1
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Huang J, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Huang C, Fei L. Surface topology of MXene flakes induces the selection of the sintering mechanism for supported Pt nanoparticles. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc03284e. [PMID: 39170721 PMCID: PMC11333939 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03284e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Sintering of metal nanocatalysts leading to particle growth and subsequent performance deactivation is a primary issue that hinders their practical applications. While metal-support interaction (MSI) is considered as the critical factor which influences the sintering behavior, the underlying microscopic mechanism and kinetics remain incompletely understood. Here, by using in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and theoretical analysis, we reveal the selection rule of the sintering mechanism for Pt nanoparticles on a two-dimensional (2D) MXene (Ti3C2T x ) support, which relies on the surface topology of MXene flakes. It is demonstrated that the sintering of Pt nanoparticles proceeds via Ostwald ripening (OR) in the surface defect (such as steps and pore edges) regions of MXene flakes due to strong MSI on the Pt/MXene interface; conversely, weak MSI between Pt nanoparticles and the planar surface of MXene leads to prevalent particle migration and coalescence (PMC) for sintering. Furthermore, our quantitative analysis shows a significant divergence in sintering rates for PMC and OR processes. These microscopic observations suggest a clear "sintering mechanism-MSI" relationship for Pt/MXene nanocatalysts and may shed light on the design of novel nanocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Huang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 China
| | - Zhouyang Zhang
- School of Materials and New Energy, Ningxia University Yinchuan 750021 China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University Baoding 071002 China
| | - Changshui Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Organic Solids Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Linfeng Fei
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 China
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2
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Turner SJ, Visser NL, Dalebout R, Wezendonk DFL, de Jongh PE, de Jong KP. An In Situ TEM Study of the Influence of Water Vapor on Reduction of Nickel Phyllosilicate - Retarded Growth of Metal Nanoparticles at Higher Rates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2401009. [PMID: 38552229 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Unavoidable water formation during the reduction of solid catalyst precursors has long been known to influence the nanoparticle size and dispersion in the active catalyst. This in situ transmission electron microscopy study provides insight into the influence of water vapor at the nanoscale on the nucleation and growth of the nanoparticles (2-16 nm) during the reduction of a nickel phyllosilicate catalyst precursor under H2/Ar gas at 700 °C. Water suppresses and delays nucleation, but counterintuitively increases the rate of particle growth. After full reduction is achieved, water vapor significantly enhances Ostwald ripening which in turn increases the likelihood of particle coalescence. This study proposes that water leads to formation of mobile nickel hydroxide species, leading to faster rates of particle growth during and after reduction.
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3
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Hashimoto N, Mori K, Yoshida H, Kamiuchi N, Kitaura R, Hirasawa R, Yamashita H. Thermal Stability of High-Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles Evaluated by In Situ TEM Observations. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7063-7068. [PMID: 38805318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
High-entropy alloy (HEA) nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted attention in several fields because of their fascinating properties. The high mechanical strength, good thermal stability, and superior corrosion resistance of HEAs, which are derived from their high configurational entropy, are attractive features. Herein, we investigated the thermal stability of FeCoNiCuPd HEA NPs on reduced graphene oxide via in situ transmission electron microscopy observations at elevated temperatures. The HEA NPs maintained their structure, size, and composition at 700 °C, and their size gradually decreased accompanied by the preferential sublimation of Cu. On the contrary, the deterioration of the monometallic Pd NPs begins at temperatures greater than 700 °C according to Ostwald ripening, which involves the migration of adatoms or mobile molecular species. Theoretical calculations revealed that the detachment of adatoms from clusters (i.e., the first step of Ostwald ripening) was suppressed in the case of HEA NPs because of the high-configuration-entropy effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hashimoto
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Mori
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideto Yoshida
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Naoto Kamiuchi
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Ryota Kitaura
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryota Hirasawa
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yamashita
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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4
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Nie X, Wang Y, Mu J, Han J, Li H, Luo N, Huang Z, Guo Q, Li N, Zhang J, Li N, Wang F. Tuning Redistribution of CuO x Nanoparticles on TiO 2 Support. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48168-48178. [PMID: 37787471 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles exhibit unique catalytic performance, depending on their nanoscale size. However, controlling the particle size of the supported catalysts is still challenging. Here, we present a method for tunable redistribution of CuOx nanoparticles on rutile TiO2 support by physically adding pristine TiO2. The redistribution is driven by the work function difference (WFD) between the TiO2 support and the TiO2 additive, both of which exhibit distinct values, as determined through Kelvin probe force microscopy and electron binding energy analysis. Addition of TiO2 with lower work function (rutile) promotes electron transfer toward the CuOx/TiO2 composite, resulting in nanoparticle aggregation, while addition of TiO2 with higher work function (anatase) results in smaller CuOx on TiO2. The increase in particle size and electron density of CuOx, driven by the addition of rutile TiO2, promoted the complete conversion of nitrobenzene (100%) within 5 h. This is 2.7 times that of dispersed and degraded CuOx driven by mixing with anatase TiO2 (36.9%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhong Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yehong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Junju Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Jianyu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huixiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Nengchao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhipeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
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5
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Visser N, Turner SJ, Stewart JA, Vandegehuchte BD, van der Hoeven JES, de Jongh PE. Direct Observation of Ni Nanoparticle Growth in Carbon-Supported Nickel under Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation Atmosphere. ACS NANO 2023; 17:14963-14973. [PMID: 37504574 PMCID: PMC10416566 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding nanoparticle growth is crucial to increase the lifetime of supported metal catalysts. In this study, we employ in situ gas-phase transmission electron microscopy to visualize the movement and growth of ensembles of tens of nickel nanoparticles supported on carbon for CO2 hydrogenation at atmospheric pressure (H2:CO2 = 4:1) and relevant temperature (450 °C) in real time. We observe two modes of particle movement with an order of magnitude difference in velocity: fast, intermittent movement (vmax = 0.7 nm s-1) and slow, gradual movement (vaverage = 0.05 nm s-1). We visualize the two distinct particle growth mechanisms: diffusion and coalescence, and Ostwald ripening. The diffusion and coalescence mechanism dominates at small interparticle distances, whereas Ostwald ripening is driven by differences in particle size. Strikingly, we demonstrate an interplay between the two mechanisms, where first coalescence takes place, followed by fast Ostwald ripening due to the increased difference in particle size. Our direct visualization of the complex nanoparticle growth mechanisms highlights the relevance of studying nanoparticle growth in supported nanoparticle ensembles under reaction conditions and contributes to the fundamental understanding of the stability in supported metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke
L. Visser
- Materials
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Savannah J. Turner
- Materials
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jessi E. S. van der Hoeven
- Materials
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra E. de Jongh
- Materials
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute
for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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6
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Kumar A, Venkatraman K, Hachtel J, Chi M. Determining Cryogenic Temperatures in Specimens by using EELS. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1706. [PMID: 37613954 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abinash Kumar
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Kartik Venkatraman
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Jordan Hachtel
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Miaofang Chi
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
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7
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Ying Z, Diao J, Wang S, Cai X, Liu H, Wang N. In situ TEM Study: Deactivation Mechanism and Encapsulation Behavior of Metal Nanocatalysts Deposited on Zinc Oxide Nanowires. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1589-1590. [PMID: 37613515 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhehan Ying
- Department of Physics and Center for Quantum Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Materials Characterization and Preparation Facility (Guangzhou), The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangyong Diao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Shi Wang
- Department of Physics and Center for Quantum Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiangbin Cai
- Department of Physics and Center for Quantum Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Physics and Center for Quantum Materials, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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8
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Ibrahim MH, Hamzah N, Mohd Yusop MZ, Septiani NLW, Mohd Yasin MF. Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 14:741-750. [PMID: 37377745 PMCID: PMC10291239 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.14.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a flame requires conditions that are difficult to achieve in a highly heterogeneous environment. Therefore, the analysis of the properties of the reaction zone within the flame is critical for the optimal growth of CNTs. In the present study, a comprehensive comparison between the CNT synthesis using a methane diffusion flame and a premixed flame is conducted regarding the morphology and crystallinity of the as-grown nanotubes. The premixed burner configuration created a flame that is stabilized through axisymmetric stagnation flow through sintered metal with one-dimensional geometry, different from a conventional co-flow flame. The significant difference in temperature distribution between the two flames causes a difference in the characteristics of the growth products. In the diffusion flame, the growth is limited to specific regions at certain height-above-burner (HAB) values with a temperature range of 750 to 950 °C at varying radial locations. The identified growth regions at different HAB values showed similar temperature distributions that yield CNTs of similar characteristics. Interestingly, the growth of CNTs in the premixed flame is dictated by only the HAB because the temperature distribution is relatively uniform along the radial directions but significantly different in the vertical direction. 17.3% variation in temperature in the axial direction successfully led to 44% and 66% variation in CNT diameter and crystallinity, respectively. The morphology control capability demonstrated in the present study is important for CNT functionalization for energy storage, nanosensor, and nanocomposite applications, where diameter and crystallinity are influential properties that govern the overall performance of the components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim
- Department of Thermo-Fluids, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- High Speed Reacting Flow Laboratory (HiREF), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Norikhwan Hamzah
- Department of Thermo-Fluids, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- High Speed Reacting Flow Laboratory (HiREF), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Center, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin
- Department of Thermo-Fluids, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- High Speed Reacting Flow Laboratory (HiREF), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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9
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Jiang N. Electron irradiation effects in transmission electron microscopy: Random displacements and collective migrations. Micron 2023; 171:103482. [PMID: 37167653 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2023.103482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Electron beam damage in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is complicated because the damage phenomena can be the result of random atomic displacements or collective migrations. The former is categorized as the primary beam effects and the latter is the secondary beam effects. The mechanisms for these two distinguishing atomic processes of damage are different. The primary beam effects can be caused by the mechanisms of knock-on and/or radiolysis, while the secondary effects must be driven by a field that is induced by electron irradiation. One such field has been identified to be the electric field produced by the accumulated charges due to the ejection of secondary and Auger electrons from the irradiated region. One convincing example is the electron irradiation-induced domain switch in ferroelectric materials, in which the collective cation displacements are driven by the induced electric field. A detailed interpretation is given in this review. The sintering of metal NPs under electron irradiation is a secondary beam effect and is most likely also caused by the induced electric fields. The interactions between the charged NP and substrate, and between charged NPs, result in NP motion. Interchanging atoms between NPs during the sintering may also be driven by the electric fields. Although many beam-damage phenomena in C nanotubes and layered materials, such as graphene, BN, and transition metal dichalcogenides, are caused by the primary beam effects and have been well studied experimentally and theoretically in the literature, some phenomena from the secondary beam effects have also been identified in this review. These phenomena are sensitive to electron current density, the shape and orientation of the specimen, and even the illumination mode (i.e., TEM or STEM). Unfortunately, the mechanisms responsible for these phenomena still need to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281-1504, USA.
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10
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Oh J, Beck A, Goodman ED, Roling LT, Boucly A, Artiglia L, Abild-Pedersen F, van Bokhoven JA, Cargnello M. Colloidally Engineered Pd and Pt Catalysts Distinguish Surface- and Vapor-Mediated Deactivation Mechanisms. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwon Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Arik Beck
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering (ICB), ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Emmett D. Goodman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Luke T. Roling
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Anthony Boucly
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry (LSK), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Luca Artiglia
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry (LSK), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Frank Abild-Pedersen
- SUNCAT Center for Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering (ICB), ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry (LSK), Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Cargnello
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SUNCAT Center for Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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11
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Liu JC, Luo L, Xiao H, Zhu J, He Y, Li J. Metal Affinity of Support Dictates Sintering of Gold Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20601-20609. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Langli Luo
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hai Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Yang He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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12
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Kumar A, Dutta S, Kim S, Kwon T, Patil SS, Kumari N, Jeevanandham S, Lee IS. Solid-State Reaction Synthesis of Nanoscale Materials: Strategies and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12748-12863. [PMID: 35715344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) with unique structures and compositions can give rise to exotic physicochemical properties and applications. Despite the advancement in solution-based methods, scalable access to a wide range of crystal phases and intricate compositions is still challenging. Solid-state reaction (SSR) syntheses have high potential owing to their flexibility toward multielemental phases under feasibly high temperatures and solvent-free conditions as well as their scalability and simplicity. Controlling the nanoscale features through SSRs demands a strategic nanospace-confinement approach due to the risk of heat-induced reshaping and sintering. Here, we describe advanced SSR strategies for NM synthesis, focusing on mechanistic insights, novel nanoscale phenomena, and underlying principles using a series of examples under different categories. After introducing the history of classical SSRs, key theories, and definitions central to the topic, we categorize various modern SSR strategies based on the surrounding solid-state media used for nanostructure growth, conversion, and migration under nanospace or dimensional confinement. This comprehensive review will advance the quest for new materials design, synthesis, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Soumen Dutta
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Seonock Kim
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Taewan Kwon
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Santosh S Patil
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Nitee Kumari
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Sampathkumar Jeevanandham
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - In Su Lee
- Creative Research Initiative Center for Nanospace-confined Chemical Reactions (NCCR) and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea.,Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I-CREATE), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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13
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Aggarwal P, Sarkar D, Awasthi K, Menezes PW. Functional role of single-atom catalysts in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution: Current developments and future challenges. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Quantification of critical particle distance for mitigating catalyst sintering. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4865. [PMID: 34381041 PMCID: PMC8358017 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25116-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Supported metal nanoparticles are of universal importance in many industrial catalytic processes. Unfortunately, deactivation of supported metal catalysts via thermally induced sintering is a major concern especially for high-temperature reactions. Here, we demonstrate that the particle distance as an inherent parameter plays a pivotal role in catalyst sintering. We employ carbon black supported platinum for the model study, in which the particle distance is well controlled by changing platinum loading and carbon black supports with varied surface areas. Accordingly, we quantify a critical particle distance of platinum nanoparticles on carbon supports, over which the sintering can be mitigated greatly up to 900 °C. Based on in-situ aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron and theoretical studies, we find that enlarging particle distance to over the critical distance suppress the particle coalescence, and the critical particle distance itself depends sensitively on the strength of metal-support interactions. Deactivation of supported metal catalysts via thermally induced sintering is a major concern in the catalysis community. Here, the authors demonstrate that enlarging particle distance to over the critical distance could suppress the particle coalescence greatly up to 900 °C.
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15
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Sharna S, Bahri M, Bouillet C, Rouchon V, Lambert A, Gay AS, Chiche D, Ersen O. In situ STEM study on the morphological evolution of copper-based nanoparticles during high-temperature redox reactions. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:9747-9756. [PMID: 34019612 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01648b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the broad relevance of copper nanoparticles in industrial applications, the fundamental understanding of oxidation and reduction of copper at the nanoscale is still a matter of debate and remains within the realm of bulk or thin film-based systems. Moreover, the reported studies on nanoparticles vary widely in terms of experimental parameters and are predominantly carried out using either ex situ observation or environmental transmission electron microscopy in a gaseous atmosphere at low pressure. Hence, dedicated studies in regards to the morphological transformations and structural transitions of copper-based nanoparticles at a wider range of temperatures and under industrially relevant pressure would provide valuable insights to improve the application-specific material design. In this paper, copper nanoparticles are studied using in situ Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy to discern the transformation of the nanoparticles induced by oxidative and reductive environments at high temperatures. The nanoparticles were subjected to a temperature of 150 °C to 900 °C at 0.5 atm partial pressure of the reactive gas, which resulted in different modes of copper mobility both within the individual nanoparticles and on the surface of the support. Oxidation at an incremental temperature revealed the dependency of the nanoparticles' morphological evolution on their initial size as well as reaction temperature. After the formation of an initial thin layer of oxide, the nanoparticles evolved to form hollow oxide shells. The kinetics of formation of hollow particles were simulated using a reaction-diffusion model to determine the activation energy of diffusion and temperature-dependent diffusion coefficient of copper in copper oxide. Upon further temperature increase, the hollow shell collapsed to form compact and facetted nanoparticles. Reduction of copper oxide was carried out at different temperatures starting from various oxide phase morphologies. A reduction mechanism is proposed based on the dynamic of the reduction-induced fragmentation of the oxide phase. In a broader perspective, this study offers insights into the mobility of the copper phase during its oxidation-reduction process in terms of microstructural evolution as a function of nanoparticle size, reaction gas, and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Sharna
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rond-Point de l'échangeur de Solaize, 69360 Solaize, France
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16
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Wang Y, Wang C, Wang L, Wang L, Xiao FS. Zeolite Fixed Metal Nanoparticles: New Perspective in Catalysis. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2579-2590. [PMID: 33999615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusLoading metal nanoparticles on the surface of solid supports has emerged as an efficient route for the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts. Notably, most of these supported metal nanoparticles still have shortcomings such as dissatisfactory activity and low product selectivity in catalysis. In addition, these metal nanoparticles also suffer from deactivation because of nanoparticle sintering, leaching, and coke formation under harsh conditions. The fixation of metal nanoparticles within zeolite crystals should have advantages of high activities for metal nanoparticles and excellent shape selectivity for zeolite micropores as well as extraordinary stability of metal nanoparticles immobilized with a stable zeolite framework, which is a good solution for the shortcomings of supported metal nanoparticles.Materials with metal nanostructures within the zeolite crystals are normally denoted as metal@zeolite, where the metal nanoparticles with diameters similar to those of industrial catalysts are usually larger than the micropore size. These metal nanoparticles are enveloped with the zeolite rigid framework to prevent migration under harsh reaction conditions, which is described as a fixed structure. The zeolite micropores allow the diffusion of reactants to the metal nanoparticles. As a result, metal@zeolite catalysts combine the features of both metal nanoparticles (high activity) and zeolites (shape selectivity and thermal stability), compared with the supported metal nanoparticles.In this Account, we describe how the zeolite micropore and metal nanoparticle synergistically work to improve the catalytic performance by the preparation of a variety of metal@zeolite catalysts. Multiple functions of zeolites with respect to the metal nanoparticles are highlighted, including control of the reactant/product diffusion in the micropores, the adjustment of reactant adsorption on the metal nanoparticles, and sieving the reactants and products with zeolite micropores. Furthermore, by optimizing the wettability of the zeolite external surface, the zeolite crystals could form a nanoreactor to efficiently enrich the crucial intermediates, thus boosting the performance in low-temperature methane oxidation. Also, the microporous confinement weakens the adsorption of C1 intermediates on the metal sites, accelerating the C-C coupling to improve C2 oxygenate productivity in syngas conversion. In particular, the zeolite framework efficiently stabilizes the metal nanoparticles against sintering and leaching to give durable catalysts. Clearly, this strategy not only guides the rational design of efficient heterogeneous catalysts for potential applications in a variety of industrial chemical reactions but also accelerates the fundamental understanding of the catalytic mechanisms by providing new model catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Wang
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Lingxiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Feng-Shou Xiao
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
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17
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Hydrothermal Sintering and Oxidation of an Alumina-Supported Nickel Methanation Catalyst Studied Using In Situ Magnetometry. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The presented study investigated the effects of temperature (350–650 °C) and gas environment (pure Ar versus a H2O/H2 partial pressure ratio (PH2O/PH2) of 5) on the extent of sintering and oxidation of Al2O3-supported Ni0 nanoparticles (≈4 nm). We note that a PH2O/PH2 of 5 corresponds to a simulated CO conversion of 94% during methanation. Sintering and oxidation were studied using in situ magnetometry, while ex situ TEM analyses confirmed the particle sizes before and after the magnetometry-based experiments. It was found that increasing the temperature from 350 to 650 °C in Ar at atmospheric pressure causes a negligible change to the average size and degree of reduction (DOR) of the starting Ni0 nanoparticles. However, studying the same temperature window under hydrothermal conditions at 10 bar causes significant particle growth (≈9 nm) and the development of a bimodal distribution. Furthermore, the presence of steam decreases the DOR of Ni0 from 86.2% after initial activation to 22.2% due to oxidation. In summary, this study reports on the expected sintering and oxidation of Ni-based catalysts under high CO conversion conditions at elevated temperatures during methanation. Importantly, we were able to demonstrate how magnetometry-based analyses can provide similar size information (and changes thereof) as those observed with TEM but with the added advantage that this information can be obtained in situ.
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18
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MacArthur KE, Clement A, Heggen M, Dunin-Borkowski RE. Combining quantitative ADF STEM with SiN x membrane-based MEMS devices: A simulation study with Pt nanoparticles. Ultramicroscopy 2021; 231:113270. [PMID: 33888359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Computer simulations are used to assess the influence of a 20-nm-thick SiNx membrane on the quantification of atomic-resolution annular dark-field (ADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy images of Pt nanoparticles. The discussions include the effect of different nanoparticle/membrane arrangements, accelerating voltage, nanoparticle thickness and the presence of adjacent atomic columns on the accuracy with which the number of Pt atoms in each atom column can be counted. The results, which are based on the use of ADF scattering cross-sections, show that an accuracy of better than a single atom is attainable at 200 and 300 kV. At 80kV, the scattering in a typical SiNx membrane is sufficiently strong that the best possible atom counting accuracy is reduced to +/- 2 atoms. The implications of the work for quantitative studies of Pt nanoparticles imaged through SiNx membranes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E MacArthur
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Antoine Clement
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Nancy, Campus Artem, BP 14234, 92 rue du Sergent Blandan, 54042 Nancy cedex, France
| | - Marc Heggen
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Rafal E Dunin-Borkowski
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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19
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Okal J, Adamska K. Thermal Stability of Ru–Re NPs in H2 and O2 Atmosphere and Their Activity in VOCs Oxidation: Effect of Ru Precursor. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe thermal stability of Ru–Re NPs on γ-alumina support was studied in hydrogen at 800 °C and in air at 250–400 °C. The catalysts were synthesized using Cl-free and Cl-containing Ru precursors and NH4ReO4. Very high sintering resistance of Ru–Re NPs was found in hydrogen atmosphere and independent of Ru precursors and Re loading, the size of them was below 2–3 nm. In air, metal segregation occurred at 250 °C, leading to formation of RuO2 and highly dispersed ReOx species. Ruthenium agglomeration was hindered at higher Re loading and in presence of residual Cl species. Propane oxidation rate was higher with the Ru(N)–Re catalysts than with Ru(N) and that containing Cl species. The Ru(N)–Re (3:1) catalyst exhibited the highest activity and the lowest activation energy (91.6 kJ mol−1) what is in contrast to Ru(Cl)–Re (3:1) which had the lowest activity and the highest activation energy (119.3 kJ mol−1). Thus, the synergy effect was not observed in Cl-containing catalysts.
Graphic Abstract
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20
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Yasumura S, Ide H, Ueda T, Jing Y, Liu C, Kon K, Toyao T, Maeno Z, Shimizu KI. Transformation of Bulk Pd to Pd Cations in Small-Pore CHA Zeolites Facilitated by NO. JACS AU 2021; 1:201-211. [PMID: 34467284 PMCID: PMC8395613 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Atomic dispersion of metal species has attracted attention as a unique phenomenon that affects adsorption properties and catalytic activities and that can be used to design so-called single atom materials. In this work, we describe atomic dispersion of bulk Pd into small pores of CHA zeolites. Under 4% NO flow at 600 °C, bulk Pd metal on the outside of CHA zeolites effectively disperses, affording Pd2+ cations on Al sites with concomitant formation of N2O, as revealed by microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations combined with mass spectroscopy. In the present method, even commercially available submicrosized Pd black can be used as a Pd source, and importantly, 4.1 wt % of atomic Pd2+ cations, which is the highest loading amount reported so far, can be introduced into CHA zeolites. The structural evolution of bulk Pd metal is also investigated by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), as well as ab initio thermodynamic analysis using density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsaku Yasumura
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Hajime Ide
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Taihei Ueda
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yuan Jing
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Chong Liu
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kon
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takashi Toyao
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Zen Maeno
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Shimizu
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N-21, W-10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Elements
Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
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21
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Miller BK, Crozier PA. Linking Changes in Reaction Kinetics and Atomic-Level Surface Structures on a Supported Ru Catalyst for CO Oxidation. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K. Miller
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-6106, United States
| | - Peter A. Crozier
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-6106, United States
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22
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Abstract
One of the main factors in the deterioration of automobile three-way catalysts is the sintering of platinum group metals (PGMs). In this study, we used in situ tunneling electron microscopy (TEM) to examine the sintering of Rh particles as the temperature increases. Two types of environmental conditions were tested, namely, vacuum atmosphere with heating up to 1050 °C, and N2 with/without 1% O2 at 1 atm and up to 1000 °C. Under vacuum, Rh particles appeared to be immersed in ZrO2. In contrast, at 1 atm N2 with or without 1% O2, the sintered Rh particles appeared spherical and not immersed in ZrO2. The latter trend of Rh sintering resembles the actual engine-aged catalyst observed ex situ in this study. In the N2 atmosphere, the sintering of support material (ZrO2 or Y-ZrO2) was first observed by in situ TEM, followed by Rh particle sintering. The Rh particle size was slightly smaller on Y-ZrO2 compared to that on ZrO2. To better understand these experimental results, density functional theory was used to calculate the systems’ junction energies, assuming three layers of Rh(111) 4 × 4 structures joined to the support material (ZrO2 and Y-ZrO2). The calculated energies were consistent with the in situ TEM observations in the N2 atmosphere.
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23
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Tang M, Yuan W, Ou Y, Li G, You R, Li S, Yang H, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Recent Progresses on Structural Reconstruction of Nanosized Metal Catalysts via Controlled-Atmosphere Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Review. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wentao Yuan
- Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yang Ou
- Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Guanxing Li
- Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ruiyang You
- Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Songda Li
- Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hangsheng Yang
- Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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24
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Boniface M, Plodinec M, Schlögl R, Lunkenbein T. Quo Vadis Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems for the Study of Heterogeneous Catalysts Inside the Electron Microscope? Top Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-020-01398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDuring the last decade, modern micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology has been used to create cells that can act as catalytic nanoreactors and fit into the sample holders of transmission electron microscopes. These nanoreactors can maintain atmospheric or higher pressures inside the cells as they seal gases or liquids from the vacuum of the TEM column and can reach temperatures exceeding 1000 °C. This has led to a paradigm shift in electron microscopy, which facilitates the local characterization of structural and morphological changes of solid catalysts under working conditions. In this review, we outline the development of state-of-the-art nanoreactor setups that are commercially available and are currently applied to study catalytic reactions in situ or operando in gaseous or liquid environments. We also discuss challenges that are associated with the use of environmental cells. In catalysis studies, one of the major challenge is the interpretation of the results while considering the discrepancies in kinetics between MEMS based gas cells and fixed bed reactors, the interactions of the electron beam with the sample, as well as support effects. Finally, we critically analyze the general role of MEMS based nanoreactors in electron microscopy and catalysis communities and present possible future directions.
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25
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Facile Strategy for Mass Production of Pt Catalysts for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells Using Low-Energy Electron Beam. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112216. [PMID: 33172207 PMCID: PMC7694981 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
There are so many variables affecting the large-scale chemical synthesis of nanoparticles that mass production remains a challenge. Here, using a high-efficiency compact electron beam generator irradiating a low-energy electron beam, we fabricate carbon-supported Pt nanoparticles (Pt/C) in an open chamber to present the applicability of an electron beam to the mass production of metal nanocatalysts for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The amount of dispersants (glycerol) and radical scavengers (isopropyl alcohol, IPA), the most important factors in the electron beam-induced fabrication process, is systematically controlled to find the conditions for the synthesis of the particle structure suitable for PEMFC applications. Furthermore, the effects of the structural changes on the electrochemical properties of the catalysts are thoroughly investigated. Through in-depth studies, it is clearly revealed that while dispersants control the nucleation step of monomers affecting the degree of dispersion of nanoparticles, radical scavengers with strong oxidizing power have an effect on the particle growth rate. Therefore, this study is expected to present the applicability of low-energy electron beam to the mass production of metal nanocatalysts for PEMFCs, and to provide insights into the fabrication of nanoparticles using low-energy electron beams.
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26
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Zhu B, Qi R, Yuan L, Gao Y. Real-time atomistic simulation of the Ostwald ripening of TiO 2 supported Au nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:19142-19148. [PMID: 32936163 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04571c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ostwald ripening (OR), one of the major processes of nanoparticle sintering, is critical for the rational design of functional nanomaterials. However, the atomistic mechanism of OR has not been fully understood, because the characterization of interparticle transport of atoms in real-time is challenging by either experiments or theoretical simulations. Thus, current understandings are based on ad hoc assumptions about the OR mechanism, which have never been confirmed yet at the atomic scale. Herein, we realized all-atom kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of sintering of TiO2 supported Au nanoparticles (NPs) through the OR mechanism at millisecond timescales. We demonstrated that the "semi-spherical" assumption should be removed. The OR process was a stagewise process determined by different rate-determining steps, which is in contrast to the single-stage presumption. Au dimers, rather than monomers as generally assumed, were exchanged among different NPs. Besides, we proposed a new kinetic model for describing the determining rate of OR without presumptions. This work brings deeper insights into the atomistic OR mechanism and also paves the way for real-time monitoring of catalyst sintering at the atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beien Zhu
- Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China. and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Rui Qi
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lina Yuan
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China. and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
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27
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Walbert T, Muench F, Yang Y, Kunz U, Xu BX, Ensinger W, Molina-Luna L. In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis of Thermally Decaying Polycrystalline Platinum Nanowires. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11309-11318. [PMID: 32806050 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their large surface area, continuous conduction paths, high activity, and pronounced anisotropy, nanowires are pivotal for a wide range of applications, yet far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Their susceptibility toward degradation necessitates an in-depth understanding of the underlying failure mechanisms to ensure reliable performance under operating conditions. In this study, we present an in-depth analysis of the thermally triggered Plateau-Rayleigh-like morphological instabilities of electrodeposited, polycrystalline, 20-40 nm thin platinum nanowires using in situ transmission electron microscopy in a controlled temperature regime, ranging from 25 to 1100 °C. Nanowire disintegration is heavily governed by defects, while the initially present, frequent but small thickness variations do not play an important role and are overridden later during reshaping. Changes of the exterior wire morphology are preceded by shifts in the internal nanostructure, including grain boundary straightening, grain growth, and the formation of faceted voids. Surprisingly, the nanowires segregate into two domain types, one being single-crystalline and essentially void-free, while the other preserves void-pinned grain boundaries. While the single-crystalline domains exhibit fast Pt transport, the void-containing domains are unexpectedly stable, accumulate platinum by surface diffusion, and act as nuclei for the subsequent nanowire splitting. This study highlights the vital role of defects in Plateau-Rayleigh-like thermal transformations, whose evolution not only accompanies but guides the wire reshaping. Thus, defects represent strong parameters for controlling the nanowire decay and must be considered for devising accurate models and simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Walbert
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Materials Analysis Group, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Falk Muench
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Materials Analysis Group, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yangyiwei Yang
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Mechanics of Functional Materials Group, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kunz
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Physical Metallurgy Group, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Bai-Xiang Xu
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Mechanics of Functional Materials Group, Technical University of Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Ensinger
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Materials Analysis Group, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Leopoldo Molina-Luna
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences, Advanced Electron Microscopy Group, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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28
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Liu L, Lopez-Haro M, Calvino JJ, Corma A. Tutorial: structural characterization of isolated metal atoms and subnanometric metal clusters in zeolites. Nat Protoc 2020; 16:1871-1906. [PMID: 32887974 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The encapsulation of subnanometric metal entities (isolated metal atoms and metal clusters with a few atoms) in porous materials such as zeolites can be an effective strategy for the stabilization of those metal species and therefore can be further used for a variety of catalytic reactions. However, owing to the complexity of zeolite structures and their low stability under the electron beam, it is challenging to obtain atomic-level structural information of the subnanometric metal species encapsulated in zeolite crystallites. In this protocol, we show the application of a scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) technique that records simultaneously the high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) images and integrated differential phase-contrast (iDPC) images for structural characterization of subnanometric Pt and Sn species within MFI zeolite. The approach relies on the use of a computational model to simulate results obtained under different conditions where the metals are present in different positions within the zeolite. This imaging technique allows to obtain simultaneously the spatial information of heavy elements (Pt and Sn in this work) and the zeolite framework structure, enabling direct determination of the location of the subnanometric metal species. Moreover, we also present the combination of other spectroscopy techniques as complementary tools for the STEM-iDPC imaging technique to obtain global understanding and insights on the spatial distributions of subnanometric metal species in zeolite structure. These structural insights can provide guidelines for the rational design of uniform metal-zeolite materials for catalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Liu
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Lopez-Haro
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jose J Calvino
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Avelino Corma
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain.
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29
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Li G, Fang K, Chen Y, Ou Y, Mao S, Yuan W, Wang Y, Yang H, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Unveiling the gas-dependent sintering behavior of Au-TiO2 catalysts via environmental transmission electron microscopy. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Rahmati M, Safdari MS, Fletcher TH, Argyle MD, Bartholomew CH. Chemical and Thermal Sintering of Supported Metals with Emphasis on Cobalt Catalysts During Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis. Chem Rev 2020; 120:4455-4533. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Rahmati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Mohammad-Saeed Safdari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | | | - Morris D. Argyle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Calvin H. Bartholomew
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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31
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Juneau M, Liu R, Peng Y, Malge A, Ma Z, Porosoff MD. Characterization of Metal‐zeolite Composite Catalysts: Determining the Environment of the Active Phase. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201902039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Juneau
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Rochester Rochester NY-14627 USA
| | - Renjie Liu
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Rochester Rochester NY-14627 USA
| | - Yikang Peng
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Rochester Rochester NY-14627 USA
| | - Akhilesh Malge
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Rochester Rochester NY-14627 USA
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Rochester Rochester NY-14627 USA
| | - Marc D. Porosoff
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Rochester Rochester NY-14627 USA
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32
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Zhao D, Zhang G, Yan L, Kong L, Zheng H, Mi J, Li Z. Carbon nanotube-supported Cu-based catalysts for oxidative carbonylation of methanol to methyl carbonate: effect of nanotube pore size. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy02407g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The inner diameter of CNTs significantly affected the location, dispersion, autoreduction and stability of Cu species and thus the catalytic activity and stability for oxidative carbonylation of methanol to dimethyl carbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province
- Institute of Coal chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province
- Institute of Coal chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- China
| | - Lifei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province
- Institute of Coal chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- China
| | - Lingqi Kong
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province
- Institute of Coal chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- China
| | - Huayan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province
- Institute of Coal chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- China
| | - Jie Mi
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province
- Institute of Coal chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- China
| | - Zhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology of Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province
- Institute of Coal chemical Engineering
- Taiyuan University of Technology
- Taiyuan 030024
- China
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33
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Li Z, Ji S, Liu Y, Cao X, Tian S, Chen Y, Niu Z, Li Y. Well-Defined Materials for Heterogeneous Catalysis: From Nanoparticles to Isolated Single-Atom Sites. Chem Rev 2019; 120:623-682. [PMID: 31868347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The use of well-defined materials in heterogeneous catalysis will open up numerous new opportunities for the development of advanced catalysts to address the global challenges in energy and the environment. This review surveys the roles of nanoparticles and isolated single atom sites in catalytic reactions. In the second section, the effects of size, shape, and metal-support interactions are discussed for nanostructured catalysts. Case studies are summarized to illustrate the dynamics of structure evolution of well-defined nanoparticles under certain reaction conditions. In the third section, we review the syntheses and catalytic applications of isolated single atomic sites anchored on different types of supports. In the final part, we conclude by highlighting the challenges and opportunities of well-defined materials for catalyst development and gaining a fundamental understanding of their active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Shufang Ji
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Xing Cao
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Shubo Tian
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yuanjun Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Zhiqiang Niu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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34
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Wang L, Wang L, Meng X, Xiao FS. New Strategies for the Preparation of Sinter-Resistant Metal-Nanoparticle-Based Catalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901905. [PMID: 31478282 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Supported metal nanoparticles are widely used as catalysts in the industrial production of chemicals, but still suffer from deactivation because of metal leaching and sintering at high temperature. In recent years, serious efforts have been devoted to developing new strategies for stabilizing metal nanoparticles. Recent developments for preparing sinter-resistant metal-nanoparticle catalysts via strong metal-support interactions, encapsulation with oxide or carbon layers and within mesoporous materials, and fixation in zeolite crystals, are briefly summarized. Furthermore, the current challenges and future perspectives for the preparation of highly efficient and extraordinarily stable metal-nanoparticle-based catalysts, and suggestions regarding the mechanisms involved in sinter resistance, are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiang Wang
- Key Lab of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Lab of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiangju Meng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Feng-Shou Xiao
- Key Lab of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China
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35
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Bergmann A, Roldan Cuenya B. Operando Insights into Nanoparticle Transformations during Catalysis. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arno Bergmann
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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36
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Epicier T, Koneti S, Avenier P, Cabiac A, Gay AS, Roiban L. 2D & 3D in situ study of the calcination of Pd nanocatalysts supported on delta-Alumina in an Environmental Transmission Electron Microscope. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Oxidative Thermal Sintering and Redispersion of Rh Nanoparticles on Supports with High Oxygen Ion Lability. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9060541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal sintering under oxidative conditions of Rh nanoparticles supported on oxides characterized by very different oxygen storage capacities (OSC) and labilities was studied at 750 and 850 °C. Under sintering conditions, significant particle growth occurred for Rh/γ-Al2O3 (up to 120% at 850 °C). In striking contrast, Rh/ACZ (alumina–ceria–zirconia) and Rh/CZ (ceria–zirconia) exhibited marked resistance to sintering, and even moderate (ca. −10% at 850 °C) to pronounced (ca. −60% at 850 °C) redispersion of the Rh. A model is proposed based on a double-layer description of metal–support interactions assigned to back-spillover of labile oxygen ions onto the Rh particles, accompanied by trapping of atomic Rh by the resulting surface oxygen vacancies. This model accounts for the observed resistance to sintering and actual redispersion of Rh, consistent with both alternative sintering mechanisms, namely Ostwald ripening (OR) or particle migration and coalescence (PMC).
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38
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Nayak C, Jain P, Vinod CP, Jha SN, Bhattacharyya D. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of the Fischer-Tropsch reaction with a Co catalyst. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:137-144. [PMID: 30655478 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577518015588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the setting up of a facility on the energy-scanning EXAFS beamline (BL-09) at RRCAT, Indore, India, for operando studies of structure-activity correlation during a catalytic reaction. The setup was tested by operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) studies performed on a Co-based catalyst during the Fischer-Tropsch reaction to obtain information regarding structural changes in the catalyst during the reaction. Simultaneous gas chromatography (GC) measurements during the reaction facilitate monitoring of the product gases, which in turn gives information regarding the activity of the catalyst. The combination of XAS and GC techniques was used to correlate the structural changes with the activity of the catalyst at different reaction temperatures. The oxide catalyst was reduced to the metallic phase by heating at 400°C for 5 h under H2 at ambient pressure and subsequently the catalytic reaction was studied at four different temperatures of 240, 260, 280 and 320°C. The catalyst was studied for 10 h at 320°C and an attempt has been made to understand the process of its deactivation from the XANES and EXAFS results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrani Nayak
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Preeti Jain
- Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - C P Vinod
- Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry Division, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - S N Jha
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - D Bhattacharyya
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
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39
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Yuan W, Zhang D, Ou Y, Fang K, Zhu B, Yang H, Hansen TW, Wagner JB, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Wang Y. Direct In Situ TEM Visualization and Insight into the Facet‐Dependent Sintering Behaviors of Gold on TiO
2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and TechnologyShanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Yang Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Ke Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Beien Zhu
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and TechnologyShanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Hangsheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Thomas W. Hansen
- Center for Electron NanoscopyTechnical University of Denmark 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Jakob B. Wagner
- Center for Electron NanoscopyTechnical University of Denmark 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Ze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yi Gao
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and TechnologyShanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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40
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Yuan W, Zhang D, Ou Y, Fang K, Zhu B, Yang H, Hansen TW, Wagner JB, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Wang Y. Direct In Situ TEM Visualization and Insight into the Facet-Dependent Sintering Behaviors of Gold on TiO 2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16827-16831. [PMID: 30397982 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Preventing sintering of supported nanocatalysts is an important issue in nanocatalysis. A feasible way is to choose a suitable support. However, whether the metal-support interactions promote or prevent the sintering has not been fully identified. Now, completely different sintering behaviors of Au nanoparticles on distinct anatase TiO2 surfaces have been determined by in situ TEM. The full in situ sintering processes of Au nanoparticles were visualized on TiO2 (101) surface, which coupled the Ostwald ripening and particle migration coalescence. In contrast, no sintering of Au on TiO2 anatase (001) surface was observed under the same conditions. This facet-dependent sintering mechanism is fully explained by the density function theory calculations. This work not only offers direct evidence of the important role of supports in the sintering process, but also provides insightful information for the design of sintering-resistant nanocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Yang Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ke Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Beien Zhu
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Hangsheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Thomas W Hansen
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jakob B Wagner
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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41
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Wan Q, Wei F, Wang Y, Wang F, Zhou L, Lin S, Xie D, Guo H. Single atom detachment from Cu clusters, and diffusion and trapping on CeO 2(111): implications in Ostwald ripening and atomic redispersion. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17893-17901. [PMID: 30225476 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06232c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ostwald ripening is a key mechanism for sintering of highly dispersed metal nanoparticles in supported catalysts. However, our microscopic understanding of such processes is still primitive. In this work, the atomistic mechanism of the Ostwald ripening of Cu on CeO2(111) is examined via density functional theory calculations. In particular, the detachment of a single Cu atom from ceria supported Cun (n = 2-10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20) clusters and trapping on the CeO2(111) surface is investigated in the absence and presence of CO adsorption. It is shown that the adsorption of CO on Cu reduces its detachment energy, which helps in the formation of single atom species on CeO2(111). In addition, the Cu1-CO species is found to diffuse on the CeO2(111) surface with a much lower barrier than a Cu atom. These observations suggest an efficient mechanism for the Ostwald ripening of Cu clusters supported on ceria in the presence of CO. It is further predicted that the Cu1-CO species can eventually migrate to a step site on ceria, generating a stable single-atom motif with a relatively larger binding energy. Finally, the single Cu atom catalyst is shown to possess high activity for the oxygen reduction reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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42
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Starinskiy SV, Sulyaeva VS, Shukhov YG, Cherkov AG, Timoshenko NI, Bulgakov AV, Safonov AI. Comparison of structures of gold nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation and magnetron sputtering. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476617080157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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43
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Zhang L, Li J, You H, Ma C, Lan S, Wu Z, Zeng J, Tian F, Fang J. In Situ Probing of the Particle-Mediated Mechanism of WO 3 -Networked Structures Grown inside Confined Mesoporous Channels. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:1702565. [PMID: 29205816 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanocasting, using ordered mesoporous silica or carbon as a hard template, has enormous potential for preparing novel mesoporous materials with new structures and compositions. Although a variety of mesoporous materials have been synthesized in recent years, the growth mechanism of nanostructures in a confined space, such as mesoporous channels, is not well understood, which hampers the controlled synthesis and further application of mesoporous materials. Here, the nucleation and growth of WO3 -networked mesostructures within an ordered mesoporous matrix, using an in situ transmission electron microscopy heating technique and in situ synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering spectroscopy, are probed. It is found that the formation of WO3 mesostructures involves a particle-mediated transformation and coalescence mechanism. The liquid-like particle-mediated aggregation and mesoscale transformation process can occur in ≈10 nm confined mesoporous channels, which is completely unexpected. The detailed mechanistic study will be of great help for experimental design and to exploit a variety of mesoporous materials for diverse applications, such as catalysis, absorption, separation, energy storage, biomedicine, and nanooptics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shann xi, 710049, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shann xi, 710049, China
| | - Hongjun You
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shann xi, 710049, China
| | - Chuansheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shann xi, 710049, China
| | - Si Lan
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Zhenduo Wu
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jianrong Zeng
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Jixiang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shann xi, 710049, China
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44
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Su YQ, Liu JX, Filot IAW, Hensen EJM. Theoretical Study of Ripening Mechanisms of Pd Clusters on Ceria. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017; 29:9456-9462. [PMID: 29170602 PMCID: PMC5695895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b03555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We carried out density functional theory calculations to investigate the ripening of Pd clusters on CeO2(111). Starting from stable Pd n clusters (n = 1-21), we compared how these clusters can grow through Ostwald ripening and coalescence. As Pd atoms have mobility higher than that of Pd n clusters on the CeO2(111) surface, Ostwald ripening is predicted to be the dominant sintering mechanism. Particle coalescence is possible only for clusters with less than 5 Pd atoms. These ripening mechanisms are facilitated by adsorbed CO through lowering barriers for the cluster diffusion, detachment of a Pd atom from clusters, and transformation of initial planar clusters.
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45
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Luo L, Engelhard MH, Shao Y, Wang C. Revealing the Dynamics of Platinum Nanoparticle Catalysts on Carbon in Oxygen and Water Using Environmental TEM. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Langli Luo
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory and ‡Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Mark H. Engelhard
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory and ‡Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Yuyan Shao
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory and ‡Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Chongmin Wang
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory and ‡Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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46
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Goodman ED, Schwalbe JA, Cargnello M. Mechanistic Understanding and the Rational Design of Sinter-Resistant Heterogeneous Catalysts. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmett D. Goodman
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jay A. Schwalbe
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Matteo Cargnello
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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47
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Finney EE, Finke RG. Catalyst Sintering Kinetics Data: Is There a Minimal Chemical Mechanism Underlying Kinetics Previously Fit by Empirical Power-Law Expressions—and if So, What Are Its Implications? Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric E. Finney
- Department
of Chemistry, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, Washington 98447, United States
| | - Richard G. Finke
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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48
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Nilsson Pingel T, Fouladvand S, Heggen M, Dunin-Borkowski RE, Jäger W, Westenberger P, Phifer D, McNeil J, Skoglundh M, Grönbeck H, Olsson E. Three-Dimensional Probing of Catalyst Ageing on Different Length Scales: A Case Study of Changes in Microstructure and Activity for CO Oxidation of a Pt-Pd/Al2
O3
Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torben Nilsson Pingel
- Competence Centre for Catalysis, Department of Physics; Chalmers University of Technology; 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Sheedeh Fouladvand
- Competence Centre for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Marc Heggen
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute; Jülich Research Centre; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski
- Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute; Jülich Research Centre; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Wolfgang Jäger
- Competence Centre for Catalysis, Department of Physics; Chalmers University of Technology; 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | | | - Daniel Phifer
- FEI-Science Group; 5651 GG Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | | | - Magnus Skoglundh
- Competence Centre for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chalmers University of Technology; 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Henrik Grönbeck
- Competence Centre for Catalysis, Department of Physics; Chalmers University of Technology; 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Eva Olsson
- Competence Centre for Catalysis, Department of Physics; Chalmers University of Technology; 41296 Gothenburg Sweden
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Schmidt AF, Kurokhtina AA, Larina EV. Kinetic aspects of operando studies: state-of-the-art and unexplored possibilities. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Navas H, Picher M, Andrieux-Ledier A, Fossard F, Michel T, Kozawa A, Maruyama T, Anglaret E, Loiseau A, Jourdain V. Unveiling the Evolutions of Nanotube Diameter Distribution during the Growth of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2017; 11:3081-3088. [PMID: 28285520 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In situ and ex situ Raman measurements were used to study the dynamics of the populations of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) during their catalytic growth by chemical vapor deposition. Our study reveals that the nanotube diameter distribution strongly evolves during SWCNT growth but in dissimilar ways depending on the growth conditions. We notably show that high selectivity can be obtained using short or moderate growth times. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy observations support that Ostwald ripening is the key process driving these seemingly contradictory results by regulating the size distribution and lifetime of the active catalyst particles. Ostwald ripening appears as the main termination mechanism for the smallest diameter tubes, whereas carbon poisoning dominates for the largest ones. By unveiling the key concept of dynamic competition between nanotube growth and catalyst ripening, we show that time can be used as an active parameter to control the growth selectivity of carbon nanotubes and other 1D systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Navas
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier , 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Matthieu Picher
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier , 34095 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Frédéric Fossard
- Laboratoire d'étude des microstructures, CNRS-ONERA , 92322 Châtillon, France
| | - Thierry Michel
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier , 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Akinari Kozawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Meijo University , 468-8502 Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maruyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Meijo University , 468-8502 Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eric Anglaret
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier , 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Annick Loiseau
- Laboratoire d'étude des microstructures, CNRS-ONERA , 92322 Châtillon, France
| | - Vincent Jourdain
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier , 34095 Montpellier, France
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