1
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Heger LA, Schommer N, Fukui S, Van Bruggen S, Sheehy CE, Chu L, Rajagopal S, Sivanandhan D, Ewenstein B, Wagner DD. Inhibition of protein arginine deiminase 4 prevents inflammation-mediated heart failure in arthritis. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302055. [PMID: 37500179 PMCID: PMC10374941 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a prototypic inflammatory condition with affected patients being at greater risk of incident heart failure (HF). Targeting innate immune cell function in the pathogenesis of HF bears the potential to guide the development of future therapies. A collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model in DBA/1 J mice was used to generate arthritis. Mice with CIA developed concentric hypertrophic myocardial remodeling, left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction, and HF with elevated plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels but preserved LV ejection fraction. Key features of HF in CIA were increased infiltration of activated neutrophils, deposition of neutrophil extracellular traps in the myocardium, and increased tissue levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Specific inhibition of protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) by an orally available inhibitor (JBI-589), administered after the onset of clinical arthritis, prevented HF with reduced neutrophil infiltration. We identify PAD4-mediated neutrophil activation and recruitment as the key thromboinflammatory pathway driving HF development in arthritis. Targeting PAD4 may be a viable therapeutic approach for the prevention of HF secondary to chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas A Heger
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Departement of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Freiburg Bad Krozingen, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Schommer
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Departement of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Freiburg Bad Krozingen, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shoichi Fukui
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stijn Van Bruggen
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center of Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Science, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Casey E Sheehy
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Long Chu
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Bruce Ewenstein
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Denisa D Wagner
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Delgado-Arévalo C, Calvet-Mirabent M, Triguero-Martínez A, Vázquez de Luis E, Benguría-Filippini A, Largo R, Calzada-Fraile D, Popova O, Sánchez-Cerrillo I, Tsukalov I, Moreno-Vellisca R, de la Fuente H, Herrero-Beaumont G, Ramiro A, Sánchez-Madrid F, Castañeda S, Dopazo A, González Álvaro I, Martin-Gayo E. NLRC4-mediated activation of CD1c+ DC contributes to perpetuation of synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis. JCI Insight 2022; 7:152886. [PMID: 36194479 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The individual contribution of specific myeloid subsets such as CD1c+ conventional DC (cDC) to perpetuation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathology remains unclear. In addition, the specific innate sensors driving pathogenic activation of CD1c+ cDC in patients with RA and their functional implications have not been characterized. Here, we assessed phenotypical, transcriptional, and functional characteristics of CD1c+ and CD141+ cDC and monocytes from the blood and synovial fluid of patients with RA. Increased levels of CCR2 and the IgG receptor CD64 on circulating CD1c+ cDC was associated with the presence of this DC subset in the synovial membrane in patients with RA. Moreover, synovial CD1c+ cDC are characterized by increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines and high abilities to induce pathogenic IFN-γ+IL-17+CD4+ T cells in vitro. Finally, we identified the crosstalk between Fcγ receptors and NLRC4 as a potential molecular mechanism mediating pathogenic activation, CD64 upregulation, and functional specialization of CD1c+ cDC in response to dsDNA-IgG in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Delgado-Arévalo
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Calvet-Mirabent
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Triguero-Martínez
- Rheumatology Department from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Raquel Largo
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Rheumatology Service, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Calzada-Fraile
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Popova
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ildefonso Sánchez-Cerrillo
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ilya Tsukalov
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Hortensia de la Fuente
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Almudena Ramiro
- Biology Laboratory, The National Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain.,Biology Laboratory, The National Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Rheumatology Department from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain.,Cátedra UAM-Roche, EPID-Future, Department of Medicine, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Dopazo
- Genomic Unit, The National Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidoro González Álvaro
- Rheumatology Department from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Martin-Gayo
- Immunology Unit from Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Medicine Faculty, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Instituto Investigación Sanitaria-Princesa IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER Infectious Diseases, Madrid, Spain
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3
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The Impact of Curcumin on the Inflammatory Profile of SW982 Cells in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Model. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:1208970. [PMID: 35450396 PMCID: PMC9018200 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1208970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases, affecting approximately 1% of the total global population. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol is a substance that could potentially mitigate the course of this disease. To evaluate curcumin's anti-inflammatory impact on synoviocytes in the RA model, a set of experiments was conducted on SW982 cells, stimulated by IL-1β, IL-6, or TNF-α to emulate inflammation. During the research, the curcumin effect was evaluated by measuring cell survivability, expression of MMP1 gene, subcellular localization of P70S6K1 protein, and its phosphorylated form and amount of produced IL-6 and TNF-α. Results of conducted experiments presented a positive impact of curcumin on synoviocytes in the RA model, by reducing SW982 cells' survivability, decreasing levels of MMP1 gene expression and TNF-α protein production, which altogether confirm beneficial effects of the curcumin therapy in a RA in vitro model.
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Makuch S, Więcek K, Woźniak M. The Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Curcumin on Immune Cell Populations, Cytokines, and In Vivo Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040309. [PMID: 33915757 PMCID: PMC8065689 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a widespread chronic autoimmune disorder affecting the joints, causing irreversible cartilage, synovium, and bone degradation. During the course of the disease, many immune and joint cells are activated, causing inflammation. Immune cells including macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, mast cells, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells, as well as synovial tissue cells, like fibroblast-like synoviocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoclasts secrete different proinflammatory factors, including many cytokines, angiogenesis-stimulating molecules and others. Recent studies reveal that curcumin, a natural dietary anti-inflammatory compound, can modulate the response of the cells engaging in RA course. This review comprises detailed data about the pathogenesis and inflammation process in rheumatoid arthritis and demonstrates scientific investigations about the molecular interactions between curcumin and immune cells responsible for rheumatoid arthritis development to discuss this herbal drug’s immunoregulatory role in RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Makuch
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Kamil Więcek
- Department of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Marta Woźniak
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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5
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Kolarz B, Ciesla M, Dryglewska M, Majdan M. Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase Type 4 Gene Promoter Hypo-Methylation in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072049. [PMID: 32629762 PMCID: PMC7408948 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein citrullination is carried out by peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 (PAD4) enzyme. As a consequence of this process, post-translationally modified proteins are formed that become antigens for anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA). The study aimed at identifying whether the PADI4 gene is subject to epigenetic regulation through methylation of its promoter region, whether the degree of methylation differs in healthy individuals vs. rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and changes in correlation with ACPA, anti-PAD4 and disease activity. A total of 125 RA patients and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. Quantitative real-time methylation-specific PCR was used to analyze the methylation status. ACPA and anti-PAD4 antibodies were determined in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent immunoassay. The differences were observed in the degree of PADI4 gene promoter methylation between RA patients and HC, along with an upward trend for the methylation in RA, which was inversely proportional to the disease activity. A weak or modest negative correlation between the degree of PADI4 gene methylation and anti-PAD4, disease activity score (DAS28) and ACPA level has been found. The elevated methylation is associated with lower disease activity, lower levels of ACPA and aPAD4. The methylation degree in this area is growing up during effective treatment and might play a role in the RA pathophysiology and therefore could be a future therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Kolarz
- College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, al. Kopisto 2A/24, 35-359 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-501-549-606
| | - Marek Ciesla
- College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, al. Kopisto 2A/24, 35-359 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Dryglewska
- Department of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Disease, Medical University of Lublin, al. Raclawickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Majdan
- Department of Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Disease, Medical University of Lublin, al. Raclawickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (M.D.); (M.M.)
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6
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Desclos-Theveniau M, Bonnaure-Mallet M, Meuric V. [Protein arginine deiminase of oral microbiome plays a causal role in the polyarthritis rheumatoid initiating]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:465-471. [PMID: 32452368 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the association between the periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been established, suggesting that oral microbiome plays a causal role by initiating this chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of articulation. Both pathogenesis are similar in term of chronic inflammation, tissue breakdown and bone resorption. Molecular aspects have also revealed that citrullination, a post-translational modification catalyzed by peptidyl-arginine deiminases (PADs), is involved in both diseases. For RA, citrullinated proteins production leads to the synthesis the of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies triggering the loss of immune tolerance. In humans, five PADs have been identified. Recently, studies have found that only Porphyromonas species possess PAD. Thus, a major periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis, is able to generate citrullinated epitopes, and could consequently induce anti-citrullinated protein antibodies. In this review, citrullination process, periodontitis and RA are described to put them in relation with molecular, clinical and epidemiological studies establishing the association between periodontitis and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Desclos-Theveniau
- Inserm, INRAE, Univ Rennes 1, CHU de Rennes, Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer, 2 avenue du professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Martine Bonnaure-Mallet
- Inserm, INRAE, Univ Rennes 1, CHU de Rennes, Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer, 2 avenue du professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Meuric
- Inserm, INRAE, Univ Rennes 1, CHU de Rennes, Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer, 2 avenue du professeur Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes, France
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7
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Diagnostic contribution of HLA-A,B,C,DR genotyping in inflammatory joint disease. Joint Bone Spine 2018; 85:511-513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Hauser B, Harre U. The Role of Autoantibodies in Bone Metabolism and Bone Loss. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:522-532. [PMID: 29204673 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many autoimmune diseases are associated with deranged bone metabolism. The resulting localized or systemic bone loss can compromise the quality of life of patients by causing local bone deformities or fragility fractures. There is emerging evidence that antibodies have a direct impact on key players of bone homeostasis, in particular osteoclasts. Clinical and pre-clinical studies provide insight into the function of autoantibodies related to Rheumatoid Arthritis (rheumatoid factor, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, and anti-carbamylated protein antibodies) and their inflammation-independent interaction with bone cells. Furthermore, we summarize the current knowledge about neutralizing antibodies to the antiresorptive protein osteoprotegerin, which have been described in patients with Coeliac Disease, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Spondyloarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hauser
- Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ulrike Harre
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
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10
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Immunomodulation of RA Patients' PBMC with a Multiepitope Peptide Derived from Citrullinated Autoantigens. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3916519. [PMID: 28751821 PMCID: PMC5497640 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3916519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrullinated peptides are used for measuring anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Accumulation of citrullinated proteins in the inflamed synovium suggests that they may be good targets for inducing peripheral tolerance. In view of the multiplicity of citrullinated autoantigens described as ACPA targets, we generated a multiepitope citrullinated peptide (Cit-ME) from the sequences of major citrullinated autoantigens: filaggrin, β-fibrinogen, vimentin, and collagen type II. We assessed the ability of Cit-ME or the citrullinated β60-74 fibrinogen peptide (β60-74-Fib-Cit) which bears immunodominant citrullinated epitopes (i) to modify cytokine gene expression and (ii) to modulate Treg and Th17 subsets in PBMC derived from newly diagnosed untreated RA patients. RA patient's PBMC incubated with Cit-ME or β60-74-Fib-Cit, showed upregulation of TGF-β expression (16% and 8%, resp.), and increased CD4+Foxp3+ Treg (22% and 19%, resp.). Both peptides were shown to downregulate the TNF-α and IL-1β expression; in addition, Cit-ME reduced CD3+IL17+ T cells. We showed that citrullinated peptides can modulate the expression of anti- and proinflammatory cytokines in PBMC from RA patients as well as the proportions of Treg and Th17 cells. These results indicate that citrullinated peptides could be active in vivo and therefore might be used as immunoregulatory agents in RA patients.
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11
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Dam CE, Houen G, Trier NH. The dependency on neighboring amino acids for reactivity of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies to citrullinated proteins. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2016; 76:417-25. [PMID: 27348081 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2016.1200133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease, associated with the presence of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA). These antibodies have been found in approximately 70% of patients suffering from RA and they are currently used for diagnosis of RA. Although they exhibit an absolute need for citrulline for antibody reactivity, no precise cognate antigen for these antibodies has been determined. In this study, we analyzed the reactivity of ACPA to various citrullinated peptides by modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, in order to determine the dependency of specific amino acids for antibody reactivity. A non-human protein (ovalbumin) and antigens directly related to RA were used as templates for synthesis of non-modified and citrullinated peptides, becoming potential target epitopes. Mainly peptides containing a Cit-Gly motif were recognized by ACPAs, while no particular amino acids N-terminal of citrulline were found to be essential for antibody reactivity. Moreover, ACPA reactivity was not restricted to antigens known to be associated with ACPA-positive RA alone, but also to proteins without relation to RA, primarily illustrating that any protein in theory can be turned into an RA autoantigen, by introducing Cit-Gly motifs. Knowledge about the interaction between ACPAs and their citrullinated targets is important for understanding autoimmune ACPA responses in RA, which are known to contribute to the pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina E Dam
- a Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers , Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Gunnar Houen
- a Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers , Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Nicole H Trier
- a Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers , Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
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12
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Decreased severity of experimental autoimmune arthritis in peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 knockout mice. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016; 17:205. [PMID: 27150598 PMCID: PMC4858923 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-016-1055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 (PADI4) has been identified as a susceptibility gene for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by genome-wide association studies. PADI4 is highly expressed in the bone marrow, macrophages, neutrophils, and monocytes. Peptidyl citrulline is an interesting molecule in RA because it is a target antigen for anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies, and only PADs (translated proteins from PADI genes) can provide peptidyl citrulline via the modification of protein substrates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of the PADI4 gene in the progression of RA. Methods We generated Padi4 knockout (Padi4−/−) DBA1J mice. The Padi4−/− DBA1J and wild-type mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen (CII) to develop collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The expression of various inflammatory cytokines and Padi genes in immune cells was detected by the real-time TaqMan assay. Cytokine concentrations in sera were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Localization of the PAD4 and PAD2 proteins was indicated by immunohistochemistry. Results We demonstrated that the clinical disease score was significantly decreased in the Padi4−/− mice and Padi4 expression was induced by CII immunization. In the Padi4−/− mice, serum anti-type II collagen (CII) immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, and inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly decreased compared with those in the wild-type mice. Padi2 expression was induced in the immune cells of the Padi4−/− mice as a compensation for the defect in Padi4. Conclusions Padi4 affected disease severity in the CIA mice and was involved in the enhancement of the collagen-initiated inflammatory responses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12891-016-1055-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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13
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The effect of B-cell depletion therapy on serological evidence of B-cell and plasmablast activation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis over multiple cycles of rituximab treatment. J Autoimmun 2014; 50:67-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Szili D, Cserhalmi M, Bankó Z, Nagy G, Szymkowski DE, Sármay G. Suppression of innate and adaptive B cell activation pathways by antibody coengagement of FcγRIIb and CD19. MAbs 2014; 6:991-9. [PMID: 24828435 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.28841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fc receptor (FcγRIIb) inhibits B cell responses when coengaged with B cell receptor (BCR), and has become a target for new autoimmune disease therapeutics. For example, BCR and FcγRIIb coengagement via the Fc-engineered anti-CD19 XmAb5871 suppresses humoral immune responses. We now assess effects of XmAb5871 on other activation pathways, including the pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptor, TLR9. Since TLR9 signaling is implicated in autoimmune diseases, we asked if XmAb5871 could inhibit TLR9 costimulation. We show that XmAb5871 decreases ERK and AKT activation, cell proliferation, cytokine, and IgG production induced by BCR and/or TLR9 signals. XmAb5871 also inhibited differentiation of citrullinated peptide-specific plasma cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients. XmAb5871 may therefore have potential to suppress pathogenic B cells in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Szili
- Department of Immunology; Eötvös Loránd University; Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marcell Cserhalmi
- Department of Immunology; Eötvös Loránd University; Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Bankó
- Department of Immunology; Eötvös Loránd University; Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Nagy
- Department of Rheumatology; Polyclinic of the Hospitaller Brothers of St. John of God; Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Autoantibodies to posttranslational modifications in rheumatoid arthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:492873. [PMID: 24782594 PMCID: PMC3981057 DOI: 10.1155/2014/492873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies have been associated with human pathologies for a long time, particularly with autoimmune diseases (AIDs). Rheumatoid factor (RF) is known since the late 1930s to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The discovery of anticitrullinated protein antibodies in the last century has changed this and other posttranslational modifications (PTM) relevant to RA have since been described. Such PTM introduce neoepitopes in proteins that can generate novel autoantibody specificities. The recent recognition of these novel specificities in RA provides a unique opportunity to understand human B-cell development in vivo. In this paper, we will review the three of the main classes of PTMs already associated with RA: citrullination, carbamylation, and oxidation. With the advancement of research methodologies it should be expected that other autoantibodies against PTM proteins could be discovered in patients with autoimmune diseases. Many of such autoantibodies may provide significant biomarker potential.
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16
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Prevalence of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): a case-control study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88177. [PMID: 24516607 PMCID: PMC3917867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPA) have been recognised as the most specific serum marker for rheumatoid arthritis. However, serum autoantibodies such as anti-nuclear antibodies have also been detected in the sera of different lymphatic malignancies without accompanying rheumatologic disease. Therefore, we conducted a study to evaluate the prevalence of ACPA in diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods Sera of 395 DLBCL patients and 258 age-matched healthy controls were investigated to evaluate the prevalence of ACPA and RF. ACPA-positive data were stratified into subgroups of RF positivity and established prognostic parameters for DLBCL, including overall survival. In addition, the ACPA serum concentrations levels were compared to an ACPA-positive RA cohort (n = 175). The statistics were performed with χ2 test and Mann- Whitney-U test; Kaplan-Meyer curves (log rank test) were used to analyse the overall survival. P-value <0.05 was statistically significant. Results ACPA, but not RF, occurred significantly more frequently in the sera of DLBCL patients than in healthy controls (3.5% versus 0.8%, p = 0.030). However, the ACPA serum concentration levels were significantly lower than in RA patients (median 10.4 versus 124.1 U/ml, p = 0.0001). After subgroup stratification, ACPA positivity in DLBCL was significantly associated with male gender (4.4% versus 0%, p = 0.022; odds ratio 1.046, CI 1.014–1.079) and with RF-IgM seropositivity (1.77% versus 0%, p = 0.043), but not with prognostic parameters for DLBCL. Conclusions DLBCL is associated with a significantly higher prevalence of ACPA, with an increased prevalence in male patients, and simultaneous RF-IgM positivity. However, ACPA is not prognostic for DLBCL. The prevalence of RF-IgM, -IgA, or -IgG did not differ from healthy controls.
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Chang X, Xia Y, Pan J, Meng Q, Zhao Y, Yan X. PADI2 is significantly associated with rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81259. [PMID: 24339914 PMCID: PMC3855321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrullination, a posttranslational modification of peptidyl arginine to citrulline, plays an essential role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Citrullination is catalyzed by a group of peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) including PADI 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6. Many studies have indicated that the gene encoding PADI4 is a factor in susceptibility to RA. Some studies have detected PADI2 expression in RA synovial tissues, suggesting that PADI2 also plays an important role in the disease. This study evaluated the possible association between the PADI2-encoding gene and RA. Seventeen tag SNPs across the PAD locus were genotyped using a custom-designed Illumina 96-SNP VeraCode microarray. Peripheral blood samples were collected from patients with RA (n = 267), ankylosing spondylitis (AS, n = 51) and healthy controls (n = 160). The results of genotyping were verified using Sequenom MassARRAY in an independent cohort of 307 patients with RA, 324 patients with AS and 509 healthy controls. A western blot analysis was performed using synovial tissue from patients with RA (n = 7), osteoarthritis (OA, n = 7) and AS (n = 5) to determine the levels of expression of PADI2. A microarray analysis revealed a significant association between three selected PADI2 SNPs (rs2235926, rs2057094, rs2076616) and the presence of RA. The increased susceptibility to RA associated with rs2235926 (OR = 1.706733, 95% CI = [1.576366–1.866587], p = 0.000839) and rs2057094 (OR = 1.360432, 95% CI = [1.065483–1.869482], p = 0.003291) was further confirmed by the Sequenom MassARRAY. No tag SNPs in the PADI2 locus showed a significant association with AS. Increased expression of PADI2 was detected in RA synovial tissues compared with samples from patients with OA and AS. PADI2 is significantly associated with RA and may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Chang
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yifang Xia
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jihong Pan
- Research Center for Medicinal Biotechnology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Qingsong Meng
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Research Center for Medicinal Biotechnology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xinfeng Yan
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
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Dwivedi N, Radic M. Citrullination of autoantigens implicates NETosis in the induction of autoimmunity. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 73:483-91. [PMID: 24291655 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tolerance blocks the expression of autoantibodies, whereas autoimmunity promotes it. How tolerance breaks and autoantibody production begins thus are crucial questions for understanding and treatment of autoimmune diseases. Evidence implicates cell death and autoantigen modifications in the initiation of autoimmune reactions. One form of neutrophil cell death called NETosis deserves attention because it requires the post-translational modification of histones and results in the extracellular release of chromatin. NETosis received its name from NET, the acronym given to Neutrophil Extracellular Trap. The extracellular chromatin incorporates histones in which arginines have been converted to citrullines by peptidylarginine deiminase IV (PAD4). The deiminated chromatin may function to capture or 'trap' bacterial pathogens, thus generating an extracellular complex of deiminated histones and bacterial cell adjuvants. The complex of bacterial antigens and deiminated chromatin may be internalised by host phagocytes during acute inflammatory conditions, as arise during bacterial infections or chronic autoinflammatory disorders. The uptake and processing of deiminated chromatin together with bacterial adjuvants by phagocytes may induce the presentation of modified histone epitopes and co-stimulation, thus yielding a powerful stimulus to break tolerance. Autoantibodies to deiminated histones are prevalent in Felty's syndrome patients and are present in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These observations clearly implicate histone deimination as an epigenetic mark that can act as an autoantibody stimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Dwivedi
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ruyssen-Witrand A, Constantin A, Cambon-Thomsen A, Thomsen M. New insights into the genetics of immune responses in rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 80:105-18. [PMID: 22835281 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2012.01939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease with a strong genetic component. Numerous aberrant immune responses have been described during the evolution of the disease. In later years, the appearance of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) has become a hallmark for the diagnosis and prognosis of RA. The post-translational transformation of arginine residues of proteins and peptides into citrulline (citrullination) is a natural process in the body, but for unknown reasons autoreactivity towards citrullinated residues may develop in disposed individuals. ACPAs are often found years before clinical manifestations. ACPAs are present in about 70% of RA patients and constitute an important disease marker, distinguishing patient groups with different prognoses and different responses to various treatments. Inside the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, some HLA-DRB1 alleles are strongly associated with their production. Genome-wide association studies in large patient cohorts have defined a great number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) outside of the HLA region that are associated with ACPA positive (ACPA+) RA. The SNPs are generally located close to or within genes involved in the immune response or signal transduction in immune cells. Some environmental factors such as tobacco smoking are also positively correlated with ACPA production. In this review, we will describe the genes and loci associated with ACPA+ RA or ACPA- RA and attempt to clarify their potential role in the development of the disease.
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Anomalies of intra-synovial citrullination: Is there any interest in the diagnosis of early rheumatoid arthritis? Rheumatol Int 2013; 33:787-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-011-2232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Cambridge G, Acharya J, Cooper JA, Edwards JC, Humphries SE. Antibodies to citrullinated peptides and risk of coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis 2013; 228:243-6. [PMID: 23474125 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased cardiovascular risk has been associated with high levels of serum antibodies to citrullinated proteins (ACPA) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Citrullination is part of many chronic inflammatory processes and we therefore investigated whether ACPA might be associated with coronary artery disease, in the absence of RA. METHODS To maximize the potential predictive value of this retrospective study we included sera from a cohort of 3052 healthy male individuals, subsequently followed for the development of coronary artery disease, and documented for other disease risk factors. With each case event (myocardial infarction; n = 144), 2 matched controls were assigned. RESULTS We found 10.4% of cases were ACPA positive compared to 3.8% of controls (odds ratio (95% CI) = 3.26 (1.36-7.80), p = 0.008), remaining significant after adjustment for classical risk factors including smoking and CRP (4.23 (1.22-14.61) p = 0.02). CONCLUSION The genesis and fine specificity of ACPA in patients with atherosclerosis, in the absence of Rheumatoid arthritis, may prove worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Cambridge
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University College London, 5 University St, London WC1E 6JF, UK.
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Chang X, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Yan X. Screening citrullinated proteins in synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis using 2-dimensional western blotting. J Rheumatol 2012; 40:219-27. [PMID: 23242181 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.120751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Citrullination, a reaction converting arginine residue into citrulline residue, is essential for autoimmunity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We conducted 2-dimensional Western blot analyses (2-D WB) to screen for novel citrullinated proteins in synovial tissues from patients with RA. METHODS Total proteins were extracted from the synovial membranes of patients with RA (n = 10) and pooled. Four identical 2-D electrophoresis (2-DE) gels were prepared, and 2 gels were transblotted to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes that were separately probed with sera from patients with RA (n = 10) or an anticitrulline antibody. The protein profiles of the 2-DE gels were compared with the hybridization results on a global level. The immunoreactive protein spots were collected from the 2-DE gels and identified using mass spectrometry. Proteins that were detected by both RA sera and anticitrulline antibody were considered citrullinated proteins. The result was confirmed through routine WB, immunoprecipitation, and ELISA. Autoantibodies against these potential antigens were also examined in the blood of patients with RA by ELISA. RESULTS RA sera and the anticitrulline antibody on 2-D WB detected α-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), dynein heavy-chain 3, fibrinogen β chain, keratin type II cuticular Hb4 (KRT84), lumican, tubulin β-chain (TUBB), and vimentin. A1AT, KRT84, and TUBB had high expression in the synovial membranes (n = 5) of patients with RA and A1AT and KRT84 had high expression in RA synovial fluids (n = 40). A1AT, KRT84, and TUBB immunoprecipitated from synovial tissues showed citrullination. A high level of autoantibodies against KRT84 was detected in the blood of patients with RA (n = 92) compared to that of healthy controls (n = 92). CONCLUSION Our study identified some new citrullinated proteins in RA synovial tissues using 2-D WB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Chang
- Medical Research Center and the Orthopedic Surgery Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China.
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Sanchez-Pernaute O, Filkova M, Gabucio A, Klein M, Maciejewska-Rodrigues H, Ospelt C, Brentano F, Michel BA, Gay RE, Herrero-Beaumont G, Gay S, Neidhart M, Juengel A. Citrullination enhances the pro-inflammatory response to fibrin in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. Ann Rheum Dis 2012; 72:1400-6. [PMID: 23234648 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-201906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibrin deposits are characteristic of the synovial tissues in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Once citrullinated, fibrin becomes an autoantigen and is thought to contribute in this way to perpetuate the disease. Our study aimed to analyse the responses of RA synovial fibroblasts (RASF) to native and citrullinated fibrin. METHODS The transcriptome induced by fibrin in RASF was approached with whole-genome-based gene expression arrays. The upregulation of selected pro-inflammatory genes by fibrin was confirmed in additional primary cell cultures using quantitative PCR and ELISA. Citrullination reactions were carried out with recombinant human peptidylarginine deiminases (PAD) 2 and 4. RESULTS In the whole-genome array native fibrin was found to modulate the gene expression profile of RASF, particularly upregulating mRNA levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. The induction of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 by fibrin was confirmed in additional samples at both the mRNA and the protein level. Blocking and knockdown experiments showed the participation of toll-like receptor (TLR)4 in the induction of both cytokines. As compared with the native macromolecule, PAD2-citrullinated fibrin induced significantly higher expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines in these cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that fibrin mediates inflammatory responses in RASF via a TLR4 pathway. In this way, fibrin and particularly its citrullinated form may contribute to sustain the cytokine burst in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sanchez-Pernaute
- Center for Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Zurich, Switzerland.
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Berthelot JM, Nogueira L, Mircher C, Megarbane A, Maugars Y, Serre G. Lack of anti-citrullinated fibrinogen and anti-CCP antibodies in adult patients with Down syndrome. Joint Bone Spine 2012; 79:526-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
Background Posttranslational deimination or citrullination by peptidylarginine deiminases (PAD) regulates the biological function of proteins and may be involved in the development of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis. This posttranslational modification of arginine was recently discovered on inflammatory chemokines including CXCL8 and CXCL10, and significantly reduced their biological activity. To evaluate the importance of these modified chemokines in patients, methods for the detection and quantification of citrullinated chemokines are needed. Since citrullination only results in an increase of the protein mass with one mass unit and the loss of one positive charge, selective biochemical detection is difficult. Therefore, we developed an antibody-based method to specifically detect and quantify citrullination on a protein of interest. Methodology/Principal Findings First, the citrullinated proteins were chemically modified with antipyrine and 2,3-butanedione at low pH. Such selectively modified citrullines were subsequently detected and quantified by specific antibodies raised against a modified citrulline-containing peptide. The specificity of this two-step procedure was validated for citrullinated CXCL8 ([Cit5]CXCL8). Specific detection of [Cit5]CXCL8 concentrations between 1 and 50 ng/ml was possible, also in complex samples containing an excess of contaminating proteins. This novel detection method was used to evaluate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the citrullination of inflammatory chemokines induced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and granulocytes. LPS had no significant effect on the induction of CXCL8 citrullination in human PBMCs and granulocytes. However, granulocytes, known to contain PAD, were essential for the production of significant amounts of [Cit5]CXCL8. Conclusion/Significance The newly developed antibody-based method to specifically detect and quantify chemically modified citrullinated proteins is proven to be effective. This study furthermore demonstrates that granulocytes were essential to obtain significant levels of [Cit5]CXCL8. For human PBMCs and granulocytes stimulation with LPS did not affect the citrullination of CXCL8.
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Anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin (anti-MCV) and anti-65 kDa heat shock protein (anti-hsp65): new biomarkers in ankylosing spondylitis. Joint Bone Spine 2011; 79:63-6. [PMID: 21683641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Citrullination as well as anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). While ACPAs are specific and sensitive markers for RA, there have been hardly any reports regarding ACPAs in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The possible role of antibodies to Mycobacterial 65 kDa heat shock protein (hsp65) has not been characterized in AS. As new laboratory biomarkers of AS are needed, we investigated the prevalence of anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin (MCV) and anti-hsp65 antibodies in AS. METHODS Altogether 43 AS and 44 healthy controls were included in the study. Anti-MCV and anti-hsp65 were determined in sera by commercial and in-house ELISA, respectively. Serum autoantibody levels were correlated with ESR, CRP, HLA-B27 status, smoking habits, pain intensity, BASDAI, BASFI and BASMI indices. RESULTS Patients with AS had significantly higher serum anti-MCV levels (17.3 U/mL, range: 8.3-31.5 U/mL) in comparison to healthy subjects (8.9 U/mL, range: 5.4-13.3 U/mL) (p<0.01). Sixteen of the 43 AS patients (37%) and none of the 44 healthy controls (0%) were anti-MCV positive using the cut-off value recommended by the manufacturer (>20 U/mL). The mean anti-hsp65 concentration in AS sera was 124.8 AU/mL (range: 27.2-1000 AU/mL), while controls exerted significantly lower anti-hsp65 levels (mean: 51.8 AU/mL; range: 22.5-88.5 AU/mL) (p<0.001). Correlation analysis revealed that both anti-MCV positivity (r=0.613; p=0.012) and absolute serum anti-MCV levels (r=0.553; p=0.021) correlated with anti-hsp65 levels. Anti-MCV positivity also correlated with ESR (r=0.437; p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Anti-MCV and anti-hsp65 may be novel biomarkers in AS.
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Risteli J, Koivula MK, Risteli L. Citrullinated collagens in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010; 3:187-94. [PMID: 20477107 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.3.2.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Citrulline formation through the deimination of arginine residues has recently been identified as an enzymatic post-translational modification of proteins that could be related to breaking the tolerance to self-antigens in the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Autoantibodies recognizing citrullinated peptides are highly specific indicators of early rheumatoid arthritis. However, current knowledge of the natural proteins that are citrullinated does not explain the main manifestations of the disease, that is, progressive damage to cartilage and bone - tissues rich in extracellular matrix. Several collagen types are present in the joint, where they provide the structural scaffold of the tissues. Recent findings indicate that both the ubiquitous Type I collagen and the cartilage-specific Type II collagen can be enzymatically citrullinated in vitro. Synthetic citrullinated peptides related to collagen sequences can be used as antigens. Autoantibodies to these citrullinated forms are found in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. This review summarizes what is known regarding the occurrence of citrulline in a major class of extracellular matrix proteins, the fibrillar collagens and the significance of autoantibodies to citrulline in these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juha Risteli
- University of Oulu, Department of Clinical Chemistry, PL 5000, FI-90014 Oulun yliopisto, Finland.
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Méchin MC, Coudane F, Adoue V, Arnaud J, Duplan H, Charveron M, Schmitt AM, Takahara H, Serre G, Simon M. Deimination is regulated at multiple levels including auto-deimination of peptidylarginine deiminases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:1491-503. [PMID: 20111885 PMCID: PMC11115946 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) catalyze deimination, converting arginyl to citrullyl residues. Only three PAD isotypes are detected in the epidermis where they play a crucial role, targeting filaggrin, a key actor for the tissue hydration and barrier functions. Their expression and activation depends on the keratinocyte differentiation state. To investigate this regulation, we used primary keratinocytes induced to differentiate either by increasing cell-density or by treatment with vitamin D. High cell-density increased PAD1 and 3, but not PAD2, at the mRNA and protein levels, and up-regulated protein deimination. By contrast, vitamin D increased PAD1-3 mRNA amounts, with distinct kinetics, but neither the proteins nor the deimination rate. Furthermore, auto-deimination was shown to decrease PAD activity, increasing the distances between the four major amino acids of the active site. In summary, deimination can be regulated at multiple levels: transcription of the PADI genes, translation of the corresponding mRNAs, and auto-deimination of PADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claire Méchin
- CNRS-University of Toulouse III, UMR5165, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 150 (INSERM-CNRS-Université paul Sabatier-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse), CHU Purpan, Place du Dr Baylac TSA40031, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Fanny Coudane
- CNRS-University of Toulouse III, UMR5165, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 150 (INSERM-CNRS-Université paul Sabatier-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse), CHU Purpan, Place du Dr Baylac TSA40031, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Véronique Adoue
- CNRS-University of Toulouse III, UMR5165, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 150 (INSERM-CNRS-Université paul Sabatier-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse), CHU Purpan, Place du Dr Baylac TSA40031, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Jacques Arnaud
- CNRS-University of Toulouse III, UMR5165, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 150 (INSERM-CNRS-Université paul Sabatier-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse), CHU Purpan, Place du Dr Baylac TSA40031, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Hélène Duplan
- Centre Européen de Recherche sur la Peau et les Epithéliums de Revêtement (CERPER), Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Charveron
- Centre Européen de Recherche sur la Peau et les Epithéliums de Revêtement (CERPER), Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Marie Schmitt
- Centre Européen de Recherche sur la Peau et les Epithéliums de Revêtement (CERPER), Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse, France
| | - Hidenari Takahara
- Department of Applied Biological Resource Sciences, School of Agriculture, University of Ibaraki, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Guy Serre
- CNRS-University of Toulouse III, UMR5165, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 150 (INSERM-CNRS-Université paul Sabatier-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse), CHU Purpan, Place du Dr Baylac TSA40031, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Michel Simon
- CNRS-University of Toulouse III, UMR5165, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 150 (INSERM-CNRS-Université paul Sabatier-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse), CHU Purpan, Place du Dr Baylac TSA40031, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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Goëb V, Jouen F, Gilbert D, Le Loët X, Tron F, Vittecoq O. Diagnostic and prognostic usefulness of antibodies to citrullinated peptides. Joint Bone Spine 2009; 76:343-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Szodoray P, Szabó Z, Kapitány A, Gyetvai A, Lakos G, Szántó S, Szücs G, Szekanecz Z. Anti-citrullinated protein/peptide autoantibodies in association with genetic and environmental factors as indicators of disease outcome in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2009; 9:140-3. [PMID: 19427413 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA) have recently emerged as sensitive and specific serological markers of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), providing superior alternative of the rheumatoid factor (RF) test in the laboratory diagnostics of RA. Citrullination is a post-translational modification of arginine by deimination, physiologically occurring during apoptosis, inflammation or keratinization. The presence of several citrullinated proteins has been demonstrated in the RA synovium. The identification of citrullinated epitopes as targets led to the development of the first and later second-generation anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody assays. The anti-Sa antibody has been identified a decade ago; however, recent studies confirmed that anti-Sa is directed against citrullinated vimentin. The determination of ACPA may have important prognostic significance, since ACPA production can precede the onset of clinical RA symptoms by years. ACPA(+) individuals with early, undifferentiated arthritis may have higher risk to develop RA. ACPA has important prognostic role during the progression of RA and it has also been associated with pronounced radiographic progression. ACPA production has been associated with several genetic predisposing factors, including HLA-DRB1 and PTPN22 1858T alleles, as well as with environmental and lifestyle-related factors, primarily smoking and possibly, the use of oral contraceptives and excessive caffeine intake. Thus, the assessment of ACPA, in addition to clinical, radiographic and genetic outcome measures may be important to assess disease prognosis and aids to design effective, early therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Szodoray
- Immunobiological Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Hao G, Wang D, Gu J, Shen Q, Gross SS, Wang Y. Neutral loss of isocyanic acid in peptide CID spectra: a novel diagnostic marker for mass spectrometric identification of protein citrullination. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:723-7. [PMID: 19200748 PMCID: PMC2786913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein citrullination is emerging as an important signaling mechanism that modulates a variety of biological processes. This protein modification constitutes only a 1 Da mass shift, and can be readily confused with other common protein modifications that yield an identical mass shift. In an attempt to develop a robust methodology for detection of protein citrullination sites, we analyzed synthetic citrulline-containing peptides by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra revealed abundant neutral loss of 43 Da from citrullinated peptide precursor ions, which was reconciled by elimination of the HNCO moiety (isocyanic acid) from the citrulline ureido group. The elimination occurs readily in multiple charge states of precursor ions and also in b and y ions. HNCO loss in CID spectra provides a novel diagnostic marker for citrullination, and its utility was demonstrated by the discovery of Arg197 as the specific site of citrullination on nucleophosmin upon peptidylarginine deiminase 4 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021
| | - Danchen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Jane Gu
- Massoverz Technologies, Albany, NY 12203
| | - Qiuying Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Steven S. Gross
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021
| | - Yanming Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Address reprint requests to Dr. Yanming Wang, Pennsylvania State University, 332 South Frear, University Park, PA 16802.
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Gandjbakhch F, Fajardy I, Ferré B, Dubucquoi S, Flipo RM, Roger N, Solau-Gervais E. A functional haplotype of PADI4 gene in rheumatoid arthritis: positive correlation in a French population. J Rheumatol 2009; 36:881-6. [PMID: 19332633 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.080398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A functional haplotype of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) was associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Asian populations, but the results are contradictory in Europeans. We investigated (1) the association of 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) located in exon 2 of PADI4 with RA in another Caucasian population; and (2) the association between PADI4 and anti-citrullinated protein (anti-CCP) antibodies. METHODS DNA samples were obtained from 405 French RA patients and 275 controls. All RA patients met the revised criteria of the American College of Rheumatology. PADI4_89 163(G-->A) and PADI4_90 245(T-->C) SNP were genotyped using a PCR-RFLP method confirmed by direct sequencing. All patients and controls were genotyped for HLA-DRB1. The presence of anti-CCP antibodies was tested in 243 RA patients using an ELISA technique. RESULTS We focused on PADI4_89 163(G-->A) and PADI4_90 245(T-->C) SNP that distinguished 2 main haplotypes: AC haplotype (PADI4_89*A PADI4_90*C) and GT haplotype (PADI4_89*G PADI4_90*T), described, respectively, as "nonsusceptible" and "susceptible." A positive association between RA and presence of the GT haplotype was found in the heterozygous state (p = 0.002) and the homozygous state (RA patients 22%, controls 13%; p = 0.005). A correlation was observed between the presence but not the level of anti-CCP antibodies and the GT heterozygous (p = 0.03) and homozygous (p = 0.05) haplotypes. No correlation was found between the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope and any of the PADI4 haplotypes. CONCLUSION Our findings confirm those of Japanese, Korean, and Canadian studies and suggest that PADI4 may be a new susceptibility gene independent of HLA-DRB1 for RA in Caucasian populations.
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Dong S, Ying S, Kojima T, Shiraiwa M, Kawada A, Méchin MC, Adoue V, Chavanas S, Serre G, Simon M, Takahara H. Crucial Roles of MZF1 and Sp1 in the Transcriptional Regulation of the Peptidylarginine Deiminase Type I Gene (PADI1) in Human Keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 128:549-57. [PMID: 17851584 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5701048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) catalyze the conversion of protein-bound arginine residues into citrulline residues in a calcium-dependent manner. The PAD1 gene (PADI1) is expressed in a few tissues, including the epidermis, where the protein is detected with a higher level in the more differentiated keratinocytes. Using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR experiments, we show that PADI1 mRNAs are more abundant in keratinocytes cultured with 1.2 than 0.15 mM calcium. We cloned and characterized the promoter region using human keratinocytes transfected with variously deleted fragments of the 5'-upstream region of PADI1 coupled to the luciferase gene. We found that as few as 195 bp upstream from the transcription initiation site were sufficient to direct transcription of the reporter gene. Mutations of MZF1- or Sp1-binding sites markedly reduced PADI1 promoter activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that MZF1 and Sp1/Sp3 bind to this region in vivo. Furthermore, MZF1 or Sp1 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) effectively diminished PADI1 expression in keratinocytes cultured in both low- and high-calcium-containing medium. In addition, the expression of MZF1 and PAD1 increased in parallel when normal human epidermal keratinocytes underwent differentiation. These data indicate that MZF1 and Sp1/Sp3 binding to the promoter region drive the PADI1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijun Dong
- Department of Applied Biological Resource Sciences, School of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
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Vander Cruyssen B, Peene I, Cantaert T, Hoffman IEA, De Rycke L, Veys EM, De Keyser F. Anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA) in rheumatoid arthritis: specificity and relation with rheumatoid factor. Autoimmun Rev 2008; 4:468-74. [PMID: 16137613 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2005.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2005] [Accepted: 04/28/2005] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA) are highly specific and sensitive markers for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). For instance, for the anti-CCP2 assay, sensitivities ranging from 55% to 80% and specificities ranging from 90% to 98% have been reported. Despite their high specificity, recent reports have suggested that ACPA may be found in some patients with other rheumatic autoimmune diseases, including psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome. Also, the differences between the classical rheumatoid factor (RF) and ACPA, as well as the complementarity between both tests have recently been demonstrated more clearly. Indeed, both antibody systems have a different association with specific RA features like extra-articular manifestations, a different association with the HLA shared epitope and, behave differently following anti-TNF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vander Cruyssen
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
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Chavanas S, Méchin MC, Nachat R, Adoue V, Coudane F, Serre G, Simon M. Peptidylarginine deiminases and deimination in biology and pathology: relevance to skin homeostasis. J Dermatol Sci 2006; 44:63-72. [PMID: 16973334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2006.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2006] [Accepted: 07/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Deimination corresponds to the transformation of arginine residues within a peptide sequence into citrulline residues. Catalyzed by peptidylarginine deiminases, it decreases the net positive charge of proteins, alters intra and intermolecular ionic interactions and probably the folding of target proteins. Deimination has recently been implicated in several physiological and pathological processes. Here, we describe the enzymes involved in this post-translational modification, focusing on their expression, location and roles in skin, as well as their known protein substrates in the epidermis and hair follicles. We discuss also the potential involvement of deimination in human diseases including cutaneous disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Chavanas
- UMR 5165, CNRS-University Toulouse III, Faculty of Medicine Purpan, 37 allées J. Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France
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Vander Cruyssen B, Hoffman IEA, Peene I, Union A, Mielants H, Meheus L, De Keyser F. Prediction models for rheumatoid arthritis during diagnostic investigation: evaluation of combinations of rheumatoid factor, anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies and the human leucocyte antigen-shared epitope. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 66:364-9. [PMID: 16840502 PMCID: PMC1856010 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2006.053470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To calculate the probabilities for rheumatoid arthritis in a consecutive cohort of patients during diagnostic investigation. Different logistic regression models evaluating the value of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-shared epitope determination and testing for rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA) were fitted. METHODS 1003 consecutive patients were included in the study, presenting a new diagnostic problem for which rheumatoid arthritis was included in the differential diagnosis. All patients were tested for ACPA, rheumatoid factor and HLA-shared epitope. RESULTS After 1 year, diagnoses were established: 153 patients had definite rheumatoid arthritis and 629 patients had rheumatoid arthritis excluded. Rheumatoid factor, used as a continuous marker, is useful in evaluating the probability for rheumatoid arthritis. Combined rheumatoid factor and shared epitope testing may provide additional predictive information, but combined ACPA and rheumatoid factor testing is superior. The redundancy of shared epitope testing in a model that includes ACPA testing can be explained by the high association between ACPA and shared epitope both in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in those with non-rheumatoid arthritis. The value of rheumatoid factor testing increased if patients presented with at least one swollen joint at baseline. CONCLUSION Valid probabilities for rheumatoid arthritis during routine diagnostic investigation were calculated, and showed that the potential additional value of shared epitope testing disappears when ACPA testing is available. Combined rheumatoid factor and ACPA testing is useful, especially when rheumatoid factor is considered as a continuous parameter reflecting an increasing probability for rheumatoid arthritis at higher rheumatoid factor titres. The value of (continuous) rheumatoid factor testing increases when the a priori chance is higher.
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György B, Tóth E, Tarcsa E, Falus A, Buzás EI. Citrullination: a posttranslational modification in health and disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2006; 38:1662-77. [PMID: 16730216 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2006.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 03/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications are chemical changes to proteins that take place after synthesis. One such modification, peptidylarginine to peptidylcitrulline conversion, catalysed by peptidylarginine deiminases, has recently received significant interest in biomedicine. Introduction of citrulline dramatically changes the structure and function of proteins. It has been implicated in several physiological and pathological processes. Physiological processes include epithelial terminal differentiation, gene expression regulation, and apoptosis. Rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease are examples of human diseases where protein citrullination involvement has been demonstrated. In this review, we discuss our current understanding on the importance of protein deimination in these processes. We describe the enzymes catalyzing the reaction, as well as their known protein substrates. We review the citrullinated peptide epitopes that are proposed as disease markers, specifically recognized in certain human autoimmune disorders. The potential autopathogenic role of citrullinated epitopes is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence György
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Böckelmann R, Gollnick H, Bonnekoh B. Anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in psoriasis patients without arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 54:1701-2. [PMID: 16646043 DOI: 10.1002/art.21804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Vittecoq O, Goeb V, Le Loët X, Tron F. The preclinical phase of rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. Joint Bone Spine 2005; 72:443-6. [PMID: 15996501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2005.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2004] [Accepted: 01/20/2005] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Merlini G, Anzilotti C, Chimenti D, Tommasi C, Bombardieri S, Migliorini P. A Deiminated Viral Peptide to Detect Antibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005; 1050:243-9. [PMID: 16014539 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1313.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The data presented suggest that a deiminated viral peptide is specifically recognized by antibodies contained in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) sera. Antipeptide antibodies are not associated with the presence or severity of specific manifestations of RA, but are more frequent in subjects with erosive arthritis. Taking into account the association with rheumatoid factor and with erosive arthritis, we can conclude that antipeptide antibodies are markers of severe forms of RA. Our data also show familial aggregation of anticitrullinated peptide antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Merlini
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Via Roma 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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