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Nikitiuk BE, Rydzewska-Rosołowska A, Kakareko K, Głowińska I, Hryszko T. On Whether Ca-125 Is the Answer for Diagnosing Overhydration, Particularly in End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2192. [PMID: 38396869 PMCID: PMC10889175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Overhydration (OH) is a prevalent medical problem that occurs in patients with kidney failure, but a specific marker has still not been found. Patients requiring kidney replacement therapy suffer from a water imbalance, which is correlated with mortality rates in this population. Currently, clinicians employ techniques such as bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) and ultrasound (USG) markers of overhydration or markers of heart and kidney function, namely NT-pro-BNP, GFR, or creatinine levels. New serum markers, including but not limited to Ca-125, galectin-3 (Gal-3), adrenomedullin (AMD), and urocortin-2 (UCN-2), are presently under research and have displayed promising results. Ca-125, which is a protein mainly used in ovarian cancer diagnoses, holds great potential to become an OH marker. It is currently being investigated by cardiologists as it corresponds to the volume status in heart failure (HF) and ventricular hypertrophy, which are also associated with OH. The need to ascertain a more precise marker of overhydration is urgent mainly because physical examinations are exceptionally inaccurate. The signs and symptoms of overhydration, such as edema or a gradual increase in body mass, are not always present, notably in patients with chronic kidney disease. Metabolic disruptions and cachexia can give a false picture of the hydration status. This review paper summarizes the existing knowledge on the assessment of a patient's hydration status, focusing specifically on kidney diseases and the role of Ca-125.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicja Rydzewska-Rosołowska
- 2nd Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Internal Medicine with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (B.E.N.); (K.K.); (I.G.); (T.H.)
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2
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Urocortins as biomarkers in cardiovascular disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1-14. [PMID: 34939089 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The urocortins (Ucns) belong to the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of peptides and have multiple effects within the central nervous and the cardiovascular systems. With growing evidence indicating significant cardioprotective properties and cardiovascular actions of these peptides, the question arises as to whether the plasma profiles of the Ucns are altered in pathologic settings. While reports have shown conflicting results and findings have not been corroborated in multiple independent cohorts, it seems likely that plasma Ucn concentrations are elevated in multiple cardiovascular conditions. The degree of increase and accurate determination of circulating values of the Ucns requires further validation.
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Urocortin Role in Ischemia Cardioprotection and the Adverse Cardiac Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212115. [PMID: 34829997 PMCID: PMC8622004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the considerable progress in strategies of myocardial protection, ischemic heart diseases (IHD) and consequent heart failure (HF) remain the main cause of mortality worldwide. Several procedures are used routinely to guarantee the prompt and successful reestablishment of blood flow to preserve the myocardial viability of infarcted hearts from ischemia injuries. However, ischemic heart reperfusion/revascularization triggers additional damages that occur when oxygen-rich blood re-enters the vulnerable myocardial tissue, which is a phenomenon known as ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) syndrome. Complications of I/R injuries provoke the adverse cardiac remodeling, involving inflammation, mishandling of Ca2+ homeostasis, apoptotic genes activation, cardiac myocytes loss, etc., which often progress toward HF. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new cardioprotective therapies for IHD and HF. Compelling evidence from animal studies and pilot clinical trials in HF patients suggest that urocortin (Ucn) isoforms, which are peptides associated with stress and belonging to the corticotropin releasing factor family, have promising potential to improve cardiovascular functions by targeting many signaling pathways at different molecular levels. This review highlights the current knowledge on the role of urocortin isoforms in cardioprotection, focusing on its acute and long-term effects.
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Kovács DK, Farkas N, Soós A, Hegyi P, Kelava L, Eitmann S, Schekk A, Molnár Z, Erőss B, Balaskó M. Assessment of clinical data on urocortins and their therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 14:2461-2473. [PMID: 34378854 PMCID: PMC8604231 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular diseases present public health challenges. Although great progress was achieved in their treatment, there is continuous need for new therapies. Urocortins of the corticotropin neuropeptide family were reported to exert beneficial effects in animal models of HF and cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to assess the available clinical evidence on the potential role of urocortins in HF and other cardiovascular diseases. We explored MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and Scopus databases. Twenty‐seven studies were included in the qualitative and 15 studies (2005 patients) in the quantitative syntheses. Available data allowed us to meta‐analyze the blood pressure (BP) lowering and heart rate (HR) increasing effects of urocortin 2 in HF with reduced ejection fraction. We applied meta‐regression to explore the association between left ventricular ejection fraction and serum urocortin 1 and urocortin 2 levels. Short‐term urocortin 2 infusion decreased mean arterial pressure in chronic HF with reduced ejection fraction (mean difference = −9.161 mmHg, 95% confidence interval [CI] −12.661 to −5.660 mmHg, p < 0.001). Such infusions increased HR mildly (mean difference = 5.629 beats/min, 95% CI 1.612 to 9.646 beats/min, p = 0.006). Although some studies reported increased urocortin 1 and urocortin 2 levels in HF with growing severity, our meta‐regressions failed to confirm associations between blood urocortin levels and left ventricular ejection fraction. Clinical evidence confirms short‐term BP lowering effects of urocortin 2, whereas individual studies report additional beneficial effects. Further clinical investigations are necessary to confirm the latter and the long‐term value of these peptides in cardiovascular diseases. Review protocol: CRD42020163203.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra K Kovács
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nelli Farkas
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Soós
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Translational Medicine, First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Leonardo Kelava
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szimonetta Eitmann
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Anna Schekk
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Molnár
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bálint Erőss
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Márta Balaskó
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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5
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Pintalhao M, Maia-Rocha C, Castro-Chaves P, Adão R, Barros AS, Clara Martins R, Leite-Moreira A, Bettencourt P, Bras-Silva C. Urocortin-2 in Acute Heart Failure: Role as a Marker of Volume Overload and Pulmonary Hypertension. Curr Probl Cardiol 2021; 47:100860. [PMID: 33994037 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.100860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Urocortin (Ucn)-2 has shown promising therapeutic effects on heart failure (HF). However, there are still significant knowledge gaps regarding the role and modulation of the endogenous Ucn-2 axis in the cardiovascular system and, specifically, in acute HF. We evaluated Ucn-2 levels in admission serum samples of 80 acute HF patients and assessed their association with clinical, analytical and echocardiographic parameters. Median age was 76.5 years, and 37 patients (46%) were male. Median serum Ucn-2 was 2.3ng/mL. Ucn-2 levels were positively associated with peripheral edemas (P = 0.022), hepatomegaly (P = 0.007) and sodium retention score (ρ = 0.37, P = 0.001) and inversely correlated with inferior vena cava collapse at inspiration (ρ = -0.37, P = 0.001). Additionally, patients with higher Ucn-2 levels had a higher prevalence of right atrial dilation (P = 0.027), right ventricle dilation (P = 0.008), and higher systolic pulmonary artery pressure (ρ = 0.34, P = 0.002). Regarding analytical parameters, Ucn-2 correlated positively with log BNP (r = 0.22, P = 0.055) and inversely with uric acid (r = 0.24, P = 0.029) and total (r = -0.30, P = 0.007) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.23, P = 0.038). No associations were found between Ucn-2 and age, sex or left heart structure or function. In conclusion, Circulating Ucn-2 was associated with clinical and echocardiographic markers of volume overload and pulmonary hypertension in acute HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pintalhao
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto; Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal; Cardiovascular Research Centre (UnIC), Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal; Department of Internal Medicine, São João Hospital Centre; Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carolina Maia-Rocha
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto; Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal; Cardiovascular Research Centre (UnIC), Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Castro-Chaves
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto; Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal; Cardiovascular Research Centre (UnIC), Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal; Department of Internal Medicine, São João Hospital Centre; Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Adão
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto; Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal; Cardiovascular Research Centre (UnIC), Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - António S Barros
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto; Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal; Cardiovascular Research Centre (UnIC), Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rafael Clara Martins
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto; Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal; Cardiovascular Research Centre (UnIC), Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto; Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal; Cardiovascular Research Centre (UnIC), Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Bettencourt
- Cardiovascular Research Centre (UnIC), Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto; Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Bras-Silva
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto; Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal; Cardiovascular Research Centre (UnIC), Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
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Gao MH, Giamouridis D, Lai NC, Guo T, Xia B, Kim YC, Huu VAN, Skowronska-Krawczyk D, Lantier L, Bhargava R, Hammond HK. Urocortin 2 Gene Transfer Improves Glycemic Control and Reduces Retinopathy and Mortality in Murine Insulin Deficiency. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2020; 17:220-233. [PMID: 31970200 PMCID: PMC6965520 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes affects 20 million patients worldwide. Insulin is the primary and commonly the sole therapy for type 1 diabetes. However, only a minority of patients attain the targeted glucose control and reduced adverse events. We tested urocortin 2 gene transfer as single-agent therapy for insulin deficiency using two mouse models. Urocortin 2 gene transfer reduced blood glucose for months after a single intravenous injection, through increased skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, increased insulin release in response to glucose stimulation, and increased plasma insulin levels before and during euglycemic clamp. The combined increases in both insulin availability and sensitivity resulted in improved glycemic indices-events that were not anticipated in these insulin-deficient models. In addition, urocortin 2 gene transfer reduced ocular manifestations of long-standing insulin deficiency such as vascular leak and improved retinal function. Finally, mortality was reduced by urocortin 2 gene transfer. The mechanisms for these beneficial effects included increased activities of AMP-activated protein kinase and Akt (protein kinase B) in skeletal muscle, increased skeletal muscle glucose uptake, and increased insulin release. These data suggest that urocortin 2 gene transfer may be a viable therapy for new onset type 1 diabetes and might reduce insulin needs in later stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hua Gao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Dimosthenis Giamouridis
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - N. Chin Lai
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Tracy Guo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Young Chul Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Viet Anh Nguyen Huu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | | | - Louise Lantier
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Nashville, TN 37232-0615, USA
| | - Raag Bhargava
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - H. Kirk Hammond
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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Giamouridis D, Gao MH, Lai NC, Guo T, Miyanohara A, Blankesteijn WM, Biessen EAL, Hammond HK. Urocortin 2 Gene Transfer Improves Heart Function in Aged Mice. Mol Ther 2020; 28:180-188. [PMID: 31676153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic dysfunction increases with aging. We previously reported that urocortin 2 (Ucn2) gene transfer increases heart function in mice with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Here, we test the hypotheses that (1) Ucn2 gene transfer will increase LV function in aged mice and that (2) Ucn2 gene transfer given in early life will prevent age-related LV dysfunction. Nineteen-month-old (treatment study) and 3-month-old (prevention study) mice received Ucn2 gene transfer or saline. LV function was examined 3-4 months (treatment study) or 20 months (prevention study) after Ucn2 gene transfer or saline injection. In both the treatment and prevention strategies, Ucn2 gene transfer increased ejection fraction, reduced LV volume, increased LV peak -dP/dt and peak +dP/dt, and reduced global longitudinal strain. Ucn2 gene transfer-in both treatment and prevention strategies-was associated with higher levels of LV SERCA2a protein, reduced phosphorylation of LV CaMKIIa, and reduced LV α-skeletal actin mRNA expression (reflecting reduced cardiac stress). In conclusion, Ucn2 gene transfer restores normal cardiac function in mice with age-related LV dysfunction and prevents development of LV dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimosthenis Giamouridis
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Mei Hua Gao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - N Chin Lai
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tracy Guo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Atsushi Miyanohara
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - W Matthijs Blankesteijn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Kirk Hammond
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Choy KW, Tsai APY, Lin PBC, Wu MY, Lee C, Alias A, Pang CY, Liew HK. The Role of Urocortins in Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010096. [PMID: 31935997 PMCID: PMC7022917 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causes an accumulation of blood in the brain parenchyma that disrupts the normal neurological function of the brain. Despite extensive clinical trials, no medical or surgical therapy has shown to be effective in managing ICH, resulting in a poor prognosis for the patients. Urocortin (UCN) is a 40-amino-acid endogenous neuropeptide that belongs to the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) family. The effect of UCN is activated by binding to two G-protein coupled receptors, CRH-R1 and CRH-R2, which are expressed in brain neurons and glial cells in various brain regions. Current research has shown that UCN exerts neuroprotective effects in ICH models via anti-inflammatory effects, which generally reduced brain edema and reduced blood-brain barrier disruption. These effects gradually help in the improvement of the neurological outcome, and thus, UCN may be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of ICH. This review summarizes the data published to date on the role of UCN in ICH and the possible protective mechanisms underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ker Woon Choy
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh 42300, Malaysia;
| | - Andy Po-Yi Tsai
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.P.-Y.T.); (P.B.-C.L.)
| | - Peter Bor-Chian Lin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.P.-Y.T.); (P.B.-C.L.)
| | - Meng-Yu Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan;
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Chihyi Lee
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Aspalilah Alias
- Department of Basic Sciences and Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia;
| | - Cheng-Yoong Pang
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 707, Section 3, Zhong-yang Road, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- CardioVascular Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.P.); or (H.-K.L.); Tel.: +886-3-8561825 (ext. 15911) (H.-K.L.); Fax: +886-3-8562019 (H.-K.L.)
| | - Hock-Kean Liew
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 707, Section 3, Zhong-yang Road, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- CardioVascular Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- PhD Program in Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Neuro-Medical Scientific Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.P.); or (H.-K.L.); Tel.: +886-3-8561825 (ext. 15911) (H.-K.L.); Fax: +886-3-8562019 (H.-K.L.)
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Stenmark KR, Graham BB. Urocortin 2: will a drug targeting both the vasculature and the right ventricle be the future of pulmonary hypertension therapy? Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:1057-1059. [PMID: 29800416 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt R Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine; and
| | - Brian B Graham
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine; and.,Program in Translational Lung Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Borg ML, Massart J, Schönke M, De Castro Barbosa T, Guo L, Wade M, Alsina-Fernandez J, Miles R, Ryan A, Bauer S, Coskun T, O'Farrell E, Niemeier EM, Chibalin AV, Krook A, Karlsson HK, Brozinick JT, Zierath JR. Modified UCN2 Peptide Acts as an Insulin Sensitizer in Skeletal Muscle of Obese Mice. Diabetes 2019; 68:1403-1414. [PMID: 31010957 DOI: 10.2337/db18-1237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide urocortin 2 (UCN2) and its receptor corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 (CRHR2) are highly expressed in skeletal muscle and play a role in regulating energy balance and glucose metabolism. We investigated a modified UCN2 peptide as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of obesity and insulin resistance, with a specific focus on skeletal muscle. High-fat-fed mice (C57BL/6J) were injected daily with a PEGylated UCN2 peptide (compound A) at 0.3 mg/kg subcutaneously for 14 days. Compound A reduced body weight, food intake, whole-body fat mass, and intramuscular triglycerides compared with vehicle-treated controls. Furthermore, whole-body glucose tolerance was improved by compound A treatment, with increased insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 and Thr308 in skeletal muscle, concomitant with increased glucose transport into extensor digitorum longus and gastrocnemius muscle. Mechanistically, this is linked to a direct effect on skeletal muscle because ex vivo exposure of soleus muscle from chow-fed lean mice to compound A increased glucose transport and insulin signaling. Moreover, exposure of GLUT4-Myc-labeled L6 myoblasts to compound A increased GLUT4 trafficking. Our results demonstrate that modified UCN2 peptides may be efficacious in the treatment of type 2 diabetes by acting as an insulin sensitizer in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Borg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julie Massart
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Milena Schönke
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thais De Castro Barbosa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lili Guo
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Mark Wade
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Rebecca Miles
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Andrew Ryan
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Steve Bauer
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Tamer Coskun
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Elizabeth O'Farrell
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Evan M Niemeier
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Alexander V Chibalin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan K Karlsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joseph T Brozinick
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Section for Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake M. Kieserman
- Division of CardiologyThe Department of MedicineLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Valerie D. Myers
- Division of CardiologyThe Department of MedicineLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Praveen Dubey
- Division of CardiologyThe Department of MedicineLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Joseph Y. Cheung
- Division of CardiologyThe Department of MedicineLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Arthur M. Feldman
- Division of CardiologyThe Department of MedicineLewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple UniversityPhiladelphiaPA
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12
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Kim YC, Giamouridis D, Lai NC, Guo T, Xia B, Fu Z, Gao MH, Hammond HK. Urocortin 2 Gene Transfer Reduces the Adverse Effects of a Western Diet on Cardiac Function in Mice. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 30:693-701. [PMID: 30648430 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased risk of heart failure. It has been previously demonstrated in mice that a single injection of adeno-associated virus 8 encoding urocortin 2 (AAV8.UCn2) increases glucose disposal in models of insulin resistance and improves the function of the failing heart. The present study tested the hypothesis that UCn2 gene transfer would reduce diabetes-related left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Eight-week-old C57BL6 male mice were fed a Western diet (WD; 45% fat, 35% carbohydrate) for 40 weeks. At week 30, they received saline or AAV8.UCn2 (2 × 1013 genome copies/kg) via intravenous injection. Ten weeks after gene transfer, fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, and cardiac function were measured via echocardiography and in vivo measurement of LV contractile function, and the results were compared to those of mice fed normal chow (NC; 10% fat; 70% carbohydrate). The contents of key LV signaling proteins were also measured to probe mechanisms. WD increased 12 h fasting glucose (WD: 190 ± 11 mg/dL, n = 8; NC: 105 ± 12 mg/dL, n = 7; p = 0.0004). WD tended to reduce LV peak +dP/dt (p = 0.08) and LV peak -dP/dt (p = 0.05). LV ejection fraction was unchanged. Among WD-fed mice, UCn2 gene transfer reduced 12 h fasting glucose (WD-UCn2: 149 ± 6 mg/dL, n = 8; WD-Saline: 190 ± 11 mg/dL, n = 8; p = 0.012), increased LV peak +dP/dt (p < 0.001) and LV peak -dP/dt (p = 0.013), and reduced Tau (p < 0.02), indicating beneficial effects on systolic and diastolic LV function. In addition, among WD-fed mice, UCn2 gene transfer increased LV ejection fraction (p < 0.005) and the velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (p = 0.0005). Finally, a reduction was seen in fatty infiltration of the liver in WD-fed mice that had received UCn2 gene transfer. LV samples from WD-UCn2 mice showed increased phosphorylation of the protein kinase A catalytic domain (p = 0.03). In conclusion, UCn2 gene transfer increased LV systolic and diastolic function and reduced blood glucose in mice with diabetes-related LV dysfunction, indicating that UCn2 gene transfer may be of potential therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Chul Kim
- 1 Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Dimosthenis Giamouridis
- 1 Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - N Chin Lai
- 1 Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Tracy Guo
- 1 Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Bing Xia
- 1 Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Zhenxing Fu
- 1 Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Mei Hua Gao
- 1 Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - H Kirk Hammond
- 1 Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
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13
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Do urocortins have a role in treating cardiovascular disease? Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:279-284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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14
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Abstract
The identification of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) has led to the discovery of a growing family of ligands and receptors. CRH receptor 1 (CRHR1) and CRHR2 are mammalian G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) with high affinity for CRH and the CRH family of peptides. CRHR1 is predominantly expressed in the brain and plays a vital role in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis stress responses by secreting adrenal corticotropic hormone (ACTH). CRHR2 is predominantly expressed in the heart, and a CRHR2-specific ligand, urocortin 2 (UCN2), shows positive cardiac chronotropic and inotropic effects through 3´,5´-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling in response to CRHR2-mediated Gαs activation in mice and humans. Central administration of the CRH family of peptides increases mean arterial pressure through CRHR1 activation, whereas peripheral administration of the peptides decreases mean arterial pressure through CRHR2 activation. These observations have led to further investigations of CRHR2 as an important and unique GPCR in the physiological and pathological functioning of the cardiovascular (CV) system. Moreover, recent clinical trials demonstrate CRHR2 as a potentially therapeutic target in the treatment of heart failure. We present recent reviews of the role of CRHRs in basic CV physiology and in the pathophysiology of CV diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikito Takefuji
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine
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15
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Tamargo J, Caballero R, Delpón E. New drugs in preclinical and early stage clinical development in the treatment of heart failure. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 28:51-71. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1551357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tamargo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, CIBERCV, Madrid,
Spain
| | - Ricardo Caballero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, CIBERCV, Madrid,
Spain
| | - Eva Delpón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, CIBERCV, Madrid,
Spain
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16
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Giamouridis D, Gao MH, Lai NC, Tan Z, Kim YC, Guo T, Miyanohara A, Blankesteijn MW, Biessen EAL, Hammond HK. Urocortin 3 Gene Transfer Increases Function of the Failing Murine Heart. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 30:10-20. [PMID: 30003813 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2018.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide infusions of peptides the corticotropin releasing factor family, including urocortin 2, stresscopin, and urocortin 3 (UCn3), have favorable acute effects in clinical heart failure (HF), but their short half-lives make them unsuitable for chronic therapy. This study asked whether UCn3 gene transfer, which provides sustained elevation of plasma UCn3 levels, increases the function of the failing heart. HF was induced by transmural left ventricular (LV) cryoinjury in mice. LV function was assessed 3 weeks later by echocardiography. Those with ejection fractions (EF) <40% received intravenous saline or intravenous adeno-associated virus type-8 encoding murine UCn3 (AAV8.mUCn3; 1.9 × 1013 genome copies/kg). Five weeks after randomization, repeat echocardiography, assessment of LV function (+dP/dt, -dP/dt), and quantification of Ca2+ transients and sarcomere shortening in isolated cardiac myocytes were conducted, and assessment of LV Ca2+ handling and stress proteins was performed. Three weeks after myocardial infarction, prior to treatment, EFs were reduced (mean 31%, from 63% in sham-operated animals). Mice randomized to receive UCn3 gene transfer showed increased plasma UCn3 (from 0.1 ± 0.01 ng/mL in the saline group to 5.6 ± 1.1 ng/mL; n = 12 each group; p < 0.0001). Compared to mice that received saline, UCn3 gene transfer was associated with higher values for EF (p = 0.0006); LV +dP/dt (p < 0.0001), and LV -dP/dt (p < 0.0001). Cardiac myocytes from mice that received UCn3 gene transfer showed higher peak Ca2+ transients (p = 0.0005), lower time constant of cytosolic Ca2+ decline (tau, p < 0.0001), and higher rates of sarcomere shortening (+dL/dt, p = 0.03) and lengthening (-dL/dt, p = 0.04). LV samples from mice that received UCn3 gene transfer contained higher levels of SERCA2a (p = 0.0004 vs. HF) and increased amounts of phosphorylated troponin I (p = 0.04 vs. HF). UCn3 gene transfer is associated with improved Ca2+ handling and LV function in mice with HF and reduced EF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimosthenis Giamouridis
- 1 Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mei Hua Gao
- 1 Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - N Chin Lai
- 1 Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zhen Tan
- 1 Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Young Chul Kim
- 1 Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tracy Guo
- 1 Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Atsushi Miyanohara
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthijs W Blankesteijn
- 3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Erik A L Biessen
- 3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,4 Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Kirk Hammond
- 1 Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California; RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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17
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Grisanti LA, Schumacher SM, Tilley DG, Koch WJ. Designer Approaches for G Protein-Coupled Receptor Modulation for Cardiovascular Disease. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:550-562. [PMID: 30175279 PMCID: PMC6115700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The new horizon for cardiac therapy may lie beneath the surface, with the downstream mediators of G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) activity. Targeted approaches have shown that receptor activation may be biased toward signaling through G proteins or through GPCR kinases (GRKs) and β-arrestins, with divergent functional outcomes. In addition to these canonical roles, numerous noncanonical activities of GRKs and β-arrestins have been demonstrated to modulate GPCR signaling at all levels of receptor activation and regulation. Further, research continues to identify novel GRK/effector and β-arrestin/effector complexes with distinct impacts on cardiac function in the normal heart and the diseased heart. Coupled with the identification of once orphan receptors and endogenous ligands with beneficial cardiovascular effects, this expands the repertoire of GPCR targets. Together, this research highlights the potential for focused therapeutic activation of beneficial pathways, with simultaneous exclusion or inhibition of detrimental signaling, and represents a new wave of therapeutic development.
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Key Words
- AR, adrenergic receptor
- AT1R, angiotensin II type 1A receptor
- CRF, corticotropin-releasing factor
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- G protein–coupled receptor kinases
- G protein–coupled receptors
- GPCR, G protein–coupled receptor
- GRK, G protein–coupled receptor kinase
- HF, heart failure
- ICL, intracellular loop
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- SERCA2a, sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase
- SII, [Sar(1), Ile (4), Ile(8)]-angiotensin II
- biased ligands
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel A Grisanti
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Sarah M Schumacher
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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18
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Domínguez-Rodríguez A, Mayoral-Gonzalez I, Avila-Medina J, de Rojas-de Pedro ES, Calderón-Sánchez E, Díaz I, Hmadcha A, Castellano A, Rosado JA, Benitah JP, Gomez AM, Ordoñez A, Smani T. Urocortin-2 Prevents Dysregulation of Ca 2+ Homeostasis and Improves Early Cardiac Remodeling After Ischemia and Reperfusion. Front Physiol 2018; 9:813. [PMID: 30018568 PMCID: PMC6037857 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Urocortin-2 (Ucn-2) is a potent cardioprotector against Ischemia and Reperfusion (I/R) injuries. However, little is known about its role in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) under I/R. Here, we examined whether the addition of Ucn-2 in reperfusion promotes cardioprotection focusing on ([Ca2+]i handling. Methods and Results: Cardiac Wistar rat model of I/R was induced by transient ligation of the left coronary artery and experiments were conducted 1 week after surgery in tissue and adult cardiomyocytes isolated from risk and remote zones. We observed that I/R promoted significant alteration in cardiac contractility as well as an increase in hypertrophy and fibrosis in both zones. The study of confocal [Ca2+]i imaging in adult cardiomyocytes revealed that I/R decreased the amplitude of [Ca2+]i transient and cardiomyocytes contraction in risk and remote zones. Interestingly, intravenous infusion of Ucn-2 before heart’s reperfusion recovered significantly cardiac contractility and prevented fibrosis, but it didn’t affect cardiac hypertrophy. Moreover, Ucn-2 recovered the amplitude of [Ca2+]i transient and modulated the expression of several proteins related to [Ca2+]i homeostasis, such as TRPC5 and Orai1 channels. Using Neonatal Rat Ventricular Myocytes (NRVM) we demonstrated that Ucn-2 blunted I/R-induced Store Operated Ca2+ Entry (SOCE), decreased the expression of TRPC5 and Orai1 as well as their interaction in reperfusion. Conclusion: Our study provides the first evidences demonstrating that Ucn-2 addition at the onset of reperfusion attenuates I/R-induced adverse cardiac remodeling, involving the [Ca2+]i handling and inhibiting the expression and interaction between TRPC5 and Orai1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Domínguez-Rodríguez
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Rocío, University of Seville, CIBERCV, CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Isabel Mayoral-Gonzalez
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Rocío, University of Seville, CIBERCV, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Avila-Medina
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Rocío, University of Seville, CIBERCV, CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Eva S de Rojas-de Pedro
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Rocío, University of Seville, CIBERCV, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Eva Calderón-Sánchez
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Rocío, University of Seville, CIBERCV, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Ignacio Díaz
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Rocío, University of Seville, CIBERCV, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Abdelkrim Hmadcha
- Department of Regeneration and Cell Therapy, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), Junta de Andalucia, University of Pablo de Olavide, University of Seville, CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Castellano
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan A Rosado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jean-Pierre Benitah
- UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Universite Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Ana M Gomez
- UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Universite Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Antonio Ordoñez
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Rocío, University of Seville, CIBERCV, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Tarik Smani
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Rocío, University of Seville, CIBERCV, CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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19
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Teneggi V, Sivakumar N, Chen D, Matter A. Drugs’ development in acute heart failure: what went wrong? Heart Fail Rev 2018; 23:667-691. [DOI: 10.1007/s10741-018-9707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Giamouridis D, Gao MH, Lai NC, Tan Z, Kim YC, Guo T, Miyanohara A, Blankesteijn WM, Biessen E, Hammond HK. Effects of Urocortin 2 Versus Urocortin 3 Gene Transfer on Left Ventricular Function and Glucose Disposal. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:249-264. [PMID: 30062211 PMCID: PMC6059348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UCn2 and UCn3 peptides have recently been infused to treat patients with heart failure (HF) but are limited by their short half-lives. A 1-time intravenous injection of virus vectors encoding UCn2 or UCn3 provided sustained increases in plasma concentrations of the peptides. This was associated with increases in both systolic and diastolic left ventricular (LV) function, mediated by increased LV SERCA2a expression and Ca2+ handling. UCn2, but not UCn3, gene transfer reduced fasting glucose and increased glucose disposal. These findings support UCn2 and UCn3 gene transfer as potential treatments for HF and indicate that UCn2 may be an optimal selection in patients with diabetes and HF.
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Key Words
- AAV, adeno-associated virus
- CO, cardiac output
- CRF, corticotropin-releasing factor
- CRHR, corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor
- CaMKII, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
- EDD, end-diastolic diameter
- EF, ejection fraction
- ESD, end-systolic diameter
- ESPVR, end-systolic pressure-volume relationship
- HF, heart failure
- IP, intraperitoneal
- IV, intravenous
- LV, left ventricle/ventricular
- PKA, protein kinase A
- RYR2, ryanodine receptor 2
- SERCA2a, sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase
- Tau, time constant of left ventricular pressure decline
- UCn2, urocortin 2
- UCn3, urocortin 3
- VCFc, velocity of circumferential fiber shortening corrected for heart rate
- adeno-associated virus
- cAMP, 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- contractile function
- diastolic function
- gc, genome copies
- gene therapy
- insulin sensitivity
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimosthenis Giamouridis
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mei Hua Gao
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - N. Chin Lai
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Zhen Tan
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Young Chul Kim
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Tracy Guo
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Atsushi Miyanohara
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - W. Matthijs Blankesteijn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Biessen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - H. Kirk Hammond
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
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21
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Adão R, Mendes-Ferreira P, Santos-Ribeiro D, Maia-Rocha C, Pimentel LD, Monteiro-Pinto C, Mulvaney EP, Reid HM, Kinsella BT, Potus F, Breuils-Bonnet S, Rademaker MT, Provencher S, Bonnet S, Leite-Moreira AF, Brás-Silva C. Urocortin-2 improves right ventricular function and attenuates pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:1165-1177. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease and treatment options are limited. Urocortin-2 (Ucn-2) has shown promising therapeutic effects in experimental and clinical left ventricular heart failure (HF). Our aim was to analyse the expression of Ucn-2 in human and experimental PAH, and to investigate the effects of human Ucn-2 (hUcn-2) administration in rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH).
Methods and results
Tissue samples were collected from patients with and without PAH and from rats with MCT-induced PH. hUcn-2 (5 μg/kg, bi-daily, i.p., for 10 days) or vehicle was administered to male wistar rats subjected to MCT injection or to pulmonary artery banding (PAB) to induce right ventricular (RV) overload without PAH. Expression of Ucn-2 and its receptor was increased in the RV of patients and rats with PAH. hUcn-2 treatment reduced PAH in MCT rats, resulting in decreased morbidity, improved exercise capacity and attenuated pulmonary arterial and RV remodelling and dysfunction. Additionally, RV gene expression of hypertrophy and failure signalling pathways were attenuated. hUcn-2 treatment also attenuated PAB-induced RV hypertrophy.
Conclusions
Ucn-2 levels are altered in human and experimental PAH. hUcn-2 treatment attenuates PAH and RV dysfunction in MCT-induced PH, has direct anti-remodelling effects on the pressure-overloaded RV, and improves pulmonary vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Adão
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center - UnIC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Mendes-Ferreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center - UnIC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Santos-Ribeiro
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center - UnIC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Maia-Rocha
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center - UnIC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís D Pimentel
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center - UnIC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Monteiro-Pinto
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center - UnIC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eamon P Mulvaney
- UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin,Ireland
| | - Helen M Reid
- UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin,Ireland
| | - B Therese Kinsella
- UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin,Ireland
| | - François Potus
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Sandra Breuils-Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Miriam T Rademaker
- Department of Medicine, Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago-Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Steeve Provencher
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Pulmonary Hypertension Research Group, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Adelino F Leite-Moreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center - UnIC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Brás-Silva
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center - UnIC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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23
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miR-125a, miR-139 and miR-324 contribute to Urocortin protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8898. [PMID: 28827743 PMCID: PMC5566224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Urocortin 1 and 2 (Ucn-1 and Ucn-2) have established protective actions against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injuries. However, little is known about their role in posttranscriptional regulation in the process of cardioprotection. Herein, we investigated whether microRNAs play a role in urocortin-induced cardioprotection. Administration of Ucn-1 and Ucn-2 at the beginning of reperfusion significantly restored cardiac function, as evidenced ex vivo in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts and in vivo in rat subjected to I/R. Experiments using microarray and qRT-PCR determined that the addition of Ucn-1 at reperfusion modulated the expression of several miRNAs with unknown role in cardiac protection. Ucn-1 enhanced the expression of miR-125a-3p, miR-324-3p; meanwhile it decreased miR-139-3p. Similarly, intravenous infusion of Ucn-2 in rat model of I/R mimicked the effect of Ucn-1 on miR-324-3p and miR-139-3p. The effect of Ucn-1 involves the activation of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor-2, Epac2 and ERK1/2. Moreover, the overexpression of miR-125a-3p, miR-324-3p and miR-139-3p promoted dysregulation of genes expression involved in cell death and apoptosis (BRCA1, BIM, STAT2), in cAMP and Ca2+ signaling (PDE4a, CASQ1), in cell stress (NFAT5, XBP1, MAP3K12) and in metabolism (CPT2, FoxO1, MTRF1, TAZ). Altogether, these data unveil a novel role of urocortin in myocardial protection, involving posttranscriptional regulation with miRNAs.
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Identification of novel microRNAs in the sheep heart and their regulation in heart failure. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8250. [PMID: 28811555 PMCID: PMC5557765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Study of microRNA (miRNAs) using sheep models is limited due to lack of miRNA information. We therefore investigated oar-miRNAs and their regulation in an ovine model of heart failure (HF). Left ventricular (LV) tissue was collected from normal (Cont), HF (LV pacing @ ~220bpm for 13-days) and HF-recovery sheep (HF-R, 26-days after pacing cessation). MiRNA expression was profiled using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and miRNA array, and validated by stem-loop qPCR. Detected sequences were mapped against the ovine genome (Oar v4.0) and aligned with known miRNAs (miRBase v21). A total of 36,438,340 raw reads were obtained with a peak distribution of 18-23 nt. Of these, 637 miRNAs were detected by NGS and mapped to the ovine genome. With cut-off at 10 counts, 275 novel miRNAs were identified (with 186 showing 100% alignment and 89 showing 70-99% alignment with human/mouse and/or rat miRNAs, respectively), and 78 known oar-miRNAs. Cardiac-enriched miRNA-1, -133a, -208a/b and -499 were highly expressed in the LV. With HF induction, miRNA-133b-3p, -208b-3p, -125a-5p, -125b-5p, -126-3p, -21-5p, -210-3p, -29a-3p, -320a and -494-3p were significantly up-regulated relative to Cont and tended to return to normal levels following HF-recovery. This study has expanded the sheep miRNA database, and demonstrated HF-induced regulation of miRNAs.
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Tsuda T, Takefuji M, Wettschureck N, Kotani K, Morimoto R, Okumura T, Kaur H, Eguchi S, Sakaguchi T, Ishihama S, Kikuchi R, Unno K, Matsushita K, Ishikawa S, Offermanns S, Murohara T. Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 exacerbates chronic cardiac dysfunction. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1877-1888. [PMID: 28550160 PMCID: PMC5502432 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure remains poor, emphasizing the need to identify additional pathophysiological factors. Tsuda et al. show that Crhr2 activation causes cardiac dysfunction and suggest Crhr2 blockade is a promising therapeutic strategy for chronic heart failure. Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to effectively pump blood and maintain tissue perfusion. Despite numerous therapeutic advancements over previous decades, the prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure remains poor, emphasizing the need to identify additional pathophysiological factors. Here, we show that corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2 (Crhr2) is a G protein–coupled receptor highly expressed in cardiomyocytes and continuous infusion of the Crhr2 agonist, urocortin 2 (Ucn2), reduced left ventricular ejection fraction in mice. Moreover, plasma Ucn2 levels were 7.5-fold higher in patients with heart failure compared to those in healthy controls. Additionally, cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Crhr2 protected mice from pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. Mice treated with a Crhr2 antagonist lost maladaptive 3′-5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)–dependent signaling and did not develop heart failure in response to overload. Collectively, our results indicate that constitutive Crhr2 activation causes cardiac dysfunction and suggests that Crhr2 blockade is a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with chronic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Tsuda
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mikito Takefuji
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nina Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Kazuhiko Kotani
- Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Ryota Morimoto
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Okumura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Harmandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Shunsuke Eguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Teruhiro Sakaguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sohta Ishihama
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kikuchi
- Department of Medical Technique, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Unno
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Matsushita
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shizukiyo Ishikawa
- Center for Community Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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26
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Gao MH, Giamouridis D, Lai NC, Walenta E, Paschoal VA, Kim YC, Miyanohara A, Guo T, Liao M, Liu L, Tan Z, Ciaraldi TP, Schenk S, Bhargava A, Oh DY, Hammond HK. One-time injection of AAV8 encoding urocortin 2 provides long-term resolution of insulin resistance. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e88322. [PMID: 27699250 PMCID: PMC5033760 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.88322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Using mice rendered insulin resistant with high fat diets (HFD), we examined blood glucose levels and insulin resistance after i.v. delivery of an adeno-associated virus type 8 encoding murine urocortin 2 (AAV8.UCn2). A single i.v. injection of AAV8.UCn2-normalized blood glucose and glucose disposal within weeks, an effect that lasted for months. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps showed reduced plasma insulin, increased glucose disposal rates, and increased insulin sensitivity following UCn2 gene transfer. Mice with corticotropin-releasing hormone type 2-receptor deletion that were rendered insulin resistant by HFD showed no improvement in glucose disposal after UCn2 gene transfer, indicating that the effect requires UCn2's cognate receptor. We also demonstrated increased glucose disposal after UCn2 gene transfer in db/db mice, a second model of insulin resistance. UCn2 gene transfer reduced fatty infiltration of the liver in both models of insulin resistance. UCn2 increases Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane in skeletal myotubes in a manner quantitatively similar to insulin, indicating a mechanism through which UCn2 operates to increase insulin sensitivity. UCn2 gene transfer, in a dose-dependent manner, is insulin sensitizing and effective for months after a single injection. These findings suggest a potential long-term therapy for clinical type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hua Gao
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Dimosthenis Giamouridis
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - N. Chin Lai
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Evelyn Walenta
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Young Chul Kim
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Tracy Guo
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Min Liao
- Department of Ob-Gyn and The Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Ob-Gyn and The Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Theodore P. Ciaraldi
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Aditi Bhargava
- Department of Ob-Gyn and The Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Da Young Oh
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
| | - H. Kirk Hammond
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, San Diego, California, USA
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27
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Stirrat CG, Venkatasubramanian S, Pawade T, Mitchell AJ, Shah AS, Lang NN, Newby DE. Cardiovascular effects of urocortin 2 and urocortin 3 in patients with chronic heart failure. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 82:974-82. [PMID: 27275843 PMCID: PMC5026060 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Urocortin 2 and urocortin 3 may play a role in the pathophysiology of heart failure and are emerging therapeutic targets. We aimed to examine the local and systemic cardiovascular effects of urocortin 2 and urocortin 3 in healthy subjects and patients with heart failure. METHODS Patients with heart failure (n = 8) and age and gender-matched healthy subjects (n = 8) underwent bilateral forearm arterial blood flow measurement using forearm venous occlusion plethysmography during intra-arterial infusions of urocortin 2 (3.6-36 pmol min(-1) ), urocortin 3 (360-3600 pmol min(-1) ) and substance P (2-8 pmol min(-1) ). Heart failure patients (n = 9) and healthy subjects (n = 7) underwent non-invasive impedance cardiography during incremental intravenous infusions of sodium nitroprusside (573-5730 pmol kg(-1) min(-1) ), urocortin 2 (36-360 pmol min(-1) ), urocortin 3 (1.2-12 nmol min(-1) ) and saline placebo. RESULTS Urocortin 2, urocortin 3 and substance P induced dose-dependent forearm arterial vasodilatation in both groups (P < 0.05 for both) with no difference in magnitude of vasodilatation between patients and healthy subjects. During systemic intravenous infusions, urocortin 3 increased heart rate and cardiac index and reduced mean arterial pressure and peripheral vascular resistance index in both groups (P < 0.01 for all). Urocortin 2 produced similar responses to urocortin 3, although increases in cardiac index and heart rate were only significant in heart failure (P < 0.05) and healthy subjects (P < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION Urocortins 2 and 3 cause vasodilatation, reduce peripheral vascular resistance and increase cardiac output in both health and disease. These data provide further evidence to suggest that urocortins 2 and 3 continue to hold promise for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin G Stirrat
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Sowmya Venkatasubramanian
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tania Pawade
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew J Mitchell
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anoop S Shah
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ninian N Lang
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David E Newby
- British Heart Foundation/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury is a frequent complication of acute heart failure syndromes, portending an adverse prognosis. Acute cardiorenal syndrome represents a unique form of acute kidney injury specific to acute heart failure syndromes. The pathophysiology of acute cardiorenal syndrome involves renal venous congestion, ineffective forward flow, and impaired renal autoregulation caused by neurohormonal activation. Biomarkers reflecting different aspects of acute cardiorenal syndrome pathophysiology may allow patient phenotyping to inform prognosis and treatment. Adjunctive vasoactive, neurohormonal, and diuretic therapies may relieve congestive symptoms and/or improve renal function, but no single therapy has been proved to reduce mortality in acute cardiorenal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Jentzer
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lakhmir S Chawla
- Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, Washington, DC 20422, USA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, Washington, DC 20422, USA.
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29
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Liew OW, Yandle TG, Chong JPC, Ng YX, Frampton CM, Ng TP, Lam CSP, Richards AM. High-Sensitivity Sandwich ELISA for Plasma NT-proUcn2: Plasma Concentrations and Relationship to Mortality in Heart Failure. Clin Chem 2016; 62:856-65. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2015.252932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Urocortin 2 (Ucn2) has powerful hemodynamic, renal, and neurohormonal actions and likely participates in normal circulatory homeostasis and the compensatory response to heart failure (HF). A validated assay for endogenous circulating Ucn2 would facilitate investigations into Ucn2 physiology and elucidate its derangement and potential as a biomarker in heart disease.
METHOD
We developed a chemiluminescence-based sandwich ELISA to measure plasma N-terminal (NT)-proUcn2 in non-HF patients (control; n = 160) and HF patients with reduced (HFREF; n = 134) and preserved (HFPEF; n = 121) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).
RESULTS
The ELISA had a limit of detection of 8.47 ng/L (1.52 pmol/L) and working range of 23.8–572 ng/L. Intra- and interassay CV and total error were 4.8, 16.2, and 17.7%, respectively. The median (interquartile range) plasma NT-proUcn2 concentration in controls was 112 (86–132) ng/L. HFREF, HFPEF, and all HF plasma concentrations were significantly increased [117 (98–141) ng/L, P = 0.0007; 119 (93–136) ng/L, P = 0.0376, and 119 (97–140) ng/L, P = 0.001] compared with controls but did not differ significantly between HFREF and HFPEF. NT-proUcn2 was modestly related to age (r = 0.264, P = 0.001) and cardiac troponin T (r = 0.258, P = 0.001) but not N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, body mass index, LVEF, or estimated glomerular filtration rate. On multivariate analysis, plasma NT-proUcn2 was independently and inversely related to 2-year mortality in HF.
CONCLUSIONS
The validated ELISA measured human NT-proUcn2 in plasma and showed modest but significant increases in HF patients compared with controls. In HF, the unusual inverse relationship between plasma NT-proUcn2 and 2-year mortality portends potential prognostic value but requires further corroboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oi Wah Liew
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Timothy G Yandle
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Jenny P C Chong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yan Xia Ng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | | | - Tze Pin Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - A Mark Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
- Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
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Abstract
Outcomes for patients with acute heart failure remain suboptimal and treatments principally target improvement of symptoms. To date there has been no therapy approved for acute heart failure shown to improve mortality or readmission risk post-discharge. Serelaxin, a recombinant form of the naturally occurring polypeptide hormone relaxin, has demonstrated promise in preclinical and early clinical trials as a potentially novel therapy for acute heart failure. It is postulated through its anti-fibrotic and vasodilatory effects that this agent can improve outcomes in both the short and long term in these patients. Randomized clinical data has suggested that the medication is safe and well tolerated. However, definitive outcomes data is currently being assessed in a large multi-center trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyaal S Moin
- a Division of Cardiology , Stony Brook University School of Medicine , Stony Brook , NY , USA
| | - Michelle W Bloom
- a Division of Cardiology , Stony Brook University School of Medicine , Stony Brook , NY , USA
| | - Lampros Papadimitriou
- a Division of Cardiology , Stony Brook University School of Medicine , Stony Brook , NY , USA
| | - Javed Butler
- a Division of Cardiology , Stony Brook University School of Medicine , Stony Brook , NY , USA
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31
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Wong LL, Wang J, Liew OW, Richards AM, Chen YT. MicroRNA and Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:502. [PMID: 27058529 PMCID: PMC4848958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) imposes significant economic and public health burdens upon modern society. It is known that disturbances in neurohormonal status play an important role in the pathogenesis of HF. Therapeutics that antagonize selected neurohormonal pathways, specifically the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathetic nervous systems, have significantly improved patient outcomes in HF. Nevertheless, mortality remains high with about 50% of HF patients dying within five years of diagnosis thus mandating ongoing efforts to improve HF management. The discovery of short noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) and our increasing understanding of their functions, has presented potential therapeutic applications in complex diseases, including HF. Results from several genome-wide miRNA studies have identified miRNAs differentially expressed in HF cohorts suggesting their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of HF and their potential as both biomarkers and as therapeutic targets. Unravelling the functional relevance of miRNAs within pathogenic pathways is a major challenge in cardiovascular research. In this article, we provide an overview of the role of miRNAs in the cardiovascular system. We highlight several HF-related miRNAs reported from selected cohorts and review their putative roles in neurohormonal signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Lee Wong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Juan Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Oi Wah Liew
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Arthur Mark Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
- Cardiac Department, National University Health System, Tower Block Level 9, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
- Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8014, New Zealand.
| | - Yei-Tsung Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
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32
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Abstract
Although the period from 1953 to 2001 resulted in the approval of more than 30 medications currently used to treat heart failure (HF), few novel drugs have been approved in the last decade. However, the investigational pipeline for HF medications once again appears promising. In patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), ivabradine and valsartan/sucubitril (LCZ696) were recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Both agents have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and HF hospitalization. In the treatment of acute HF, serelaxin and ularitide are the farthest along in development. Both agents have demonstrated favorable effects on surrogate end points and preliminary data suggest a possible mortality benefit with serelaxin. Consequently, phase 3 trials are ongoing to evaluate the effect of serelaxin and ularitide on clinical outcomes. Given the poor history of recent investigational acute HF drugs that have advanced to phase 3/4 studies, enthusiasm for both serelaxin and ularitide must be tempered until these trials are completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hanigan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert J. DiDomenico
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomic Research, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
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33
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Rademaker MT, Ellmers LJ, Charles CJ, Mark Richards A. Urocortin 2 protects heart and kidney structure and function in an ovine model of acute decompensated heart failure: Comparison with dobutamine. Int J Cardiol 2015; 197:56-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Chan WYW, Charles CJ, Frampton CM, Richards AM, Crozier IG, Troughton RW, Jardine DL. Human muscle sympathetic nerve responses to urocortin-2 in health and stable heart failure. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:888-895. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Y Wandy Chan
- Department of Medicine; Christchurch Heart Institute; University of Otago; Christchurch New Zealand
- Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplant Unit; The Prince Charles Hospital; Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Christopher J Charles
- Department of Medicine; Christchurch Heart Institute; University of Otago; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Christopher M Frampton
- Department of Medicine; Christchurch Heart Institute; University of Otago; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - A Mark Richards
- Department of Medicine; Christchurch Heart Institute; University of Otago; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Ian G Crozier
- Department of Medicine; Christchurch Heart Institute; University of Otago; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Richard W Troughton
- Department of Medicine; Christchurch Heart Institute; University of Otago; Christchurch New Zealand
| | - David L Jardine
- Department of Medicine; Christchurch Heart Institute; University of Otago; Christchurch New Zealand
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35
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Makarewich CA, Troupes CD, Schumacher SM, Gross P, Koch WJ, Crandall DL, Houser SR. Comparative effects of urocortins and stresscopin on cardiac myocyte contractility. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 86:179-86. [PMID: 26231084 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE There is a current need for the development of new therapies for patients with heart failure. OBJECTIVE We test the effects of members of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of peptides on myocyte contractility to validate them as potential heart failure therapeutics. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult feline left ventricular myocytes (AFMs) were isolated and contractility was assessed in the presence and absence of CRF peptides Urocortin 2 (UCN2), Urocortin 3 (UCN3), Stresscopin (SCP), and the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (Iso). An increase in fractional shortening and peak Ca(2+) transient amplitude was seen in the presence of all CRF peptides. A decrease in Ca(2+) decay rate (Tau) was also observed at all concentrations tested. cAMP generation was measured by ELISA in isolated AFMs in response to the CRF peptides and Iso and significant production was seen at all concentrations and time points tested. CONCLUSIONS The CRF family of peptides effectively increases cardiac contractility and should be evaluated as potential novel therapeutics for heart failure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Makarewich
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Constantine D Troupes
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Sarah M Schumacher
- Center for Translational Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Polina Gross
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - David L Crandall
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19044, USA
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Yang LZ, Zhu YC. Urocortin2 prolongs action potential duration and modulates potassium currents in guinea pig myocytes and HEK293 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 758:97-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lai NC, Gao MH, Giamouridis D, Suarez J, Miyanohara A, Parikh J, Hightower S, Guo T, Dillmann W, Kim YC, Diaz-Juarez J, Hammond HK. Intravenous AAV8 Encoding Urocortin-2 Increases Function of the Failing Heart in Mice. Hum Gene Ther 2015; 26:347-56. [PMID: 25760560 PMCID: PMC4492611 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2014.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Urocortin-2 (UCn2) peptide infusion increases cardiac function in patients with heart failure, but chronic peptide infusion is cumbersome, is costly, and provides only short-term benefits. Gene transfer would circumvent these shortcomings. We previously showed that a single intravenous (IV) injection of AAV8.UCn2 increases plasma UCn2 and left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function for at least 7 months in normal mice. Here we test the hypothesis that IV delivery of AAV8.UCn2 increases function of the failing heart. Myocardial infarction (MI, by coronary ligation) was used to induce heart failure, which was assessed by echocardiography 3 weeks after MI. Mice with LV ejection fraction (EF) <25% received IV delivery of AAV8.UCn2 (5×1011 gc) or saline, and 5 weeks later echocardiography showed increased LV EF in mice that received UCn2 gene transfer (p=0.01). In vivo physiological studies showed a 2-fold increase in peak rate of LV pressure development (LV +dP/dt; p<0.0001) and a 1.6-fold increase in peak rate of LV pressure decay (LV −dP/dt; p=0.0007), indicating increased LV systolic and diastolic function in treated mice. UCn2 gene transfer was associated with increased peak systolic Ca2+ transient amplitude and rate of Ca2+ decline and increased SERCA2a expression. In addition, UCn2 gene transfer reduced Thr286 phosphorylation of Cam kinase II, and increased expression of cardiac myosin light chain kinase, findings that would be anticipated to increase function of the failing heart. We conclude that a single IV injection of AAV8.UCn2 increases function of the failing heart. The simplicity of IV injection of a vector encoding a gene with beneficial paracrine effects to increase cardiac function is an attractive potential clinical strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chin Lai
- 1 VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, CA 92161.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Mei Hua Gao
- 1 VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, CA 92161.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Dimosthenis Giamouridis
- 1 VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, CA 92161.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Jorge Suarez
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Atsushi Miyanohara
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Jay Parikh
- 1 VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, CA 92161.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Stephen Hightower
- 1 VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, CA 92161.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Tracy Guo
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Wolfgang Dillmann
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Young-Chul Kim
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Julieta Diaz-Juarez
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
| | - H Kirk Hammond
- 1 VA San Diego Healthcare System , San Diego, CA 92161.,2 Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , San Diego, CA 92161
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Adão R, Santos-Ribeiro D, Rademaker MT, Leite-Moreira AF, Brás-Silva C. Urocortin 2 in cardiovascular health and disease. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:906-14. [PMID: 25748088 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Urocortin (Ucn)-2 - corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 signaling has favorable effects in the cardiovascular system, including coronary vasodilatation, with increased coronary blood flow and conductance and augmented cardiac contractility and output, as well as protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Indeed, several animal studies have confirmed the salutary therapeutic effects of Ucn-2 in chronic heart failure, with improvements in cardiac performance and animal survival. In addition, recent clinical trials have demonstrated the benefits of Ucn-2 in patients with stable chronic heart failure on optimal medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Adão
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto 4200-319, Portugal
| | - Diana Santos-Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto 4200-319, Portugal
| | - Miriam T Rademaker
- Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Adelino F Leite-Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto 4200-319, Portugal
| | - Carmen Brás-Silva
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, Porto 4200-319, Portugal; Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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