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Mincham KT, Akthar S, Patel DF, Meyer GF, Lloyd CM, Gaggar A, Blalock JE, Snelgrove RJ. Airway extracellular LTA 4H concentrations are governed by release from liver hepatocytes and changes in lung vascular permeability. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114630. [PMID: 39146180 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) is a bifunctional enzyme, with dual activities critical in defining the scale of tissue inflammation and pathology. LTA4H classically operates intracellularly, primarily within myeloid cells, to generate pro-inflammatory leukotriene B4. However, LTA4H also operates extracellularly to degrade the bioactive collagen fragment proline-glycine-proline to limit neutrophilic inflammation and pathological tissue remodeling. While the dichotomous functions of LTA4H are dictated by location, the cellular source of extracellular enzyme remains unknown. We demonstrate that airway extracellular LTA4H concentrations are governed by the level of pulmonary vascular permeability and influx of an abundant repository of blood-borne enzyme. In turn, blood LTA4H originates from liver hepatocytes, being released constitutively but further upregulated during an acute phase response. These findings have implications for our understanding of how inflammation and repair are regulated and how perturbations to the LTA4H axis may manifest in pathologies of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T Mincham
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Samia Akthar
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Dhiren F Patel
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Garance F Meyer
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Clare M Lloyd
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Lung Health Center and Gregory Fleming James CF Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James E Blalock
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Lung Health Center and Gregory Fleming James CF Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert J Snelgrove
- Inflammation Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Danino L, Stehling F, Eckerland M, Orhan E, Tschiedel E. Neutrophilia in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid increases coughing during flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in a pediatric cohort. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1347983. [PMID: 39040668 PMCID: PMC11260698 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1347983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study is an addition to the already published prospective randomized double-blinded trial by Tschiedel et al. that compared two different sedation regimes in fiberoptic flexible bronchoscopy in pediatric subjects. The objective of the presented study is to analyze the correlation between the neutrophil percentage of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and coughing episodes during bronchoscopy. Methods Fifty subjects, aged 1-17 years, received flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy under deep sedation. The BALF of 39 subjects was analyzed with reference to cytology and microbiology. Results The percentage of neutrophils from the total cell count ranged from 0% to 95.3% (median 2.7). Nineteen patients (49%) had a percentage of ≥3.0%. Pearson's correlation showed a high correlation (r = 0.529, p = 0.001) between the coughing episodes per minute and the neutrophil percentage in the BALF. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference in neutrophil percentage between the indication groups (p = 0.013). The t-test (p = 0.019) showed a significant difference between the neutrophil percentage for patients with a probable airway infection under immunosuppression (median 2.9) and patients with cystic fibrosis (median 49.6). The linear regression analysis showed a significantly stronger impact of the neutrophil percentage on coughing frequency than the sedation regime (βneutrophils = 0.526 with p = 0.001 vs. βsedation = 0.165 with p = 0.251). Conclusion When bronchoscopy is to be performed on a pediatric patient with suspected bacterial or viral infection, and therefore neutrophilic airway inflammation, coughing is to be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Danino
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Children’s Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Stehling
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Children’s Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Eckerland
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Sleep Medicine, Children’s Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eser Orhan
- Department of Pediatric Research Network, Children's Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eva Tschiedel
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Children’s Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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3
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Xu X, Li JD, Green TJ, Wilson L, Genschmer K, Russell D, Blalock JE, Gaggar A. Neutrophil elastase-dependent cleavage of LTA4H alters its aminopeptidase activity in cystic fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2024; 63:2301512. [PMID: 38387968 PMCID: PMC10918316 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01512-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The enzyme leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) is classically known for its epoxide hydrolase activity that converts leukotriene A4 (LTA4) to the neutrophil chemoattractant LTB4 [1]. In 2010, our group published a study in Science that demonstrated that during an influenza model of acute airway inflammation, LTA4H was released from cells to degrade proline-glycine-proline (PGP), a non-canonical CXCR1 and -2 agonist of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) recruitment and activation [2], thereby attenuating PMN inflammation [3]. This study demonstrates that neutrophil elastase is a major enzyme responsible for the regulation of leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) upon neutrophil activation, altering the aminopeptidase activity of LTA4H in the cystic fibrosis lung https://bit.ly/3SS1tKk
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Lung Health Center and Program in Pulmonary Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Medical Service at Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jin-Dong Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Todd J Green
- Lung Health Center and Program in Pulmonary Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Landon Wilson
- Lung Health Center and Program in Pulmonary Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kristopher Genschmer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Lung Health Center and Program in Pulmonary Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Derek Russell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Lung Health Center and Program in Pulmonary Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J Edwin Blalock
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Lung Health Center and Program in Pulmonary Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Lung Health Center and Program in Pulmonary Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Medical Service at Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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4
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Zheng S, Kummarapurugu AB, Bulut GB, Syed A, Kang L, Voynow JA. Neutrophil elastase activates the release of extracellular traps from COPD blood monocyte-derived macrophages. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:2765-2778. [PMID: 37926919 PMCID: PMC10719474 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil elastase (NE), a major inflammatory mediator in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) airways, impairs macrophage function, contributing to persistence of airway inflammation. We hypothesized that NE activates a novel mechanism of macrophage-induced inflammation: release of macrophage extracellular traps (METs). The METs are composed of extracellular DNA decorated with granule proteinases and oxidants and may trigger persistent airway inflammation in COPD. To test the hypothesis, human blood monocytes were isolated from whole blood of subjects with COPD recruited following informed written consent. Patient demographics and clinical data were collected. Cells were cultured in media with GM-CSF to differentiate into blood monocyte derived macrophages (BMDMs). The BMDMs were treated with FITC-NE and unlabeled NE to determine intracellular localization by confocal microscopy and intracellular proteinase activity by DQ-Elastin assay. After NE exposure, released extracellular traps were quantified by abundance of extracellular DNA in conditioned media using the Pico Green assay. BMDM cell lysates were analyzed by Western analysis for proteolytic degradation of histone H3 or H4 or upregulation of peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD) 2 and 4, two potential mechanisms to mediate extracellular trap DNA release. We observed that NE was taken up by COPD BMDM, localized to the cytosol and nucleus, and retained proteinase activity in the cell. NE induced MET release at doses as low as 50 nM. NE treatment caused histone H3 clipping but no effect on histone H4 nor PAD 2 or 4 abundance or activity. In summary, NE activated COPD MET release by clipping histone H3, a prerequisite for chromatin decondensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zheng
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary MedicineChildren's Hospital of Richmond at VCURichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Apparao B. Kummarapurugu
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary MedicineChildren's Hospital of Richmond at VCURichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Gamze B. Bulut
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary MedicineChildren's Hospital of Richmond at VCURichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Aamer Syed
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineVCURichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Le Kang
- Department of BiostatisticsVCURichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Judith A. Voynow
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary MedicineChildren's Hospital of Richmond at VCURichmondVirginiaUSA
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Tedbury PR, Manfredi C, Degenhardt F, Conway J, Horwath MC, McCracken C, Sorscher AJ, Moreau S, Wright C, Edwards C, Brewer J, Guarner J, de Wit E, Williamson BN, Suthar MS, Ong YT, Roback JD, Alter DN, Holter JC, Karlsen TH, Sacchi N, Romero-Gómez M, Invernizzi P, Fernández J, Buti M, Albillos A, Julià A, Valenti L, Asselta R, Banales JM, Bujanda L, de Cid R, Sarafianos SG, Hong JS, Sorscher EJ, Ehrhardt A. Mechanisms by which the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator may influence SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23220. [PMID: 37801035 PMCID: PMC10760435 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300077r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) exhibit pronounced respiratory damage and were initially considered among those at highest risk for serious harm from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Numerous clinical studies have subsequently reported that individuals with CF in North America and Europe-while susceptible to severe COVID-19-are often spared from the highest levels of virus-associated mortality. To understand features that might influence COVID-19 among patients with cystic fibrosis, we studied relationships between SARS-CoV-2 and the gene responsible for CF (i.e., the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, CFTR). In contrast to previous reports, we found no association between CFTR carrier status (mutation heterozygosity) and more severe COVID-19 clinical outcomes. We did observe an unexpected trend toward higher mortality among control individuals compared with silent carriers of the common F508del CFTR variant-a finding that will require further study. We next performed experiments to test the influence of homozygous CFTR deficiency on viral propagation and showed that SARS-CoV-2 production in primary airway cells was not altered by the absence of functional CFTR using two independent protocols. On the contrary, experiments performed in vitro strongly indicated that virus proliferation depended on features of the mucosal fluid layer known to be disrupted by absent CFTR in patients with CF, including both low pH and increased viscosity. These results point to the acidic, viscous, and mucus-obstructed airways in patients with cystic fibrosis as unfavorable for the establishment of coronaviral infection. Our findings provide new and important information concerning relationships between the CF clinical phenotype and severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R. Tedbury
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Candela Manfredi
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Frauke Degenhardt
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Joseph Conway
- Northeast Georgia Medical Center, Gainesville, Georgia, United States
| | - Michael C. Horwath
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Courtney McCracken
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Adam J. Sorscher
- Dartmouth University School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Sandy Moreau
- Elliot Hospital, Manchester, New Hampshire, United States
| | | | - Carolina Edwards
- Northeast Georgia Medical Center, Gainesville, Georgia, United States
| | - Jo Brewer
- Northeast Georgia Medical Center, Gainesville, Georgia, United States
| | | | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States
| | - Brandi N. Williamson
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States
| | - Mehul S. Suthar
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Yee T. Ong
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - John D. Roback
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - David N. Alter
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jan C. Holter
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom H. Karlsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division for Cancer Medicine, Surgery and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
- University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Digestive Diseases Unit, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Javier Fernández
- Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Buti
- Liver Unit. Hospital Universitario Valle Hebron and CIBEREHD del Instituto Carlos III. Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustin Albillos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, University of Alcalá, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Julià
- Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Biological Resorce Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan Italy
| | - Rosanna Asselta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jesus M. Banales
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute – Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), CIBERehd, Ikerbasque, San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luis Bujanda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute – Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), CIBERehd, Ikerbasque, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Rafael de Cid
- Genomes for Life-GCAT lab. German Trias I Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | | | - Stefan G. Sarafianos
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jeong S. Hong
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Eric J. Sorscher
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Annette Ehrhardt
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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Zerikiotis S, Efentakis P, Dapola D, Agapaki A, Seiradakis G, Kostomitsopoulos N, Skaltsounis AL, Tseti I, Triposkiadis F, Andreadou I. Synergistic Pulmonoprotective Effect of Natural Prolyl Oligopeptidase Inhibitors in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14235. [PMID: 37762537 PMCID: PMC10531912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a highly morbid inflammatory lung disease with limited pharmacological interventions. The present study aims to evaluate and compare the potential pulmonoprotective effects of natural prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) inhibitors namely rosmarinic acid (RA), chicoric acid (CA), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and gallic acid (GA), against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS. Cell viability and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators were measured in RAW264.7 cells and in primary murine lung epithelial and bone marrow cells. Nitric oxide (NO) production was also assessed in unstimulated and LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. For subsequent in vivo experiments, the two natural products (NPs) with the most favorable effects, RA and GA, were selected. Protein, cell content and lipid peroxidation levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), as well as histopathological changes and respiratory parameters were evaluated in LPS-challenged mice. Expression of key mediators involved in ARDS pathophysiology was detected by Western blotting. RA and GA favorably reduced gene expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in vitro, while GA decreased NO production in macrophages. In LPS-challenged mice, RA and GA co-administration improved respiratory parameters, reduced cell and protein content and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in BALF, decreased vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression, activated anti-apoptotic mechanisms and down-regulated POP in the lung. Conclusively, these synergistic pulmonoprotective effects of RA and GA co-administration could render them a promising prophylactic/therapeutic pharmacological intervention against ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelios Zerikiotis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (S.Z.); (P.E.); (D.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Panagiotis Efentakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (S.Z.); (P.E.); (D.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Danai Dapola
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (S.Z.); (P.E.); (D.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Anna Agapaki
- Histochemistry Facility, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Georgios Seiradakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (S.Z.); (P.E.); (D.D.); (G.S.)
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Laboratory Animal Facility, Centre of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Filippos Triposkiadis
- Department of Cardiology, University General Hospital of Larissa, 413 34 Larissa, Greece;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 413 34 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece; (S.Z.); (P.E.); (D.D.); (G.S.)
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7
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Tiwary E, Berryhill TF, Wilson L, Barnes S, Prasain JK, Wells JM. LC-MS/MS method for proline-glycine-proline and acetylated proline-glycine-proline in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1228:123815. [PMID: 37453387 PMCID: PMC10546961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular cellular matrix (ECM) maintains tissue structure and regulates signaling functions by continuous degradation and remodeling. Inflammation or other disease conditions activate proteases including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade ECM proteins and in particular generate fragments of collagen and elastin, some of which are biologically active ECM peptides or matrikines. Stepwise degradation of collagen by MMP 8, 9 and prolyl endopeptidase release the matrikine proline-glycine-proline (PGP) and its product acetyl-PGP (AcPGP). These peptides are considered as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for many disease conditions such as chronic lung disease, heart disease, and cancer. However, there is no published, validated method for the measurement of PGP and AcPGP in plasma and therefore, we developed a sensitive, selective and reliable, isotope dilution LC-multiple reaction monitoring MS method for their determination in human plasma. The chromatographic separation of PGP and AcPGP was achieved in 3 min using Jupiter column with a gradient consisting of acidified acetonitrile and water at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The limit of detection (LOD) for PGP and AcPGP was 0.01 ng/ml and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.05 ng/ml and 0.1 ng/ml, respectively. Precision and accuracy values for all analytes were within 20 % except for the lowest QC of 0.01 ng/ml. The mean extraction recoveries of these analytes were > 90 % using a Phenomenex Phree cartridge and the matrix effect was < 15 % for all the QCs for PGP and AcPGP except the lowest QC. The stability of PGP and AcPGP was > 90 % in several tested conditions including autosampler use, storage at -80 °C, and after 6 times freeze-thaw cycles. Using this method, we successfully extracted and determined PGP levels in human plasma from healthy and COPD subjects. Therefore, this method is suitable for quantification of these peptides in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Tiwary
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Taylor F Berryhill
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Landon Wilson
- Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA; Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jeevan K Prasain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA; Targeted Metabolomics and Proteomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J Michael Wells
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; UAB Lung Health Center, Birmingham, AL, USA; Birmingham VA Healthcare System, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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8
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Teder T, König S, Singh R, Samuelsson B, Werz O, Garscha U, Haeggström JZ. Modulation of the 5-Lipoxygenase Pathway by Chalcogen-Containing Inhibitors of Leukotriene A 4 Hydrolase. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087539. [PMID: 37108702 PMCID: PMC10145651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway gives rise to bioactive inflammatory lipid mediators, such as leukotrienes (LTs). 5-LOX carries out the oxygenation of arachidonic acid to the 5-hydroperoxy derivative and then to the leukotriene A4 epoxide which is converted to a chemotactic leukotriene B4 (LTB4) by leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H). In addition, LTA4H possesses aminopeptidase activity to cleave the N-terminal proline of a pro-inflammatory tripeptide, prolyl-glycyl-proline (PGP). Based on the structural characteristics of LTA4H, it is possible to selectively inhibit the epoxide hydrolase activity while sparing the inactivating, peptidolytic, cleavage of PGP. In the current study, chalcogen-containing compounds, 4-(4-benzylphenyl) thiazol-2-amine (ARM1) and its selenazole (TTSe) and oxazole (TTO) derivatives were characterized regarding their inhibitory and binding properties. All three compounds selectively inhibit the epoxide hydrolase activity of LTA4H at low micromolar concentrations, while sparing the aminopeptidase activity. These inhibitors also block the 5-LOX activity in leukocytes and have distinct inhibition constants with recombinant 5-LOX. Furthermore, high-resolution structures of LTA4H with inhibitors were determined and potential binding sites to 5-LOX were proposed. In conclusion, we present chalcogen-containing inhibitors which differentially target essential steps in the biosynthetic route for LTB4 and can potentially be used as modulators of inflammatory response by the 5-LOX pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarvi Teder
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefanie König
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Greifswald University, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Singh
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Samuelsson
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 7743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Garscha
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Greifswald University, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jesper Z Haeggström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Wenger NM, Qiao L, Nicola T, Nizami Z, Xu X, Willis KA, Ambalavanan N, Gaggar A, Lal CV. Efficacy of a Probiotic and Herbal Supplement in Models of Lung Inflammation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112136. [PMID: 36363728 PMCID: PMC9699185 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with lung disease through the gut-lung axis. Abundant proteobacteria increase MMP-9 and contribute to tissue proteolysis followed by neutrophil recruitment, lung tissue injury, and perpetuation of chronic lung disease. We sought to determine if a scientifically formulated probiotic and herbal supplement could attenuate neutrophilic inflammation and improve lung structure and function in models of lung inflammation. Methods: For in vitro experiments, epithelial cells exposed to proteobacteria were treated with resB—a blend of three probiotic Lactobacillus strains and turmeric, holy basil, and vasaka herbal extracts. For in vivo experimentation, mice exposed to pulmonary proteobacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide were treated by gavage with resB. Results: In vitro, the bacterial and herbal components of resB decreased activity of the MMP-9 pathway. Mice exposed to LPS and pre- and post-treated with resB had decreased neutrophil recruitment and inflammatory biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, serum, and lung tissue compared to untreated mice. Conclusions: This study describes the mechanisms and efficacy of probiotic and herbal blend in pre-clinical models of lung injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luhua Qiao
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Teodora Nicola
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Zoha Nizami
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Kent A. Willis
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Namasivayam Ambalavanan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Charitharth Vivek Lal
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-667-295-7372
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10
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Chandler JD, Esther CR. Metabolomics of airways disease in cystic fibrosis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 65:102238. [PMID: 35649321 PMCID: PMC10068587 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
While discovery metabolomic studies have identified many potential biomarkers of cystic fibrosis (CF) airways disease, relatively few have been validated. We review the recent literature to identify the most promising metabolomic findings as those repeatedly observed over multiple studies. Reproducible metabolomic findings include increased airway amino acids and small peptides in CF airways, as well as changes in phospholipids and sphingolipids. Other commonly altered pathways include adenosine metabolism, polyamine synthesis, and oxidative stress. These pathways represent potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, though findings require reevaluation in the era of highly effective modulator therapies. Analysis of airway biomarkers in exhaled breath holds promise for non-invasive detection, though technical challenges will need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Chandler
- Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Immunology, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Charles R Esther
- Pediatric Pulmonology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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11
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Glasgow AMA, Greene CM. Epithelial damage in the cystic fibrosis lung: the role of host and microbial factors. Expert Rev Respir Med 2022; 16:737-748. [PMID: 35833354 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2022.2100350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The airway epithelium is a key system within the lung. It acts as a physical barrier to inhaled factors, and can actively remove unwanted microbes and particles from the lung via the mucociliary escalator. On a physiological level, it senses the presence of pathogens and initiates innate immune responses to combat their effects. Hydration of the airways is also controlled by the epithelium. Within the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung, these properties are suboptimal and contribute to the pulmonary manifestations of CF. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss how various host and microbial factors can contribute to airway epithelium dysfunction in the CF lung focusing on mechanisms relating to the mucociliary escalator and protease expression and function. We also explore how alterations in microRNA expression can impact the behavior of the airway epithelium. EXPERT OPINION Notwithstanding the unprecedented benefits that CFTR modulator drugs now provide to the health of CF sufferers, it will be important to delve more deeply into additional mechanisms underpinning CF lung disease such as those illustrated here in an attempt to counteract these aberrant processes and further enhance quality of life for people with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene M A Glasgow
- Lung Biology Group, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine M Greene
- Lung Biology Group, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Kraus RF, Gruber MA. Neutrophils-From Bone Marrow to First-Line Defense of the Innate Immune System. Front Immunol 2022; 12:767175. [PMID: 35003081 PMCID: PMC8732951 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear cells; PMNs) form a first line of defense against pathogens and are therefore an important component of the innate immune response. As a result of poorly controlled activation, however, PMNs can also mediate tissue damage in numerous diseases, often by increasing tissue inflammation and injury. According to current knowledge, PMNs are not only part of the pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases but also of conditions with disturbed tissue homeostasis such as trauma and shock. Scientific advances in the past two decades have changed the role of neutrophils from that of solely immune defense cells to cells that are responsible for the general integrity of the body, even in the absence of pathogens. To better understand PMN function in the human organism, our review outlines the role of PMNs within the innate immune system. This review provides an overview of the migration of PMNs from the vascular compartment to the target tissue as well as their chemotactic processes and illuminates crucial neutrophil immune properties at the site of the lesion. The review is focused on the formation of chemotactic gradients in interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the influence of the ECM on PMN function. In addition, our review summarizes current knowledge about the phenomenon of bidirectional and reverse PMN migration, neutrophil microtubules, and the microtubule organizing center in PMN migration. As a conclusive feature, we review and discuss new findings about neutrophil behavior in cancer environment and tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Felix Kraus
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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13
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McKelvey MC, Brown R, Ryan S, Mall MA, Weldon S, Taggart CC. Proteases, Mucus, and Mucosal Immunity in Chronic Lung Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5018. [PMID: 34065111 PMCID: PMC8125985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated protease activity has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases and especially in conditions that display mucus obstruction, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. However, our appreciation of the roles of proteases in various aspects of such diseases continues to grow. Patients with muco-obstructive lung disease experience progressive spirals of inflammation, mucostasis, airway infection and lung function decline. Some therapies exist for the treatment of these symptoms, but they are unable to halt disease progression and patients may benefit from novel adjunct therapies. In this review, we highlight how proteases act as multifunctional enzymes that are vital for normal airway homeostasis but, when their activity becomes immoderate, also directly contribute to airway dysfunction, and impair the processes that could resolve disease. We focus on how proteases regulate the state of mucus at the airway surface, impair mucociliary clearance and ultimately, promote mucostasis. We discuss how, in parallel, proteases are able to promote an inflammatory environment in the airways by mediating proinflammatory signalling, compromising host defence mechanisms and perpetuating their own proteolytic activity causing structural lung damage. Finally, we discuss some possible reasons for the clinical inefficacy of protease inhibitors to date and propose that, especially in a combination therapy approach, proteases represent attractive therapeutic targets for muco-obstructive lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. McKelvey
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.C.M.); (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Ryan Brown
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.C.M.); (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Sinéad Ryan
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.C.M.); (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Sinéad Weldon
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.C.M.); (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Clifford C. Taggart
- Airway Innate Immunity Research (AiiR) Group, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (M.C.M.); (R.B.); (S.R.); (S.W.)
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14
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Adams W, Espicha T, Estipona J. Getting Your Neutrophil: Neutrophil Transepithelial Migration in the Lung. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00659-20. [PMID: 33526562 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00659-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil transepithelial migration is a fundamental process that facilitates the rapid trafficking of neutrophils to inflammatory foci and occurs across a diverse range of tissues. For decades there has been widespread interest in understanding the mechanisms that drive this migratory process in response to different pathogens and organ systems. This has led to the successful integration of key findings on neutrophil transepithelial migration from the intestines, lungs, liver, genitourinary tract, and other tissues into a single, cohesive model. However, recent studies have identified organ specific differences in neutrophil transepithelial migration. These findings support a model where the tissue in concert with the pro-inflammatory stimuli dictate a unique collection of signals that drive neutrophil trafficking. This review focuses on the mechanisms that drive neutrophil transepithelial migration in response to microbial infection of a single organ, the lung. Herein we provide a detailed analysis of the adhesion molecules and chemoattractants that contribute to the recruitment of neutrophil into the airways. We also highlight important advances in experimental models for studying neutrophil transepithelial migration in the lung over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Adams
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192 USA
| | - Taylor Espicha
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192 USA
| | - Janine Estipona
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192 USA
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15
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Lara-Reyna S, Holbrook J, Jarosz-Griffiths HH, Peckham D, McDermott MF. Dysregulated signalling pathways in innate immune cells with cystic fibrosis mutations. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4485-4503. [PMID: 32367193 PMCID: PMC7599191 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common life-limiting recessive genetic disorders in Caucasians, caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). CF is a multi-organ disease that involves the lungs, pancreas, sweat glands, digestive and reproductive systems and several other tissues. This debilitating condition is associated with recurrent lower respiratory tract bacterial and viral infections, as well as inflammatory complications that may eventually lead to pulmonary failure. Immune cells play a crucial role in protecting the organs against opportunistic infections and also in the regulation of tissue homeostasis. Innate immune cells are generally affected by CFTR mutations in patients with CF, leading to dysregulation of several cellular signalling pathways that are in continuous use by these cells to elicit a proper immune response. There is substantial evidence to show that airway epithelial cells, neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages all contribute to the pathogenesis of CF, underlying the importance of the CFTR in innate immune responses. The goal of this review is to put into context the important role of the CFTR in different innate immune cells and how CFTR dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of CF, highlighting several signalling pathways that may be dysregulated in cells with CFTR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lara-Reyna
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - Jonathan Holbrook
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Heledd H Jarosz-Griffiths
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Daniel Peckham
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Unit, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Michael F McDermott
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
- Leeds Cystic Fibrosis Trust Strategic Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
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16
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Di Pietro C, Öz HH, Murray TS, Bruscia EM. Targeting the Heme Oxygenase 1/Carbon Monoxide Pathway to Resolve Lung Hyper-Inflammation and Restore a Regulated Immune Response in Cystic Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1059. [PMID: 32760278 PMCID: PMC7372134 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), lung hyper-inflammation starts early in life and is perpetuated by mucus obstruction and persistent bacterial infections. The continuous tissue damage and scarring caused by non-resolving inflammation leads to bronchiectasis and, ultimately, respiratory failure. Macrophages (MΦs) are key regulators of immune response and host defense. We and others have shown that, in CF, MΦs are hyper-inflammatory and exhibit reduced bactericidal activity. Thus, MΦs contribute to the inability of CF lung tissues to control the inflammatory response or restore tissue homeostasis. The non-resolving hyper-inflammation in CF lungs is attributed to an impairment of several signaling pathways associated with resolution of the inflammatory response, including the heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide (HO-1/CO) pathway. HO-1 is an enzyme that degrades heme groups, leading to the production of potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and bactericidal mediators, such as biliverdin, bilirubin, and CO. This pathway is fundamental to re-establishing cellular homeostasis in response to various insults, such as oxidative stress and infection. Monocytes/MΦs rely on abundant induction of the HO-1/CO pathway for a controlled immune response and for potent bactericidal activity. Here, we discuss studies showing that blunted HO-1 activation in CF-affected cells contributes to hyper-inflammation and defective host defense against bacteria. We dissect potential cellular mechanisms that may lead to decreased HO-1 induction in CF cells. We review literature suggesting that induction of HO-1 may be beneficial for the treatment of CF lung disease. Finally, we discuss recent studies highlighting how endogenous HO-1 can be induced by administration of controlled doses of CO to reduce lung hyper-inflammation, oxidative stress, bacterial infection, and dysfunctional ion transport, which are all hallmarks of CF lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emanuela M. Bruscia
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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17
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McKelvey MC, Weldon S, McAuley DF, Mall MA, Taggart CC. Targeting Proteases in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease. Paradigms, Progress, and Potential. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:141-147. [PMID: 31626562 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201906-1190pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel F McAuley
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; and.,German Center for Lung Research, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Laucirica DR, Garratt LW, Kicic A. Progress in Model Systems of Cystic Fibrosis Mucosal Inflammation to Understand Aberrant Neutrophil Activity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:595. [PMID: 32318073 PMCID: PMC7154161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to recurrent infection in cystic fibrosis (CF), powerful innate immune signals trigger polymorphonuclear neutrophil recruitment into the airway lumen. Exaggerated neutrophil proteolytic activity results in sustained inflammation and scarring of the airways. Consequently, neutrophils and their secretions are reliable clinical biomarkers of lung disease progression. As neutrophils are required to clear infection and yet a direct cause of airway damage, modulating adverse neutrophil activity while preserving their pathogen fighting function remains a key area of CF research. The factors that drive their pathological behavior are still under investigation, especially in early disease when aberrant neutrophil behavior first becomes evident. Here we examine the latest findings of neutrophils in pediatric CF lung disease and proposed mechanisms of their pathogenicity. Highlighted in this review are current and emerging experimental methods for assessing CF mucosal immunity and human neutrophil function in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Laucirica
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Luke W Garratt
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony Kicic
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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19
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Human PZP and common marmoset A2ML1 as pregnancy related proteins. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5088. [PMID: 32198464 PMCID: PMC7083932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While pregnancy-related proteins (PRP) are known to contribute to immunotolerance during pregnancy, their significance to development of invasive placenta is unclear. We compared PRP expression in humans and the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a new-world monkey. Invasive placenta was observed at the maternal-foetal interface of marmoset placenta from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing foetus and wild type mother. The pregnancy zone protein (PZP) and alpha-2 macroglobulin-like 1 (A2ML1) proteins exhibited the most prominent increase in expression during the second trimester in humans and marmoset, respectively. In humans, PZP accumulated at the maternal-foetal interface and A2ML1 accumulated in the amnion. Similarly, A2ML1 mRNA was detected in marmoset placenta. These proteins belong to the A2M family of protease inhibitors, and both PZP and A2ML1 share around 90% homology between human and marmoset and have highly conserved structures. However, the protease-reacting bait regions of the proteins had lower homology (56.8–60.7% in proteins) relative to the rest of the sequence. Notably, the cleavage site of a proinflammatory proline-endopeptidase was preserved in human PZP and marmoset A2ML1. These proteins contain multiple sites that are cleaved by proteases involving proline-endopeptidase. Systemic regulation of these A2M family proteins may be important in animals with invasive placenta.
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