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Qin J, Fang J, Gao F, He Y, Su M, Zhang Y, Yang M. Oriented bio-feeding control of the anaerobic biodegradation of ethinyl estradiol. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137007. [PMID: 36330982 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Up to 95% of hormones are excreted into domestic wastewater with urine or feces, but their macromolecules are difficult to biodegrade. This project studies the treatment of Ethinyl Estradiol (EE2) in swine wastewater in an Upstream Solids Reactor (USR), and explores a new method for oriented bio-feeding to regulate the anaerobic biodegradation process. It was found that the metabolism of lactic acid and propionic acid was accompanied by changes in EE2 content, but lactic acid molecules were not readily bioavailable, so adding propionic acid was more suitable. However, controlling the pH to lower (4.73) and higher (8.73) values inhibited further fermentation of acetic acid and propionic acid, which was not favorable for the removal of EE2. This is simply due to the fact that propionic acid as a carbon source changes the preference of the microbes for consuming EE2. The order of the effect of addition of propionic acid on the removal of EE2 was as follows: P400>P800>P0>P200 (addition of propionic acid). The P400 removal efficiency increased from 60% to 85%. In the metabolism of EE2, after oxidation, hydrolysis, ketosis, hydroxylation and enzymatic action, dienoic acid and oleic acid were generated, and there was no secondary pollution from EE2 metabolites. In conclusion, feeding microorganisms with propionic acid can enhance the anaerobic biodegradation of EE2, providing a new strategy for the anaerobic biodegradation and bioremediation of refractory pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Qin
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Jiao Fang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Fei Gao
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, PR China
| | - Yiwen He
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, PR China
| | - Ming Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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2
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Simultaneous determination of citalopram and selegiline using an efficient electrochemical sensor based on ZIF-8 decorated with RGO and g-C3N4 in real samples. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1203:339662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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3
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Shin I, Choi H, Kang S, Kim J, Park Y, Yang W. Detection of l-Methamphetamine and l-Amphetamine as Selegiline Metabolites. J Anal Toxicol 2021; 45:99-104. [PMID: 32476010 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selegiline (SE) is a selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor, used for reducing symptoms in early-stage Parkinson's disease. The metabolites of SE include l-methamphetamine, l-amphetamine and desmethylselegiline (DSE). The stereoisomers of SE metabolites, d-methamphetamine and d-amphetamine are highly addictive psychostimulants and some of the most abused drugs in South Korea. In order to differentiate medical SE users form illicit methamphetamine abusers, it is important to distinguish between the l-isomers and d-isomers in urine samples. A 52-year-old male, seemingly under the influence of intoxication and demonstrating abnormal behavior, was reported to the police. The initial urine test using a methamphetamine detection kit demonstrated a positive result. Given the initial results, the police officer requested a further analysis of the urine sample. The urine sample was screened using headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Both methamphetamine and amphetamine were detected, in addition to SE and DSE. To quantitate methamphetamine and amphetamine by HS-SPME-GC-MS, we performed a standard addition method due to the matrix effect of the case sample. Consistent with previous studies, our results indicated that the ratio of amphetamine to methamphetamine was 0.27, which was in the range of SE ingestion. Furthermore, we confirmed l-methamphetamine and l-amphetamine by chiral derivatization using (R)-(-)-α-methoxy-α-(trifluoromethyl) phenylacetyl chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilchung Shin
- Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Jiyangro 139, Yangchungu, Seoul 08036, South Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Choi
- Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Jiyangro 139, Yangchungu, Seoul 08036, South Korea
| | - Seojin Kang
- Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Jiyangro 139, Yangchungu, Seoul 08036, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Jiyangro 139, Yangchungu, Seoul 08036, South Korea
| | - Yuran Park
- Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Jiyangro 139, Yangchungu, Seoul 08036, South Korea
| | - Wonkyung Yang
- Seoul Institute, National Forensic Service, Jiyangro 139, Yangchungu, Seoul 08036, South Korea
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Liu H, Chen F, Wang B, Wang H, Jin S, Yang Z, Chen Y, Quan Y, Xiang X. A Sensitive HPLC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of Selegiline in Beagle Dog Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190823102223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective:
To develop a reliable and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographytandem
mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of selegiline in Beagle dog
plasma and apply the validated method to study the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of oral selegiline
lyophilizate in Beagle dogs.
Methods:
Following alkalization with 1 M sodium hydroxide solution, selegiline and the Internal
Standard (IS) zolmitriptan were extracted using tert-butyl methyl ether and separated on a CAPCELL
PAK C18 column under isocratic conditions. They were detected by MS/MS using electrospray ionization
(ESI) in the positive mode. Quantification was performed using multiple reaction monitoring
(MRM) with transitions of m/z 188.05→90.9 for selegiline and m/z 288.05→57.95 for IS.
Results:
Calibration curves were constructed in the concentration range of 0.2–200 ng/mL with a lower
limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.21 ng/mL. The matrix effect of dog plasma on the selegiline signal
ranged from 98.8 to 105.6%, and the mean extraction recovery ranged from 79.0% to 81.4% at concentrations
of 1.04, 20.8, and 166 ng/mL. The intra-day precision was lower than 6.86% and the inter-day
precisions were lower than 4.63%.
Conclusion:
The validation results demonstrated the reliability of this bioanalytical method, which was
successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of 1.25 mg of orally administered
selegiline lyophilizate in Beagle dogs. The pharmacokinetic results were also compared with
those obtained following intragastric (i.g.) and intravenous (i.v.) administration. Buccal delivery of
selegiline was found to significantly increase its bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Liu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Chen
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Wang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Jin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yusheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjun Quan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Xiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Saka C. An Overview of Analytical Methods for the Determination of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Fluids. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2016; 47:1-23. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2014.964835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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6
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Khataee A, Lotfi R, Hasanzadeh A, Iranifam M, Zarei M, Joo SW. Comparison of two methods for selegiline determination: A flow-injection chemiluminescence method using cadmium sulfide quantum dots and corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 153:273-280. [PMID: 26318702 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two analytical approaches including chemiluminescence (CL) and corona discharge ionization ion mobility spectrometry (CD-IMS) were developed for sensitive determination of selegiline (SG). We found that the CL intensity of the KMnO4-Na2S2O3 CL system was significantly enhanced in the presence of L-cysteine capped CdS quantum dots (QDs). A possible CL mechanism for this CL reaction is proposed. In the presence of SG, the enhanced CL system was inhibited. Based on this inhibition, a simple and sensitive flow-injection CL method was proposed for the determination of SG. Under optimum experimental conditions, the decreased CL intensity was proportional to SG concentration in the range of 0.01 to 30.0 mg L(-1). The detection limit (3σ) was 0.004 mg L(-1). Also, SG was determined using CD-IMS, and under optimum conditions of CD-IMS, calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.15 to 42.0 mg L(-1), with a detection limit (3σ) of 0.03 mg L(-1). The precision of the two methods was calculated by analyzing samples containing 5.0 mg L(-1) of SG (n=11). The relative standard deviations (RSDs%) of the flow-injection CL and CD-IMS methods are 2.17% and 3.83%, respectively. The proposed CL system exhibits a higher sensitivity and precision than the CD-IMS method for the determination of SG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Roya Lotfi
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aliyeh Hasanzadeh
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mortaza Iranifam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, 55181-83111 Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Zarei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sang Woo Joo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 712-749 Gyeongsan, South Korea.
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Tekes K, Pöstényi Z, Faigl EB, Magyar K, Polyák A, Trencsényi G, Balogh L, Kalász H. Distribution of N-methyl-(14)C-labeled selegiline in the rat. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 111:147-52. [PMID: 25886391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Tissue distribution of selegiline including N-methyl-(14)C-selegiline was studied with three different techniques. Whole body autoradiography of labeled selegiline in rats completed the former results obtained in mice. Counting radioactivity by liquid scintillation method in various body compartments gave an in-depth numerical estimation of distribution, while RP-HPLC determination of selegiline determined the fate of intact, non-metabolized parent compound. Whole body autoradiography following 15 and 60 min of intraperitoneal application of N-methyl-(14)C-selegiline verified definite and time-dependent blood-brain penetration of selegiline. Quantitative determination of tissue concentrations by liquid scintillation and RP-HPLC methods following 5, 15, 60 and 180 min of intraperitoneal administration of selegiline unanimously verified both blood-brain and blood-testis penetration of the compound through the barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornélia Tekes
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zita Pöstényi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygenie, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet B Faigl
- Laboratory of Synthesis, Institute of Isotopes, Co., Ltd. Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Magyar
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - György Trencsényi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lajos Balogh
- National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygenie, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Huba Kalász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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8
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Boyacı E, Rodríguez-Lafuente Á, Gorynski K, Mirnaghi F, Souza-Silva ÉA, Hein D, Pawliszyn J. Sample preparation with solid phase microextraction and exhaustive extraction approaches: Comparison for challenging cases. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 873:14-30. [PMID: 25911426 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In chemical analysis, sample preparation is frequently considered the bottleneck of the entire analytical method. The success of the final method strongly depends on understanding the entire process of analysis of a particular type of analyte in a sample, namely: the physicochemical properties of the analytes (solubility, volatility, polarity etc.), the environmental conditions, and the matrix components of the sample. Various sample preparation strategies have been developed based on exhaustive or non-exhaustive extraction of analytes from matrices. Undoubtedly, amongst all sample preparation approaches, liquid extraction, including liquid-liquid (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE), are the most well-known, widely used, and commonly accepted methods by many international organizations and accredited laboratories. Both methods are well documented and there are many well defined procedures, which make them, at first sight, the methods of choice. However, many challenging tasks, such as complex matrix applications, on-site and in vivo applications, and determination of matrix-bound and free concentrations of analytes, are not easily attainable with these classical approaches for sample preparation. In the last two decades, the introduction of solid phase microextraction (SPME) has brought significant progress in the sample preparation area by facilitating on-site and in vivo applications, time weighted average (TWA) and instantaneous concentration determinations. Recently introduced matrix compatible coatings for SPME facilitate direct extraction from complex matrices and fill the gap in direct sampling from challenging matrices. Following introduction of SPME, numerous other microextraction approaches evolved to address limitations of the above mentioned techniques. There is not a single method that can be considered as a universal solution for sample preparation. This review aims to show the main advantages and limitations of the above mentioned sample preparation approaches and the applicability and capability of each technique for challenging cases such as complex matrices, on-site applications and automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezel Boyacı
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ángel Rodríguez-Lafuente
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Krzysztof Gorynski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Fatemeh Mirnaghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Emergency Science and Technology Section, Environment Canada, 335 River Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Érica A Souza-Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dietmar Hein
- Professional Analytical System (PAS) Technology, Magdala, Germany
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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9
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Abstract
Since the complexity origin of biological samples, the research trends have been directed to the development of new miniaturized sample preparation techniques. This review provides a comprehensive survey of past and present microextraction methods followed by GC analysis for preconcentration and determination of various analytes in urine samples. These techniques have been classified in three general groups, including liquid-, solid- and membrane-based techniques. The principal of different microextraction methods that are located in each general group as well as their various extraction modes and the recent developments introduced for them has been presented. Subsequently, a comparison survey has been carried out among different microextraction techniques and finally a future perspective has been predicted based on the existing literature.
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10
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Mariotti KDC, Schuh RS, Ferranti P, Ortiz RS, Souza DZ, Pechansky F, Froehlich PE, Limberger RP. Simultaneous analysis of amphetamine-type stimulants in plasma by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 2014; 38:432-7. [PMID: 25038769 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bku063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brazil is considered one of the countries with the highest number of amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) users worldwide, mainly diethylpropion (DIE) and fenproporex (FEN). The use of ATS is mostly linked to diverted prescription stimulants and this misuse is widely associated with (ab)use by drivers. A validated method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of amphetamine (AMP), DIE and FEN in plasma samples employing direct immersion-solid-phase microextraction, and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis. Trichloroacetic acid 10% was used for plasma deproteinization. In situ derivatization with propylchloroformate was employed. The linear range of the method covered from 5.0 to 100 ng/mL. The detection limits were 1.0 (AMP), 1.5 (DIE) and 2.0 ng/mL (FEN). The accuracy assessment of the control samples was within 85.58-108.33% of the target plasma concentrations. Recoveries ranged from 46.35 to 84.46% and precision was <15% of the value of relative standard deviation. This method is appropriate for screening and confirmation in plasma forensic toxicology analyses of these basic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiane de Cássia Mariotti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Análises e Pesquisas Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2752 Ipiranga Avenue, Santana, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Roselena S Schuh
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Análises e Pesquisas Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2752 Ipiranga Avenue, Santana, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Priscila Ferranti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Análises e Pesquisas Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2752 Ipiranga Avenue, Santana, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Ortiz
- Setor Técnico-Científico, Superintendência Regional do Departamento de Polícia Federal no Rio Grande do Sul, 1365 Ipiranga Avenue, Azenha, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90160-093, Brazil
| | - Daniele Z Souza
- Setor Técnico-Científico, Superintendência Regional do Departamento de Polícia Federal no Rio Grande do Sul, 1365 Ipiranga Avenue, Azenha, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90160-093, Brazil
| | - Flavio Pechansky
- Centro de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas (CPAD), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2350, Ramiro Barcelos Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Pedro E Froehlich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Análises e Pesquisas Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2752 Ipiranga Avenue, Santana, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Renata P Limberger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Análises e Pesquisas Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2752 Ipiranga Avenue, Santana, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90610-000, Brazil
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Silva C, Cavaco C, Perestrelo R, Pereira J, Câmara JS. Microextraction by Packed Sorbent (MEPS) and Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) as Sample Preparation Procedures for the Metabolomic Profiling of Urine. Metabolites 2014; 4:71-97. [PMID: 24958388 PMCID: PMC4018671 DOI: 10.3390/metabo4010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, sample preparation was unrecognized as a critical issue in the analytical methodology, thus limiting the performance that could be achieved. However, the improvement of microextraction techniques, particularly microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME), completely modified this scenario by introducing unprecedented control over this process. Urine is a biological fluid that is very interesting for metabolomics studies, allowing human health and disease characterization in a minimally invasive form. In this manuscript, we will critically review the most relevant and promising works in this field, highlighting how the metabolomic profiling of urine can be an extremely valuable tool for the early diagnosis of highly prevalent diseases, such as cardiovascular, oncologic and neurodegenerative ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Silva
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, Funchal 9000-390, Portugal.
| | - Carina Cavaco
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, Funchal 9000-390, Portugal.
| | - Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, Funchal 9000-390, Portugal.
| | - Jorge Pereira
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, Funchal 9000-390, Portugal.
| | - José S Câmara
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, Funchal 9000-390, Portugal.
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Pereira J, Silva CL, Perestrelo R, Gonçalves J, Alves V, Câmara JS. Re-exploring the high-throughput potential of microextraction techniques, SPME and MEPS, as powerful strategies for medical diagnostic purposes. Innovative approaches, recent applications and future trends. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:2101-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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14
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Kataoka H, Saito K. Recent advances in SPME techniques in biomedical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 54:926-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Simultaneous analysis of fourteen tertiary amine stimulants in human urine for doping control purposes by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 657:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 09/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Recent developments and applications of microextraction techniques in drug analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 396:339-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Analytical methods used in conjunction with solid-phase microextraction: a review of recent bioanalytical applications. Bioanalysis 2009; 1:1081-102. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.09.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration of sampling and sample preparation with various analytical instruments is a highly desirable feature for any analytical method. This is most conveniently achieved by using microextraction techniques or various microdevices. Among these techniques, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is particularly remarkable due to its simplicity and effectiveness. This review discusses the most recent applications of SPME in bioanalysis, grouped according to the analytical instrument that SPME is coupled to. It is shown that one of the most important aspects of such analytical methods is the ability of SPME to perform direct and selective extraction of analytes from complex biological samples. By far, the most popular method continues to be SPME coupled to GC. Nevertheless, the last 2 years have witnessed significant advances in other areas, such as successful automation of SPME coupled to liquid chromatography and the development of new coatings suitable for direct extraction from biological samples. Furthermore, a few bioanalytical applications based on direct coupling of SPME to MS, ion mobility spectrometry, CE and analytical chemiluminescence have been reported.
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Xu M, Terry AV, Bartlett MG. Determination of diisopropylfluorophosphate in rat plasma and brain tissue by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:3069-3075. [PMID: 18767024 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and rapid method for the determination of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) in rat plasma and brain tissue using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is presented. A 65 microm polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber was selected for sampling. The main parameters affecting the SPME process such as extraction and desorption temperature, extraction and desorption time, salt addition, and fiber preheating time were optimized in each matrix to enhance the extraction efficiency of the method. The lower limits of quantitation for DFP in plasma and brain tissue were 1 ng/mL and 3 ng/g, respectively. The method showed good linearity over the range from 1-100 ng/mL in plasma and 3-300 ng/g in brain tissue with correlation coefficient (R(2)) values higher than 0.995. The precision and accuracy for intra-day and inter-day were less than 10%. The relative recoveries in plasma and brain for DFP were greater than 50%. Stability tests including autosampler and freeze and thaw were also investigated. This validated method was successfully applied to study the neurobehavioral effects of low-level organophosphate exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2352, USA
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Validated LC–MS/MS method for quantitative determination of rasagiline in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2008; 873:203-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2008] [Revised: 08/24/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Pragst F. Application of solid-phase microextraction in analytical toxicology. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 388:1393-414. [PMID: 17476482 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a miniaturized and solvent-free sample preparation technique for chromatographic-spectrometric analysis by which the analytes are extracted from a gaseous or liquid sample by absorption in, or adsorption on, a thin polymer coating fixed to the solid surface of a fiber, inside an injection needle or inside a capillary. In this paper, the present state of practical performance and of applications of SPME to the analysis of blood, urine, oral fluid and hair in clinical and forensic toxicology is reviewed. The commercial coatings for fibers or needles have not essentially changed for many years, but there are interesting laboratory developments, such as conductive polypyrrole coatings for electrochemically controlled SPME of anions or cations and coatings with restricted-access properties for direct extraction from whole blood or immunoaffinity SPME. In-tube SPME uses segments of commercial gas chromatography (GC) capillaries for highly efficient extraction by repeated aspiration-ejection cycles of the liquid sample. It can be easily automated in combination with liquid chromatography but, as it is very sensitive to capillary plugging, it requires completely homogeneous liquid samples. In contrast, fiber-based SPME has not yet been performed automatically in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography. The headspace extractions on fibers or needles (solid-phase dynamic extraction) combined with GC methods are the most advantageous versions of SPME because of very pure extracts and the availability of automatic samplers. Surprisingly, substances with quite high boiling points, such as tricyclic antidepressants or phenothiazines, can be measured by headspace SPME from aqueous samples. The applicability and sensitivity of SPME was essentially extended by in-sample or on-fiber derivatization. The different modes of SPME were applied to analysis of solvents and inhalation narcotics, amphetamines, cocaine and metabolites, cannabinoids, methadone and other opioids, fatty acid ethyl esters as alcohol markers, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, benzodiazepines, various other therapeutic drugs, pesticides, chemical warfare agents, cyanide, sulfide and metal ions. In general, SPME is routinely used in optimized methods for specific analytes. However, it was shown that it also has some capacity for a general screening by direct immersion into urine samples and for pesticides and other semivolatile substance in the headspace mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritz Pragst
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Charité, Hittorfstr. 18, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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