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Niyonshuti II, Jayaraj S, Jiang W, Mudalige T. A Robust Chromatographic Method for Drug Release profiling of liposomal doxorubicin HCl. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:2837-2842. [PMID: 38857642 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Liposomes are excellent drug delivery vehicles for chemotherapeutics as they may change the pharmacokinetics of therapeutic compounds, resulting in altered tissues distribution, and in some cases, reduced cytotoxicity and enhanced distribution and efficacy of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) at target tissues. Drug release profiles of liposomal formulations are crucial to support equivalence evaluation and quality control in pre- and post-approval stages. We developed an automated chromatographic method for quantifying the drug release profile of liposomal formulations containing doxorubicin to overcome the shortcomings of currently available methods. The newly developed method employs nanoparticle exclusion chromatography (nPEC), using a monolithic silica column coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone to separate the released drug from liposomal encapsulated drug. We evaluated the effects of pH, temperature, and ammonium formate concentration on the drug release rate. The optimized release buffer consisting of 5 % sucrose, 20 mM l-histidine, and 200 mM ammonium formate was selected for the drug release profiling of five liposomal formulations at 47 °C. The drug release profiles of five liposomal doxorubicin formulations were similar. Our automated method requires very small amounts of the sample and provides release profiles with high sensitivity and accuracy. In addition, this method can be applied to other liposomal products to allow for simple, fast, and accurate analysis of in vitro drug release profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle I Niyonshuti
- Arkansas Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, Office of Regulatory Science, U.S Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Savithra Jayaraj
- Arkansas Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, Office of Regulatory Science, U.S Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Wenlei Jiang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, United States.
| | - Thilak Mudalige
- Arkansas Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, Office of Regulatory Science, U.S Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States.
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2
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Treder N, Szuszczewicz N, Roszkowska A, Olędzka I, Bączek T, Bień E, Krawczyk MA, Plenis A. Magnetic Solid-Phase Microextraction Protocol Based on Didodecyldimethylammonium Bromide-Functionalized Nanoparticles for the Quantification of Epirubicin in Biological Matrices. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041227. [PMID: 37111712 PMCID: PMC10145736 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to epirubicin's (EPI) narrow therapeutic index and risk of cardiotoxicity, it is critical to monitor concentrations of this drug when being used to treat cancer patients. In this study, a simple and fast magnetic solid-phase microextraction (MSPME) protocol for the determination of EPI in plasma and urine samples is developed and tested. Experiments were performed using prepared Fe3O4-based nanoparticles coated with silica and a double-chain surfactant-namely, didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB)-as a magnetic sorbent. All the prepared samples were analyzed via liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection (LC-FL). The validation parameters indicated good linearity in the range of 0.001-1 µg/mL with a correlation coefficient > 0.9996 for plasma samples, and in the range of 0.001-10 µg/mL with a correlation coefficient > 0.9997 for urine samples. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for both matrices were estimated at 0.0005 µg/mL and 0.001 µg/mL, respectively. The analyte recovery after sample pretreatment was 80 ± 5% for the plasma samples and 90 ± 3% for the urine samples. The developed method's applicability for monitoring EPI concentrations was evaluated by employing it to analyze real plasma and urine samples collected from a pediatric cancer patient. The obtained results confirmed the proposed MSPME-based method's usefulness, and enabled the determination of the EPI concentration-time profile in the studied patient. The miniaturization of the sampling procedure, along with the significant reduction in pre-treatment steps, make the proposed protocol a promising alternative to routine approaches to monitoring EPI levels in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Treder
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Natalia Szuszczewicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Roszkowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ilona Olędzka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Bień
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Anna Krawczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alina Plenis
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland
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Sousa DVM, Pereira FV, Boratto VHM, Orlando RM. Multiphase electroextraction as a simple and fast sample preparation alternative for the digital image determination of doxorubicin in saliva. Talanta 2023; 255:124242. [PMID: 36638654 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring chemotherapeutic drugs in biological fluids is, in many cases, extremely important for dose adjustment, the maintenance of therapies, and the control of side effects. In this work, a method for determining the doxorubicin in saliva by digital image analysis (DIA) was optimised and validated. Images from a paper point were obtained using a conventional and cheap flatbed scanner at a 600 ppp resolution. The RGB data channels were obtained from the images in a region of 15 × 15 pixels around the sorbent vertex. The paper point was used as sorbent material in sample preparation using a multiphase electroextraction system. Following optimisation using a Doehlert experimental design, the method was able to simultaneously extract 66 samples in 20 min. The high selectivity of the electric field associated with the sorption capacity of the cellulosic material allowed the chemotherapy drug to be pre-concentrated and quantified in a range between 50 and 500 μg L-1 (R2 > 0.98). The method also exhibited adequate parameters (limits of detection and quantification, recovery, and precision) indicating its potential application in the monitoring of doxorubicin and similar drugs in saliva.
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Khalil SK, Iqbal Z, Niaz N, Iftikhar T. Development and Validation of Reversed-Phase HPLC Method for the Determination of Epirubicin and Its Application to the Pharmacokinetic Study of Epirubicin Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticle Formulations in Rats. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 61:249-255. [PMID: 34875026 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Epirubicin, commonly used as anticancer drug for various types of tumors like breast, liver, lung, stomach, ovaries, and bladder for its improved antitumor efficacy and safety. A rapid, sensitive, and reliable bioanalytical method was developed and validated for epirubicin using conventional reverse phase HPLC with UV detection. The developed method was successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of epirubicin after intravenous administration of a reference epirubicin and its designed nano-formulations to rats. C18 column was used in an isocratic mode for analyte elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with UV detection of 234 nm. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile 22% (channel A) and 0.025% tri fluoro-acetic acid in water (channel B). Ondansetron was added as an internal standard, and the plasma samples were analyzed after protein precipitation. A concentration range of 0.016-1.024 μg/mL was selected for the construction of calibration curves, with LLOQ of 0.016 μg/mL. Results showed that the value of AUC, half-life, and mean residence time of designed nano-formulation were bounce to 10, 9, and 11 times higher, when compared to the reference epirubicin after intravenous dose of 10 mg/kg of epirubicin to rats, respectively. The designed epirubicin nano-formulations achieved clinically significant pharmacokinetic values in rats. Current method will help epirubicin future research using clinical samples and drug bioequivalence studies on various novel formulations for drug safety purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK 25000, Pakistan
| | - Nabeela Niaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK 25000, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Iftikhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KPK 23200, Pakistan
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5
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Designing an "all-in-one" microextraction capsule device for the liquid chromatographic-fluorescence determination of doxorubicin and its metabolites in rat plasma. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1680:463432. [PMID: 36041251 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an "all-in-one" microextraction device was designed and fabricated for the extraction of doxorubicin and its two metabolites from rat plasma prior to their determination by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detector. A sol-gel-based sorbent was synthesized in situ and incorporated within two conjoined porous polypropylene tubes together with a cylindrical magnetic bar in order to avoid the need of an external stirring bar. Among other sorbents investigated, the moderately polar sol-gel poly(tetrahydrofuran) was found to be advantageous due to its high affinity toward the target analytes. Systematic investigation of the critical parameters affecting the adsorption and the desorption step was carried out. Due to the "built-in" filtration mechanism of the porous microextraction capsules, the isolation of the analytes was performed directly in the plasma matrix without any previous sample pretreatment (i.e., protein precipitation, centrifugation, etc.). The proposed method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, sensitivity, and stability according to the FDA guidelines. The limits of detection ranged between 1 - 2 ng mL-1 while the lower limits of quantitation of the analytes were calculated as 10 ng mL-1. The accuracy (% relative error) was found within -9.7 - 15.3% under both intra- and inter-day conditions. The precision was better than 13.4% in all cases. ComplexGAPI index was employed to present the green attributes of the developed protocol from the preparation of the microextraction device to the final determination of the analytes. Finally, the applicability of the fabricated stand-alone extraction device was demonstrated in the analysis of the target analytes in rat plasma after intravenous administration of doxorubicin in order to assess its pharmacokinetic profile.
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Samide A, Tutunaru B, Varut RM, Oprea B, Iordache S. Interactions of Some Chemotherapeutic Agents as Epirubicin, Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel in Multicomponent Systems Based on Orange Essential Oil. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070619. [PMID: 34199041 PMCID: PMC8308819 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to anticipate the effect induced by a natural product on the chemical activity of medicines simultaneously administered, spontaneous interactions of certain cancer treatment drugs such as, epirubicin (EPR), gemcitabine (GCT), and paclitaxel (PTX) with limonene (LIM)—a natural compound extracted from orange peel and known as an anticancer agent—were investigated. To estimate the stability of the drugs over time, a current density of 50 mA cm−2 was applied as an external stimulus between two platinum electrodes immersed in hydrochloric acid solution containing ethyl alcohol/water in the volume ratio of 2/3, in the absence and presence of orange essential oil (limonene concentration of 95%). The concentration variation of chemotherapeutic agents over time was evaluated by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Kinetic studies have shown a delay in the decomposition reaction of epirubicin and gemcitabine and a paclitaxel activity stimulation. Thus, in the presence of limonene, the epirubicin half-life increased from 46.2 min to 63 min, and from 6.2 min to 8.6 min in gemcitabine case, while for paclitaxel a decrease of half-life from 35.9 min to 25.8 min was determined. Therefore, certain drug-limonene interactions took place, leading to the emergence of molecular micro-assemblies impacting decomposition reaction of chemotherapeutics. To predict drug–limonene interactions, the Autodock 4.2.6 system was employed. Thus, two hydrophobic interactions and five π-alkyl interactions were established between EPR-LIM, the GCT-LIM connection involves four π-alkyl interactions, and the PTX-LIM bridges take place through three hydrophobic interactions and the one π-alkyl. Finally, the decomposition reaction mechanism of drugs was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Samide
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, Calea Bucuresti 107i, 200478 Craiova, Romania; (A.S.); (S.I.)
| | - Bogdan Tutunaru
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, Calea Bucuresti 107i, 200478 Craiova, Romania; (A.S.); (S.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-251-597048
| | - Renata-Maria Varut
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Petru Rareş 2, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Oprea
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Petru Rareş 2, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Simona Iordache
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Craiova, Calea Bucuresti 107i, 200478 Craiova, Romania; (A.S.); (S.I.)
- Faculty of Sciences, Doctoral School of Sciences, University of Craiova, A. I. Cuza 13, 200585 Craiova, Romania
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Maliszewska O, Treder N, Olędzka II, Kowalski P, Miękus N, Bączek T, Rodzaj W, Bień E, Krawczyk MA, Plenis A. Sensitive Analysis of Idarubicin in Human Urine and Plasma by Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection: An Application in Drug Monitoring. Molecules 2020; 25:E5799. [PMID: 33316898 PMCID: PMC7764277 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new approach for the sensitive, robust and rapid determination of idarubicin (IDA) in human plasma and urine samples based on liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FL) was developed. Satisfactory chromatographic separation of the analyte after solid-phase extraction (SPE) was performed on a Discovery HS C18 analytical column using a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water as the mobile phase in isocratic mode. IDA and daunorubicin hydrochloride used as an internal standard (I.S.) were monitored at the excitation and emission wavelengths of 487 and 547 nm, respectively. The method was validated according to the FDA and ICH guidelines. The linearity was confirmed in the range of 0.1-50 ng/mL and 0.25-200 ng/mL, while the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.05 and 0.125 ng/mL in plasma and urine samples, respectively. The developed LC-FL method was successfully applied for drug determinations in human plasma and urine after oral administration of IDA at a dose of 10 mg to a patient with highly advanced alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (RMA). Moreover, the potential exposure to IDA present in both fluids for healthcare workers and the caregivers of patients has been evaluated. The present LC-FL method can be a useful tool in pharmacokinetic and clinical investigations, in the monitoring of chemotherapy containing IDA, as well as for sensitive and reliable IDA quantitation in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Maliszewska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (O.M.); (N.T.); (I.O.); (P.K.); (N.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Natalia Treder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (O.M.); (N.T.); (I.O.); (P.K.); (N.M.); (T.B.)
| | - IIona Olędzka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (O.M.); (N.T.); (I.O.); (P.K.); (N.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Piotr Kowalski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (O.M.); (N.T.); (I.O.); (P.K.); (N.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Natalia Miękus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (O.M.); (N.T.); (I.O.); (P.K.); (N.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Tomasz Bączek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (O.M.); (N.T.); (I.O.); (P.K.); (N.M.); (T.B.)
| | - Wojciech Rodzaj
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Ewa Bień
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (E.B.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Anna Krawczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (E.B.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Alina Plenis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland; (O.M.); (N.T.); (I.O.); (P.K.); (N.M.); (T.B.)
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Oliveira MLD, Rocha A, Nardotto GHB, Pippa LF, Simões BP, Lanchote VL. Analysis of daunorubicin and its metabolite daunorubicinol in plasma and urine with application in the evaluation of total, renal and metabolic formation clearances in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113576. [PMID: 32889347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This report presents improved analysis methods of daunorubicin (DAUN) and its metabolite daunorubicinol (DAUNOL) in small volumes of plasma, as total and unbound concentrations, as well as in urine. This study also presents the pharmacokinetics of DAUN and DAUNOL in patients (n = 12) diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia treated with intravenous DAUN (60 mg/m2/day, for three days). Serial blood and urine samples were collected up to 144 h after the beginning of the first infusion. The analytical methods presented no significant matrix effect. The linear ranges were 0.1-1000 ng/mL in plasma, 0.05-40 ng/mL in ultrafiltrate and 0.5-3000 ng/ml in urine. The precision and accuracy presented coefficients of variation and standard errors lower than 15 % in the three matrices. The methods allowed for the quantification of samples up to 144 h after the beginning of the first infusion. Unbound fractions for DAUN and DAUNOL were 23.91 % (17.33-32.99) and 29.23 % (25.84-33.07), respectively. The fraction recovered in urine was 4.40 % (3.87-5.03) for DAUN and 7.91 % (6.86-9.19) for DAUNOL. Total 292.96 L/h (261.74-327.90), renal 13.01 L/h (11.44-14.88), and hepatic 280.26 L/h (248.40-317.91) clearances of DAUN, as well as the DAUNOL formation clearance 23.41 L/h (19.09-28.97), were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Locci de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Rocha
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Glauco Henrique Balthazar Nardotto
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Francisco Pippa
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Belinda Pinto Simões
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Lanchote
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Bioanalysis of doxorubicin aglycone metabolites in human plasma samples-implications for doxorubicin drug monitoring. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18562. [PMID: 33122763 PMCID: PMC7596548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75662-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread clinical use of the cytostatic doxorubicin together with the induction of chronic cardiomyopathy necessitates the conduct of further pharmacokinetic trials. Novel analytical technologies suitable for point-of-care applications can facilitate drug level analyses but might be prone to interferences from structurally similar compounds. Besides the alcohol metabolite doxorubicinol, aglycone metabolites of doxorubicin might affect its determination in plasma. To evaluate their analytical relevance, a validated HPLC method for the quantification of doxorubicin, doxorubicinol and four aglycones was used. The degradation pattern of doxorubicin in plasma under long-term storage was analysed with respect to the formation of aglycone products. In addition, overall 50 clinical samples obtained within the EPOC-MS-001-Doxo trial were analysed. Substantial degradation of doxorubicin in plasma occurred within a storage period of one year, but this did not lead to the formation of aglycones. In clinical samples, 7-deoxydoxorubicinolone was the major aglycone detectable in 35/50 samples and a concentration range of 1.0–12.7 µg L−1. If at all, the other aglycones were only determined in very low concentrations. Therefore, analytical interferences from aglycones seem to be unlikely with the exception of 7-deoxydoxorubicinolone whose concentration accounted for up to 65% of the doxorubicin concentration in the clinical samples analysed.
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Bavlovič Piskáčková H, Øiestad EL, Váňová N, Lengvarská J, Štěrbová-Kovaříková P, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Electromembrane extraction of anthracyclines from plasma: Comparison with conventional extraction techniques. Talanta 2020; 223:121748. [PMID: 33298272 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Electromembrane extraction (EME) of the polar zwitterionic drugs, anthracyclines (ANT, doxorubicin, daunorubicin and its metabolite daunorubicinol), from rabbit plasma was investigated. The optimized EME was compared to conventional sample pretreatment techniques such as protein precipitation (PP) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), mainly in terms of extraction reliability, recovery and matrix effect. In addition, phospholipids profile in the individual extracts was evaluated. The extracted samples were analyzed using UHPLC-MS/MS with electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. The method was validated within the concentration range of 0.25-1000 ng/mL for all tested ANT. Compared with PP and LLE, the EME provided high extraction recovery (more than 80% for all ANT) and excellent sample clean-up (matrix effect were 100 ± 10% with RSD values lower than 4% for all ANT). Furthermore, only negligible amounts of phospholipids were detected in the EME samples. Finally, practical applicability of EME was proved by analysis of plasma samples taken from a pilot in vivo study in rabbits. Consistent results were obtained when using both EME and LLE to extract the plasma prior to the analysis, which further confirmed high reliability of EME. This study clearly showed that EME is a simple, rapid, repeatable technique for extraction of ANT from plasma and it is an up to date alternative to routine conventional extraction techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Bavlovič Piskáčková
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Elisabeth Leere Øiestad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1068 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway; Oslo University Hospital, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Forensic Sciences, P.O. Box 4459 Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nela Váňová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Júlia Lengvarská
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Štěrbová-Kovaříková
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1068 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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A review on various analytical methods for determination of anthracyclines and their metabolites as anti–cancer chemotherapy drugs in different matrices over the last four decades. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Carbon-based ruthenium nanomaterial-based electroanalytical sensors for the detection of anticancer drug Idarubicin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11057. [PMID: 32632278 PMCID: PMC7338395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a novel nanosensing platform was suggested based on ruthenium for the sensitive determination of Idarubicin anticancer drugs. Ruthenium/Vulcan carbon-based nanoparticles were synthesized ultrasonication method and then characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mean particle size of the nanoparticles calculated by the TEM analysis was found to be 1.98 nm ± 0.29 nm, and the Ru nanoparticles were mostly dispersed on the support material. Glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface was modified with Ruthenium/Vulcan carbon-based nanomaterials (Ru@VC), and characterization of the nanosensor was performed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were found as 9.25 × 10–9 M and 2.8 × 10–8 M in buffer samples. To demonstrate the applicability and validity of developed nanosensor, it was used for the determination of Idarubicin in Idamen® IV (10 mg/10 mL vial) and human serum sample. The results of recovery studies showed that the Ru@VC/GCE nanosensor was free from excipient interferences in the dosage forms of injection, and it can be successfully applied to biological samples.
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Treder N, Maliszewska O, Olędzka I, Kowalski P, Miękus N, Bączek T, Bień E, Krawczyk MA, Adamkiewicz-Drożynska E, Plenis A. Development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatographic method with a fluorescence detector for the analysis of epirubicin in human urine and plasma, and its application in drug monitoring. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1136:121910. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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An Nd 3+-Sensitized Upconversion Fluorescent Sensor for Epirubicin Detection. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9121700. [PMID: 31795129 PMCID: PMC6955805 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We describe here an Nd3+-sensitized upconversion fluorescent sensor for epirubicin (EPI) detection in aqueous solutions under 808 nm laser excitation. The upconversion fluorescence of nanoparticles is effectively quenched in the presence of EPI via a fluorescence resonance energy transfer mechanism. The dynamic quenching constant was 2.10 × 104 M−1. Normalized fluorescence intensity increased linearly as the EPI concentration was raised from 0.09 μM to 189.66 μM and the fluorometric detection limit was 0.05 μM. The sensing method was simple, fast, and low-cost and was able to be applied to determine the levels of EPI in urine with spike recoveries from 97.5% to 102.6%. Another important feature of the proposed fluorescent sensor is that it holds a promising potential for in vivo imaging and detection due to its distinctive properties such as weak autofluorescence, low heating effect, and high light penetration depth.
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Zheng N, Wang X, Wang Y, Xu G, Zhang H, Dai W, He B, Zhang Q, Ji J, Wang X. A sensitive liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectroscopy method for simultaneous quantification of a disulfide bond doxorubicin conjugation prodrug and activated doxorubicin: Application to cellular pharmacokinetic and catabolism studies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1065-1066:96-103. [PMID: 28957779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, drug conjugates as a prodrug strategy have been widely studied, especially combined with nanotechnology. Disulfide-linked doxorubicin drug-drug conjugate (DOX-S-S-DOX) nanoparticles, have recently been developed as a doxorubicin prodrug nanoparticles with greater anticancer activity and less toxicity than doxorubicin in vivo, while its intracellular kinetics and metabolism is unclear which may provide us with a deeper understanding of its pharmacological mechanism and antitumor effect. Hence, in this study, a rapid and sensitive ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to detect doxorubicin (DOX) activated from DOX-S-S-DOX, as well as the prodrug itself in human breast cancer tumor cells (MCF-7). Sample preparation involved acetonitrile precipitation to extract the analytes simultaneously and bath sonication to remove intercalated DOX from DNA. The calibration range was 3-60ng/mL for DOX and 20-400ng/mL for DOX-S-S-DOX with the correlation coefficients (r2)≥0.99, using daunorubicin as internal standard (IS). The inter- and intra-assay precision (relative standard deviation, RSD%) of quality control samples was in the acceptable range (<15%) and relative error (RE%) for accuracy was between -5.35 and 9.18% for all analytes. Recovery (59.28-69.53% for DOX-S-S-DOX and 99.13-100.10% for DOX) and matrix effect (99.69-111.19%) was consistent, precise, and reproducible at different quality control levels in accordance with FDA guidance. Stability studies showed that DOX-S-S-DOX was unstable both during the bench-top and long-term storage, while the stability during sample preparation and LC-MS runtime was suitable for all the analytes. Hence, the samples should be prepared as soon as possible at the time point to prevent the catabolism of DOX-S-S-DOX. The assay was successfully used in the cellular metabolism and pharmacokinetics study of DOX-S-S-DOX and it may give a clue to explore analytical methods of other prodrug forms of DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), National Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yaoqi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guobing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), National Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenbing Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bing He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiafu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), National Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China.
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Estimation of Anti-neoplastic Drug Doxorubicin in Bacterial Ghost Matrix by New “Environmentally Benign” RP-HPLC Method: A Step Towards Sustainable Development of Pharmaceutical Industry. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-017-2664-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Analytical ultracentrifugation for analysis of doxorubicin loaded liposomes. Int J Pharm 2017; 523:320-326. [PMID: 28342788 PMCID: PMC5405781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) is a powerful tool for the study of particle size distributions and interactions with high accuracy and resolution. In this work, we show how the analysis of sedimentation velocity data from the AUC can be used to characterize nanocarrier drug delivery systems used in nanomedicine. Nanocarrier size distribution and the ratio of free versus nanoparticle-encapsulated drug in a commercially available liposomal doxorubicin formulation are determined using interference and absorbance based AUC measurements and compared with results generated with conventional techniques. Additionally, the potential of AUC in measuring particle density and the detection of nanocarrier sub-populations is discussed as well. The unique capability of AUC in providing reliable data for size and composition in a single measurement and without complex sample preparation makes this characterization technique a promising tool both in nanomedicine product development and quality control.
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Guichard N, Guillarme D, Bonnabry P, Fleury-Souverain S. Antineoplastic drugs and their analysis: a state of the art review. Analyst 2017; 142:2273-2321. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00367f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We provide an overview of the analytical methods available for the quantification of antineoplastic drugs in pharmaceutical formulations, biological and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Guichard
- Pharmacy
- Geneva University Hospitals (HUG)
- Geneva
- Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Geneva
- University of Lausanne
- Geneva
- Switzerland
| | - Pascal Bonnabry
- Pharmacy
- Geneva University Hospitals (HUG)
- Geneva
- Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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MBUNA J, KANETA T. Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser-induced Fluorescence Detection for Application in Intracellular Investigation of Anthracyclines and Multidrug Resistance Proteins. ANAL SCI 2015; 31:1121-8. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julius MBUNA
- Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Department of Chemistry
| | - Takashi KANETA
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
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Eda Satana Kara H. Redox mechanism of anticancer drug idarubicin and in-situ evaluation of interaction with DNA using an electrochemical biosensor. Bioelectrochemistry 2014; 99:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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In vitro DNA binding studies of anticancer drug idarubicin using spectroscopic techniques. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 138:36-42. [PMID: 24911270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between idarubicin and double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ds-DNA) was investigated by UV-VIS spectrophotometry, fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The absorption spectra of idarubicin with ds-DNA showed a slight red shift and hypochromic effect. In the fluorescence experiments, emission peaks were decreased by adding ds-DNA. Using ethidium bromide (ETB) as a fluorescence probe, fluorescence quenching of the emission peak was observed in the ETB-DNA system when idarubicin was added. Moreover, similar results were obtained in Raman spectroscopy. Binding constants of idarubicin with ds-DNA were determined as 5.14×10(5) M(-1) and 5.8×10(5) M(-1) for UV-VIS spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. The large binding constant indicated that idarubicin has a high affinity with ds-DNA. All the evidences indicated that the binding mode of idarubicin with DNA was an intercalative binding. Furthermore, quantitative determination of idarubicin in pharmaceutical formulation was done.
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Kurbanoglu S, Palabiyik BB, Gumustas M, Şanlı S, Uslu B, Ozkan SA. DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A STABILITY-INDICATING RP-LC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ANTICANCER DRUG EPIRUBICIN IN PHARMACEUTICALS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.803202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sevinc Kurbanoglu
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ankara University , Tandogan , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Burcin Bozal Palabiyik
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ankara University , Tandogan , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gumustas
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ankara University , Tandogan , Ankara , Turkey
- b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts , Hitit University , Corum , Turkey
| | - Senem Şanlı
- c Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts , Usak University , Usak , Turkey
| | - Bengi Uslu
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ankara University , Tandogan , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Sibel A. Ozkan
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ankara University , Tandogan , Ankara , Turkey
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A simple bioanalytical method for the quantification of antiepileptic drugs in dried blood spots. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 923-924:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Shaikh IM, Tan KB, Chiu GNC. SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF DOXORUBICIN AND IRINOTECAN IN CONJUNCTION WITH THEIR MAJOR METABOLITES BY ULTRA HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.678456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishaque M. Shaikh
- a Department of Pharmacy , Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Kuan-Boone Tan
- a Department of Pharmacy , Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Gigi N. C. Chiu
- a Department of Pharmacy , Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore , Singapore
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Simultaneous measurement of doxorubicin and reduced metabolite doxorubicinol by UHPLC–MS/MS in human plasma of HCC patients treated with TACE. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 915-916:71-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Minimization of the preanalytical error in plasma samples for pharmacokinetic analyses and therapeutic drug monitoring--using doxorubicin as an example. Ther Drug Monit 2012; 33:766-71. [PMID: 22105595 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e31823aa8ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are many sources of variability in plasma samples drawn for pharmacokinetic analyses or therapeutic drug monitoring. In this article, methods are proposed on how to prevent sample dilution (Part I) and contamination effects (Part II) in plasma samples, using doxorubicin as an example. METHODS Experiments were performed in the laboratory setting to identify factors that could influence plasma samples in clinical practice. In part I, it was hypothesized that saline solution left in a catheter could lead to a dilution of samples drawn through this catheter. The impact of 2 different sampling techniques, the "discard method" and the "push-pull method", was examined. In part II, an infusion system was filled with a 1 mg/mL solution of doxorubicin. After rinsing the system with increasing volumes of saline solution, the drug concentration of the fluid left in the system was analyzed. Furthermore, plasma samples were drawn through the drug administration catheter, and the contamination of these samples with doxorubicin left in the catheter was measured. RESULTS In part I, a discard volume of plasma equal to 4 dead volumes of the sampling line was necessary to avoid dilution of a sample taken from a port or double-lumen catheter filled with saline solution ("discard method"). Pulling up and down the same volume through the catheter 5 times ("push-pull method") was proved to be an alternative with no need to discard blood. In part II, after rinsing the infusion system with a volume of saline solution corresponding to 4 dead volumes of the system and after discarding a volume of plasma corresponding to 4 sampling line volumes, the doxorubicin contamination in the samples was negligibly small. CONCLUSIONS Under the described conditions, the push-pull method delivered the same results as the discard method to prevent sample dilution. To avoid contamination in plasma samples, development of standardized sampling procedures seems to be essential and feasible.
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Analysis of anticancer drugs: a review. Talanta 2011; 85:2265-89. [PMID: 21962644 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, the number of patients receiving chemotherapy has considerably increased. Given the toxicity of cytotoxic agents to humans (not only for patients but also for healthcare professionals), the development of reliable analytical methods to analyse these compounds became necessary. From the discovery of new substances to patient administration, all pharmaceutical fields are concerned with the analysis of cytotoxic drugs. In this review, the use of methods to analyse cytotoxic agents in various matrices, such as pharmaceutical formulations and biological and environmental samples, is discussed. Thus, an overview of reported analytical methods for the determination of the most commonly used anticancer drugs is given.
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Maudens KE, Stove CP, Lambert WE. Quantitative liquid chromatographic analysis of anthracyclines in biological fluids. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2471-86. [PMID: 21840776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Anthracyclines are amongst the most widely used drugs in oncology, being part of the treatment regimen in most patients receiving systemic chemotherapy. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the sample preparation techniques and chromatographic methods that have been developed during the last two decades for the analysis of the 4 most administered anthracyclines, doxorubicin, epirubicin, daunorubicin and idarubicin in plasma, serum, saliva or urine, within the context of clinical and pharmacokinetic studies or for assessing occupational exposure. Following deproteinization, liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction or a combination of these techniques, the vast majority of methods utilizes reversed-phase C18 stationary phases for liquid chromatographic separation, followed by fluorescence detection, or, more recently, tandem mass spectrometric detection. Some pros and cons of the different techniques are addressed, in addition to potential pitfalls that may be encountered in the analysis of this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof E Maudens
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
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Yang SH, Morgan AA, Nguyen HP, Moore H, Figard BJ, Schug KA. Quantitative determination of bisphenol A from human saliva using bulk derivatization and trap-and-elute liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2011; 30:1243-1251. [PMID: 21337609 DOI: 10.1002/etc.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors cause adverse health effects as a result of their ability to shift the hormonal balance that is essential to the body. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor that has garnered much attention because of its presence in many consumer materials, which generates a significant risk for exposure. A method is presented for rapid detection of oral exposure to BPA directly from human saliva. Saliva was chosen because it serves as a noninvasive sampling route to detect BPA exposure; however, it is one of many complex biological matrices that have traditionally posed problems in quantitative analysis. Such analyses usually require extensive sample preparation to reduce interferences contributed by the sample matrix. Three validated methods are presented here that feature a streamlined sample-preparation strategy (bulk derivatization) prior to accurate and sensitive analysis by trap-and-elute liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Validated methods include standard addition calibration with variable injection volumes and multiple injection loading, as well as with incorporation of an internal standard. Reported limits of detection reached as low as 49.0 pg/ml (2.9 pg loaded on-column; equivalent to parts per trillion in saliva) among the presented methods with good accuracy and precision throughout. A proof-of-concept study is demonstrated to show that the final validated method has potential application to specific studies for trace-level BPA detection from real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel H Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
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Simultaneous determination of cytosine arabinoside, daunorubicin and etoposide in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:1967-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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