1
|
Bera S, Kabadwal LM, Banerjee D. Harnessing alcohols as sustainable reagents for late-stage functionalisation: synthesis of drugs and bio-inspired compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4607-4647. [PMID: 38525675 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00942d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol is ubiquitous with unparalleled structural diversity and thus has wide applications as a native functional group in organic synthesis. It is highly prevalent among biomolecules and offers promising opportunities for the development of chemical libraries. Over the last decade, alcohol has been extensively used as an environmentally friendly chemical for numerous organic transformations. In this review, we collectively discuss the utilisation of alcohol from 2015 to 2023 in various organic transformations and their application toward intermediates of drugs, drug derivatives and natural product-like molecules. Notable features discussed are as follows: (i) sustainable approaches for C-X alkylation (X = C, N, or O) including O-phosphorylation of alcohols, (ii) newer strategies using methanol as a methylating reagent, (iii) allylation of alkenes and alkynes including allylic trifluoromethylations, (iv) alkenylation of N-heterocycles, ketones, sulfones, and ylides towards the synthesis of drug-like molecules, (v) cyclisation and annulation to pharmaceutically active molecules, and (vi) coupling of alcohols with aryl halides or triflates, aryl cyanide and olefins to access drug-like molecules. We summarise the synthesis of over 100 drugs via several approaches, where alcohol was used as one of the potential coupling partners. Additionally, a library of molecules consisting over 60 fatty acids or steroid motifs is documented for late-stage functionalisation including the challenges and opportunities for harnessing alcohols as renewable resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sourajit Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Lalit Mohan Kabadwal
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Debasis Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mahnaz F, Mangalindan JR, Dharmalingam BC, Vito J, Lin YT, Akbulut M, Varghese JJ, Shetty M. Intermediate Transfer Rates and Solid-State Ion Exchange are Key Factors Determining the Bifunctionality of In 2O 3/HZSM-5 Tandem CO 2 Hydrogenation Catalyst. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:5197-5210. [PMID: 38577585 PMCID: PMC10988559 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c08250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Identifying the descriptors for the synergistic catalytic activity of bifunctional oxide-zeolite catalysts constitutes a formidable challenge in realizing the potential of tandem hydrogenation of CO2 to hydrocarbons (HC) for sustainable fuel production. Herein, we combined CH3OH synthesis from CO2 and H2 on In2O3 and methanol-to-hydrocarbons (MTH) conversion on HZSM-5 and discerned the descriptors by leveraging the distance-dependent reactivity of bifunctional In2O3 and HZSM-5 admixtures. We modulated the distance between redox sites of In2O3 and acid sites of HZSM-5 from milliscale (∼10 mm) to microscale (∼300 μm) and observed a 3-fold increase in space-time yield of HC and CH3OH (7.5 × 10-5 molC gcat-1 min-1 and 2.5 × 10-5 molC gcat-1 min-1, respectively), due to a 10-fold increased rate of CH3OH advection (1.43 and 0.143 s-1 at microscale and milliscale, respectively) from redox to acid sites. Intriguingly, despite the potential of a three-order-of-magnitude enhanced CH3OH transfer at a nanoscale distance (∼300 nm), the sole product formed was CH4. Our reactivity data combined with Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the occurrence of solid-state-ion-exchange (SSIE) between acid sites and Inδ+ ions, likely forming In2O moieties, inhibiting C-C coupling and promoting CH4 formation through CH3OH hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further revealed that CH3OH adsorption on the In2O moiety with preadsorbed and dissociated H2 forming an H-In-OH-In moiety is the likely reaction mechanism, with the kinetically relevant step appearing to be the hydrogenation of the methyl species. Overall, our study revealed that efficient CH3OH transfer and prevention of ion exchange are the key descriptors in achieving catalytic synergy in bifunctional In2O3/HZSM-5 systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Mahnaz
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 100 Spence Street, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jasan Robey Mangalindan
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 100 Spence Street, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Balaji C. Dharmalingam
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Jenna Vito
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 100 Spence Street, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 100 Spence Street, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mustafa Akbulut
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 100 Spence Street, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jithin John Varghese
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Manish Shetty
- Artie
McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 100 Spence Street, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang J, Xu X, Zhao G, You H, Wang R, Li F. Hydrogenation of Quinones to Hydroquinones under Atmospheric Pressure Catalyzed by a Metal-Ligand Bifunctional Iridium Catalyst. Org Lett 2024; 26:1857-1862. [PMID: 38407095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
A general method for the hydrogenation of quinones to hydroquinones under atmospheric pressure has been developed. In the presence of [Cp*Ir(2,2'-bpyO)(H2O)] (0.5-1 mol %), a range of products were obtained in high yields. Furthemore, the expansion of this catalytic system to the hydrogenation of 1,4-benzoquinone diimines was also presented. Functional groups in the bpy ligand were found to be crucial for the catalytic activity of iridium complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Xiangchao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Heng You
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Rongzhou Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu X, Zhang J, Dong B, Li F. Upgrading Ethanol to n-Butanol in the Presence of Carbonate Catalyzed by a Cp*Ir Complex Bearing a Functional 2,2'-Carbonylbibenzimidazole Ligand. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3843-3849. [PMID: 38355102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Upgrading ethanol to n-butanol as biofuels is an important topic for sustainable chemistry. Herein, a Cp*Ir complex bearing a functional 2,2'-carbonylbibenzimidazole ligand [Cp*Ir(2,2'-COBiBzImH2)Cl][Cl] was designed and synthesized. In the presence of a catalyst (0.1 mol %) and Cs2CO3 (6 mol %), the highest yield of updated n-butanol is up to 37% with 80% selectivity. NH units in the ligand are crucially important for the catalytic activity of the iridium complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Beixuan Dong
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen X, Liu D, Yang C, Shi L, Li F. Hexaazatrinaphthalene-Based Covalent Triazine Framework-Supported Rhodium(III) Complex: A Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Reductive Amination of Ketones to Primary Amines. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37285321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalysts is an important topic. Herein, a rhodium(III) complex Cp*Rh@HATN-CTF was synthesized by the coordinative immobilization of [Cp*RhCl2]2 on a hexaazatrinaphthalene-based covalent triazine framework. In the presence of Cp*Rh@HATN-CTF (1 mo l% Rh), a series of primary amines could be obtained via the reductive amination of ketones in high yields. Moreover, catalytic activity of Cp*Rh@HATN-CTF is well maintained during six runs. The present catalytic system was also applied for the large scale preparation of a biologically active compound. It would facilitate the development of CTF-supported transition metal catalysts for sustainable chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Deyun Liu
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Yang
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Lili Shi
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luo S, Xu X, Zhang P, Shi Q, Yang X, Li F. Autotandem Catalyst: From Acylhydrazones to N′, N′-Methylaliphatic Acylhydrazides via Transfer Hydrogenation/ N-Methylation with Methanol Catalyzed by a Cp* Iridium Complex Bearing a Functional Ligand. Org Lett 2022; 24:9081-9085. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Xiangchao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Qixun Shi
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|