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Wang Z, Lu D, Kondamareddy KK, He Y, Gu W, Li J, Fan H, Wang H, Ho W. Recent Advances and Insights in Designing Zn xCd 1-xS-Based Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production and Synergistic Selective Oxidation to Value-Added Chemical Production. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:48895-48926. [PMID: 39235068 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c09599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Combining the hydrogen (H2) extraction process and organic oxidation synthesis in photooxidation-reduction reactions mediated by semiconductors is a desirable strategy because rich chemicals are evolved as byproducts along with hydrogen in trifling conditions upon irradiation, which is the only effort. The bifunctional photocatalytic strategy facilitates the feasible formation of a C═O/C─C bond from a large number of compounds containing a X-H (X = C, O) bond; therefore, the production of H2 can be easily realized without support from third agents like chemical substances, thus providing an eco-friendly and appealing organic synthesis strategy. Among the widely studied semiconductor nanomaterials, ZnxCd1-xS has been continuously studied and explored by researchers over the years, and it has attracted much consideration owing to its unique advantages such as adjustable band edge position, rich elemental composition, excellent photoelectric properties, and ability to respond to visible light. Therefore, nanostructures based on ZnxCd1-xS have been widely studied as a feasible way to efficiently prepare hydrogen energy and selectively oxidize it into high-value fine chemicals. In this Review, first, the crystal and energy band structures of ZnxCd1-xS, the model of twin nanocrystals, the photogenerated charge separation mechanism of the ZB-WZ-ZB homojunction with crisscross bands, and the Volmer-Weber growth mechanism of ZnxCd1-xS are described. Second, the morphology, structure, modification, synthesis, and vacancy engineering of ZnxCd1-xS are surveyed, summarized, and discussed. Then, the research progress in ZnxCd1-xS-based photocatalysis in photocatalytic hydrogen extraction (PHE) technology, the mechanism of PHE, organic substance (benzyl alcohol, methanol, etc.) dehydrogenation, the factors affecting the efficiency of photocatalytic discerning oxidation of organic derivatives, and selective C-H activation and C-C coupling for synergistic efficient dehydrogenation of photocatalysts are described. Conclusively, the challenges in the applicability of ZnxCd1-xS-based photocatalysts are addressed for further research development along this line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhennan Wang
- School of Science, Xi'an Polytechnic University, No.19 of Jinhua South Road, Beilin District, Xi'an 710048, P. R. China
| | - Dingze Lu
- School of Science, Xi'an Polytechnic University, No.19 of Jinhua South Road, Beilin District, Xi'an 710048, P. R. China
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Kiran Kumar Kondamareddy
- School of Pure Science, College of Engineering and Technical Vocational Education and Training (CETVET), Fiji National University, Lautoka, Fiji
| | - Yang He
- School of Science, Xi'an Polytechnic University, No.19 of Jinhua South Road, Beilin District, Xi'an 710048, P. R. China
| | - Wenju Gu
- School of Science, Xi'an Polytechnic University, No.19 of Jinhua South Road, Beilin District, Xi'an 710048, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Science, Xi'an Polytechnic University, No.19 of Jinhua South Road, Beilin District, Xi'an 710048, P. R. China
| | - Huiqing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, China
| | - Wingkei Ho
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
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Chiani E, Ghasemi S, Azizi SN. Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Imidacloprid Based on Iron Metal-Organic Frameworks of Mesoporous NH 2-MIL-88b/Graphite Carbon Nitride Nanocomposites by Visible Light Driven in Aqueous Media. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:26983-27001. [PMID: 38947846 PMCID: PMC11209690 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides that protect crops from insects and other pests are some of the main causes of water pollution. Imidacloprid (IMC) is the most widely used insecticide in the world and should be removed from the environment. This work aims to prepare mesoporous nanocomposites to increase the photodegradation efficiency of IMC. To improve the surface properties and enhance the photocatalytic activity, mesoporous nanocomposites with different weight ratios of graphite carbon nitride (CN = 125, 250, and 500 mg) were prepared by the solvothermal method. Mesoporous NH2-MIL-88b(Fe)/graphite carbon nitride (CN = 250 mg, NH2-MCN-2) nanocomposites showed the best photocatalytic performance. To save the time and cost of the experiments, central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used and the results were obtained as the initial concentration of IMC (20 mg L-1), amount of photocatalyst (0.76 g L-1), pH = 5, and degradation time ∼46 min. The maximum photocatalytic degradation efficiency estimated by the model was obtained at 96.31%, which is very close to the actual value of 95.47%. The mesoporous NH2-MCN-2 nanocomposite showed excellent stability and suitable reusability with a maximum degradation of 84.5% after five cycles. Results obtained from kinetic studies indicated a rate constant value of 0.08 min-1, and isotherm models showed that equilibrium data are more consistent with the Langmuir model in photocatalytic degradation. Electrochemical experiments showed significant improvement in the electron transfer rate and photocatalytic activity of the mesoporous NH2-MCN-2 nanocomposite. Different trapping agents were used to investigate the effective active species in IMC photodegradation, and it was determined that the hole (h+) and OH radical (•OH) play the main role. The possible mechanism for IMC photocatalytic degradation was suggested by Mott-Schottky (M-S) electrochemical impedance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Chiani
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar 47416-95447, Iran
| | - Shahram Ghasemi
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar 4741695447, Iran
| | - Seyed Naser Azizi
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar 47416-95447, Iran
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Shcherban ND, Kholkina E, Sergiienko S, Kovalevsky AV, Bezverkhyy I, Murzin DY. Carboxymethylation of Cinnamyl Alcohol with Dimethyl Carbonate over Graphitic Carbon Nitrides. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300600. [PMID: 37994628 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
A set of graphitic carbon nitride samples was prepared using a straightforward experimental procedure without templates and any subsequent treatments. The materials were studied in-depth using a range of physical and chemical methods such as X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis (CHN), nitrogen physisorption, SEM, XPS, TPD CO2. The resulting g-C3N4 was shown to be highly efficient in carboxymethylation of cinnamyl alcohol with dimethyl carbonate yielding up to ca. 82 % of the desired cinnamyl methyl carbonate. In the studied conditions, an increase in the surface N atomic content leads to an increase in selectivity towards the desired carbonate, while a higher surface O content was beneficial for side products. Metal-free graphitic carbon nitride was shown to be one of the most productive (ca. 2 mol/h kgcat) in the investigated reaction among studied heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya D Shcherban
- L.V. Pysarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine, 31 pr. Nauky, 03028, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henriksgatan 2, 20500, Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Kholkina
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henriksgatan 2, 20500, Turku/Åbo, Finland
| | - Sergii Sergiienko
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Andrei V Kovalevsky
- Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Igor Bezverkhyy
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 9 Av. A. Savary, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Dmitry Yu Murzin
- Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Henriksgatan 2, 20500, Turku/Åbo, Finland
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Torres-Pinto A, Velo-Gala I, Ribeirinho-Soares S, Nunes OC, Silva CG, Faria JL, Silva AMT. Novel photoelectrochemical 3D-system for water disinfection by deposition of modified carbon nitride on vitreous carbon foam. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:117019. [PMID: 37652219 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) is an optical semiconductor with excellent photoactivity under visible light irradiation. It has been widely applied for organic micropollutant removal from contaminated water, and less investigated for microorganisms' inactivation. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism using GCN is attributed to a series of reactions with reactive oxygen species and photogenerated holes that can be boosted by modifying its physical-chemical structure. This work reports a successful improvement of the overall photocatalytic and electrocatalytic activities of the pristine material by thermal and chemical modification by a copolymerisation synthesis method. The copolymerisation of dicyandiamide as a precursor with barbituric acid strongly reduced photoluminescence due to the enhanced charge separation thus improving the catalyst efficiency under visible light irradiation. The material with 1.6 wt% of barbituric acid showed the best photocatalytic performance and electrochemical properties. This photocatalyst was selected for immobilisation on a conductive carbon foam, which promotes a higher electrochemical active surface area and enhanced mass transfer. This three-dimensional metal-free electrode was employed for the photoelectrochemical inactivation of two different microorganisms, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis, obtaining removals below the detection limit after 30 min in simulated faecal-contaminated waters. This photoelectrochemical reactor was also applied to treat polluted river and urban waste waters, and the faecal contamination indicators were vastly reduced to values below the detection limit in 60 min in both cases, showing the wide applicability of this innovative photoelectrode for different types of polluted aqueous matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Torres-Pinto
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inmaculada Velo-Gala
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Jaén University, 23071, Jaén, Spain.
| | - Sara Ribeirinho-Soares
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olga C Nunes
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia G Silva
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquim L Faria
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
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Moura NMM, Moreira X, Da Silva ES, Faria JL, Neves MGPMS, Almeida A, Faustino MAF, Gomes ATPC. Efficient Strategies to Use β-Cationic Porphyrin-Imidazolium Derivatives in the Photoinactivation of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15970. [PMID: 37958951 PMCID: PMC10647407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a critical global health issue and the development of alternatives to conventional antibiotics is of the upmost relevance. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is considered a promising and innovative approach for the photoinactivation of microorganisms, particularly in cases where traditional antibiotics may be less effective due to resistance or other limitations. In this study, two β-modified monocharged porphyrin-imidazolium derivatives were efficiently incorporated into polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) formulations and supported into graphitic carbon nitride materials. Both porphyrin-imidazolium derivatives displayed remarkable photostability and the ability to generate cytotoxic singlet oxygen. These properties, which have an important impact on achieving an efficient photodynamic effect, were not compromised after incorporation/immobilization. The prepared PVP-porphyrin formulations and the graphitic carbon nitride-based materials displayed excellent performance as photosensitizers to photoinactivate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (99.9999% of bacteria) throughout the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. In each matrix, the most rapid action against S. aureus was observed when using PS 2. The PVP-2 formulation needed 10 min of exposure to white light at 5.0 µm, while the graphitic carbon nitride hybrid GCNM-2 required 20 min at 25.0 µm to achieve a similar level of response. These findings suggest the potential of graphitic carbon nitride-porphyrinic hybrids to be used in the environmental or clinical fields, avoiding the use of organic solvents, and might allow for their recovery after treatment, improving their applicability for bacteria photoinactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno M. M. Moura
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (X.M.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.A.F.F.)
| | - Xavier Moreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (X.M.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.A.F.F.)
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Eliana Sousa Da Silva
- LSRE-LCM—Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (E.S.D.S.); (J.L.F.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Luís Faria
- LSRE-LCM—Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (E.S.D.S.); (J.L.F.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria G. P. M. S. Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (X.M.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.A.F.F.)
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Maria A. F. Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (X.M.); (M.G.P.M.S.N.); (M.A.F.F.)
| | - Ana T. P. C. Gomes
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
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Zhen N, Dong J, Lin Z, Lu W, Li J, Chi Y, Hu C. A Rhombus-Like Tetrameric Vanadoniobate Containing Pseudo-Sandwich-Type {Li ⊂ V 2O 8(Nb 5O 14) 2} and Its Electrocatalytic Activity for the Selective Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13824-13831. [PMID: 37585392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing research on V-containing polyoxoniobates (PONbs) is driven by their diverse structures and potential applications. Although Lindqvist-type {Nb6O19} is a widely used building block in PONbs, vanadoniobates based on {Nb6O19} and/or its derivatives are still very limited. Herein, a discrete vanadoniobate, LiNa14K11[Li2 ⊂ VIV8Nb32O110]·45H2O (1), has been synthesized by a hydrothermal method, which shows a rhombus-like tetrameric structure composed of two {V2O6(Nb6O19)} and two {Li ⊂ V2O8(Nb5O14)2} subunits derived from {Nb6O19}. Notably, the {Li ⊂ V2O8(Nb5O14)2} subunit has an interesting pseudo-sandwich-type structure, where a {LiV2O8} belt is coordinated by two monolacunary {Nb5O14} molecules and the central site of the cluster is occupied by Li+. Considering that 1 has both basic hexaniobates and redox active V centers, 1 was used as a noble metal-free electrocatalyst for the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde, achieving complete conversion of benzyl alcohol with 94% selectivity for benzaldehyde in 3 h under ambient conditions without using any alkaline additives. Moreover, the catalytic performance of 1 remained largely unchanged after four cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102401, P.R. China
| | - Jing Dong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P.R. China
| | - Zhengguo Lin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei 050010, P.R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102401, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102401, P.R. China
| | - Yingnan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102401, P.R. China
| | - Changwen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102401, P.R. China
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Wen J, Zhou L, Tang Q, Xiao X, Sun S. Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants by carbon quantum dots functionalized g-C 3N 4: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115133. [PMID: 37327524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has received much attention due to its unique characteristics of stable physicochemical features, facile preparation, and inexpensive cost. However, the bulk g-C3N4 has a weak capacity for pollutant degradation and needs to be modified for real application. Therefore, extensive research has been done on g-C3N4, and the discovery of the novel zero-dimensional nanomaterials known as carbon quantum dots (CQDs) provided it with a unique modification option. In this review, the development for the removal of organic pollutants by g-C3N4/CQDs was discussed. Firstly, the preparation of g-C3N4/CQDs were introduced. Then, the application and the degradation mechanism of g-C3N4/CQDs were briefly described. And the discussion of the influencing factors on g-C3N4/CQDs' ability to degrade organic pollutants came in third. Finally, the conclusions of photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants by g-C3N4/CQDs and future perspectives followed. This review will strengthen the understanding of the photocatalytic degradation of real organic wastewater by g-C3N4/CQDs, including their preparation, application, mechanism, and influencing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Wen
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Lean Zhou
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Xiaozhen Xiao
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Shiquan Sun
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China.
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Garcia-Munoz P, Valenzuela L, Wegstein D, Schanz T, Lopez GE, Ruppert AM, Remita H, Bloh JZ, Keller N. Photocatalytic Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from Molecular Oxygen and Water. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:15. [PMID: 37160833 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is a powerful and green oxidant that allows for the oxidation of a wide span of organic and inorganic substrates in liquid media under mild reaction conditions, and forms only molecular water and oxygen as end products. Hydrogen peroxide is therefore used in a wide range of applications, for which the well-documented and established anthraquinone autoxidation process is by far the dominating production method at the industrial scale. As this method is highly energy consuming and environmentally costly, the search for more sustainable synthesis methods is of high interest. To this end, the article reviews the basis and the recent development of the photocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide. Different oxygen reduction and water oxidation mechanisms are discussed, as well as several kinetic models, and the influence of the main key reaction parameters is itemized. A large range of photocatalytic materials is reviewed, with emphasis on titania-based photocatalysts and on high-prospect graphitic carbon nitride-based systems that take advantage of advanced bulk and surface synthetic approaches. Strategies for enhancing the performances of solar-driven photocatalysts are reported, and the search for new, alternative, photocatalytic materials is detailed. Finally, the promise of in situ photocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide for water treatment and organic synthesis is described, as well as its coupling with enzymes and the direct in situ synthesis of other technical peroxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Garcia-Munoz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Valenzuela
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), CNRS/University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg, France
| | - Deborah Wegstein
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tobias Schanz
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Girlie Eunice Lopez
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Agnieszka M Ruppert
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
| | - Hynd Remita
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Jonathan Z Bloh
- DECHEMA-Forschungsinstitut, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicolas Keller
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), CNRS/University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, Strasbourg, France.
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Singh R, Dutt S, Sharma P, Sundramoorthy AK, Dubey A, Singh A, Arya S. Future of Nanotechnology in Food Industry: Challenges in Processing, Packaging, and Food Safety. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2200209. [PMID: 37020624 PMCID: PMC10069304 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Over the course of the last several decades, nanotechnology has garnered a growing amount of attention as a potentially valuable technology that has significantly impacted the food industry. Nanotechnology helps in enhancing the properties of materials and structures that are used in various fields such as agriculture, food, pharmacy, and so on. Applications of nanotechnology in the food market have included the encapsulation and distribution of materials to specific locations, the improvement of flavor, the introduction of antibacterial nanoparticles into food, the betterment of prolonged storage, the detection of pollutants, enhanced storage facilities, locating, identifying, as well as consumer awareness. Labeling food goods with nano barcodes helps ensure their security and may also be used to track their distribution. This review article presents a discussion about current advances in nanotechnology along with its applications in the field of food-tech, food packaging, food security, enhancing life of food products, etc. A detailed description is provided about various synthesis routes of nanomaterials, that is, chemical, physical, and biological methods. Nanotechnology is a rapidly improving the field of food packaging and the future holds great opportunities for more enhancement via the development of new nanomaterials and nanosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Singh
- Food Craft InstituteDepartment of Skill DevelopmentNagrotaJammuJammu and Kashmir181221India
| | - Shradha Dutt
- School of SciencesCluster University of JammuJammuJammu and Kashmir180001India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- School of Hospitality and Tourism ManagementUniversity of JammuJammuJammu and Kashmir180006India
| | - Ashok K. Sundramoorthy
- Centre for Nano‐BiosensorsDepartment of ProsthodonticsSaveetha Dental College and HospitalsSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesChennaiTamil Nadu600077India
| | - Aman Dubey
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of JammuJammuJammu and Kashmir180006India
| | - Anoop Singh
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of JammuJammuJammu and Kashmir180006India
| | - Sandeep Arya
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of JammuJammuJammu and Kashmir180006India
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10
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Ruban SM, Ramadass K, Singh G, Talapaneni SN, Kamalakar G, Gadipelly CR, Mannepalli LK, Sugi Y, Vinu A. Organocatalysis with carbon nitrides. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2023; 24:2188879. [PMID: 37007670 PMCID: PMC10054243 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2023.2188879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitrides, a distinguished class of metal-free catalytic materials, have presented a good potential for chemical transformations and are expected to become prominent materials for organocatalysis. This is largely possible due to their low cost, exceptional thermal and chemical stability, non-toxicity, ease of functionalization, porosity development, etc. Especially, the carbon nitrides with increased porosity and nitrogen contents are more versatile than their bulk counterparts for catalysis. These N-rich carbon nitrides are discussed in the earlier parts of the review. Later, the review highlights the role of such carbon nitride materials for the various organic catalytic reactions including Knoevenagel condensation, oxidation, hydrogenation, esterification, transesterification, cycloaddition, and hydrolysis. The recently emerging concepts in carbon nitride-based organocatalysis have been given special attention. In each of the sections, the structure-property relationship of the materials was discussed and related to their catalysis action. Relevant comparisons with other catalytic materials are also discussed to realize their real potential value. The perspective, challenges, and future directions are also discussed. The overall objective of this review is to provide up-to-date information on new developments in carbon nitride-based organic catalysis reactions that could see them rising as prominent catalytic materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujanya Maria Ruban
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Kavitha Ramadass
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Gurwinder Singh
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | | | - Gunda Kamalakar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Yoshihiro Sugi
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), College of Engineering, Science and Environment (CESE), School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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11
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Lopes JC, Moniz T, Sampaio MJ, Silva CG, Rangel M, Faria JL. Efficient synthesis of imines using carbon nitride as photocatalyst. Catal Today 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2023.114045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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12
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Photodegradation of cytostatic drugs by g-C3N4: synthesis, properties and performance fitted by selecting the appropriate precursor. Catal Today 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2023.114068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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13
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Carbon nitride – PVDF photocatalytic membranes for visible-light degradation of venlafaxine as emerging water micropollutant. Catal Today 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2023.114042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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14
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Azhar A, Aanish Ali M, Ali I, Joo Park T, Abdul Basit M. Effective Strategies for Improved Optoelectronic Properties of Graphitic Carbon Nitride: A Review. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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15
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Enhanced boron modified graphitic carbon nitride for the selective photocatalytic production of benzaldehyde. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Ghaffar Rana A, Zahid Hussain M, Hammond N, Vlad Luca S, Fischer RA, Minceva M. Synthesis of Highly Active Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride using Acid‐Functionalized Precursors for Efficient Adsorption and Photodegradation of Endocrine‐Disrupting Compounds. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adeem Ghaffar Rana
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2 Freising 85354 Germany
- Department of Chemical, Polymer, and Composite Materials Engineering University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Lahore 39161 Pakistan
| | - Mian Zahid Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Technical University of Munich Garching 85748 Germany
| | - Nikki Hammond
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2 Freising 85354 Germany
| | - Simon Vlad Luca
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2 Freising 85354 Germany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Technical University of Munich Garching 85748 Germany
| | - Mirjana Minceva
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2 Freising 85354 Germany
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17
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Kuzmin SM, Chulovskaya SA, Dmitrieva OA, Mamardashvili NZ, Koifman OI, Parfenyuk VI. 2H-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3-aminophenyl)porphyrin films: Electrochemical formation and catalyst property testing. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Torres-Pinto A, Silva CG, Faria JL, Silva AM. The effect of precursor selection on the microwave-assisted synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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19
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Ibrahim MM, Mersal GAM, Abdou SN, Mohamed MA, Soliman MM, Al-Juaid SS, Abou Taleb MF, Amin MA. Synthesis, spectral, and X-ray structural characterization of mixed tren-barbitone nickel(II) complex grafted g-C 3N 4 for oxidative stress and antioxidant activities. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2089027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber A. M. Mersal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safaa N. Abdou
- Chemistry Department, Khourma University College, University of Taif, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A. Mohamed
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salih S. Al-Juaid
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal F. Abou Taleb
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt Nasr City, Cairo
| | - Mohammed A. Amin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Fernandes RA, Sampaio MJ, Faria JL, Silva CG. Synthesis of Vitamin B3 through a Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Approach Using Metal-Free Carbon Nitride-Based Catalysts. Molecules 2022; 27:1295. [PMID: 35209082 PMCID: PMC8878246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B3 (nicotinic acid, VB3) was synthesized through the photocatalytic oxidation of 3-pyridinemethanol (3PM) under visible-light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation using metal-free graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) - based materials. A bulk (GCN) material was prepared by a simple thermal treatment using dicyandiamide as the precursor. A post-thermal treatment under static air and nitrogen flow was employed to obtain the GCN-T and GCN-T-N materials, respectively. The conditions adopted during the post-treatment revealed differences in the resulting materials' morphological, electronic, and optical properties. The post-treated photocatalysts revealed an enhanced efficiency in the oxidation of 3PM into VB3, with the GCN-T-N photocatalyst being the best-performing material. The defective surface, reduced crystallinity, and superior photoabsorption of GCN-T-N account for this material's improved performance in the production of VB3. Nevertheless, the presence of nitrogen vacancies in the carbon nitride structure and, consequently, the creation of mid-gap states also accounts to its highly oxidative ability. The immobilization of GCN-T-N in sodium alginate hydrogel was revealed as a promising strategy to produce VB3, avoiding the need for the photocatalyst separation step. Concerning the mechanism of synthesis of VB3 through the photocatalytic oxidation of 3PM, it was possible to identify the presence of 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde (3PC) as the intermediary product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel A. Fernandes
- ALiCE–Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.F.); (M.J.S.); (J.L.F.)
- LSRE-LCM – Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Sampaio
- ALiCE–Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.F.); (M.J.S.); (J.L.F.)
- LSRE-LCM – Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joaquim L. Faria
- ALiCE–Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.F.); (M.J.S.); (J.L.F.)
- LSRE-LCM – Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia G. Silva
- ALiCE–Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (R.A.F.); (M.J.S.); (J.L.F.)
- LSRE-LCM – Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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21
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One-Pot Thermal Synthesis of g-C 3N 4/ZnO Composites for the Degradation of 5-Fluoruracil Cytostatic Drug under UV-LED Irradiation. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030340. [PMID: 35159683 PMCID: PMC8838034 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was used to enhance the photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles for the degradation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) cytostatic drug under UV-LED irradiation. CN/ZnO composites were synthetized by an easy one-pot thermal method, varying the g-C3N4 loading, i.e., from 10 to 67 wt% and a post-thermal exfoliation in air. The physicochemical and optical properties of the materials were analyzed by several techniques. CN/ZnO composites showed a coral-like structure of spherical ZnO wurtzite particles on the g-C3N4 structure. In general, the synergism and heterojunction interface between both phases allowed the enhancement of the mesoporosity, light absorption ability, and the aromaticity of the corresponding composites. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of the CN/ZnO composites was increased with the addition of g-C3N4 in comparison with pristine ZnO. The highest activity was found for the composite containing 25 wt% of g-C3N4 (i.e., CN25/ZnO), reaching the total degradation of 5-FU and a mineralization of 48% at 180 min, as well as a good photostability during four reuse cycles. Experiments with different pH solutions and scavengers allowed for the assessment of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in the 5-FU degradation pathway, with radicals and non-radical species as the main responsible active species. Furthermore, a tentative photocatalytic mechanism was proposed for CN/ZnO composites.
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22
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Torregrosa-Chinillach A, Chinchilla R. Visible Light-Induced Aerobic Oxidative Dehydrogenation of C-N/C-O to C=N/C=O Bonds Using Metal-Free Photocatalysts: Recent Developments. Molecules 2022; 27:497. [PMID: 35056812 PMCID: PMC8780101 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Performing synthetic transformation using visible light as energy source, in the presence of a photocatalyst as a promoter, is currently of high interest, and oxidation reactions carried out under these conditions using oxygen as the final oxidant are particularly convenient from an environmental point of view. This review summarizes the recent developments achieved in the oxidative dehydrogenation of C-N and C-O bonds, leading to C=N and C=O bonds, respectively, using air or pure oxygen as oxidant and metal-free homogeneous or recyclable heterogeneous photocatalysts under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael Chinchilla
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Organic Synthesis (ISO), University of Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain;
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23
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Rojas S, Espinoza-Villalobos N, Salazar R, Escalona N, Contreras D, Melin V, Laguna-Bercero M, Sánchez-Arenillas M, Vergara E, Caceres-Jensen L, Rodriguez-Becerra J, Barrientos L. Selective photocatalytic conversion of guaiacol using g-C3N4 metal free nanosheets photocatalyst to add-value products. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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Pan G, Sun Z. Cu-doped g-C 3N 4 catalyst with stable Cu 0 and Cu + for enhanced amoxicillin degradation by heterogeneous electro-Fenton process at neutral pH. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131257. [PMID: 34182643 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of new heterogeneous Cu-based solid catalysts for hydroxyl radical (∙OH) generation plays a crucial role in degradation of pollutants at neutral pH circumstance. In this work, a Cu-doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) complex was synthesized in one-step pyrolysis process using copper chloride dihydrate and dicyandiamide as precursors. The results reveal that after Cu doping, the bulk structure of g-C3N4 was destroyed with fragmentary morphology formation. Besides, Cu0 and Cu+ were successfully embedded in g-C3N4 sheet. Moreover, amoxicillin (AMX) removal by heterogeneous electro-Fenton process was performed to evaluate the catalytic activity of the Cu-doped g-C3N4. 99.1% AMX removal efficiency was obtained after 60 min electrolysis under neutral pH condition when the current density was 12 mA cm2 and the catalyst dosage was 0.3 g L-1. Both Cu0 and Cu+ were stably retained in the Cu-doped g-C3N4 catalyst and AMX removal efficiency reached 91.1%, even after 5 cycles, manifesting the remarkable stability of Cu-doped g-C3N4. Also, Cu-doped g-C3N4 possessed excellent catalytic activities for AMX removal in various waterbodies. According to the catalytic mechanism analysis, the ∙OH was proved to be the primary reactive species for AMX removal in heterogeneous electro-Fenton process. Based on the identification of sixteen different intermediate products, the possible degradation pathways were proposed. This work provides a simple method to synthesize a Cu-based solid catalyst containing stable Cu0 and Cu + for degradation of pollutants in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Pan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China
| | - Zhirong Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, PR China.
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25
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Muelas-Ramos V, Sampaio MJ, Silva CG, Bedia J, Rodriguez JJ, Faria JL, Belver C. Degradation of diclofenac in water under LED irradiation using combined g-C 3N 4/NH 2-MIL-125 photocatalysts. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126199. [PMID: 34492963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the photocatalytic degradation of diclofenac by hybrid materials prepared by combination of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and titanium-metal organic framework (NH2-MIL-125), in different mass proportions (MOF:C3N4 of 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25). The hybrid materials were fully characterized, and their properties compared to those of the individual components, whose presence was confirmed by XRD. The porous structure was the result of the highly microporous character of the MOF and the non-porous one of g-C3N4. The band gap values were very close to that of MOF component. Photoluminescence measurements suggested an increase on the recombination rate associated to the presence of g-C3N4. Photodegradation tests of diclofenac (10 mg·L-1) were performed under UV LED irradiation at 384 nm. The hybrid materials showed higher photocatalytic activity than the individual components, suggesting the occurrence of some synergistic effect. The photocatalyst with a MOF:g-C3N4 ratio of 50:50 yielded the highest conversion rate, allowing complete disappearance of diclofenac in 2 h. Experiments with scavengers showed that superoxide radicals and holes played a major role in the photocatalytic process photodegradation, being that of hydroxyl radicals less significant. From the identification of by-products species, a degradation pathway was proposed for the degradation of diclofenac under the experimental operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Muelas-Ramos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M J Sampaio
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidad do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frías s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - C G Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidad do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frías s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - J Bedia
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J J Rodriguez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J L Faria
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidad do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frías s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - C Belver
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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26
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Analysis of Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol with Exfoliated Graphitic Carbon Nitride and Light-Emitting Diodes Using Response Surface Methodology. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) involving a Box–Benkhen design (BBD) was employed to analyze the photocatalytic degradation of phenol using exfoliated graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and light-emitting diodes (wavelength = 430 nm). The interaction between three parameters, namely, catalyst concentration (0.25–0.75 g/L), pollutant concentration (20–100 ppm), and pH of the solution (3–10), was examined and modeled. An empirical regression quadratic model was developed to relate the phenol degradation efficiency with these three parameters. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was then applied to examine the significance of the model; this showed that the model is significant with an insignificant lack of fit and an R2 of 0.96. The statistical analysis demonstrated that, in the studied range, phenol concentration considerably affected phenol degradation. The RSM model shows a significant correlation between predicted and experimental values of photocatalytic degradation of phenol. The model’s accuracy was tested for 50 ppm of phenol under optimal conditions involving a catalyst concentration of 0.4 g/L catalysts and a solution pH of 6.5. The model predicted a degradation efficiency of 88.62%, whereas the experimentally achieved efficiency was 83.75%.
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27
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Efficient Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) for Photocatalytic Contaminant Degradation Using Exfoliated Metal-Free Graphitic Carbon Nitride and Visible Light-Emitting Diodes. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11060662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The photocatalytic performance of metal-free graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was examined using visible light-emitting diodes (LEDs). A comparative and parametric study was conducted using the photocatalytic degradation of phenol as a model reaction. The g-C3N4 photocatalyst was synthesized from melamine using thermal condensation, followed by a thermal exfoliation that increases the catalyst surface area from 11 to 170 m2/g. Different characterization techniques, namely X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), and zeta potential analysis, were used to characterize the photocatalyst. A comparison of the photodegradation experiments conducted with a full-spectrum xenon lamp and a custom-made single-wavelength LED immersion lamp showed that the photocatalyst performance was better with the LED immersion lamp. Furthermore, a comparison of the performance of exfoliated and bulk g-C3N4 revealed that exfoliated g-C3N4 completely degraded the pollutant in 90 min, whereas only 25% was degraded with bulk g-C3N4 in 180 min because the exfoliated g-C3N4 enhances the availability of active sites, which promotes the degradation of phenol. Experiments conducted at different pH have shown that acidic pH favors the degradation process. The exfoliated g-C3N4 has shown high photocatalytic performance in the photodegradation of other phenolic compounds, such as catechol, m-cresol, and xylenol, as well.
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28
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Velo-Gala I, Torres-Pinto A, Silva CG, Ohtani B, Silva AMT, Faria JL. Graphitic carbon nitride photocatalysis: the hydroperoxyl radical role revealed by kinetic modelling. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01657a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The behaviour of graphitic carbon nitride photocatalysis for phenol removal and H2O2 evolution was fully analysed by kinetic modelling, rediscovering the contribution of oxygen, reactive oxygen species, photogenerated holes and intermediate products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Velo-Gala
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering – Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
| | - André Torres-Pinto
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering – Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
| | - Cláudia G. Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering – Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
| | - Bunsho Ohtani
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Adrián M. T. Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering – Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
| | - Joaquim L. Faria
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering – Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-465, Portugal
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Lopes JC, Sampaio MJ, Fernandes RA, Lima MJ, Faria JL, Silva CG. Outstanding response of carbon nitride photocatalysts for selective synthesis of aldehydes under UV-LED irradiation. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sun D, Li P, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Lu Y, Duan L, Sarina S, Zhu H, Liu J. Heterogeneous photocatalytic anaerobic oxidation of alcohols to ketones by Pt-mediated hole oxidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11847-11850. [PMID: 33021248 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03325a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We report a platinum nanocluster/graphitic carbon nitride (Pt/g-C3N4) composite solid catalyst with a photocatalytic anaerobic oxidation function for highly active and selective transformation of alcohols to ketones. The desirable products were successfully obtained in good to excellent yields from various functionalized alcohols at room temperature, including unactivated alcohols. Mechanistic studies indicated that the reaction could proceed through a Pt-mediated hole oxidation initiating an α-alcohol radical intermediate followed by a two-electron oxidation pathway. The merit of this strategy offers a general approach towards green and sustainable organic synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhui Sun
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Carbon Nanomaterials, Nano Innovation Institute (NII), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities Tongliao, 028000, China.
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31
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Fernandes RA, Sampaio MJ, Faria JL, Silva CG. Aqueous solution photocatalytic synthesis of p-anisaldehyde by using graphite-like carbon nitride photocatalysts obtained via the hard-templating route. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19431-19442. [PMID: 35515447 PMCID: PMC9054040 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02746d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphite-like carbon nitride (GCN)-based materials were developed via the hard-templating route, using dicyandiamide as the GCN precursor and silica templates. That resulted in urchin-like GCN (GCN-UL), 3D ordered macroporous GCN (GCN-OM) and mesoporous GCN (GCN-MP). The introduction of silica templates during GCN synthesis produced physical defects on its surface, as confirmed by SEM analysis, increasing their specific surface area. A high amount of nitrogen vacancies is present in modified catalysts (revealed by XPS measurements), which can be related to an increase in the reactive sites available to catalyse redox reactions. The textural and morphological modifications induced in GCN an enhanced light absorption capacity and reduced electron/hole recombination rate, contributing to its improved photocatalytic performance. In the photocatalytic conversion of p-anisyl alcohol to p-anisaldehyde in deoxygenated aqueous solutions under UV-LED irradiation, the GCN-UL was the best photocatalyst reaching 60% yield at 64% conversion for p-anisaldehyde production after 240 min of reaction. Under oxygenated conditions (air), the process efficiency was increased to 79% yield at 92% conversion only after 90 min reaction. The GCN-based photocatalyst kept its performance when using visible-LED radiation under air atmosphere. Trapping of photogenerated holes and radicals by selective scavengers showed that under deoxygenated conditions, holes played the primary role in the p-anisaldehyde synthesis. Under oxygenated conditions, the process is governed by the effect of reactive oxygen species, namely superoxide radicals, with a significant contribution from holes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel A Fernandes
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n 4200-465 Porto Portugal
| | - Maria J Sampaio
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n 4200-465 Porto Portugal
| | - Joaquim L Faria
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n 4200-465 Porto Portugal
| | - Cláudia G Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n 4200-465 Porto Portugal
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32
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Zhang S, Li G, Duan L, Wang H, Zhao Y, Zhang Y. g-C 3N 4 synthesized from NH 4SCN in a H 2 atmosphere as a high performance photocatalyst for blue light-driven degradation of rhodamine B. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19669-19685. [PMID: 35515434 PMCID: PMC9054138 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02454f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was prepared by a simple thermal polymerization method in this work. The effects of precursor type, thermal polymerization temperature, constant temperature time and atmosphere on the crystal structure, morphology, elemental composition, valence distribution, light absorption properties and photocatalytic activity of the prepared photocatalytic materials were investigated. Taking rhodamine B (RhB) as the target degradant, the blue light catalytic activity of the photocatalytic material was studied in detail. The experimental results showed that the final pyrolysis temperature and constant temperature time are positively related to the adsorption characteristics and photocatalytic ability of the prepared materials. In addition, the adsorption capacity and photocatalytic activity of the products obtained in Ar and H2 atmospheres are better than those produced in CO and CH4, which can be attributed to the combined effect of large specific surface area and structural defects of the materials. The sample's large specific surface area, wide band gap, and excellent photogenerated carrier separation and transfer capabilities make the adsorption performance and photocatalytic performance of the products obtained with ammonium thiocyanate and thiourea as precursors better than those prepared from melamine and dicyandiamide. g-C3N4 prepared by using ammonium thiocyanate as precursor at 550 °C for 5 h under a hydrogen atmosphere showed the best catalytic activity for the degradation of RhB under blue light. It was demonstrated that g-C3N4 prepared exhibited good stability and reusability after four repeat experiments. The active components that play major roles in the degradation of RhB described herein were holes and superoxide radicals, which was inferred by free radical trapping experiments. This work provides a theoretical basis for the idea of converting the mixed salts of desulfurization waste liquid containing ammonium thiocyanate into an excellent photocatalyst g-C3N4 with visible light response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Liyuan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Yongle Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Yongfa Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
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Fernandes RA, Sampaio MJ, Dražić G, Faria JL, Silva CG. Efficient removal of parabens from real water matrices by a metal-free carbon nitride photocatalyst. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:135346. [PMID: 31843308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free graphite-like carbon nitride (GCN-500) was obtained by thermal post-treatment of bulk polymeric carbon nitride at 500 °C. The catalyst was thoroughly characterized by morphological, optical and textural analysis techniques. The efficiency of GCN-500 was evaluated under visible (λexc = 417 nm) LED excitation for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl-, ethyl- and propyl-paraben in different water matrices either isolated or in a mixture of the three compounds. The GCN-500 proved to be more efficient than the benchmark TiO2 P25, with complete conversion of the individual parabens within 20 min of irradiation, contrasting with 120 min needed for total degradation using TiO2. Experiments in the presence of selected scavengers confirmed the high importance of superoxide radicals in the photocatalytic oxidation of parabens using GCN-500. The effect of the nature of the aqueous matrix in the kinetics of the photocatalytic process was assessed using ultrapure, tap and river waters spiked with a mixture of the three parabens. Although still very efficient, the complexity of the real water samples turned the degradation process slower due to the presence of other components such as ions and dissolved organic matter. GCN-500 proved to be stable in a continuous-flow system using GCN-500 coated glass rings (GCN-500-GR) to remove MP, EP and PP from real water matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel A Fernandes
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Sampaio
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Goran Dražić
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Joaquim L Faria
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia G Silva
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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34
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One-step synthesis of S-doped g-C3N4 nanosheets for improved visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Chem Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2020.110714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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35
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Li H, Ma A, Zhang D, Gao Y, Dong Y. Rational design direct Z-scheme BiOBr/g-C 3N 4 heterojunction with enhanced visible photocatalytic activity for organic pollutants elimination. RSC Adv 2020; 10:4681-4689. [PMID: 35495249 PMCID: PMC9049124 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10146b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid recombination of photo-generated electrons and holes, as well as a narrow visible light adsorption range are two intrinsic defects in graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based photocatalysts. Inspired by natural photosynthesis, an artificially synthesized Z-scheme photocatalyst can efficaciously restrain the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and enhance the photoabsorption ability. Hence, to figure out the above problems, BiOBr/g-C3N4 composite photocatalysts with different mass ratios of BiOBr were successfully synthesized via a facile template-assisted hydrothermal method which enabled the BiOBr microspheres to in situ grow on the surface of g-C3N4 flakes. Furthermore, to explore the origin of the enhanced photocatalytic activity of BiOBr/g-C3N4 composites, the microstructure, photoabsorption ability and electrochemical property of BiOBr/g-C3N4 composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and photocurrent (PC) response measurements. As a result, the introduction of BiOBr on g-C3N4 to constitute a direct Z-scheme heterojunction system can effectively broaden the light absorption range and promote the separation of photo-generated electron-hole pairs. Hence, compared with pure g-C3N4 and BiOBr, the resultant BiOBr/g-C3N4 composites exhibit the remarkable activity of photodegradated rhodamine B (RhB) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) under visible light irradiation. Simultaneously, the optimal BiOBr content of the BiOBr/g-C3N4 composites was obtained. The BiOBr/g-C3N4 composites exhibit an excellent photostability and reusability after four recycling runs for degradation RhB. Moreover, the active-group-trapping experiment confirmed that ·OH, ·O2 - and h+ were the primary active groups in the degradation process. Based on the above research results, a rational direct Z-scheme heterojunction system is contrastively analyzed and proposed to account for the photocatalytic degradation process of BiOBr/g-C3N4 composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an Shaanxi 710055 China
| | - Aiqiong Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an Shaanxi 710055 China
| | - Dian Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an Shaanxi 710055 China
| | - Yunqin Gao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an Shaanxi 710055 China
| | - Yonghao Dong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an Shaanxi 710055 China
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36
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Shu Z, Tan Y, Zhou J, Li T, Chen J, Chen D, Wang W, Zhao Z, Hu X. A general steam-assisted method for one-step synthesis of polymeric carbon nitride nanosheets with/without doping for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:1939-1947. [PMID: 31907509 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09287k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nano-structuring of polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) is an important strategy to improve its photocatalytic performance, while facile and green methods are scarce yet. Herein, we proposed a novel steam-assisted method to prepare holey PCN nanosheets in one step. Only a green gas template, i.e. steam, decomposed from the recyclable steam source Mg(OH)2 is needed for PCN nano-structuring. Moreover, in situ element doping of nano-structured PCN can be synchronously realized via this method. The holey PCN nanosheets and doped counterparts have boosted visible-light photocatalytic H2 evolution activities 12-35 times that of bulk PCN, benefitting from enlarged specific surface area, suppressed photogenerated electron-hole recombination and prolonged charge carrier lifetime. Steam-assisting may be a useful strategy for the facile and green synthesis of other nanosized PCN materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Shu
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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A Review on Quantum Dots Modified g-C3N4-Based Photocatalysts with Improved Photocatalytic Activity. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 21st century, the development of sustainable energy and advanced technologies to cope with energy shortages and environmental pollution has become vital. Semiconductor photocatalysis is a promising technology that can directly convert solar energy to chemical energy and is extensively used for its environmentally-friendly properties. In the field of photocatalysis, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has obtained increasing interest due to its unique physicochemical properties. Therefore, numerous researchers have attempted to integrate quantum dots (QDs) with g-C3N4 to optimize the photocatalytic activity. In this review, recent progress in combining g-C3N4 with QDs for synthesizing new photocatalysts was introduced. The methods of QDs/g-C3N4-based photocatalysts synthesis are summarized. Recent studies assessing the application of photocatalytic performance and mechanism of modification of g-C3N4 with carbon quantum dots (CQDs), graphene quantum dots (GQDs), and g-C3N4 QDs are herein discussed. Lastly, challenges and future perspectives of QDs modified g-C3N4-based photocatalysts in photocatalytic applications are discussed. We hope that this review will provide a valuable overview and insight for the promotion of applications of QDs modified g-C3N4 based-photocatalysts.
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Yang Q, Wei S, Zhang L, Yang R. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of BiVO 4/C-dots/g-C 3N 4Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts for degradation of minocycline hydrochloride and Rhodamine B: optimization and mechanism investigation. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03375h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BiVO4/C-Dots/g-C3N4Z-scheme photocatalyst with carbon dots as the electron mediators efficiently degrades minocycline hydrochloride and dye wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- People's Republic of China
| | - Limei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- People's Republic of China
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39
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Recent Strategies for Hydrogen Peroxide Production by Metal-Free Carbon Nitride Photocatalysts. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9120990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a chemical which has gained wide importance in several industrial and research fields. Its mass production is mostly performed by the anthraquinone (AQ) oxidation reaction, leading to high energy consumption and significant generation of wastes. Other methods of synthesis found in the literature include the direct synthesis from oxygen and hydrogen. However, this H2O2 production process is prone to explosion hazard or undesirable by‑product generation. With the growing demand of H2O2, the development of cleaner and economically viable processes has been under intense investigation. Heterogeneous photocatalysis for H2O2 production has appeared as a promising alternative since it requires only an optical semiconductor, water, oxygen, and ideally solar light irradiation. Moreover, employing a metal-free semiconductor minimizes possible toxicity consequences and reinforces the sustainability of the process. The most studied metal‑free catalyst employed for H2O2 production is polymeric carbon nitride (CN). Several chemical and physical modifications over CN have been investigated together with the assessment of different sacrificial agents and light sources. This review shows the recent developments on CN materials design for enhancing the synthesis of H2O2, along with the proposed mechanisms of H2O2 production. Finally, the direct in situ generation of H2O2, when dealing with the photocatalytic synthesis of added-value organic compounds and water treatment, is discussed.
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Zhang B, Zhao TJ, Wang HH. Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Aerogel Composed of Crooked Carbon Nitride Nanolayers with Nitrogen Vacancies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:34922-34929. [PMID: 31476855 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-supported aerogel composed of carbon nitride nanolayers can act as a bifunctional photocatalyst and show enhanced photoreduction and photooxidation performance due to the large surface areas and nitrogen vacancies. The carbon nitride aerogel can catalyze hydrogen evolution at a rate of nearly 4.2 mmol h-1 g-1 and oxidize benzyl alcohols with a high conversion efficiency and selectivity under milder conditions. Note that the activity of carbon nitride aerogel for photochemical alcohol oxidation shows outstanding performance compared with carbon nitride based photocatalysts. Both density functional theory and experimental results demonstrate that the introduction of nitrogen vacancies within the carbon nitride aerogel contributes to the formation of a crooked structure and enhanced adsorption of oxygen compared with a bulk sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060 , P. R. China
| | - Tian-Jian Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , P. R. China
| | - Hong-Hui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , P. R. China
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Hu Y, Zhao G, Pan Q, Wang H, Shen Z, Peng B, Busser GW, Wang X, Muhler M. Highly Selective Anaerobic Oxidation of Alcohols Over Fe‐doped SrTiO
3
Under Visible Light. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yezi Hu
- College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 P. R. China
| | - Guixia Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 P. R. China
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Qiushi Pan
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Huihui Wang
- College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 P. R. China
| | - Zewen Shen
- College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 P. R. China
| | - Baoxiang Peng
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - G. Wilma Busser
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Xiangke Wang
- College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 P. R. China
| | - Martin Muhler
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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Photocatalytic Selective Oxidation of Organic Compounds in Graphitic Carbon Nitride Systems: A Review. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-019-09607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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43
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Magnetically recoverable Fe3O4/g-C3N4 composite for photocatalytic production of benzaldehyde under UV-LED radiation. Catal Today 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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44
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Bi-functional catalyst of porous N-doped carbon with bimetallic FeCu for solvent-free resultant imines and hydrogenation of nitroarenes. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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45
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Leal Marchena C, Pecchi GA, Pierella LB. Selective styrene oxidation on alkaline tantalates ATaO3 (A = Li, Na, K) as heterogeneous catalysts. CATAL COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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46
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Rational design 2D/2D BiOBr/CDs/g-C3N4 Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst with carbon dots as solid-state electron mediators for enhanced visible and NIR photocatalytic activity: Kinetics, intermediates, and mechanism insight. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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47
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Wang K, Zhao S, Ma L, Yang M, Qin J, Huang X, Gong L, Xiong Y, Li R. A 3D-honeycomb-like catalyst: a nitrogen-doped carbon material with cobalt and manganese-oxide for C–H bond oxidation. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi00991d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A three dimensional mesoporous honeycomb-like material that is multifunctional and easily recoverable, and shows efficient performance is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- PR China
| | - Shiling Zhao
- Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- PR China
| | - Lei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- PR China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- PR China
| | - Jiaheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- PR China
| | - Xiaokang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- PR China
| | - Li Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- PR China
| | - Yucong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- PR China
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- PR China
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48
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Marcì G, García-López E, Palmisano L. Polymeric carbon nitride (C3N4) as heterogeneous photocatalyst for selective oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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49
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Hamad H, Castelo-Quibén J, Morales-Torres S, Carrasco-Marín F, Pérez-Cadenas AF, Maldonado-Hódar FJ. On the Interactions and Synergism between Phases of Carbon⁻Phosphorus⁻Titanium Composites Synthetized from Cellulose for the Removal of the Orange-G Dye. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11091766. [PMID: 30231540 PMCID: PMC6164880 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon–phosphorus–titanium composites (CPT) were synthesized by Ti-impregnation and carbonization of cellulose. Microcrystalline cellulose used as carbon precursor was initially dissolved by phosphoric acid (H3PO4) to favor the Ti-dispersion and the simultaneous functionalization of the cellulose chains with phosphorus-containing groups, namely phosphates and polyphosphates. These groups interacted with the Ti-precursor during impregnation and determined the interface transformations during carbonization as a function of the Ti-content and carbonization temperature. Amorphous composites with high surface area and mesoporosity were obtained at low Ti-content (Ti:cellulose ratio = 1) and carbonization temperature (500 °C), while in composites with Ti:cellulose ratio = 12 and 800 °C, Ti-particles reacted with the cellulose groups leading to different Ti-crystalline polyphosphates and a marked loss of the porosity. The efficiency of composites in the removal of the Orange G dye in solution by adsorption and photocatalysis was discussed based on their physicochemical properties. These materials were more active than the benchmark TiO2 material (Degussa P25), showing a clear synergism between phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Hamad
- Carbon Materials Research Group, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuentenueva, s/n. ES18071 Granada, Spain.
- Fabrication Technology Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
| | - Jesica Castelo-Quibén
- Carbon Materials Research Group, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuentenueva, s/n. ES18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Sergio Morales-Torres
- Carbon Materials Research Group, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuentenueva, s/n. ES18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco Carrasco-Marín
- Carbon Materials Research Group, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuentenueva, s/n. ES18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Agustín F Pérez-Cadenas
- Carbon Materials Research Group, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuentenueva, s/n. ES18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Maldonado-Hódar
- Carbon Materials Research Group, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida de Fuentenueva, s/n. ES18071 Granada, Spain.
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50
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Heydari-turkmani A, Zakavi S. The first solid state porphyrin-weak acid molecular complex: A novel metal free, nanosized and porous photocatalyst for large scale aerobic oxidations in water. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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