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Nickerson R, Thornton CS, Johnston B, Lee AHY, Cheng Z. Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic lung disease: untangling the dysregulated host immune response. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1405376. [PMID: 39015565 PMCID: PMC11250099 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1405376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly adaptable opportunistic pathogen capable of exploiting barriers and immune defects to cause chronic lung infections in conditions such as cystic fibrosis. In these contexts, host immune responses are ineffective at clearing persistent bacterial infection, instead driving a cycle of inflammatory lung damage. This review outlines key components of the host immune response to chronic P. aeruginosa infection within the lung, beginning with initial pathogen recognition, followed by a robust yet maladaptive innate immune response, and an ineffective adaptive immune response that propagates lung damage while permitting bacterial persistence. Untangling the interplay between host immunity and chronic P. aeruginosa infection will allow for the development and refinement of strategies to modulate immune-associated lung damage and potentiate the immune system to combat chronic infection more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea Nickerson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Christina S. Thornton
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brent Johnston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Amy H. Y. Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Zhenyu Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Westhölter D, Pipping J, Raspe J, Schmitz M, Sutharsan S, Straßburg S, Welsner M, Taube C, Reuter S. Plasma levels of chemokines decrease during elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor therapy in adults with cystic fibrosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23428. [PMID: 38173511 PMCID: PMC10761561 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with dysregulated immune responses, exaggerated inflammation and chronic infection. CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapies directly target the underlying protein defects and resulted in significant clinical benefits for people with CF (pwCF). This study analysed the effects of triple CFTR modulator therapy elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) on CF-associated inflammation, especially systemic chemokines. Methods A bead-based immunoassay was used to quantify proinflammatory chemokines (IL-8, IP-10, Eotaxin, TARC, RANTES, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-3α, MIG, ENA-78, GROα, I-TAC) in plasma samples from pwCF collected before, at three, and at six months after starting ETI therapy. Results Fifty-one pwCF (47 % female; mean age 32 ± 10.4 years) were included. At baseline, 67 % were already receiving CFTR modulator therapy with tezacaftor/ivacaftor or lumacaftor/ivacaftor. After initiation of ETI therapy there was a significant improvement in percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (+12.7 points, p < 0.001) and a significant decrease in sweat chloride levels (-53.6 %, p < 0.001). After 6 months' treatment with ETI therapy there were significant decreases in plasma levels of MIP-3α (-68.2 %, p = 0.018), GROα (-17.7 %, p = 0.013), ENA-78 (-16.3 %, p = 0.034) and I-TAC (-3.4 %, p = 0.032). IL-8 exhibited a reduction that did not reach statistical significance (-17.8 %, p = 0.057); levels of other assessed cytokines did not change significantly from baseline. Conclusions ETI appears to affect a distinct group of chemokines that are predominately associated with neutrophilic inflammation, demonstrating the anti-inflammatory properties of ETI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Westhölter
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Pipping
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Jonas Raspe
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Mona Schmitz
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Sivagurunathan Sutharsan
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Svenja Straßburg
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Welsner
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reuter
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
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Lao P, Chen J, Tang L, Zhang J, Chen Y, Fang Y, Fan X. Regulatory T cells in lung disease and transplantation. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20231331. [PMID: 37795866 PMCID: PMC10611924 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary disease can refer to the disease of the lung itself or the pulmonary manifestations of systemic diseases, which are often connected to the malfunction of the immune system. Regulatory T (Treg) cells have been shown to be important in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing inflammatory damage, including lung diseases. Given the increasing amount of evidence linking Treg cells to various pulmonary conditions, Treg cells might serve as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of lung diseases and potentially promote lung transplant tolerance. The most potent and well-defined Treg cells are Foxp3-expressing CD4+ Treg cells, which contribute to the prevention of autoimmune lung diseases and the promotion of lung transplant rejection. The protective mechanisms of Treg cells in lung disease and transplantation involve multiple immune suppression mechanisms. This review summarizes the development, phenotype and function of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells. Then, we focus on the therapeutic potential of Treg cells in preventing lung disease and limiting lung transplant rejection. Furthermore, we discussed the possibility of Treg cell utilization in clinical applications. This will provide an overview of current research advances in Treg cells and their relevant application in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhen Lao
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Longqian Tang
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Yuyin Fang
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
| | - Xingliang Fan
- Institute of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, 351 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou 510303, PR China
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Yuan X, Wang D. Treatment with paeoniflorin increases lifespan of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected Caenorhabditis elegans by inhibiting bacterial accumulation in intestinal lumen and biofilm formation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1114219. [PMID: 37050896 PMCID: PMC10083309 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1114219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin is one of the important components in Paeoniaceae plants. In this study, we used Caenorhabditis elegans as a model host and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a bacterial pathogen to investigate the possible role of paeoniflorin treatment against P. aeruginosa infection in the host and the underlying mechanisms. Posttreatment with 1.25–10 mg/L paeoniflorin could significantly increase the lifespan of P. aeruginosa infected nematodes. After the infection, the P. aeruginosa colony-forming unit (CFU) and P. aeruginosa accumulation in intestinal lumen were also obviously reduced by 1.25–10 mg/L paeoniflorin treatment. The beneficial effects of paeoniflorin treatment in increasing lifespan in P. aeruginosa infected nematodes and in reducing P. aeruginosa accumulation in intestinal lumen could be inhibited by RNAi of pmk-1, egl-1, and bar-1. In addition, paeoniflorin treatment suppressed the inhibition in expressions of pmk-1, egl-1, and bar-1 caused by P. aeruginosa infection in nematodes, suggesting that paeoniflorin could increase lifespan of P. aeruginosa infected nematode by activating PMK-1, EGL-1, and BAR-1. Moreover, although treatment with 1.25–10 mg/L paeoniflorin did not show obvious anti-P. aeruginosa activity, the P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and expressions of related virulence genes (pelA, pelB, phzA, lasB, lasR, rhlA, and rhlC) were significantly inhibited by paeoniflorin treatment. Treatment with 1.25–10 mg/L paeoniflorin could further decrease the levels of related virulence factors of pyocyanin, elastase, and rhamnolipid. In addition, 2.5–10 mg/L paeoniflorin treatment could inhibit the swimming, swarming, and twitching motility of P. aeruginosa, and treatment with 2.5–10 mg/L paeoniflorin reduced the cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) level. Therefore, paeoniflorin treatment has the potential to extend lifespan of P. aeruginosa infected hosts by reducing bacterial accumulation in intestinal lumen and inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation.
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Ribeiro CMP, Higgs MG, Muhlebach MS, Wolfgang MC, Borgatti M, Lampronti I, Cabrini G. Revisiting Host-Pathogen Interactions in Cystic Fibrosis Lungs in the Era of CFTR Modulators. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055010. [PMID: 36902441 PMCID: PMC10003689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators, a new series of therapeutics that correct and potentiate some classes of mutations of the CFTR, have provided a great therapeutic advantage to people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). The main hindrances of the present CFTR modulators are related to their limitations in reducing chronic lung bacterial infection and inflammation, the main causes of pulmonary tissue damage and progressive respiratory insufficiency, particularly in adults with CF. Here, the most debated issues of the pulmonary bacterial infection and inflammatory processes in pwCF are revisited. Special attention is given to the mechanisms favoring the bacterial infection of pwCF, the progressive adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its interplay with Staphylococcus aureus, the cross-talk among bacteria, the bronchial epithelial cells and the phagocytes of the host immune defenses. The most recent findings of the effect of CFTR modulators on bacterial infection and the inflammatory process are also presented to provide critical hints towards the identification of relevant therapeutic targets to overcome the respiratory pathology of pwCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M. P. Ribeiro
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence: (C.M.P.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Matthew G. Higgs
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Marianne S. Muhlebach
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew C. Wolfgang
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Monica Borgatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Innthera4CF, Center on Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Lampronti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Innthera4CF, Center on Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulio Cabrini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Innthera4CF, Center on Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.M.P.R.); (G.C.)
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Westhölter D, Raspe J, Uebner H, Pipping J, Schmitz M, Straßburg S, Sutharsan S, Welsner M, Taube C, Reuter S. Regulatory T cell enhancement in adults with cystic fibrosis receiving Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107437. [PMID: 36875141 PMCID: PMC9978140 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cystic fibrosis (CF), especially CF lung disease, is characterized by chronic infection, immune dysfunction including impairment of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and an exaggerated inflammatory response. CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators have shown to improve clinical outcomes in people with CF (PwCF) with a wide range of CFTR mutations. However, it remains unclear whether CFTR modulator therapy also affects CF-associated inflammation. We aimed to examine the effect of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor therapy on lymphocyte subsets and systemic cytokines in PwCF. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma were collected before and at three and six months after the initiation of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor therapy; lymphocyte subsets and systemic cytokines were determined using flow cytometry. Results Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor treatment was initiated in 77 PwCF and improved percent predicted FEV1 by 12.5 points (p<0.001) at 3 months. During elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor therapy, percentages of Tregs were enhanced (+18.7%, p<0.001), with an increased proportion of Tregs expressing CD39 as a marker of stability (+14.4%, p<0.001). Treg enhancement was more pronounced in PwCF clearing Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Only minor, non-significant shifts were observed among Th1-, Th2- and Th17-expressing effector T helper cells. These results were stable at 3- and 6-month follow-up. Cytokine measurements showed a significant decrease in interleukin-6 levels during treatment with elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (-50.2%, p<0.001). Conclusion Treatment with elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor was associated with an increased percentage of Tregs, especially in PwCF clearing Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Targeting Treg homeostasis is a therapeutic option for PwCF with persistent Treg impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Westhölter
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Jonas Raspe
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Uebner
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Pipping
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Mona Schmitz
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Svenja Straßburg
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Sivagurunathan Sutharsan
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Welsner
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reuter
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen- Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
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Fan J, To KKW, Chen ZS, Fu L. ABC transporters affects tumor immune microenvironment to regulate cancer immunotherapy and multidrug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 66:100905. [PMID: 36463807 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the phenomenon in which cancer cells simultaneously develop resistance to a broad spectrum of structurally and mechanistically unrelated drugs. MDR severely hinders the effective treatment of cancer and is the major cause of chemotherapy failure. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are extensively expressed in various body tissues, and actively transport endogenous and exogenous substrates through biological membranes. Overexpression of ABC transporters is frequently observed in MDR cancer cells, which promotes efflux of chemotherapeutic drugs and reduces their intracellular accumulation. Increasing evidence suggests that ABC transporters regulate tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) by transporting various cytokines, thus controlling anti-tumor immunity and sensitivity to anticancer drugs. On the other hand, the expression of various ABC transporters is regulated by cytokines and other immune signaling molecules. Targeted inhibition of ABC transporter expression or function can enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors by promoting anticancer immune microenvironment. This review provides an update on the recent research progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China; Department of pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Kenneth Kin Wah To
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States.
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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Britto CJ, Ratjen F, Clancy JP. Emerging Approaches to Monitor and Modify Care in the Era of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulators. Clin Chest Med 2022; 43:631-646. [PMID: 36344071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
As we characterize the clinical benefits of highly effective modulator therapy (HEMT) in the cystic fibrosis (CF) population, our paradigm for treating and monitoring disease continues to evolve. More sensitive approaches are necessary to detect early disease and clinical progression. This article reviews evolving strategies to assess disease control and progression in the HEMT era. This article also explores developments in pulmonary function monitoring, advanced respiratory imaging, tools for the collection of patient-reported outcomes, and their application to profile individual responses, guide therapeutic decisions, and improve the quality of life of people with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemente J Britto
- Yale Adult Cystic Fibrosis Program, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine.
| | - Felix Ratjen
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Translational Medicine, University of Toronto Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
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Caverly LJ, Riquelme SA, Hisert KB. The Impact of Highly Effective Modulator Therapy on Cystic Fibrosis Microbiology and Inflammation. Clin Chest Med 2022; 43:647-665. [PMID: 36344072 PMCID: PMC10224747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Highly effective cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapy (HEMT) corrects the underlying molecular defect causing CF disease. HEMT decreases symptom burden and improves clinical metrics and quality of life for most people with CF (PwCF) and eligible cftr mutations. Improvements in measures of pulmonary health suggest that restoration of function of defective CFTR anion channels by HEMT not only enhances airway mucociliary clearance, but also reduces chronic pulmonary infection and inflammation. This article reviews the evidence for how HEMT influences the dynamic and interdependent processes of infection and inflammation in the CF airway, and what questions remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay J Caverly
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, L2221 UH South, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5212, USA
| | - Sebastián A Riquelme
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, Columbia University Medical Center, 650West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Katherine B Hisert
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Smith A550, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80205, USA.
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Cabrini G, Rimessi A, Borgatti M, Pinton P, Gambari R. Overview of CF lung pathophysiology. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 64:102214. [PMID: 35453033 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Defects of the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein affect the homeostasis of chloride, bicarbonate, sodium, and water in the airway surface liquid, influencing the mucus composition and viscosity, which induces a severe condition of infection and inflammation along the whole life of CF patients. The introduction of CFTR modulators, novel drugs directly intervening to rescue the function of CFTR protein, opens a new era of experimental research. The review summarizes the most recent advancements to understand the characteristics of the infective and inflammatory pathology of CF lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Cabrini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Center of Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Center of Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Borgatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Center of Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Center of Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Center of Innovative Therapies for Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Saluzzo F, Riberi L, Messore B, Loré NI, Esposito I, Bignamini E, De Rose V. CFTR Modulator Therapies: Potential Impact on Airway Infections in Cystic Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071243. [PMID: 35406809 PMCID: PMC8998122 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding for the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein, expressed on the apical surface of epithelial cells. CFTR absence/dysfunction results in ion imbalance and airway surface dehydration that severely compromise the CF airway microenvironment, increasing infection susceptibility. Recently, novel therapies aimed at correcting the basic CFTR defect have become available, leading to substantial clinical improvement of CF patients. The restoration or increase of CFTR function affects the airway microenvironment, improving local defence mechanisms. CFTR modulator drugs might therefore affect the development of chronic airway infections and/or improve the status of existing infections in CF. Thus far, however, the full extent of these effects of CFTR-modulators, especially in the long-term remains still unknown. This review aims to provide an overview of current evidence on the potential impact of CFTR modulators on airway infections in CF. Their role in affecting CF microbiology, the susceptibility to infections as well as the potential efficacy of their use in preventing/decreasing the development of chronic lung infections and the recurrent acute exacerbations in CF will be critically analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Saluzzo
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Luca Riberi
- Postgraduate School in Respiratory Medicine, University of Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy;
| | - Barbara Messore
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
| | - Nicola Ivan Loré
- WHO Collaborating Centre and TB Supranational Reference Laboratory, Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Irene Esposito
- Paediatric Pulmonology Unit, Regina Margherita Hospital AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Torino, Italy; (I.E.); (E.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Bignamini
- Paediatric Pulmonology Unit, Regina Margherita Hospital AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, 10126 Torino, Italy; (I.E.); (E.B.)
| | - Virginia De Rose
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Meldrum OW, Belchamber KBR, Chichirelo-Konstantynovych KD, Horton KL, Konstantynovych TV, Long MB, McDonnell MJ, Perea L, Garcia-Basteiro AL, Loebinger MR, Duarte R, Keir HR. ERS International Congress 2021: highlights from the Respiratory Infections Assembly. ERJ Open Res 2022; 8:00642-2021. [PMID: 35615420 PMCID: PMC9124871 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00642-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Respiratory Society Annual Congress 2021 took place virtually for the second year running due to the coronavirus pandemic. The congress programme featured more than 400 sessions and 3000 abstract presentations, covering the entire respiratory science and medicine field. In this article, Early Career Members of the Respiratory Infections Assembly summarise a selection of sessions across a broad range of topics, including presentations on bronchiectasis, non-tuberculosis mycobacteria, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis and COVID-19.
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Westhölter D, Schumacher F, Wülfinghoff N, Sutharsan S, Strassburg S, Kleuser B, Horn PA, Reuter S, Gulbins E, Taube C, Welsner M. CFTR modulator therapy alters plasma sphingolipid profiles in people with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2022; 21:713-720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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