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Zhang Y, Wu X, Yao W, Ni Y, Ding X. Advances of traditional Chinese medicine preclinical mechanisms and clinical studies on diabetic peripheral neuropathy. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:544-561. [PMID: 38946248 PMCID: PMC11218592 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2369301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) results in an enormous burden and reduces the quality of life for patients. Considering there is no specific drug for the management of DPN, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has increasingly drawn attention of clinicians and researchers around the world due to its characteristics of multiple targets, active components, and exemplary safety. OBJECTIVE To summarize the current status of TCM in the treatment of DPN and provide directions for novel drug development, the clinical effects and potential mechanisms of TCM used in treating DPN were comprehensively reviewed. METHODS Existing evidence on TCM interventions for DPN was screened from databases such as PubMed, the Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Specialized Register (CENTRAL), and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI). The focus was on summarizing and analyzing representative preclinical and clinical TCM studies published before 2023. RESULTS This review identified the ameliorative effects of about 22 single herbal extracts, more than 30 herbal compound prescriptions, and four Chinese patent medicines on DPN in preclinical and clinical research. The latest advances in the mechanism highlight that TCM exerts its beneficial effects on DPN by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress and improving mitochondrial function. CONCLUSIONS TCM has shown the power latent capacity in treating DPN. It is proposed that more large-scale and multi-center randomized controlled clinical trials and fundamental experiments should be conducted to further verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianglong Wu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhui Yao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yadong Ni
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuansheng Ding
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Precision Medicine Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang X, Duan X, Liu X. The role of kinases in peripheral nerve regeneration: mechanisms and implications. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1340845. [PMID: 38689881 PMCID: PMC11058862 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1340845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury disease is a prevalent traumatic condition in current medical practice. Despite the present treatment approaches, encompassing surgical sutures, autologous nerve or allograft nerve transplantation, tissue engineering techniques, and others, an effective clinical treatment method still needs to be discovered. Exploring novel treatment methods to improve peripheral nerve regeneration requires more effort in investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. Many factors are associated with the regeneration of injured peripheral nerves, including the cross-sectional area of the injured nerve, the length of the nerve gap defect, and various cellular and molecular factors such as Schwann cells, inflammation factors, kinases, and growth factors. As crucial mediators of cellular communication, kinases exert regulatory control over numerous signaling cascades, thereby participating in various vital biological processes, including peripheral nerve regeneration after nerve injury. In this review, we examined diverse kinase classifications, distinct nerve injury types, and the intricate mechanisms involved in peripheral nerve regeneration. Then we stressed the significance of kinases in regulating autophagy, inflammatory response, apoptosis, cell cycle, oxidative processes, and other aspects in establishing conductive microenvironments for nerve tissue regeneration. Finally, we briefly discussed the functional roles of kinases in different types of cells involved in peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Medical College, Clinical Medical Research Center, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, China
| | - Xuchu Duan
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Medical College, Clinical Medical Research Center, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, School of Life Science, Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Medical College, Clinical Medical Research Center, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Liu F, Zhao L, Wu T, Yu W, Li J, Wang W, Huang C, Diao Z, Xu Y. Targeting autophagy with natural products as a potential therapeutic approach for diabetic microangiopathy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1364616. [PMID: 38659578 PMCID: PMC11039818 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1364616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
As the quality of life improves, the incidence of diabetes mellitus and its microvascular complications (DMC) continues to increase, posing a threat to people's health and wellbeing. Given the limitations of existing treatment, there is an urgent need for novel approaches to prevent and treat DMC. Autophagy, a pivotal mechanism governing metabolic regulation in organisms, facilitates the removal of dysfunctional proteins and organelles, thereby sustaining cellular homeostasis and energy generation. Anomalous states in pancreatic β-cells, podocytes, Müller cells, cardiomyocytes, and Schwann cells in DMC are closely linked to autophagic dysregulation. Natural products have the property of being multi-targeted and can affect autophagy and hence DMC progression in terms of nutrient perception, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This review consolidates recent advancements in understanding DMC pathogenesis via autophagy and proposes novel perspectives on treating DMC by either stimulating or inhibiting autophagy using natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhao Liu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenfei Yu
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jixin Li
- Xi yuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenru Wang
- Xi yuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Zhihao Diao
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Xiaoqin S, Yi T, Xiaoyu L, Ya B, Jingwen S, Yin L. Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine monomer in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37767. [PMID: 38552033 PMCID: PMC10977546 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes. Early symptoms are insidious, while late symptoms mainly include numbness, pain, swelling, and loss of sensation in the limbs, which can lead to disability, foot ulcers, amputation, and so on. At present, the pathogenesis is also complex and diverse, and it is not yet clear. Western medicine treatment mainly focuses on controlling blood sugar and nourishing nerves, but the effect is not ideal. In recent years, it has been found that many drug monomers have shown good therapeutic and prognostic effects in the prevention and treatment of diabetes peripheral neuropathy, and related research has become a hot topic. To understand the specific mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine monomers in treatment, this article provides a review of their mechanism research and key roles. It mainly includes flavonoids, phenols, terpenes, saponins, alkaloids, polysaccharides, etc. By nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), the signaling pathways of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Nrf2/ARE, SIRT1/p53, etc, can play a role in lowering blood sugar, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, inhibiting cell apoptosis, and autophagy, promoting sciatic nerve regeneration, and have great potential in the prevention and treatment of this disease. A systematic summary of its related mechanisms of action was conducted, providing ideas for in-depth research and exploration of richer traditional Chinese medicine components, and also providing a relatively complete theoretical reference for clinical research on diabetes peripheral neuropathy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Xiaoqin
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Tian Yi
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Liu Xiaoyu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Bu Ya
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Shui Jingwen
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
| | - Liping Yin
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, China
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Yao W, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Xu X, Zhang S, Wang X. Tangzhiqing decoction attenuates cognitive dysfunction of mice with type 2 diabetes by regulating AMPK/mTOR autophagy signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117536. [PMID: 38056539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tangzhiqing decoction (TZQD) is an effective prescription developed by Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications, which has a clear cerebral protective effect on mice with diabetic cognitive dysfunction, but its specific mechanism has not been well elucidated. AIMS OF THE STUDY This study aims to verify the protection of TZQD on cognitive function in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and explore the possible underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six active ingredients in TZQD were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. In vivo experiments, the protection of TZQD on cognitive function and hippocampal neurons in type 2 diabetes mice was verified to obtain the optimal intervention dose of TZQD. TZQD and 3-methyladenine (3 MA) respectively or jointly intervened in mice with T2DM for 12 weeks, followed by detecting the cognitive difference, hippocampus cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region injury, and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in each group. Simultaneously, the investigation of autophagosome formation and organelle impairment in hippocampal neurons, along with the examination of AMPK/mTOR pathway proteins and autophagy-related proteins, was conducted to elucidate the potential mechanisms, through which TZQD modulates autophagy and enhances cognitive function. In vitro experiments, TZQD-containing serum and AMPK inhibitor Compound C (CC) were used to intervene in mouse hippocampal neuron HT22 cells under high glucose environment, further clarifying the regulatory role of TZQD on the AMPK/mTOR pathway and its impact on HT22 cell apoptosis and autophagy. RESULTS In vivo experiment results showed that TZQD had an obvious hypoglycemic effect. Different doses of TZQD could improve cognitive function and hippocampus damage in diabetes mice, with the middle dose of TZQD showing the best effect. TZQD increased the swimming speed of diabetes mice, improved their spatial recognition and memory ability, and reduced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis, Nissl body injury, and p-tau217 protein deposition. In addition, through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunofluorescence, and Western blot (WB) detection, TZQD significantly improved the organelle damage of hippocampal neurons in diabetes mice, promoted the formation of autophagy lysosomes, increased the expression of autophagy-related proteins like Beclin 1, LC3II/LC3I, LAMP1, and LAMP2, reduced the level of P62 and promoted autophagy flow, which, however, were all significantly weakened by 3 MA. Meanwhile, TZQD regulated the expressions of AMPK/mTOR pathway proteins. In vitro experimental study results showed that TZQD can regulate the expression ratio of p-AMPK/AMPK alpha 1 and p-mTOR/mTOR in HT22 cells under high glucose conditions and improved the morphology and vitality of HT22 cells. By employing techniques such as monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining, Lysosomal red fluorescent probe staining, and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, the investigation revealed that TZQD administration resulted in enhanced autophagosome formation, preservation of a lysosomal acidic milieu, and consequent mitigation of HT22 cell apoptosis under high glucose conditions. CONCLUSIONS TZQD can regulate the AMPK/mTOR pathway to activate autophagy to attenuate hippocampal neuronal apoptosis, thereby protecting cognitive function in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Yao
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China; Endocrine Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China; Endocrine Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Xiru Xu
- Geriatric Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Endocrine Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xu Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China; Endocrine Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Zhu J, Hu Z, Luo Y, Liu Y, Luo W, Du X, Luo Z, Hu J, Peng S. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: pathogenetic mechanisms and treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1265372. [PMID: 38264279 PMCID: PMC10803883 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1265372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) refers to the development of peripheral nerve dysfunction in patients with diabetes when other causes are excluded. Diabetic distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN) is the most representative form of DPN. As one of the most common complications of diabetes, its prevalence increases with the duration of diabetes. 10-15% of newly diagnosed T2DM patients have DSPN, and the prevalence can exceed 50% in patients with diabetes for more than 10 years. Bilateral limb pain, numbness, and paresthesia are the most common clinical manifestations in patients with DPN, and in severe cases, foot ulcers can occur, even leading to amputation. The etiology and pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy are not yet completely clarified, but hyperglycemia, disorders of lipid metabolism, and abnormalities in insulin signaling pathways are currently considered to be the initiating factors for a range of pathophysiological changes in DPN. In the presence of abnormal metabolic factors, the normal structure and function of the entire peripheral nervous system are disrupted, including myelinated and unmyelinated nerve axons, perikaryon, neurovascular, and glial cells. In addition, abnormalities in the insulin signaling pathway will inhibit neural axon repair and promote apoptosis of damaged cells. Here, we will discuss recent advances in the study of DPN mechanisms, including oxidative stress pathways, mechanisms of microvascular damage, mechanisms of damage to insulin receptor signaling pathways, and other potential mechanisms associated with neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular oxidative damage. Identifying the contributions from each pathway to neuropathy and the associations between them may help us to further explore more targeted screening and treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxi Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ziyan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yifan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yinuo Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhenzhong Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jialing Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shengliang Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Xue H, Hao Z, Gao Y, Cai X, Tang J, Liao X, Tan J. Research progress on the hypoglycemic activity and mechanisms of natural polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126199. [PMID: 37562477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes, as a metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar levels, is increasing every year. The predominantly western medicine treatment is associated with certain side effects, which has prompted people to turn their attention to natural active substances. Natural polysaccharide is a safe and low-toxic natural substance with various biological activities. Hypoglycemic activity is one of the important biological activities of natural polysaccharides, which has great potential for development. A systematic review of the latest research progress and possible molecular mechanisms of hypoglycemic activity of natural polysaccharides is of great significance for better understanding them. In this review, we systematically reviewed the relationship between the hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharides and their structure in terms of molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and glycosidic bonds, and summarized underlying molecular mechanisms the hypoglycemic activity of natural polysaccharides. In addition, the potential mechanisms of natural polysaccharides improving the complications of diabetes were analyzed and discussed. This paper provides some valuable insights and important guidance for further research on the hypoglycemic mechanisms of natural polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Xue
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zitong Hao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yuchao Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jintian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jiaqi Tan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China; Medical Comprehensive Experimental Center, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China.
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Zheng G, Ren J, Shang L, Bao Y. Role of autophagy in the pathogenesis and regulation of pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 955:175859. [PMID: 37429517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Pain is a ubiquitous and highly concerned clinical symptom, usually caused by peripheral or central nervous injury, tissue damage, or other diseases. The long-term existence of pain can seriously affect daily physical function and quality of life and produce great torture on the physiological and psychological levels. However, the complex pathogenesis of pain involving molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways has not been fully elucidated, and managing pain remains highly challenging. As a result, finding new targets to pursue effective and long-term pain treatment strategies is required and urgent. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation and recycling process that maintains tissue homeostasis and energy supply, which can be cytoprotective and is vital in maintaining neural plasticity and proper nervous system function. Much evidence has shown that autophagy dysregulation is linked to the emergence of neuropathic pain, such as postherpetic neuralgia and cancer-related pain. Autophagy has also been connected to pain caused by osteoarthritis and lumbar disc degeneration. It is worth noting that in recent years, studies on traditional Chinese medicine have also proved that several traditional Chinese medicine monomers involve autophagy in the mechanism of pain relief. Therefore, autophagy can serve as a potential regulatory target to provide new ideas and inspiration for pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangda Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Juanxia Ren
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Lu Shang
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Yanju Bao
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Xiong L, Liu S, Liu C, Guo T, Huang Z, Li L. The protective effects of melatonin in high glucose environment by alleviating autophagy and apoptosis on primary cortical neurons. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:1415-1425. [PMID: 36348200 PMCID: PMC10209297 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04596-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction has been regarded as a complication of diabetes. Melatonin (MLT) shows a neuroprotective effect on various neurological diseases. However, its protective effect on cortical neurons in high glucose environment has not been reported. Our present study aims to observe the protective effect of melatonin on rat cortical neurons and its relationship with autophagy in high glucose environment. The rat primary cortical neurons injury model was induced by high glucose. The CCK-8, flow cytometry, Western blot and immunofluorescence methods were used to examine the cell viability, apoptosis rate and proteins expression. Our results showed that there were no differences in cell viability, apoptosis rate, and protein expression among the control, MLT and mannitol group. The cell viability of the glucose group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the apoptosis rate of the glucose group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Compared with the glucose group, the glucose + melatonin group showed a significant increase in cell viability and a notable decrease in apoptosis rate. Melatonin concentration of 0.1-1 mmol/L can significantly alleviate the injury of cortical neurons caused by high glucose. Compared with the control group, the glucose group showed a significant reduction of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein expression, while remarkable elevations of Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax), cleaved Caspase-3, coiled-coil, myosin-like Bcl2-interacting protein (Beclin-1) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain-3B type II (LC3B-II) levels. The neurons pre-administered with melatonin obtained significantly reversed these changes induced by high glucose. The phosphorylation levels of protein kinase B (Akt), mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) and Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1(ULK1) were decreased in the glucose group compared with the control group, whereas significant increase were observed in the glucose + MLT group, compared with the glucose group. These data indicated that melatonin has a neuroprotective effect on cortical neurons under high glucose environment, which may work by activating Akt/mTOR/ULK1 pathway and may be deeply associated with the downregulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Xiong
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Song Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Xiamen Haicang Biological Science and Technology Development, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Chaoming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Department of Physiology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Tianting Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Ganzhou Hospital, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Zhihua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- Department of Physiology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Liangdong Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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Niu Y, Zhang G, Sun X, He S, Dou G. Distinct Role of Lycium barbarum L. Polysaccharides in Oxidative Stress-Related Ocular Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:215. [PMID: 37259363 PMCID: PMC9966716 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the increased production of reactive species and reduced antioxidant activity, which can cause a variety of disturbances including ocular diseases. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) are complex polysaccharides isolated from the fruit of L. barbarum, showing distinct roles in antioxidants. Moreover, it is relatively safe and non-toxic. In recent years, the antioxidant activities of LBPs have attracted remarkable attention. In order to illustrate its significance and underlying therapeutic value for vision, we comprehensively review the recent progress on the antioxidant mechanisms of LBP and its potential applications in ocular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive neuroretinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury, glaucoma, dry eye syndrome, and diabetic cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwestern University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Guoheng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xiaojia Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Shikun He
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Guorui Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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Maiorana A, Tagliaferri F, Dionisi-Vici C. Current understanding on pathogenesis and effective treatment of glycogen storage disease type Ib with empagliflozin: new insights coming from diabetes for its potential implications in other metabolic disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1145111. [PMID: 37152929 PMCID: PMC10160627 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1145111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage type Ib (GSDIb) is a rare inborn error of metabolism caused by glucose-6-phosphate transporter (G6PT, SLC37A4) deficiency. G6PT defect results in excessive accumulation of glycogen and fat in the liver, kidney, and intestinal mucosa and into both glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis impairment. Clinical features include hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, lactic acidemia, hyperuricemia, hyperlipidemia, and growth retardation. Long-term complications are liver adenoma, hepatocarcinoma, nephropathy and osteoporosis. The hallmark of GSDIb is neutropenia, with impaired neutrophil function, recurrent infections and inflammatory bowel disease. Alongside classical nutritional therapy with carbohydrates supplementation and immunological therapy with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, the emerging role of 1,5-anhydroglucitol in the pathogenesis of neutrophil dysfunction led to repurpose empagliflozin, an inhibitor of the renal glucose transporter SGLT2: the current literature of its off-label use in GSDIb patients reports beneficial effects on neutrophil dysfunction and its clinical consequences. Surprisingly, this glucose-lowering drug ameliorated the glycemic and metabolic control in GSDIb patients. Furthermore, numerous studies from big cohorts of type 2 diabetes patients showed the efficacy of empagliflozin in reducing the cardiovascular risk, the progression of kidney disease, the NAFLD and the metabolic syndrome. Beneficial effects have also been described on peripheral neuropathy in a prediabetic rat model. Increasing evidences highlight the role of empagliflozin in regulating the cellular energy sensors SIRT1/AMPK and Akt/mTOR, which leads to improvement of mitochondrial structure and function, stimulation of autophagy, decrease of oxidative stress and suppression of inflammation. Modulation of these pathways shift the oxidative metabolism from carbohydrates to lipids oxidation and results crucial in reducing insulin levels, insulin resistance, glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity. For its pleiotropic effects, empagliflozin appears to be a good candidate for drug repurposing also in other metabolic diseases presenting with hypoglycemia, organ damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and defective autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Maiorana
- Division of Metabolism, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Arianna Maiorana,
| | - Francesco Tagliaferri
- SCDU of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Carlo Dionisi-Vici
- Division of Metabolism, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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12
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Efficacy of Pretreatment with Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide in Various Doses in Influencing Splenic Immunity and Prognosis of Sepsis in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9508603. [PMID: 36248408 PMCID: PMC9553460 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9508603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Sepsis, showing high mortality, is a lethal dysfunction of organs caused by an infection-induced disorder in the host response. It has complicated pathogenesis, which has not yet been elucidated completely. Recently, the principal factors causing pathogenesis and even death in sepsis patients are imbalance in inflammatory response and immunosuppression occurring when the host is challenged by infection. Previous studies found that Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) worked well in enhancing immunity. This study aims at exploring the efficacy of pretreatment with LPB in regulating splenic immunity during the pathogenesis of sepsis induced by cecum ligation perforation (CLP) in rats. Methods This research established the cecum ligation perforation rat model. Using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide in various doses in influencing splenic immunity and prognosis of sepsis induced by cecum ligation perforation in rats were examined. Results This study showed that LBP lowered the 72-hour mortality of sepsis rats induced by CLP, relieved systemic inflammation, improved the ratio of T-cell subgroups positive in CD3+, CD4+, or CD8+ and expression of HLA-DR protein, and repaired damage to splenic tissue, implying its efficacy in enhancing the immunity of sepsis rats induced by CLP. Conclusions LBP may ameliorate clinical symptoms of rats with cecum ligation perforation, improve cellular immunity in the spleen, and treat sepsis so as to provide a theoretical basis for the pathogenesis and development of sepsis as well as its diagnosis and treatment, and offer scientific proof for the development and utilization of LBP applied to critical diseases.
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13
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Feng Y, Song Y, Zhou J, Duan Y, Kong T, Ma H, Zhang H. Recent progress of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on intestinal microbiota, microbial metabolites and health: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2917-2940. [PMID: 36168931 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2128037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota is symbiotically associated with host health, learning about the characteristics of microbiota and the factors that modulate it could assist in developing strategies to promote human health and prevent diseases. Polysaccharides from Lycium barbarum (LBPs) are found beneficial for enhancing the activity of gut microbiota, as a potential prebiotic, which not only participates in improving body immunity, obesity, hyperlipidemia and systemic inflammation induced by oxidative stress, but also plays a magnificent role in regulating intestinal microenvironment and improving host health and target intestinal effects via its biological activities, as well as gut microbiota and metabolites. To highlight the internal relationship between intestinal microbiota and LBPs, this review focuses on the latest advances in LBPs on the intestinal microbiota, metabolites, immune regulation, intestinal barrier protection, microbiota-gut-brain axis and host health. Moreover, the preparation, structure, bioactivity and modification of LBPs were also discussed. This review may offer new perspective on LBPs improving health of gut and host via intestinal microbiota, and provide useful guidelines for the application of LBPs in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Feng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yating Song
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuqing Duan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tianyu Kong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haihui Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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14
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Zhou W, Yang T, Xu W, Huang Y, Ran L, Yan Y, Mi J, Lu L, Sun Y, Zeng X, Cao Y. The polysaccharides from the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. confer anti-diabetic effect by regulating gut microbiota and intestinal barrier. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Parmar UM, Jalgaonkar MP, Kulkarni YA, Oza MJ. Autophagy-nutrient sensing pathways in diabetic complications. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106408. [PMID: 35988870 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes has been increasing in recent decades which is affecting the population of both, developed and developing countries. Diabetes is associated with micro and macrovascular complications which predominantly result from hyperglycemia and disrupted metabolic pathways. Persistent hyperglycemia leads to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, formation of misfolded and abnormal proteins, and disruption of normal cellular functioning. The inability to maintain metabolic homeostasis under excessive energy and nutrient input, which induces insulin resistance, is a crucial feature during the transition from obesity to diabetes. According to various study reports, redox alterations, intracellular stress and chronic inflammation responses have all been linked to dysregulated energy metabolism and insulin resistance. Autophagy has been considered a cleansing mechanism to prevent these anomalies and restore cellular homeostasis. However, disrupted autophagy has been linked to the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. Recent studies have reported that the regulation of autophagy has a beneficial role against these conditions. When there is plenty of food, nutrient-sensing pathways activate anabolism and storage, but the shortage of food activates homeostatic mechanisms like autophagy, which mobilises internal stockpiles. These nutrient-sensing pathways are well conserved in eukaryotes and are involved in the regulation of autophagy which includes SIRT1, mTOR and AMPK. The current review focuses on the role of SIRT1, mTOR and AMPK in regulating autophagy and suggests autophagy along with these nutrient-sensing pathways as potential therapeutic targets in reducing the progression of various diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvi M Parmar
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Manjiri P Jalgaonkar
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Manisha J Oza
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India.
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16
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Morteza Bagi H, Ahmadi S, Tarighat F, Rahbarghazi R, Soleimanpour H. Interplay between exosomes and autophagy machinery in pain management: State of the art. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2022; 12:100095. [PMID: 35720640 PMCID: PMC9198378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2022.100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent progress regarding inexpensive medical approaches, many individuals suffer from moderate to severe pain globally. The discovery and advent of exosomes, as biological nano-sized vesicles, has revolutionized current knowledge about underlying mechanisms associated with several pathological conditions. Indeed, these particles are touted as biological bio-shuttles with the potential to carry specific signaling biomolecules to cells in proximity and remote sites, maintaining cell-to-cell communication in a paracrine manner. A piece of evidence points to an intricate relationship between exosome biogenesis and autophagy signaling pathways at different molecular levels. A close collaboration of autophagic response with exosome release can affect the body's hemostasis and physiology of different cell types. This review is a preliminary attempt to highlight the possible interface of autophagy flux and exosome biogenesis on pain management with a special focus on neuropathic pain. It is thought that this review article will help us to understand the interplay of autophagic response and exosome biogenesis in the management of pain under pathological conditions. The application of therapies targeting autophagy pathway and exosome abscission can be an alternative strategy in the regulation of pain.
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Key Words
- Autophagy
- CESC-Exo, cartilage endplate stem cell-derived Exo
- Cell Therapy
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ESCRT, endosomal sorting complex required for transport
- HSPA8, heat shock protein family A member 8
- LAMP2, lysosomal‑associated membrane protein type 2
- LAT1, large amino acid transporter
- LTs, leukotrienes
- MAPK8/JNK, mitogen-activated protein kinase 8p-/c-Jun N-terminal Kinase
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- MVBs, multivesicular bodies
- NFKB/NF-κB, nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells
- NPCs, nucleus pulposus cells
- NPCs-Exo, NPCs-derived Exo
- Neural Exosome
- Pain Management
- SNARE, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors
- TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4
- TRAF6, TNF receptor-associated factor 6
- nSMase, ceramide-generating enzyme neutral sphingomyelinases
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Morteza Bagi
- Emergency and Trauma Care Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sajjad Ahmadi
- Emergency and Trauma Care Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faezeh Tarighat
- Emergency and Trauma Care Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Soleimanpour
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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17
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Empagliflozin mitigates type 2 diabetes-associated peripheral neuropathy: a glucose-independent effect through AMPK signaling. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:475-493. [PMID: 35767208 PMCID: PMC9325846 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) represents a severe microvascular condition that dramatically affects diabetic patients despite adequate glycemic control, resulting in high morbidity. Thus, recently, anti-diabetic drugs that possess glucose-independent mechanisms attracted attention. This work aims to explore the potentiality of the selective sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, empagliflozin (EMPA), to ameliorate streptozotocin-induced DPN in rats with insight into its precise signaling mechanism. Rats were allocated into four groups, where control animals received vehicle daily for 2 weeks. In the remaining groups, DPN was elicited by single intraperitoneal injections of freshly prepared streptozotocin and nicotinamide (52.5 and 50 mg/kg, respectively). Then EMPA (3 mg/kg/p.o.) was given to two groups either alone or accompanied with the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin (0.2 mg/kg/i.p.). Despite the non-significant anti-hyperglycemic effect, EMPA improved sciatic nerve histopathological alterations, scoring, myelination, nerve fibers’ count, and nerve conduction velocity. Moreover, EMPA alleviated responses to different nociceptive stimuli along with improved motor coordination. EMPA modulated ATP/AMP ratio, upregulated p-AMPK while reducing p-p38 MAPK expression, p-ERK1/2 and consequently p-NF-κB p65 as well as its downstream mediators (TNF-α and IL-1β), besides enhancing SOD activity and lowering MDA content. Moreover, EMPA downregulated mTOR and stimulated ULK1 as well as beclin-1. Likewise, EMPA reduced miR-21 that enhanced RECK, reducing MMP-2 and -9 contents. EMPA’s beneficial effects were almost abolished by dorsomorphin administration. In conclusion, EMPA displayed a protective effect against DPN independently from its anti-hyperglycemic effect, probably via modulating the AMPK pathway to modulate oxidative and inflammatory burden, extracellular matrix remodeling, and autophagy.
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18
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Abdelkader NF, Elbaset MA, Moustafa PE, Ibrahim SM. Empagliflozin mitigates type 2 diabetes-associated peripheral neuropathy: a glucose-independent effect through AMPK signaling. Arch Pharm Res 2022. [PMID: 35767208 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01391-5/figures/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) represents a severe microvascular condition that dramatically affects diabetic patients despite adequate glycemic control, resulting in high morbidity. Thus, recently, anti-diabetic drugs that possess glucose-independent mechanisms attracted attention. This work aims to explore the potentiality of the selective sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, empagliflozin (EMPA), to ameliorate streptozotocin-induced DPN in rats with insight into its precise signaling mechanism. Rats were allocated into four groups, where control animals received vehicle daily for 2 weeks. In the remaining groups, DPN was elicited by single intraperitoneal injections of freshly prepared streptozotocin and nicotinamide (52.5 and 50 mg/kg, respectively). Then EMPA (3 mg/kg/p.o.) was given to two groups either alone or accompanied with the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin (0.2 mg/kg/i.p.). Despite the non-significant anti-hyperglycemic effect, EMPA improved sciatic nerve histopathological alterations, scoring, myelination, nerve fibers' count, and nerve conduction velocity. Moreover, EMPA alleviated responses to different nociceptive stimuli along with improved motor coordination. EMPA modulated ATP/AMP ratio, upregulated p-AMPK while reducing p-p38 MAPK expression, p-ERK1/2 and consequently p-NF-κB p65 as well as its downstream mediators (TNF-α and IL-1β), besides enhancing SOD activity and lowering MDA content. Moreover, EMPA downregulated mTOR and stimulated ULK1 as well as beclin-1. Likewise, EMPA reduced miR-21 that enhanced RECK, reducing MMP-2 and -9 contents. EMPA's beneficial effects were almost abolished by dorsomorphin administration. In conclusion, EMPA displayed a protective effect against DPN independently from its anti-hyperglycemic effect, probably via modulating the AMPK pathway to modulate oxidative and inflammatory burden, extracellular matrix remodeling, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha F Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Marawan A Elbaset
- Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Passant E Moustafa
- Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherehan M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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19
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Huang R, Wu E, Deng X. Potential of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide for the control of glucose and lipid metabolism disorders: a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2057529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan China
| | - Enhui Wu
- Department of Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou China
| | - Xiangliang Deng
- Department of Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou China
- Department of Basic Teaching and Research Section of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Yunfu China
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20
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Qureshi Z, Ali MN, Khalid M. An Insight into Potential Pharmacotherapeutic Agents for Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:9989272. [PMID: 35127954 PMCID: PMC8813291 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9989272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is the 4th most common disease affecting the world's population. It is accompanied by many complications that deteriorate the quality of life. Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is one of the debilitating consequences of diabetes that effects one-third of diabetic patients. Unfortunately, there is no internationally recommended drug that directly hinders the pathological mechanisms that result in painful diabetic neuropathy. Clinical studies have shown that anticonvulsant and antidepressant therapies have proven fruitful in management of pain associated with PDN. Currently, the FDA approved medications for painful diabetic neuropathies include duloxetine, pregabalin, tapentadol extended release, and capsaicin (for foot PDN only). The FDA has also approved the use of spinal cord stimulation system for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy pain. The drugs recommended by other regulatory bodies include gabapentin, amitriptyline, dextromethorphan, tramadol, venlafaxine, sodium valproate, and 5 % lidocaine patch. These drugs are only partially effective and have adverse effects associated with their use. Treating painful symptoms in diabetic patient can be frustrating not only for the patients but also for health care workers, so additional clinical trials for novel and conventional treatments are required to devise more effective treatment for PDN with minimal side effects. This review gives an insight on the pathways involved in the pathogenesis of PDN and the potential pharmacotherapeutic agents. This will be followed by an overview on the FDA-approved drugs for PDN and commercially available topical analgesic and their effects on painful diabetic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunaira Qureshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Murtaza Najabat Ali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Minahil Khalid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, H-12, 44000 Islamabad, Pakistan
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21
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Lai J, Tang Y, Yang F, Chen J, Huang FH, Yang J, Wang L, Qin D, Law BYK, Wu AG, Wu JM. Targeting autophagy in ethnomedicine against human diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114516. [PMID: 34487846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In the past five years, ethnopharmacy-based drugs have been increasingly used in clinical practice. It has been reported that hundreds of ethnopharmacy-based drugs can modulate autophagy to regulate physiological and pathological processes, and ethnomedicines also have certain therapeutic effects on illnesses, revealing the important roles of these medicines in regulating autophagy and treating diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This study reviews the regulatory effects of natural products on autophagy in recent years, and discusses their pharmacological effects and clinical applications in the process of diseases. It provides a preliminary literature basis and reference for the research of plant drugs in the regulation of autophagy. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive systematic review in the fields of relationship between autophagy and ethnomedicine in treating diseases from PubMed electronic database was performed. Information was obtained from documentary sources. RESULTS We recorded some illnesses associated with autophagy, then classified them into different categories reasonably. Based on the uses of these substances in different researches of diseases, a total of 80 active ingredients or compound preparations of natural drugs were searched. The autophagy mechanisms of these substances in the treatments of divers diseases have been summarized for the first time, we also looked forward to the clinical application of some of them. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy plays a key function in lots of illnesses, the regulation of autophagy has become one of the important means to prevent and treat these diseases. About 80 compounds and preparations involved in this review have been proved to have therapeutic effects on related diseases through the mechanism of autophagy. Experiments in vivo and in vitro showed that these compounds and preparations could treat these diseases by regulating autophagy. The typical natural products curcumin and tripterine have powerful roles in regulating autophagy and show good and diversified curative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Fei Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei-Hong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Dalian Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Betty Yuen-Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - An-Guo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Jian-Ming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China; Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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22
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Zheng B, Zhou X, Hu X, Chen Y, Xie J, Yu Q. Advances in the regulation of natural polysaccharides on human health: The role of apoptosis/autophagy pathway. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-12. [PMID: 34711083 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1995844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the multiple biological activities of polysaccharides, their great potential as "natural drugs" for many diseases has been the subject of continuous exploration in the field of food and nutrition. Apoptosis and autophagy play a key role in mammalian growth, development and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Recent studies suggest that apoptosis/autophagy may be the key regulatory target for the beneficial effects of polysaccharides. However, the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy by polysaccharides is not consistent in different disease models. Therefore, this review outlined the relationship between apoptosis/autophagy and some common human diseases, then discussed the role of apoptosis/autophagy pathway in the regulation of human health by polysaccharides, Furthermore, the application of visualization, imaging and multi-omics techniques was proposed in the future trend. The present review may be beneficial to accelerate our understanding of the anti-disease mechanisms of polysaccharides, and promote the development and utilization of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaobo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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23
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Pan H, Niu L, Wu Y, Chen L, Zhou X, Zhao Y. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide protects rats and cardiomyocytes against ischemia/reperfusion injury via Nrf2 activation through autophagy inhibition. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:778. [PMID: 34498711 PMCID: PMC8436221 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes is mainly the result of ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) myocardial injury, leading to persistent heart dysfunction and heart failure. It has been reported that Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) has protective effects on cardiomyocytes, but the specific mechanism is still not completely understood. The present study examined the protective role of LBP in myocardial I/R injury. Rats were subjected to myocardial I/R injury and LBP treatment. Moreover, rat myocardial H9C2 cells exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) were used to simulate cardiac injury during myocardial I/R process and were exposed to LBP, rapamycin (an autophagy activator) or nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transfection. Morphological examination, histopathological examination and echocardiography were used to determine the cardiac injury after I/R injury. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined via MTT and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), cardiac troponin T (cTnT), IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxidase dismutase (SOD) in rat serum, hearts and/or cells were assessed using ELISAs. The expression levels of Beclin 1, LC3II/LC3I, P62 and Nrf2 were analyzed via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. The results demonstrated that LBP improved heart function and repaired cardiomyocyte damage in I/R model rats, as well as reduced the production of cTnT, CK, LDH, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. The in vitro study results indicated that LBP increased cell viability, the apoptosis rate, and the levels of SOD and P62, as well as reduced the levels of LDH, CK, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, Beclin 1 and LC3-II/LC3-I in H/R-injured H9C2 cells. Moreover, LBP promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation, but decreased Nrf2 expression in the cytoplasm. Rapamycin exacerbated the aforementioned effects in H/R injured H9C2 cells, and partially reversed LBP-induced effects. Overexpressing Nrf2 counteracted I/R-induced effects and partially resisted rapamycin-induced effects. These findings demonstrated that LBP exhibited a cardiac protective effect on the ischemic myocardium of rats after reperfusion and attenuated myocardial I/R injury via autophagy inhibition-induced Nrf2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Lin Niu
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yihao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Liuying Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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The role of sirt1 in the retinal ganglion cells cultured by high glucose. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 41:845-852. [PMID: 33174070 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of sirt1 on retinal ganglion cells (RGC) with high glucose culture and to explore the role of sirt1 in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Method RGC was infected by sirt1 lentivirus overexpression vector pLV5-sirt1 and interference vector pLV3-si-sirt1. The normal control group and control virus vector group were set up at the same time. After 48 h of infection, the viability of RGC was detected by CCK8 kit, the apoptosis rate was detected by FCM analysis, and the protein expression of p53, FOXO3a, NF-κ B, caspase-3 was detected by Western blot. RESULTS After RGC were infected with lentivirus, the cell viability of lentivirus overexpression vector pLV5-sirt1 was significantly higher than that of the high glucose group and the sirt1 overexpression control group, while the cell viability of interference vector pLV3-si-sirt1 was significantly lower than that of the high glucose group and the sirt1 interference control group (P < 0.05). At the same time, the apoptosis rate of RGC cells infected by lentivirus overexpression vector pLV5-sirt1 was lower than that of the high glucose group and the control virus vector group, while the apoptosis rate of the interference vector pLV3-si-sirt1 cells was significantly higher than that of the high glucose group and the control virus vector group (P < 0.05). The results of Western blotting showed that the expression of p53, FOXO3a, NF-κ B and caspase-3 in RGC cells decreased significantly after infection with pLV5-sirt1 compared with the high glucose group and the control virus vector group, while the expression of p53, FOXO3a, NF-κB and caspase-3 in RGC cells increased significantly after infection with pLV3-si-sirt1 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Sirt1 can inhibit the apoptosis of RGCs through regulating the expression of some apoptotic cytokinessome, and it can be used as a candidate gene for the biotherapy of retinal diseases.
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Sajadimajd S, Bahrami G, Mohammadi B, Nouri Z, Farzaei MH, Chen JT. Protective effect of the isolated oligosaccharide from Rosa canina in STZ-treated cells through modulation of the autophagy pathway. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13404. [PMID: 32761921 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of active components of therapeutic plants and discovering molecular mechanisms play a pivotal role in therapy of diabetes. This study aimed to determine the antidiabetic mechanism of an oligosaccharide isolated from Rosa canina (RCO) by measuring the expression of some miRNAs and their targets involved in autophagy. RCO was extracted and characterized by using HPLC and spectroscopic methods. Rin-5F cells were treated with STZ and RCO alone and in combination. The viability of the cells and the expression of miR-21, miR-22, Akt, ATG5, Beclin1, LC3A, and LC3B were analyzed using MTT assay, and qRT-PCR, respectively. Oligosaccharide fraction could improve the viability of RCO-treated cells as compared to STZ-treated cells. Further, the expression of autophagy markers was increased in RCO-treated diabetic cells compared to STZ-treated cells. The results indicated that the antidiabetic effects of the oligosaccharide components of R. canina seem to be mediated by modulation of autophagy pathway. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Given effectiveness of an oligosaccharide fraction isolated from Rosa canina in management of diabetes in STZ-induced diabetic rats, we have intention to scrutinize its molecular mechanism as modulation of autophagy pathway in STZ-treated Rin-5F cells. It is expected that the results paved the way to speculate novel antidiabetic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gholamreza Bahrami
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bahareh Mohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zeinab Nouri
- Student's Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Activation of Sirtuin1 by lyceum barbarum polysaccharides in protection against diabetic cataract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113165. [PMID: 32730875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) extracted from the Lycium barbarum L. has been widely used to improve diabetes and its relative complications. However, the mechanisms have not fully understood. A recent study has demonstrated that LBP upregulates suituin 1 (SIRT1). OBJECTIVE This study was to define the role of Sirt1 and its downstream signaling pathways in diabetic cataract using in vitro and in vivo models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human lens epithelial cell line SRA01/04 cells were cultured under high glucose (HG) medium with treatment of LBP or vehicle. Cell viability, apoptosis, protein and/or mRNA levels of Sirt1, BAX, Bcl-2, active-caspase-3, FOXO1, p27 and acetylated p53 were measured. SIRT1 upregulated- and knocked-down cells were generated and tested in high glucose culture. Diabetes mellitus was induced in rats by streptozotocin injection. Body weight, blood glucose levels, lens transparency and retinal function were assessed and SIRT1, as well as the aforementioned biomarkers were measured using Western blotting and qPCR in the animal lens samples. RESULTS The results showed that HG decreased cell viability and LBP prevented the decrease. The reduced viability in HG cultured SRA01/04 cells was associated with increased levels of BAX, active caspase 3, FOXO1, p27, and p53 and decreased levels of SIRT1 and Bcl-2. Further experiments using sirt1 gene modulated cells showed that upregulation of Sirt1 improved viability, increase cell division as reflected by an increased proportion of S phase in the cell cycle, reduced the number of apoptotic cell death and suppressed p53 acetylation and caspase 3 activation. Opposite results were observed in SIRT1 knock-down cells. Treating diabetic animals with LBP reduced body weight loss and blood glucose content in diabetic animals. Similarly, LBP hindered the development of cataract in lenses and improved retinal function. The beneficial effect of LBP on diabetic cataract was associated with the supression of p53, caspase 3, FOXO1, BAX, p27 and elevation of SIRT1 and Bcl-2, which were consistent with the in vitro findings. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that diabetes caused cataract is associated with suppression of SIRT1 and Bcl-2 and activation of other cell death related genes. LBP prevented diabetic cataract in animals by upregulating Sirt1 and Bcl-2 and suppressing cell death related genes.
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Wang Y, Han Q, Bai F, Luo Q, Wu M, Song G, Zhang H, Wang Y. The assembly and antitumor activity of lycium barbarum polysaccharide-platinum-based conjugates. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 205:111001. [PMID: 32007698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the new polysaccharide-platinum conjugates of 5-aminosalicylic acid modified lycium barbarum polysaccharide linking platinum compounds were designed in order to construct an anticancer metal drug delivery system. The multiple analysis methods were used to describe the chemical structure and physical properties of the polysaccharide-metal conjugates. The results showed that 5-aminosalicylic acid successfully acted as linker which was covalently bound between polysaccharide and platinum compound. The morphology and rheological properties of polysaccharide have been changed by the formation of conjugates, which exhibited certain inhibition specificity to A549 (human lung cancer cell line). The agarose gel electrophoresis and fluorescence microscopy results demonstrated that such conjugates promoted the unwinding of DNA and could significantly damage the nucleus of A549 cells. Cell cycle analyzing the Pt complex of conjugates could cause intracellular DNA damage and induced G2 phase arrest. So, polysaccharide-platinum conjugates might find a range of applications, for example in metal anticancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Ecology, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province 224051, People's Republic of China; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Han
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Ecology, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province 224051, People's Republic of China; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Bai
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Ecology, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province 224051, People's Republic of China; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Ecology, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province 224051, People's Republic of China; Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingliang Wu
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Ecology, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province 224051, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Song
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Ecology, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province 224051, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Ecology, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province 224051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Ecology, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province 224051, People's Republic of China.
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Jamali-Raeufy N, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani M, keimasi S, goudarzi M. Isorhamnetin exerts neuroprotective effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats via attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 102:101709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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The Anticancer Activity of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide by Inhibiting Autophagy in Human Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. INT J POLYM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/5065920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. This study is aimed at investigating the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma A431 cells in vitro and in vivo via its regulation on autophagy. Methods. In vitro experiment: A431 cells were treated with different concentrations of LBP, and cell viability was measured by the CCK8 method. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis rate. The expression of Ki67, PCNA, cl-caspase-3, Bcl-2, and LC3II and the phosphorylation status of JNK and ERK1/2, as well as the effect of SP600125 cotreatment on the expression of autophagy and apoptosis-associated proteins, were determined via Western blot. In vivo experiment: a transplanted tumor model was established by subcutaneous injection of A431 cells to the nude mice. 50 mg/kg LBP was injected into the mice intraperitoneally; the survival rate of mice, volume, and weight of tumor were determined on the 30th day. The expression of Ki67 and MMP-2 proteins was measured by immunohistochemistry. Results. LBP at concentrations of 400 μg/ml and above was significantly cytotoxic to A431 cells, whereas, within the dose range of 50 μg/ml~200 μg/ml, LBP significantly inhibited the expression of Ki67 and PCNA proteins, promoted the expression of cl-caspase-3, inhibited the expression of Bcl-2 protein, downregulated the expression of autophagy marker LC3II, and reduced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, whereas the level of JNK phosphorylation was upregulated. At the same time, the regulation of Beclin1, LC3II, Bcl-2, and cl-caspase-3 by LBP was effectively reversed by the cotreatment of SP600125. In addition, LBP increased the survival rate of transplanted nude mice, reduced tumor volume and weight, and downregulated the expression of Ki67 and MMP-2. Conclusion. LBP can induce apoptosis of A431 cells by inhibiting autophagy and can inhibit tumor growth in vivo.
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Sankrityayan H, Oza MJ, Kulkarni YA, Mulay SR, Gaikwad AB. ER stress response mediates diabetic microvascular complications. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:2247-2257. [PMID: 31430543 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis orchestrates the folding, modification, and trafficking of secretory and membrane proteins to the Golgi compartment, thus governing cellular functions. Alterations in ER homeostasis result in the activation of signaling pathways, such as the unfolded protein response (UPR), to regain ER homeostasis. Nevertheless, failure of UPR leads to activation of autophagy-mediated cell death. Several recent studies emphasized the association of the ER stress (ERS) response with the initiation and progression of diabetes. In this review, we highlight the contribution of the ERS response, such as UPR and autophagy, in the initiation and progression of diabetes and associated microvascular complications, including diabetic nephropathy (DN), retinopathy, and neuropathy, in various experimental models, as well as in humans. We highlight the ERS as a putative therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic microvascular complications and, thus, the urgent need for the development of improved synthetic and natural inhibitors of ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Sankrityayan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Manisha J Oza
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India; SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Shrikant R Mulay
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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Liu X, Zhu M, Ju Y, Li A, Sun X. Autophagy dysfunction in neuropathic pain. Neuropeptides 2019; 75:41-48. [PMID: 30910234 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that maintains tissue homeostasis by recycling damaged and aged cellular components, which plays important roles in development of the nervous system, as well as in neuronal function and survival. In addition, autophagy dysfunction underlies neuropathic pain. Thus, the modulation of autophagy can alleviate neuropathic pain. Here, we describe the definition, mechanisms of autophagy and neuropathic pain. On this basis, we further discuss the role of autophagy dysfunction in neuropathic pain. This review updates our knowledge on autophagy mechanisms which propose potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Manhui Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 210005, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ju
- Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 2266001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aihong Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Liu Q, Han Q, Lu M, Wang H, Tang F. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide attenuates cardiac hypertrophy, inhibits calpain-1 expression and inhibits NF-κB activation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:509-516. [PMID: 31258688 PMCID: PMC6566019 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is one of the key structural changes that occurs in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Previous studies have indicated that the activation of NF-κB by calpain-1, a Ca2+-dependent cysteine protease, serves an important role in cardiac hypertrophy. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of 30 and 60 mg/kg Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) treatment, the major active ingredient extracted from Lycium barbarum, on cardiac hypertrophy in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. In addition, the present study examined the possible underlying mechanisms of this effect by assessing calpain-1 expression and the NF-κB pathway. The mRNA expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of calpain-1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) in the heart tissue. The results revealed that compared with non-diabetic rats, diabetic rats exhibited cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy was defined by the following: Dysfunction of the cardiac hemodynamics, an increase in the ratios of left ventricular weight/body weight and heart weight/body weight and the increased expressions of ANP and BNP, which serve as hypertrophic markers in cardiac tissue. However, all of these changes were attenuated in diabetic rats treated with LBP. In addition, the protein expression of calpain-1 was increased in the heart tissue of diabetic rats compared with that of non-diabetic rats, where it was inhibited by LBP. LBP also decreased the protein expression of certain inflammatory mediators, IL-6, TNF-α, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and TLR-4 in diabetic heart tissue. Furthermore, LBP treatment reduced the production of reactive oxygen species, upregulated the protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and downregulated the protein expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase. Additionally, LBP increased the protein expression of p65, the subunit of NF-κB and inhibitory protein кB-α in the cytoplasm and reduced p65 expression in the nucleus. In conclusion, LBP improves cardiac hypertrophy, inhibits the expression of calpain-1 and inhibits the activation of NF-κB in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Meili Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Futian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
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Qi HY, Qu XJ, Liu J, Hou KZ, Fan YB, Che XF, Liu YP. Bufalin induces protective autophagy by Cbl-b regulating mTOR and ERK signaling pathways in gastric cancer cells. Cell Biol Int 2018; 43:33-43. [PMID: 30468278 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Qi
- Department of Medical Oncology; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province; The First Hospital of China Medical University; No. 155, North Nanjing Street Heping District Shenyang 110001 China
- Department of the First Medical Oncology; The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang 110032 China
| | - Xiu-Juan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province; The First Hospital of China Medical University; No. 155, North Nanjing Street Heping District Shenyang 110001 China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province; The First Hospital of China Medical University; No. 155, North Nanjing Street Heping District Shenyang 110001 China
| | - Ke-Zuo Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province; The First Hospital of China Medical University; No. 155, North Nanjing Street Heping District Shenyang 110001 China
| | - Yi-Bo Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province; The First Hospital of China Medical University; No. 155, North Nanjing Street Heping District Shenyang 110001 China
| | - Xiao-Fang Che
- Department of Medical Oncology; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province; The First Hospital of China Medical University; No. 155, North Nanjing Street Heping District Shenyang 110001 China
| | - Yun-Peng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province; The First Hospital of China Medical University; No. 155, North Nanjing Street Heping District Shenyang 110001 China
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Yang F, Wei Y, Liao B, Wei G, Qin H, Pang X, Wang J. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide prevents cisplatin-induced MLTC-1 cell apoptosis and autophagy via regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:3211-3219. [PMID: 30288025 PMCID: PMC6163019 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s176316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) has been reported to contribute to the recovery of male hypogonadism and infertility. Aim The aim of current study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of LBP on male infertility recovery. Methods Recently, it is reported that cell apoptosis mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) was distinguished from that mediated by death reporters and mitochondria pathway, which could induce cell apoptosis independently. The possible signaling mechanisms were investigated using diversified molecular biology techniques, such as flow cytometry, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Results In this study, we found that LBP protected Leydig MLTC-1 cells against cisplatin (DDP) by regulating ERS-mediated signal pathway, which was evidenced by downregulation of phosphorylation PERK, phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation-initiation factor 2α and activating transcription factor 4. Meanwhile, LBP decreased DDP-induced MLTC-1 cell apoptosis via reducing ERS apoptosis-relative proteins caspase 3, caspase 7, and caspase 12. In addition, the result of monodansylcadaverine staining indicated that LBP significantly inhibited DDP-induced autophagosome formation in MLTC-1 cells. Moreover, immunofluorescences and Western blot assays demonstrated that LBP reversed DDP-induced LC3II and Atg5 upregulation in MLTC-1 cells. Finally, the data of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that LBP markedly recovered MLTC-1 cells testosterone level even in the presence of DDP. Conclusion Thus, we suggest that LBP protected MLTC-1 cells against DDP via regulation of ERS-mediated apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglian Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China
| | - Yuxia Wei
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China,
| | - Biyun Liao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China,
| | - Guijiang Wei
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China,
| | - Haimei Qin
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China,
| | - Xiaoxia Pang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China,
| | - Junli Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, China,
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Dewanjee S, Das S, Das AK, Bhattacharjee N, Dihingia A, Dua TK, Kalita J, Manna P. Molecular mechanism of diabetic neuropathy and its pharmacotherapeutic targets. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:472-523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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