical markers including alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, lipid peroxidation, glutathione S-transferases, glutathione peroxidase, and reduced glutathione. However, WL15 inhibited the overproduction of oxidative stress, which correlates with its lipid-lowering potential. BPA-induced lipid accumulation in zebrafish showed an increase in triglyceride, cholesterol, and glucose level; simultaneously, WL15 treatment significantly reduced such accumulation in zebrafish. Evidenced by Oil red O staining and Nile red assay, WL15 inhibited lipid accumulation. At the same time, WL15 at 50 µM increases 2-(N-[7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl]amino)-2-deoxy-d-glucose (2NBDG) glucose uptake in zebrafish. In addition, gene expression studies in zebrafish larvae demonstrated that the WL15 peptide could play a crucial role in preventing lipid accumulation by downregulating the expression of lipogenesis-specific genes. These results revealed an interesting and novel property of WL15, suggesting its potential application in preventing lipid accumulation through the hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Guru
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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14
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Singh M, Guru A, Sudhakaran G, Pachaiappan R, Mahboob S, Al-Ghanim KA, Al-Misned F, Juliet A, Gobi M, Arokiaraj J. Copper sulfate induced toxicological impact on in-vivo zebrafish larval model protected due to acacetin via anti-inflammatory and glutathione redox mechanism. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 262:109463. [PMID: 36087706 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Copper sulfate (CuSO4) as industrial effluent is intentionally or unintentionally released into water bodies and accumulates in the fish. Because of its numerous applications, CuSO4 can be hazardous to non-target creatures, producing direct alterations in fish habitats. Acacetin is a flavonoid present in all vascular plants that are extensively dispersed in plant pigments and responsible for many natural hues. However, the impact of acacetin on mitigating the toxic effect of CuSO4 in the in-vivo conditions is not known. The toxicity of acacetin was determined by measuring the survival, deformities and heart rate after treatment with various concentrations to larvae. The protective effect of acacetin was also observed in CuSO4 exposed zebrafish larvae by reducing malformation, mortality rate and oxidative stress. Meanwhile, the acacetin-protected larvae from CuSO4 effects through the molecular mechanism by suppressing pro-inflammatory genes (COX-2, TNF-α and IL-1) and upregulating antioxidant genes (GPx, GST and GR). Overall, our findings suggest that acacetin can act as a protective barrier against CuSO4-induced inflammation in an in-vivo zebrafish larval model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gokul Sudhakaran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raman Pachaiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - K A Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - F Al-Misned
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Annie Juliet
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, University Station A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Muthukaruppan Gobi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jesu Arokiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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15
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Sudhakaran G, Rajesh R, Murugan R, Velayutham M, Guru A, Boopathi S, Muthupandian S, Gopinath P, Arockiaraj J. Nimbin analog
N2
alleviates high testosterone induced oxidative stress in
CHO
cells and alters the expression of
Tox3
and
Dennd1a
signal transduction pathway involved in the
PCOS
zebrafish. Phytother Res 2022; 37:1449-1461. [PMID: 36450691 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that causes enlargement of ovaries and follicular maturation arrest, which lacks efficient treatment. N2, a semi-natural triterpenoid from the neem family, was already reported to have antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties in our previous report. This study investigated the anti-androgenic property of N2 on testosterone-induced oxidative stress in Chinese Hamster Ovarian cells (CHO) and PCOS zebrafish model. The testosterone exposure disrupted the antioxidant enzymes and ROS level and enhanced the apoptosis in both CHO cells and PCOS zebrafish. However, N2 significantly protected the CHO cells from ROS and apoptosis. N2 improved the Gonado somatic index (GSI) and upregulated the expression of the SOD enzyme in zebrafish ovaries. Moreover, the testosterone-induced follicular maturation arrest was normalized by N2 treatment in histopathology studies. In addition, the gene expression studies of Tox3 and Denndla in zebrafish demonstrated that N2 could impair PCOS condition. Furthermore, to confirm the N2 activity, the in-silico studies were performed against PCOS susceptible genes Tox3 and Dennd1a using molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations. The results suggested that N2 alleviated the oxidative stress and apoptosis in-vitro and in-vivo and altered the expression of PCOS key genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Sudhakaran
- Department of Biotechnology College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Ravi Rajesh
- Department of Chemistry College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Raghul Murugan
- Department of Biotechnology College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Manikandan Velayutham
- Department of Biotechnology College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS Chennai India
| | - Seenivasan Boopathi
- Department of Biotechnology College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Saravanan Muthupandian
- AMR and Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Chennai India
| | - Pushparathinam Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India
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16
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Velayutham M, Haridevamuthu B, Elsadek MF, Rizwana H, Juliet A, Karuppiah KM, Arockiaraj J. S-adenosylmethionine synthase-derived GR15 peptide suppresses proliferation of breast cancer cells by upregulating the caspase-mediated apoptotic pathway: In vitro and in silico analyses. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY - SCIENCE 2022; 34:102354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
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17
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Velayutham M, Sarkar P, Sudhakaran G, Al-Ghanim KA, Maboob S, Juliet A, Guru A, Muthupandian S, Arockiaraj J. Anti-Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of a Short Molecule, PS14 Derived from the Virulent Cellulose Binding Domain of Aphanomyces invadans, on Human Laryngeal Epithelial Cells and an In Vivo Zebrafish Embryo Model. Molecules 2022; 27:7333. [PMID: 36364155 PMCID: PMC9654460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities of PS14, a short peptide derived from the cellulase binding domain of pathogenic fungus, Aphanomyces invadans, have been evaluated, in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis of PS14 revealed the physicochemical properties and the web-based predictions, which indicate that PS14 is non-toxic, and it has the potential to elicit anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities. These in silico results were experimentally validated through in vitro (L6 or Hep-2 cells) and in vivo (zebrafish embryo or larvae) models. Experimental results showed that PS14 is non-toxic in L6 cells and the zebrafish embryo, and it elicits an antitumor effect Hep-2 cells and zebrafish embryos. Anticancer activity assays, in terms of MTT, trypan blue and LDH assays, showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on cell proliferation. Moreover, in the epithelial cancer cells and zebrafish embryos, the peptide challenge (i) caused significant changes in the cytomorphology and induced apoptosis; (ii) triggered ROS generation; and (iii) showed a significant up-regulation of anti-cancer genes including BAX, Caspase 3, Caspase 9 and down-regulation of Bcl-2, in vitro. The anti-inflammatory activity of PS14 was observed in the cell-free in vitro assays for the inhibition of proteinase and lipoxygenase, and heat-induced hemolysis and hypotonicity-induced hemolysis. Together, this study has identified that PS14 has anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities, while being non-toxic, in vitro and in vivo. Future experiments can focus on the clinical or pharmacodynamics aspects of PS14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Velayutham
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Purabi Sarkar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Jain Deemed-to-be University, Bangalore 560 066, Karnataka, India
| | - Gokul Sudhakaran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Shahid Maboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Annie Juliet
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Muthupandian
- AMR and Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciencess (SIMATS), Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
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18
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Guru A, Sudhakaran G, Almutairi MH, Almutairi BO, Juliet A, Arockiaraj J. β-cells regeneration by WL15 of cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 which reduces alloxan induced β-cell dysfunction and oxidative stress through phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and insulin pathway in zebrafish in-vivo larval model. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:11867-11879. [PMID: 36224446 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07882-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic β-cells are susceptible to oxidative stress, leading to β-cell death and dysfunction due to enhanced ROS levels and type 2 diabetes. To inhibit the β-cells damages induced by the oxidative stress, the present study investigates the beneficial effect of various peptides (WL15, RF13, RW20, IW13 and MF18) of immune related proteins (cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2, histone acetyltransferase, vacuolar protein sorting associated protein 26B, serine threonine-protein kinase and CxxC zinc finger protein, respectively). Also, the molecular mechanism of WL15 from cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 on β-cell regeneration was identified through PEPCK and insulin pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, a total of five peptides including WL15, RF13, RW20, IW13, and MF18 were derived from immune-related proteins such as cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2, histone acetyltransferase, vacuolar protein sorting associated protein 26B, serine threonine-protein kinase and CxxC zinc finger protein, respectively. These protein sequences were obtained from an earlier constructed transcriptome database of a teleost Channa striatus. The identified peptides were evaluated for their antioxidant as well as antidiabetic activity. Based on the in silico analysis and in-vitro screening experiments, WL15 was predicted to have better antioxidant and antidiabetic activity among the five different peptides. Therefore, WL15 alone was further analyzed for apoptosis, antioxidant capacity, glucose metabolism, and gene expression performance, which was investigated on the alloxan (500 µM) induced zebrafish in vivo larval model. RESULTS The results showed alloxan exposure to zebrafish larvae for a day, the ROS was generated in the β-cells. Interestingly, WL15 treatment showed a protective effect by reducing the toxicity of alloxan exposed zebrafish larvae by increasing their survival and heart rate. Moreover, WL15 reduced the intracellular ROS level and apoptosis in alloxan-induced larvae. The superoxide anion and lipid peroxidation levels are also reduced by improving the glutathione content after the WL15 treatment. Besides, WL15 treatment increased the proliferation rate of β-cells and decreased the glucose level. Further, the gene expression studies revealed that WL15 treatment normalized the PEPCK expression while upregulating the insulin expression in alloxan exposed larvae. CONCLUSION Overall, the findings indicate that WL15 of cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2 can act as a potential antioxidant for type 2 diabetes patients in respect of improving β-cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Guru
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gokul Sudhakaran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box: 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Annie Juliet
- Foundation for Aquaculture Innovations and Technology Transfer (FAITT), Thoraipakkam, Chennai, 600 097, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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19
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Kumar IP, Snega Priya P, Meenatchi R, Oyouni AAA, Al-Amer OM, Aljohani SAS, Pashameah RA, Hamadi A, Alanazi MA, Arockiaraj J. Potential mechanism of Jatropha gossypifolia phenolic derivatives in enhancing insulin-signalling cascades GLUT 4, IRβ and GSK-3β in streptozotocin nicotinamide induced type II diabetic in wistar rat model. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY - SCIENCE 2022; 34:102223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
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20
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Murugan R, Rajesh R, Velayutham M, Juliet A, Gopinath P, Arockiaraj J. Deacetyl epoxyazadiradione protects aminoglycoside antibiotic-induced renal cell apoptosis, in vitro. Cell Biol Int 2022; 47:123-134. [PMID: 36177496 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Aminoglycoside antibiotics such as gentamicin are used frequently to treat bacterial infections in humans. Excessive consumption of these antibiotics lead to renal dysfunction. One of the factors contributing to renal dysfunction is oxidative damage, which causes apoptosis. Hence, this study investigates the effect of the antioxidant compound deacetyl epoxyazadiradione (DEA) in reducing cell death induced by gentamicin treatment in kidney cells (Madin-Darby canine kidney cells). The antioxidant experiments showed that reactive oxygen species level is decreased up to 27.06 ± 0.18% in 150 µM of DEA treatment. At this concentration, the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase increased from 0.4 ± 0.04 to 1.46 ± 0.05 µmol/min/L and catalase increased from 7.48 ± 0.39 to 17.6 ± 0.74 U/mg. The relative folds of gene expression of mitochondrial enzymes such as GST, GPx and GR restored from 0.596 ± 0.019, 0.521 ± 0.013 and 0.775 ± 0.014 to 0.866 ± 0.013, 0.669 ± 0.015 and 0.8615 ± 0.028, respectively. Consequently, the percentage of cell viability increases upto 91.8 ± 2.01 from 61.93 ± 1.63 with much less fragmentation in genomic DNA. Additionally, molecular docking results showed that DEA could bind to Bax, Bcl- 2, Caspase- 3 and Caspase- 9 proteins. These results indicate that DEA could reduce cell apoptosis by reducing oxidative stress due to antibiotics and interrupting the apoptotic signal pathway in kidney cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghul Murugan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravi Rajesh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikandan Velayutham
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Annie Juliet
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Pushparathinam Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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21
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Murugan R, Rajesh R, Guru A, Haridevamuthu B, Almutairi BO, Almutairi MH, Juliet A, Renganayagi S, Gopinath P, Arockiaraj J. Deacetylepoxyazadiradione Derived from Epoxyazadiradione of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Fruits Mitigates LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Zebrafish Larvae. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200041. [PMID: 36026548 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by cell metabolism have a duplex role in oxidation and inflammation reactions which involve cell damage or repair responses. Excess ROS production has detrimental effects on the survival of cells. We examined the protective effect of a semi-natural compound NF2 (deacetylepoxyazadiradione), for its protective activity against free radical-mediated stress and inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using zebrafish larvae. Preliminary antioxidant assays indicated an increase in scavenging of free radicals from NF2 than NF1 (Epoxyazadiradione) in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell cytotoxicity was determined using rat myoblast cell lines (L6), and more than 95 % of cell viability was obtained. Zebrafish developmental toxicity test indicated that NF2 is not toxic even at 150 μM. The percentage of ROS, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and apoptosis were reduced significantly in NF2 treated LPS-stressed zebrafish larvae. The reduced number of employed macrophages on NF2 treatment was observed in neutral red dye-marked macrophage localization images. Relative expression of antioxidant genes in zebrafish larvae after treatment with NF2 is significantly increased. The RT-PCR quantification of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory gene expression indicated decreased relative folds of pro-inflammatory cytokines, iNOS and increased relative folds of mitochondrial antioxidant genes (GR, GST and GPx) in LPS stressed zebrafish larvae after treatment with NF2. From the overall obtained results, it can be concluded that NF2 reduced the oxidative stress and inflammatory response by scavenging free radicals caused by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghul Murugan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravi Rajesh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Haridevamuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Annie Juliet
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A4800, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - S Renganayagi
- Department of Advanced Zoology and Biotechnology, Chellammal Women's College, Guindy, Chennai, 600 032, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pushparathinam Gopinath
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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22
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Serine O-acetyltransferase derived NV14 peptide reduces cytotoxicity in H 2O 2 induced MDCK cells and inhibits MCF-7 cell proliferation through caspase gene expression. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9205-9215. [PMID: 35941417 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most of the bioactive peptides exhibit antioxidant effect and do elicit inhibitory effect on proliferation of cancer cells. This study investigates the in-vitro antioxidant and anti-cancer properties of NV14 peptide, derived from serine O-acetyltransferase (SAT) of spirulina, Arthrospira platensis. METHODS The anti-cancer effect of the peptide was evaluated using human adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (MCF-7), while the anti-oxidant potential, as in reduction in ROS concentration, has been established using the H2O2-exposed, Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. The outcome of the in vitro analyses has been evaluated by in silico molecular docking analyses. RESULTS The peptide, dose-dependently, reduced oxidative stress as well as cell proliferation. Besides, based on the binding scores between NV14 peptide and the important proteins associated with apoptosis and antioxidant defense, it is evident that the peptide has antioxidant and anti-cancer effect, in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Together, this study demonstrates that NV14 has a potent antioxidant and anti-cancer capability; however, further direction needs to be focused on clinical or pharmacodynamics aspects.
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Guru A, Sudhakaran G, Velayutham M, Murugan R, Pachaiappan R, Mothana RA, Noman OM, Juliet A, Arockiaraj J. Daidzein normalized gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and associated pro-inflammatory cytokines in MDCK and zebrafish: Possible mechanism of nephroprotection. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 258:109364. [PMID: 35523404 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the therapeutic activity of daidzein, an isoflavone that occurs naturally in plants and herbs, against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells in-vitro and zebrafish model in-vivo. The in-vitro studies revealed that daidzein protected MDCK cells from gentamicin-induced inflammation by suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis. The zebrafish were divided into groups and injected with gentamicin (140 mg/mL) to induce nephrotoxic conditions. After injection, renal dysfunction, nitric oxide production, antioxidant consumption, exaggerated apoptosis, and inflammation were all observed in the zebrafish model. We also observed that during kidney inflammation in zebrafish, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as cyclooxygenase (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are upregulated. Furthermore, daidzein treatment after gentamicin injection showed a strong protective anti-inflammatory effect. Daidzein activity was associated with an increase in antioxidant biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GSH), whereas lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO) production were decreased in a dose-dependent factor. Moreover, histopathological alteration caused by gentamicin in zebrafish kidneys was normalized due to daidzein treatment. Daidzein also downregulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines gene expression in gentamicin-induced kidney inflammation in zebrafish. These results revealed that daidzein could potentially prevent nephrotoxic conditions through pro-inflammatory cytokines inhibition and its antioxidant property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Guru
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gokul Sudhakaran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikandan Velayutham
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raghul Murugan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raman Pachaiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramzi A Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar M Noman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Annie Juliet
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, University Station A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Lite C, Guru A, Juliet M, Arockiaraj J. Embryonic exposure to butylparaben and propylparaben induced developmental toxicity and triggered anxiety-like neurobehavioral response associated with oxidative stress and apoptosis in the head of zebrafish larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1988-2004. [PMID: 35470536 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are synthetic antimicrobial compounds used as a preservative for extending the shelf life of food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. The alkyl chain length of the paraben esters positively correlates with their antimicrobial property. Hence, long-chain paraben esters, namely butylparaben and propylparaben, are used in combination as they have better solubility and antimicrobial efficacy. Extensive use of parabens has now resulted in the ubiquitous presence of these compounds in various human and environmental matrices. During early life, exposure to environmental contaminants is known to cause oxidative-stress mediated apoptosis in developing organs. The brain being one of the high oxygen-consuming, metabolically active and lipid-rich organ, it is primarily susceptible to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LP) induced neuronal cell death. The primary cause for the impairment in cognitive and emotional neurobehvioural outcomes in neurodegenerative disease was found to be associated with neuronal apoptosis. The present study aimed to study butylparaben and propylparaben's effect on zebrafish during early embryonic stages. Besides this, the association between alteration in anxiety-like neurobehavioral response with oxidative stress and antioxidant status in head region was also studied. The study results showed variation in the toxic signature left by butylparaben and propylparaben on developmental parameters such as hatching rate, survival and non-lethal malformations in a time-dependent manner. Data from the light-dark preference test showed embryonic exposure to butylparaben and propylparaben to trigger anxiety-like behavior in zebrafish larvae. In addition, a significant increase in intracellular ROS and LP levels correlated with suppressed antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and Glutathione (GSH) activity in the head region of the zebrafish larvae. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was also suppressed in the exposed groups, along with increased nitric oxide production. The overall observations show increased oxidative stress indices correlating with upregulated expression of apoptotic cells in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, our findings reveal butylparaben and propylparaben as an anxiogenic neuroactive compound capable of inducing anxiety-like behavior through a mechanism involving oxidative-stress-induced apoptosis in the head of zebrafish larvae, which suggests a potential hazard to the early life of zebrafish and this can be extrapolated to human health as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Lite
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Melita Juliet
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
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25
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Siddhu NSS, Guru A, Satish Kumar RC, Almutairi BO, Almutairi MH, Juliet A, Vijayakumar TM, Arockiaraj J. Pro-inflammatory cytokine molecules from Boswellia serrate suppresses lipopolysaccharides induced inflammation demonstrated in an in-vivo zebrafish larval model. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:7425-7435. [PMID: 35716287 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boswellia serrate is an ancient and highly valued ayurvedic herb. Its extracts have been used in medicine for centuries to treat a wide variety of chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the mechanism by which B. serrata hydro alcoholic extract inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae with LPS-induced inflammation remained unknown. METHODS LC-MS analysis was used to investigate the extract's phytochemical components. To determine the toxicity of B. serrata extract, cytotoxicity and embryo toxicity tests were performed. The in-vivo zebrafish larvae model was used to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of B. serrata extract. RESULTS According to an in silico study using molecular docking and ADMET, the compounds acetyl-11-keto-boswellic and 11-keto-beta-boswellic acid present in the extract had higher binding affinity for the inflammatory specific receptor, and it is predicted to be an orally active molecule. In both in-vitro L6 cells and in-vivo zebrafish larvae, 160 µg/mL concentration of extract caused a high rate of lethality. The extract was found to have a protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation at concentrations ranged between 10 and 80 µg/mL. In zebrafish larvae, 80 µg/mL of treatment significantly lowered the level of intracellular ROS, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide. Similarly, zebrafish larvae treated with B. serrata extract (80 µg/mL) showed an increased anti-inflammatory activity by lowering inflammatory specific gene expression (iNOS, TNF-α, COX-2, and IL-1). CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings suggest that B. serrata can act as a potent redox scavenger against LPS-induced inflammation in zebrafish larvae and an inhibitor of specific inflammatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sai Supra Siddhu
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, 603 203, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, 603203, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajappan Chandra Satish Kumar
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, 603 203, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Annie Juliet
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, University Station A4800, 78712, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Thangavel Mahalingam Vijayakumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, 603 203, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, 603203, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Molecular Docking of SA11, RF13 and DI14 Peptides from Vacuolar Protein Sorting Associated Protein 26B Against Cancer Proteins and In vitro Investigation of its Anticancer Potency in Hep-2 Cells. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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27
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Guru A, Velayutham M, Arockiaraj J. Lipid-Lowering and Antioxidant Activity of RF13 Peptide From Vacuolar Protein Sorting-Associated Protein 26B (VPS26B) by Modulating Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in HFD Induced Obesity in Zebrafish Larvae. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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28
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Velayutham M, Sarkar P, Rajakrishnan R, Kuppusamy P, Juliet A, Arockiaraj J. Antiproliferation of MP12 derived from a fungus, Aphanomyces invadans virulence factor, cysteine-rich trypsin inhibitor on human laryngeal epithelial cells, and in vivo zebrafish embryo model. Toxicon 2022; 210:100-108. [PMID: 35217022 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Peptide-based drug development is an emerging and promising approach in cancer therapeutics. The present study focuses on understanding the mechanism of MP12 peptide (MDNHVCIPLCPP) derived from cysteine-rich trypsin inhibitor protein of virulence factor of pathogenic fungus Aphanomyces invadans. MP12 is involved in antiproliferative activity against the human laryngeal epithelial cell (Hep-2), demonstrated in this study. MP12 sequence showed a significant binding score and has multiple hydrogen bond interactions with the proteins that play a vital role in apoptotic pathways such as Bcl-2, caspase-3, caspase-7, and XIAP. Based on the bioinformatics characterization and molecular docking result, further study was focused on MP12 antiproliferative activity. The peptide showed a dose-dependent inhibition against Hep-2 cell line proliferation, analyzed over MTT and neutral red uptake assays. The IC50 value of the MP12 peptide was calculated based on the antiproliferative property (24.7 ± 0.34 μM). MP12 treated Hep-2 cells showed significant shrinkage in cell morphology compared to untreated cells, inhibiting the cell cycle. The gene expression analysis validated that the MP12 significantly upregulates the caspase-3, caspase-7, and caspase-9 genes. The developmental toxicity study using zebrafish embryos as in vivo model proved that the MP12 is nontoxic. Based on the obtained results, we proposed that the peptide MP12 derived from cysteine-rich trypsin inhibitor protein of virulence molecule of pathogenic fungus have a potential antiproliferative activity. However, further clinical trials need to be focused on the mechanism and therapeutic application against laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Velayutham
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Purabi Sarkar
- School of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Jain Deemed-to-be University, Whitefield, Bangalore, 560 066, Karnataka, India
| | - R Rajakrishnan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Palaniselvam Kuppusamy
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Annie Juliet
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A4800, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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29
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Issac PK, Velayutham M, Guru A, Sudhakaran G, Pachaiappan R, Arockiaraj J. Protective effect of morin by targeting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species induced by hydrogen peroxide demonstrated at a molecular level in MDCK epithelial cells. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4269-4279. [PMID: 35182324 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of diabetic nephropathy is aided by the presence of oxidative stress. Morin, a natural flavonoid molecule, has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties. However, little is known about the mechanism of its protective effect in diabetic nephropathy pathogenesis caused by oxidative stress. METHODS Using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells as a working model, the current study investigates the detailed mechanism of morin's beneficial action. In hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stressed MDCK cells, there was a considerable rise in intracellular ROS and decreased antioxidant enzyme levels. RESULTS Morin has a higher binding affinity for the antioxidant receptor; according to in silico study using molecular docking and ADMET, it is predicted to be an orally active molecule. While morin administration increased SOD and CAT activity in oxidative stress-induced MDCK cells, it also reduced mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis. Furthermore, the present study discovered the molecular mechanism through which morin reduced oxidative stress in MDCK cells by upregulating antioxidant enzyme molecules including GST, GPx, and GCS. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that morin reduces H2O2-induced oxidative stress, reduces DNA oxidative damage, and prevents the depletion of antioxidant genes in MDCK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Issac
- Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602 105, India
| | - Manikandan Velayutham
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Gokul Sudhakaran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Raman Pachaiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India. .,Foundation for Aquaculture Innovations and Technology Transfer (FAITT), Thoraipakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 097, India.
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