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Helali Y, Delporte C. Updates of the current strategies of labeling for N-glycan analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1237:124068. [PMID: 38484674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This mini review summarizes the current methods used for screening N-glycosylation of glycoproteins, with a specific focus on therapeutic proteins and on techniques involving the release of N-glycans. With the continuous development of biopharmaceuticals, particularly monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which are N-glycosylated proteins, monitoring has gained importance in recent decades. Glycosylation of therapeutic glycoproteins is considered a critical quality attribute because it can impact the efficacy and safety of these therapeutic drugs. The protocols and instrumentation have evolved with the advancement of technologies. Nowadays, methods are becoming increasingly robust, rapid, and sensitive. For the release of N-glycans, the most commonly used method is enzymatic release using PNGase F. The latter is discussed in light of the advent of rapid release that is now possible. The strategy for separating N-glycans using either liquid chromatography (LC) with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) chemistry or capillary electrophoresis will be discussed. The selection of the labeling agent is a crucial step in sample preparation for the analysis of released N-glycans. This review also discusses labeling agents that are compatible with and dependent on the separation and detection techniques employed. The emergence of multiplex labeling agents is also summarized. The latter enables the analysis of multiple samples in a single run, but it requires MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Helali
- RD3-Pharmacognosis, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit & Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy (APFP), Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Delporte
- RD3-Pharmacognosis, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit & Analytical Platform of the Faculty of Pharmacy (APFP), Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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2
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Yan XH, Liu XQ, Liang J, Kuang HX, Xia YG. Complete composition analysis of polysaccharides based on HPAEC-PAD coupled with quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:380-390. [PMID: 37886810 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monosaccharide compositions analysis (MCA) is indispensable for structural characterisations and structure-activity relationships of plant polysaccharides. OBJECTIVES To develop a concise and direct MCA method, we established a quantitative analysis of the multi-monosaccharaides by single marker (QAMS) by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed-amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) method. METHODOLOGY A stable and reproducible HPAEC-PAD method for simultaneous determination of aldoses, ketoses and uronic acids (i.e., l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-ribose, l-rhamnose, d-fucose, d-mannose, d-glucose, d-galactose, d-fructose, d-glucuronic acid and d-galacturonic acid) was established by systematic optimisation of stationary phases, column temperatures and elution programmes. On this basis, the QAMS method was proposed through comprehensive investigations of relative correction factor (RCF) variations under different influencing factors, for example, sample concentrations, flow rates, and column temperatures. RESULTS Using rhamnose as an internal reference standard, the contents of the other monosaccharide components in polysaccharides from Panax quinquefolium L. and Achyranthes bidentata Bl. samples were simultaneously determined by QAMS, and there was no significant difference between the results from the QAMS and external standard method (t test, P > 0.520). In addition, a MCA fingerprinting of 30 batches of P. quinquefolium polysaccharide was established by HPAEC-PAD, and six common peaks were assigned and determined. CONCLUSIONS The established HPAEC-PAD-QAMS method was successfully applied to the MCA of polysaccharides from P. quinquefolium and A. bidentata after optimisation of hydrolysis conditions. HPAEC-PAD-QAMS was proposed and established for MCA of plant polysaccharides for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Office of Academic Affairs, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xue-Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yong-Gang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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3
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Yang M, Mei H, Jiang Y, Zhang F, Yu Z, Yang B. Simultaneous chromatographic separation of the anomers of saccharides on a polymer sulfobetaine zwitterionic stationary phase. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300905. [PMID: 38143272 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous chromatographic separation of the anomers of saccharides was achieved by using a polymer zwitterionic stationary phase functionalized by acrylamide-type sulfobetaine. By optimization of separation parameters including column temperature, pH, and flow rate, the column operated in hydrophilic interaction chromatography mode exhibited excellent separation selectivity toward five monosaccharides and their anomers (including ribose, xylose, galactose, glucose, and arabinose) and two disaccharides (lactose and maltose). Baseline separation could be achieved at mild operation conditions such as 20-30°C of column temperature or typical mobile phase composition (85% acetrontrile-15% 20 mM ammonium formate [NH4 FA]) with wide pH tolerance range of 2-8. This offers a rapid way to determine the configuration of α or β anomer of the saccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Haokun Mei
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Feifang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ziteng Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bingcheng Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Liao J, Wang H, Zhou S, Liu Y, Zhao X, Pan Y. α-Cyano-3-aminocinnamic acid: A novel reactive matrix for qualitative and quantitative analysis of plant N-glycans by MALDI-MS. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1283:341970. [PMID: 37977803 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
N-glycans have a diversity of crucial biological roles in organisms. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has become an indispensable analytical instrument for biomolecules. However, due to the inherent low abundance, high structural heterogeneity, and poor ionization efficiency of N-glycans, as well as the extremely inhomogeneous co-crystal property using traditional matrices, the qualitation and quantitation of N-glycans by MALDI-MS remains challenging. In the present study, α-cyano-3-aminocinnamic acid (3-CACA) was reasonably designed and synthesized as a novel reactive matrix for N-glycan analysis. Combining with traditional matrix α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) as an acidic catalyst, a combinational matrix 3-CACA/CHCA was obtained with homogeneous co-crystallization and high derivatization efficiency, achieving the sensitive qualitation with the limits of detection low to femtomole and reproducible quantitation with good linearity (R2 > 0.998). As a result, the established method was successfully applied to the on-target derivatization and high-throughput quantification of N-glycans in eight varieties of the peach complex system, indicating that N-glycan has the potential to become a new biomarker for food allergy, and elucidating the prospective correlation between N-glycan epitopes and allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancong Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Huiwen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Shiwen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Yaqin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China.
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, PR China.
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5
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Zheng Y, Yan J, Cao C, Liu Y, Yu D, Liang X. Application of chromatography in purification and structural analysis of natural polysaccharides: A review. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300368. [PMID: 37480171 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are widely distributed in natural sources from monocytic microorganisms to higher animals, and are found in a variety of biological activities in recent decades. Natural polysaccharides have the characteristics of large molecular weight, diverse composition, and complex structure, so their purification and structural analysis are difficult issues in research. Chromatography as a powerful separation technique, plays an irreplaceable role in the separation and structural analysis of natural polysaccharides, especially in the purification of polysaccharides, the separation of hydrolysates, and the analysis of monosaccharide composition. The separation mechanisms and application of different chromatographic methods in the studies of polysaccharides were summarized in this review. Moreover, the advantages and drawbacks of various chromatography methods were discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Cuiyan Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Dongping Yu
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
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6
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Aredes RS, Peixoto FC, Sphaier LA, Silva VNH, Duarte LM, de Carvalho Marques FF. Determination of carbohydrates in brewer's wort by capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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7
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Li M, Xiong Y, Cao Y, Zhang C, Li Y, Ning H, Liu F, Zhou H, Li X, Ye X, Pang Y, Zhang J, Liang X, Qing G. Identification of tagged glycans with a protein nanopore. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1737. [PMID: 36977665 PMCID: PMC10050315 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural complexity of glycans derived from the diversities in composition, linage, configuration, and branching considerably complicates structural analysis. Nanopore-based single-molecule sensing offers the potential to elucidate glycan structure and even sequence glycan. However, the small molecular size and low charge density of glycans have restricted direct nanopore detection of glycan. Here we show that glycan sensing can be achieved using a wild-type aerolysin nanopore by introducing a facile glycan derivatization strategy. The glycan molecule can induce impressive current blockages when moving through the nanopore after being connected with an aromatic group-containing tag (plus a carrier group for the neutral glycan). The obtained nanopore data permit the identification of glycan regio- and stereoisomers, glycans with variable monosaccharide numbers, and distinct branched glycans, either independently or with the use of machine learning methods. The presented nanopore sensing strategy for glycans paves the way towards nanopore glycan profiling and potentially sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Devices, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Yuting Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Polymer Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Devices, School of Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Yuchen Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Hanwen Ning
- Department of Statistics, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Fan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Han Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Xiaonong Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Xianlong Ye
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, 330000, China.
| | - Guangyan Qing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
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8
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Jeong HN, Kwon RH, Kim Y, Yoo SH, Yoo SM, Wee CD. Gas Chromatography with Flame-Ionization Detection-Based Analysis of Sugar Contents in Korean Agricultural Products for Patients with Galactosemia. Foods 2023; 12:foods12051104. [PMID: 36900622 PMCID: PMC10000368 DOI: 10.3390/foods12051104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with galactosemia accumulate galactose in their bodies, requiring a lifelong galactose-restricted diet. Therefore, accurate information on the galactose content in commercial agro-food resources is essential. The HPLC method generally used for sugar analysis has low separation and detection sensitivity. Here, we sought to establish an accurate analytical method for determining the galactose content in commercial agro-food resources. To that aim, we employed gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection to detect trimethylsilyl-oxime (TMSO) sugar derivatives (concentration: ≤0.1 mg/100 g). The galactose content in 107 Korean agro-food resources reflecting intake patterns was then analyzed. The galactose content in steamed barley rice was 5.6 mg/100 g, which was higher than that in steamed non-glutinous and glutinous rice. Moist-type and dry-type sweet potatoes, blanched zucchini, and steamed Kabocha squash had high galactose content (36.0, 12.8, 23.1, and 61.6 mg/100 g, respectively). Therefore, these foods are detrimental to patients with galactosemia. Among fruits, avocado, blueberry, kiwi, golden kiwifruit, and sweet persimmon had galactose contents of ≥10 mg/100 g. Dried persimmon had 132.1 mg/100 g and should therefore be avoided. Mushrooms, meat, and aquatic products showed low galactose content (≤10 mg/100 g), making them safe. These findings will help patients to manage their dietary galactose intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Neul Jeong
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeong Ha Kwon
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Mi Yoo
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Do Wee
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
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9
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Rosdan Bushra SM, Nurul AA. Bioactive mushroom polysaccharides: The structure, characterization and biological functions. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2023.2182317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Asma Abdullah Nurul
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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10
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Garber JM, Fordwour OB, Zandberg WF. A Rapid Protocol for Preparing 8-Aminopyrene-1,3,6-Trisulfonate-Labeled Glycans for Capillary Electrophoresis-Based Enzyme Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2657:223-239. [PMID: 37149535 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3151-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Purified glycan standards are required for glycan arrays, characterizing substrate specificities of glycan-active enzymes, and to serve as retention-time or mobility standards for various separation techniques. This chapter describes a method for the rapid separation, and subsequent desalting, of glycans labeled with the highly fluorescent fluorophore 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (APTS). By using fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE) on polyacrylamide gels, a technique amenable to equipment readily available in most molecular biology laboratories, many APTS-labeled glycans can be simultaneously resolved. Excising specific gel bands containing the desired APTS-labeled glycans, followed by glycan elution from the gel by simple diffusion and subsequent solid-phase extraction (SPE)-based desalting, affords a single glycan species free of excess labeling reagents and buffer components. The described protocol also offers a simple, rapid method for the simultaneous removal of excess APTS and unlabeled glycan material from reaction mixtures. This chapter describes a FACE/SPE procedure ideal for preparing glycans for capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based enzyme assays, as well as for the purification of rare, commercially unavailable glycans from tissue culture samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene M Garber
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Osei B Fordwour
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Wesley F Zandberg
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
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Lara-Cruz GA, Jaramillo-Botero A. Molecular Level Sucrose Quantification: A Critical Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9511. [PMID: 36502213 PMCID: PMC9740140 DOI: 10.3390/s22239511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose is a primary metabolite in plants, a source of energy, a source of carbon atoms for growth and development, and a regulator of biochemical processes. Most of the traditional analytical chemistry methods for sucrose quantification in plants require sample treatment (with consequent tissue destruction) and complex facilities, that do not allow real-time sucrose quantification at ultra-low concentrations (nM to pM range) under in vivo conditions, limiting our understanding of sucrose roles in plant physiology across different plant tissues and cellular compartments. Some of the above-mentioned problems may be circumvented with the use of bio-compatible ligands for molecular recognition of sucrose. Nevertheless, problems such as the signal-noise ratio, stability, and selectivity are some of the main challenges limiting the use of molecular recognition methods for the in vivo quantification of sucrose. In this review, we provide a critical analysis of the existing analytical chemistry tools, biosensors, and synthetic ligands, for sucrose quantification and discuss the most promising paths to improve upon its limits of detection. Our goal is to highlight the criteria design need for real-time, in vivo, highly sensitive and selective sucrose sensing capabilities to enable further our understanding of living organisms, the development of new plant breeding strategies for increased crop productivity and sustainability, and ultimately to contribute to the overarching need for food security.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andres Jaramillo-Botero
- Omicas Alliance, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali 760031, Colombia
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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12
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Wang C, Gao X, Gong G, Man L, Wei Q, Lan Y, Yang M, Han J, Jin W, Wei M, Huang L, Wang Z. A versatile strategy for high-resolution separation of reducing glycan mixtures as hydrazones by two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1685:463599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Norberg T, Johansson G, Kallin E. Derivatization of sugars with N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine. Efficient RP-HPLC separation of sugar mixtures. Carbohydr Res 2022; 520:108635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Kurzyna-Szklarek M, Cybulska J, Zdunek A. Analysis of the chemical composition of natural carbohydrates - An overview of methods. Food Chem 2022; 394:133466. [PMID: 35716502 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Natural carbohydrates are gaining importance over a wide spectrum of human activity due to their versatile functionalities. The properties of carbohydrates are currently used in many branches of industry and new possibilities of their utilization, like in medicine or materials science, are demonstrated systematically. The attractive properties of carbohydrates result from their chemical structure and ability to form macromolecules and derivatives. Each application of carbohydrate requires a knowledge of their chemical composition, which due to the number and differentiation of monosaccharides and their spatial forms is often challenging. This review presents an overview on sample preparation and the methods used for the determination of the fine chemical structure of natural carbohydrates. Most popular and reliable colorimetric, chromatographic and spectroscopic methods are presented with an emphasis on their pros and cons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justyna Cybulska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
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15
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YUI Y, OTA S, AOYAMA C, TSUNODA M. Purification of 2-Aminobenzamide Labeled Glycans Using Monolithic Solid-phase Extraction Centrifugal Columns. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2022. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.71.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Makoto TSUNODA
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo
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16
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Technical pipeline for screening microbial communities as a function of substrate specificity through fluorescent labelling. Commun Biol 2022; 5:444. [PMID: 35545700 PMCID: PMC9095699 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of specific glycan uptake and metabolism is an effective tool in aiding with the continued unravelling of the complexities in the human gut microbiome. To this aim fluorescent labelling of glycans may provide a powerful route towards this target. Here, we successfully used the fluorescent label 2-aminobenzamide (2-AB) to monitor and study microbial degradation of labelled glycans. Both single strain and co-cultured fermentations of microbes from the common human-gut derived Bacteroides genus, are able to grow when supplemented with 2-AB labelled glycans of different monosaccharide composition, degrees of acetylation and polymerization. Utilizing a multifaceted approach that combines chromatography, mass spectrometry, microscopy and flow cytometry techniques, it is possible to better understand the metabolism of labelled glycans in both supernatants and at a single cell level. We envisage this combination of complementary techniques will help further the understanding of substrate specificity and the role it plays within microbial communities. A reductive amination-based fluorophore labelling of complex wood-derived glycans provides a proof-of-principle multi-modal platform for monitoring glycan uptake by bacteria.
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17
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Grabarics M, Lettow M, Kirschbaum C, Greis K, Manz C, Pagel K. Mass Spectrometry-Based Techniques to Elucidate the Sugar Code. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7840-7908. [PMID: 34491038 PMCID: PMC9052437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cells encode information in the sequence of biopolymers, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and glycans. Although glycans are essential to all living organisms, surprisingly little is known about the "sugar code" and the biological roles of these molecules. The reason glycobiology lags behind its counterparts dealing with nucleic acids and proteins lies in the complexity of carbohydrate structures, which renders their analysis extremely challenging. Building blocks that may differ only in the configuration of a single stereocenter, combined with the vast possibilities to connect monosaccharide units, lead to an immense variety of isomers, which poses a formidable challenge to conventional mass spectrometry. In recent years, however, a combination of innovative ion activation methods, commercialization of ion mobility-mass spectrometry, progress in gas-phase ion spectroscopy, and advances in computational chemistry have led to a revolution in mass spectrometry-based glycan analysis. The present review focuses on the above techniques that expanded the traditional glycomics toolkit and provided spectacular insight into the structure of these fascinating biomolecules. To emphasize the specific challenges associated with them, major classes of mammalian glycans are discussed in separate sections. By doing so, we aim to put the spotlight on the most important element of glycobiology: the glycans themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márkó Grabarics
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Lettow
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carla Kirschbaum
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim Greis
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Manz
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute
of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4−6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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18
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Effect of oximation reagents on gas chromatographic separation of eight different kinds of mono- and di-saccharides. Food Chem 2022; 386:132797. [PMID: 35344725 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of oximation reagents in simultaneous analysis of mono and di-saccharides using gas chromatography. Sugar oximation with O-ethylhydroxylamine separated all the mono- and di-saccharides while hydroxylamine and O-benzylhydroxylamine could make most of the saccharides separable except for xylose and arabinose. Resolution of xylose: arabinose, galactose: glucose, and fructose: galactose oximated by O-ethylhydroxylamine in DB-1ms column were 1.66, 2.15, and 6.19, respectively, which were above 1.5 and were officially acceptable for quantitative analysis according to the AOAC guideline. The applied method was then verified by the method validation parameters; LOD (0.011-0.02 mg/100 g), LOQ (0.032-0.061 mg/100 g), linearity (R2 = 0.9991-1.0000) and precision (repeatability RSD: 1.4-3.3%, reproducibility RSD: 1.7-7.6%). The greatest amounts of xylose (19.03 ± 0.38 mg/100 g), maltose (6,274.48 ± 173.59 mg/100 g) were found in the oyster sauce, and the contents of glucose (10,565.00 ± 125.31 mg/100 g), galactose (170.40 ± 4.62 mg/100 g) were greatest in soybean paste.
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19
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Discovery and Biotechnological Exploitation of Glycoside-Phosphorylases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063043. [PMID: 35328479 PMCID: PMC8950772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Among carbohydrate active enzymes, glycoside phosphorylases (GPs) are valuable catalysts for white biotechnologies, due to their exquisite capacity to efficiently re-modulate oligo- and poly-saccharides, without the need for costly activated sugars as substrates. The reversibility of the phosphorolysis reaction, indeed, makes them attractive tools for glycodiversification. However, discovery of new GP functions is hindered by the difficulty in identifying them in sequence databases, and, rather, relies on extensive and tedious biochemical characterization studies. Nevertheless, recent advances in automated tools have led to major improvements in GP mining, activity predictions, and functional screening. Implementation of GPs into innovative in vitro and in cellulo bioproduction strategies has also made substantial advances. Herein, we propose to discuss the latest developments in the strategies employed to efficiently discover GPs and make the best use of their exceptional catalytic properties for glycoside bioproduction.
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20
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Rodrigues RCLB, Green Rodrigues B, Vieira Canettieri E, Acosta Martinez E, Palladino F, Wisniewski A, Rodrigues D. Comprehensive approach of methods for microstructural analysis and analytical tools in lignocellulosic biomass assessment - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 348:126627. [PMID: 34958907 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The trend in the modern world is to replace fossil fuels with green energy sources in order to reduce their environmental impact. The biorefinery industry, within this premise, needs to establish quantitative and qualitative analytical methods to better understand lignocellulosic biomass composition and structure. This paper presents chemical techniques (chromatography, thermal analysis, HRMS, FTIR, NIR, and NMR) and physicochemical techniques (XRD, optical and electron microscopy techniques - Confocal fluorescence, Raman, SPM, AFM, SEM, and TEM) for the microstructural characterization of lignocellulosic biomass and its derivatives. Each of these tools provides different and complementary information regarding molecular and microstructural composition of lignocellulosic biomass. Understanding these properties is essential for the design and operation of associated biomass conversion processing facilities. PAT, monitored in real-time, ensures an economical and balanced mass-energy process. This review aimed to help researchers select the most suitable analytical technique with which to investigate biomass feedstocks with recalcitrant natures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita C L B Rodrigues
- Departament of Biotechnology, Lorena Engineering School, University of São Paulo (USP),12600-970, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Green Rodrigues
- Departament of Biotechnology, Lorena Engineering School, University of São Paulo (USP),12600-970, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliana Vieira Canettieri
- Chemistry and Energy Department, Guaratinguetá Engineering Faculty, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 12516-410, Guaratinguetá, SP, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Acosta Martinez
- Department of Technology, State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS), 44036-900 Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Palladino
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alberto Wisniewski
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49100-000 São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | - Durval Rodrigues
- Department of Materials Engineering, Lorena Engineering School, University of São Paulo (USP), Lorena, SP, Brazil
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21
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Zhang Q, Wang S, Li Z, Lasanajak Y, Li L, Song X. Regeneration of Free Reducing Glycans from Reductive Amination-Tagged Glycans by Oxone. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3736-3740. [PMID: 35143205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glycans are usually fluorescently tagged by reductive amination for analytic tools. However, free reducing glycan regeneration is sometimes important and necessary for further structural or functional studies. Here, we introduce a new method for efficiently removing fluorescent tags from glycoconjugates by a simple treatment with Oxone. This method is proven to be fast and general after being tested on a series of common saccharides and widely used tags. We successfully achieved N-glycopeptide synthesis by using the regenerated glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Zhonghua Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yi Lasanajak
- Emory Glycomics and Molecular Interactions Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.,Emory Glycomics and Molecular Interactions Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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22
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Development and Validation of HPLC-DAD Method with Pre-Column PMP Derivatization for Monomeric Profile Analysis of Polysaccharides from Agro-Industrial Wastes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030544. [PMID: 35160536 PMCID: PMC8838364 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The instrumental analysis of complex mixtures of sugars often requires derivatization to enhance the method’s selectivity and sensitivity. 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP) is a common sugar derivatization agent used in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Although many C18 column applications for PMP–sugar derivative analysis have been developed, their transferability is not straightforward due to variations in column chemistry and preparation technology. The aim of this study was to develop and validate an application for Zorbax Extend C18 columns for the analysis of 8 neutral and 2 acidic sugars commonly found in plant polysaccharides. The method was further compared to well-established alditol acetates and m-hydroxydiphenyl methods and employed for sugar profiling of selected agro-industrial wastes. The most influential separation factors were the mobile-phase pH and acetonitrile content, optimized at 8.0 and a 12–17% gradient, respectively. The method showed excellent linearity, repeatability and intermediate precision. High sensitivity was achieved, especially for neutral sugars, with an accuracy error range of 5–10% relative standard deviation. The sugar profiling results were highly correlated to the reference method for neutral sugars. The HPLC method was highly applicable for the evaluation of polysaccharides in selected wastes and showed advantages in terms of simplicity, accuracy in acidic sugar determination and suitability for their simultaneous analysis with neutral sugars.
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23
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Development of a Real-Time Pectic Oligosaccharide-Detecting Biosensor Using the Rapid and Flexible Computational Identification of Non-Disruptive Conjugation Sites (CINC) Biosensor Design Platform. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22030948. [PMID: 35161692 PMCID: PMC8839585 DOI: 10.3390/s22030948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescently labeled, solute-binding proteins that change their fluorescent output in response to ligand binding are frequently used as biosensors for a wide range of applications. We have previously developed a "Computational Identification of Non-disruptive Conjugation sites" (CINC) approach, an in silico pipeline utilizing molecular dynamics simulations for the rapid design and construction of novel protein-fluorophore conjugate-type biosensors. Here, we report an improved in silico scoring algorithm for use in CINC and its use in the construction of an oligogalacturonide-detecting biosensor set. Using both 4,5-unsaturated and saturated oligogalacturonides, we demonstrate that signal transmission from the ligand-binding pocket of the starting protein scaffold to the CINC-selected reporter positions is effective for multiple different ligands. The utility of an oligogalacturonide-detecting biosensor is shown in Carbohydrate Active Enzyme (CAZyme) activity assays, where the biosensor is used to follow product release upon polygalacturonic acid (PGA) depolymerization in real time. The oligogalacturonide-detecting biosensor set represents a novel enabling tool integral to our rapidly expanding platform for biosensor-based carbohydrate detection, and moving forward, the CINC pipeline will continue to enable the rational design of biomolecular tools to detect additional chemically distinct oligosaccharides and other solutes.
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24
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Impact of HILIC Amino-Based Column Equilibration Conditions on the Analysis of Chitooligosaccharides. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Nurfikari A, de Boer W. Chitin Determination in Residual Streams Derived From Insect Production by LC-ECD and LC-MS/MS Methods. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.795694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin, a biopolymer present in fungi and arthropods, is a compound of interest for various applications, such as in the agricultural and medical fields. With the recently growing interest in the development of insect farming, the availability of chitin-containing residual streams, particularly the molting skins (exuviae), is expected to increase in the near future. For application purposes, accurate quantification of chitin in these insect sources is essential. Previous studies on chitin extraction and quantification often overlooked the purity of the extracted chitin, making the outcomes inconsistent and prone to overestimation. The present study aims to determine chitin content in the exuviae of three insect species mass-reared worldwide: black soldier fly (BSF), mealworm, and house cricket. Chitin was chemically extracted using acid and alkali treatments to remove minerals and proteins. The purity of extracted chitin was evaluated by hydrolyzing the chitin into glucosamine, followed by quantitative determination of the latter using two liquid chromatography methods: electrochemical detection (ECD) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Both methods proved accurate and precise, without the need for labor-intensive derivatization steps. Pearson's correlation and Bland-Altman plots showed that the glucosamine determination results obtained by the two methods were comparable, and there is no consistent bias of one approach vs. the other. The chitin content in extracted residues ranged between 7.9 and 18.5%, with the highest amount found in BSF puparium. In summary, the study demonstrated that (1) the residual streams of the insect farming industry have a great potential for utilization as an alternative chitin source, and (2) both LC-ECD and LC-MS/MS are reliable for the quantitative determination of glucosamine in insect chitin.
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26
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Capillary electrophoresis and the biopharmaceutical industry: Therapeutic protein analysis and characterization. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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27
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Durán-Álvarez JC, Rodríguez-Varela M, Verdeja-Muñoz EJ, Córdova-Aguilar MS. Determination of the monosaccharide composition in mucilage of Opuntia ficus indica by HPLC-ESI-MS - validation of the sample preparation and the analytical method. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00995-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Calderaro F, Bevers LE, van den Berg MA. Oxidative Power: Tools for Assessing LPMO Activity on Cellulose. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081098. [PMID: 34439765 PMCID: PMC8391687 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) have sparked a lot of research regarding their fascinating mode-of-action. Particularly, their boosting effect on top of the well-known cellulolytic enzymes in lignocellulosic hydrolysis makes them industrially relevant targets. As more characteristics of LPMO and its key role have been elucidated, the need for fast and reliable methods to assess its activity have become clear. Several aspects such as its co-substrates, electron donors, inhibiting factors, and the inhomogeneity of lignocellulose had to be considered during experimental design and data interpretation, as they can impact and often hamper outcomes. This review provides an overview of the currently available methods to measure LPMO activity, including their potential and limitations, and it is illustrated with practical examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Calderaro
- DSM Biotechnology Center, 2613 AX Delft, The Netherlands; (L.E.B.); (M.A.v.d.B.)
- Molecular Enzymolog y Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-6-36028569
| | - Loes E. Bevers
- DSM Biotechnology Center, 2613 AX Delft, The Netherlands; (L.E.B.); (M.A.v.d.B.)
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29
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Optimizing acid hydrolysis for monosaccharide compositional analysis of Nostoc cf. linckia acidic exopolysaccharide. Carbohydr Res 2021; 508:108400. [PMID: 34280803 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The exact estimation of monosaccharide composition is important in the primary structure elucidation of polysaccharides. An acid hydrolysis is usually performed for glycosidic bonds cleavage and releasing of monosaccharides. In this study, optimal conditions of total acid hydrolysis using trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) of acidic lactylated Nostoc cf. linckia exopolysaccharide (EPS) were investigated by NMR spectroscopy. Results of a series of experiments with modified acid concentration, temperature and time of hydrolysis, have shown 2 M TFA, 110 °C, 3 h as the most optimal. The stability of EPS monosaccharide components was also explored. Low stability was found at all tested conditions already during the first hour of hydrolysis; all neutral monosaccharides were degraded from 25% to 40% and glucuronic acid to 75%. NMR, contrary to standard techniques used in monosaccharide compositional analysis (HPLC, HPAEC), allowed simultaneous quantification of all GlcA forms; the free one, that one linked in oligosaccharides, as well as GlcA degradation product γ-lactone. NMR as detection method improves information about uronic acid content in EPS.
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30
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Liu D, Tang W, Yin JY, Nie SP, Xie MY. Monosaccharide composition analysis of polysaccharides from natural sources: Hydrolysis condition and detection method development. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Alyuruk H, Kontas A, Altay O. A comparative study of two HPLC methods for dissolved monosaccharide analysis in seawater using 2-amino benzamide and 2-amino pyrazine as pre-column derivatization reagents. Talanta 2021; 234:122629. [PMID: 34364438 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two reversed-phase HPLC methods for molecular analysis of dissolved free monosaccharides in seawater were investigated comparatively by optimizing chromatographic separations and pre-column derivatization reactions. Monosaccharides derivatized with 2-amino benzamide or 2-amino pyrazine, and reduced with 2-picoline borane or 2-dimethylamino borane. According to results of optimization, separation performance, and detection limits, 2-amino benzamide method gave better results than 2-amino pyrazine method. Among 12 monosaccharides tested, it was possible to quantify glucose + galactose, galacturonic acid, glucuronic acid, xylose + arabinose, ribose, mannose, and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine with detection limits between 1.2 and 11 nM with intra-day repeatability of 2-9% and inter-day repeatability of 3-9%. The optimized method has the same level of detection limit with a widely used anion exchange chromatography method. Besides the preliminary results reported in this study, it may be possible to achieve higher sensitivity and to detect more monosaccharides by the use of shorter and narrow-bore columns at different polarities in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Alyuruk
- Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Inciralti, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Aynur Kontas
- Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Inciralti, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Oya Altay
- Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Inciralti, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
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32
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Moravcová D, Čmelík R, Křenková J. Separation of labeled isomeric oligosaccharides by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography - the role of organic solvent in manipulating separation selectivity of the amide stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462303. [PMID: 34147834 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The advantages of using mixtures of organic solvents for the separation of labeled oligosaccharides on the amide stationary phase under hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography conditions are presented. The effect of the type of buffer as well as solvent or their mixtures on retention of uracil, saccharide labeling reagents (2-aminobenzoic acid, 2-aminobenzamide, ethyl 4-aminobenzoate, procainamide), and corresponding labeled saccharides were evaluated. The successful isocratic separation of labeled isomeric trisaccharides (maltotriose, panose, and isomaltotriose) was achieved in the mobile phase consisting of a 90% (v/v) mixture of organic solvents (methanol/acetonitrile 60:40) and 10% (v/v) 30 mM ammonium formate, pH 3.3. Changing the volume ratio between methanol/acetonitrile from 60:40 to 50:50 (v/v) allowed to obtain the separation of di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharides labeled by ethyl 4-aminobenzoate in less than 10.5 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Moravcová
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Veveří 97, Brno 60200, Czech Republic.
| | - Richard Čmelík
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Veveří 97, Brno 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Křenková
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Veveří 97, Brno 60200, Czech Republic
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33
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Hauser JR, Bergström ET, Kulak AN, Warriner SL, Thomas-Oates J, Bon RS. Pyrene Tags for the Detection of Carbohydrates by Label-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation Mass Spectrometry*. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1430-1439. [PMID: 33296552 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is widely used for the analysis of biomolecules. Label-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (LALDI-MS) is a matrix-free variant of MALDI-MS, in which only analytes covalently attached to a laser desorption/ionisation (LDI) enhancer are detected. LALDI-MS has shown promise in overcoming the limitations of MALDI-MS in terms of sample preparation and MS analysis. In this work, we have developed a series of pyrene-based LDI reagents (LALDI tags) that can be used for labelling and LALDI-MS analysis of reducing carbohydrates from complex (biological) samples without the need for additional chemical derivatisation or purification. We have systematically explored the suitability of four pyrene-based LDI enhancers and three aldehyde-reactive handles, optimised sample preparation, and demonstrated the use of LALDI tags for the detection of lactose. We have also exemplified the potential of LALDI tags for labelling carbohydrates in biological samples by direct detection of lactose in cow's milk. These results demonstrate that LALDI-MS is a promising technique for the analysis of reducing carbohydrates in biological samples, and pave the way for the development of LALDI-MS for glycomics and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Hauser
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Edmund T Bergström
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.,Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Alexander N Kulak
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Stuart L Warriner
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jane Thomas-Oates
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.,Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Robin S Bon
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, LIGHT Laboratories, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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34
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Analysis of hyaluronan and its derivatives using chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:117014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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35
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Zhao Y, Chen J, Zhong H, Zhang C, Zhou Y, Mao W, Yu C. Functionalized Ag/Fe-MOFs nanocomposite as a novel endogenous redox mediator for determination of α2,6-sialylated glycans in serum. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:649. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04608-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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36
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Zhang Y, Hu Z, Zhang C, Liu BF, Liu X. A robust glycan labeling strategy using a new cationic hydrazide tag for MALDI-MS-based rapid and sensitive glycomics analysis. Talanta 2020; 219:121356. [PMID: 32887081 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemical derivatization of glycans is a common strategy to increase the analytical performance of MALDI-MS-based glycan profiling techniques. Hydrazide, one of the most popular tags, offers important advantages including allowing purification-free procedures. Several hydrazides have thus been used for glycomics combined with an on-target strategy to further simplify the analytical procedures. Usually, gentle heating and mildly acidic conditions with somewhat long reaction times are needed for these hydrazide derivatizations to reach a high reaction efficiency, which makes the current hydrazide tags not yet perfectly conducive to high-throughput analysis. To further optimize these hydrazide tags for high-throughput analysis, based on the structure of a reported hydrazide and the theoretical calculations, a new cationic hydrazide tag, 4-(hydrazinecarbonyl)-N,N,N-trimethylbenzenaminium (HTMBA), was designed, synthesized and tested in this work. HTMBA could completely derivatize glycans at room temperature in several seconds under very mildly acidic conditions (<3% acetic acid). A 19-fold enhancement in the signal intensity was obtained without interference from alkali adduct ions in the MALDI-MS detection of HTMBA-labeled maltoheptaose. To broaden the applicability of HTMBA, an HTMBA on-target derivatization (HOD) strategy was developed and fully validated with maltoheptaose and RNase B, and the method showed a good repeatability and stability. Finally, the HOD strategy was successfully applied to serum samples, 44 glycans in human serum were detected, and the O-acetylation information of sialic acid in horse serum was preserved. These results showed that the HOD strategy was suitable for the MS-based rapid analysis of all glycoforms in complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Zhaoyu Hu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Chun Zhang
- Technology National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
| | - Bi-Feng Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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37
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Zhu Q, Mao W, Zhang C, Zhou Y, Tang Z, Yu C. Au@BSA microspheres-luminol and a novel luminescent Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework were used for potential-resolved electrochemiluminescence to detect dual targets. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1140:89-98. [PMID: 33218493 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, a novel electrochemiluminescence biosensor based on potential-resolved strategy was firstly prepared for the detection of dual targets α2,3-sialylated glycans and α2,6-sialylated glycans. This is the first time that Au@BSA microsphere was used to connect with luminol to enhance its ECL intensity, and it can generate ECL signals at positive potential. Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8) and Meso-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) were linked using a one-pot method to synthesize a novel luminescent ZIF (L-ZIF) named TZZ, which can emit ECL signals at negative potential. Moreover, magnetite microspheres were used to construct a sandwich-type biosensor to obtain higher sensitivity and reduce background signals. In addition, the biosensor manufactured directly in solution have a wider linear range than constructed on electrode because it has more available space than the electrode surface. Due to the above advantages, the prepared ECL biosensor exhibited high sensitivity, stability and broader linear range, even for practical analysis. Therefore, the prepared ECL biosensor will become a promising method for determination of α2,3-sialylated glycans and α2,6-sialylated glycans in clinical applications in the future. What is more, it provides a potential method for detection of other multi-targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihao Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Weiran Mao
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Chengli Zhang
- The First People's Hospital of Zigong, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, PR China
| | - Chao Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
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38
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Zhang H, Shi X, Vu NQ, Li G, Li Z, Shi Y, Li M, Wang B, Welham NV, Patankar MS, Weisman P, Li L. On-Tissue Derivatization with Girard's Reagent P Enhances N-Glycan Signals for Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Sections in MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13361-13368. [PMID: 32865977 PMCID: PMC7544651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a major protein post-translational modification whose dysregulation has been associated with many diseases. Herein, an on-tissue chemical derivatization strategy based on positively charged hydrazine reagent (Girard's reagent P) coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) was developed for analysis of N-glycans from FFPE treated tissue sections. The performance of the proposed approach was evaluated by analysis of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, N-glycans released from glycoproteins, as well as MS imaging of N-glycans from human cancer tissue sections. The results demonstrated that the signal-to-noise ratios for target saccharides were notably improved after chemical derivatization, in which signals were enhanced by 230-fold for glucose and over 28-fold for maltooctaose. Improved glycome coverage was obtained for N-glycans derived from glycoproteins and tissue samples after chemical derivatization. Furthermore, on-tissue derivatization was applied for MALDI-MSI of N-glycans from human laryngeal cancer and ovarian cancer tissues. Differentially expressed N-glycans among the tumor region, adjacent normal tissue region, and tumor proximal collagen stroma region were imaged, revealing that high-mannose type N-glycans were predominantly expressed in the tumor region. Overall, our results indicate that the on-tissue labeling strategy coupled with MALDI-MSI shows great potential to spatially characterize N-glycan expression within heterogeneous tissue samples with enhanced sensitivity. This study provides a promising approach to better understand the pathogenesis of cancer related aberrant glycosylation, which is beneficial to the design of improved clinical diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Xudong Shi
- Division
of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public
Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Nhu Q. Vu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Gongyu Li
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zihui Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Yatao Shi
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Miyang Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Bin Wang
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Nathan V. Welham
- Division
of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public
Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Manish S. Patankar
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University
of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 54911, United States
| | - Paul Weisman
- Departments
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine and Public
Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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39
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Barrientos RC, Zhang Q. Recent advances in the mass spectrometric analysis of glycosphingolipidome - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1132:134-155. [PMID: 32980104 PMCID: PMC7525043 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of glycosphingolipids has been implicated in a myriad of diseases, but our understanding of the strucural diversity, spatial distribution, and biological function of this class of biomolecules remains limited. These challenges partly stem from a lack of sensitive tools that can detect, identify, and quantify glycosphingolipids at the molecular level. Mass spectrometry has emerged as a powerful tool poised to address most of these challenges. Here, we review the recent developments in analytical glycosphingolipidomics with an emphasis on sample preparation, mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry-based structural characterization, label-free and labeling-based quantification. We also discuss the nomenclature of glycosphingolipids, and emerging technologies like ion mobility spectrometry in differentiation of glycosphingolipid isomers. The intrinsic advantages and shortcomings of each method are carefully critiqued in line with an individual's research goals. Finally, future perspectives on analytical sphingolipidomics are stated, including a need for novel and more sensive methods in isomer separation, low abundance species detection, and profiling the spatial distribution of glycosphingolipid molecular species in cells and tissues using imaging mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodell C Barrientos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27412, United States; UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, NC Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, United States
| | - Qibin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27412, United States; UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research, NC Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, United States.
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40
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Zhao H, Lai CJS, Yu Y, Wang YN, Zhao YJ, Ma F, Hu M, Guo J, Wang X, Guo L. Acidic hydrolysate fingerprints based on HILIC-ELSD/MS combined with multivariate analysis for investigating the quality of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:476-484. [PMID: 32593759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this preliminary study, the acidic hydrolysate fingerprints of polysaccharides based on hydrophilic-interaction chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection-electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HILIC-ELSD/ESI-TOF/MS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis was developed and applied to investigate the quality of Ganoderma lucidum from different regions. Projection-to-latent-structure discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) could distinguish samples of Zhejiang regions from those of other regions. Orthogonal-projection-to-latent-structure discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) provided clear discrimination between G. lucidum samples cultivated in Zhejiang and that from other regions, in which Polysaccharides and D-galactose could be considered as candidate biomarkers. In addition, the intraspecific differentiation of G. lucidum was preliminarily investigated with samples from Shaanxi region. They were classified into four groups by PCA and PLS-DA, in which L-rhamnose, D-xylose, L-arabinose, and mannose were considered as potential chemical markers. These preliminary results contributed to our understanding of the variance of polysaccharides in Ganoderma spp. from different geographic origins and the intraspecific differentiation from the same region, which suggest great potential in the quality control of Ganoderma spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengqiang Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University Of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, PR China; Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University Of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, PR China.
| | - Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Yi Yu
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, PR China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Yu-Jun Zhao
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Fangli Ma
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, PR China
| | - Minghua Hu
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, PR China
| | - Juan Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University Of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, PR China; Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University Of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, PR China.
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing 100700, PR China.
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41
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Hung WT, Chen YT, Chen CH, Lee YC, Fang JM, Yang WB. Flow Chemistry System for Carbohydrate Analysis by Rapid Labeling of Saccharides after Glycan Hydrolysis. SLAS Technol 2020; 25:356-366. [PMID: 32560600 PMCID: PMC7372588 DOI: 10.1177/2472630320924620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the utilization of a flow chemistry system for continuous
glycan hydrolysis and saccharide labeling to assist with the existing methods in
glycan structural analysis. Acidic hydrolysis of glycans could be accelerated in
a flow system. Aldoses and α-ketoacid-type saccharides were effectively labeled
with naphthalene-2,3-diamine (NADA) at 60 °C for 10 min to form the fluorescent
naphthimidazole (NAIM) and quinoxalinone (QXO) derivatives, respectively. The
NADA-labeled derivatives improved the structural determination and composition
analysis for their parent saccharides by using matrix-assisted laser desorption
ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), liquid
chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
Furthermore, this protocol was applied to determine the SA–Gal–Glc sequence of
GM3-sugar out of six possible permutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Hung
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei
| | | | - Yuan Chuan Lee
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jim-Min Fang
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei.,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - Wen-Bin Yang
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei
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Bailly C, Hecquet PE, Kouach M, Thuru X, Goossens JF. Chemical reactivity and uses of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone (PMP), also known as edaravone. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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43
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Fu X, Cebo M, Ikegami T, Lämmerhofer M. Separation of carbohydrate isomers and anomers on poly-N-(1H-tetrazole-5-yl)-methacrylamide-bonded stationary phase by hydrophilic interaction chromatography as well as determination of anomer interconversion energy barriers. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1620:460981. [PMID: 32115232 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new commercially available HPLC column, poly-N-(1H-tetrazole-5-yl)-methacrylamide-bonded stationary phase (Daicel DCpak PTZ), was systematically evaluated for its carbohydrate isomer separation capability by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) with charged aerosol detection (CAD) or (tandem) mass spectrometry. Reducing sugars tend to split into two anomer peaks which makes carbohydrate isomer separations in non-derivatized form even more complicated. For practical purposes anomer separations are therefore ideally suppressed which can be accomplished by using high temperature or high pH that are both associated with fast interconversion kinetics leading to peak coalescence, or on the other hand by conditions with low chromatographic anomer selectivity. Four major hexoses (glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose), five main pentoses (ribose, ribulose, xylose, xylulose, arabinose) and five most important disaccharides (maltose, cellobiose, lactose, sucrose, trehalose) were analyzed as single carbohydrate standards by isocratic HILIC with 0.1% (v/v) formic acid and 2 mM ammonium acetate at various temperatures to study anomer interconversion equilibria in a pH-dependent manner. Rate constants of forward (α→β) and backward (β→α) anomerization and corresponding energy barriers were calculated. The energy barriers of anomerisation were in the range of around 83-91 kJ mol-1 at 298 K and the difference between forward (α→β) and backward reaction (β→α) was typically between 1-3 kJ mol-1. The systematic studies finally allowed to pick conditions for the simultaneous analysis of all 14 carbohydrates by HILIC-ESI-MS(/MS) with PTZ in gradient elution mode. A combination of carbohydrate isomer-selective LC (with PTZ), tandem MS (with carbohydrate group-selective MS1 and some species-specific SRM transitions) and a simple deconvolution strategy allowed the determination of all carbohydrates of the complex test mixture except for the disaccharide pair lactose and maltose (which can be determined as sum). Consequently, the proposed method represents a successful step towards a global glycometabolomics profiling method of mono- and disaccharides by HILIC-ESI-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Fu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Cebo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tohru Ikegami
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Materials Synthesis, Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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44
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Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Lasanajak Y, Smith DF, Song X. O-Benzylhydroxylamine (BHA) as a Cleavable Tag for Isolation and Purification of Reducing Glycans. SLAS Technol 2020; 25:388-396. [PMID: 31959063 DOI: 10.1177/2472630319898150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glycoscience has been recognized as an important area in biomedical research. Currently, a major obstacle for glycoscience study is the lack of diverse, biomedically relevant, and complex glycans in quantities sufficient for exploring their structural and functional aspects. Complementary to chemoenzymatic synthesis, natural glycans could serve as a great source of biomedically relevant glycans if they are available in sufficient quantities. We have recently developed oxidative release of natural glycans (ORNG) for large-scale release of N-glycans as free reducing glycans. While free reducing glycans can be readily derivatized with ultraviolet or fluorescent tags for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, it is difficult to remove tags for the regeneration of free reducing glycans without affecting the structural integrity of glycans. To address this inconvenience, we explored the use of a cleavable tag, O-benzylhydroxylamine (BHA). Free reducing glycans are easily and efficiently labeled with BHA under mild conditions, enabling UV detection during HPLC purification. Individual glycan-BHA conjugates can then be separated using multidimensional HPLC and characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and MS/MS. The BHA tag can then be easily removed by palladium-on-carbon (Pd/C)-catalyzed hydrogenation to efficiently regenerate free reducing glycans with little effect on glycan structures. This procedure provides a simple and straightforward way to tag free reducing glycans for purification at a preparative scale using multidimensional HPLC and subsequently recover purified free reducing glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Educational Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuyang Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yi Lasanajak
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David F Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Comprehensive Glycomics Core, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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45
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An improved phenol-sulfuric acid method for the determination of carbohydrates in the presence of persulfate. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 227:115332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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46
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Zhao X, Huang Y, Ma G, Liu Y, Guo C, He Q, Wang H, Liao J, Pan Y. Parallel On-Target Derivatization for Mass Calibration and Rapid Profiling of N-Glycans by MALDI-TOF MS. Anal Chem 2019; 92:991-998. [PMID: 31829556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification of proteins, and abnormal glycosylation is involved in a variety of diseases. Accurate and rapid profiling of N-glycans by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is still technically challenging and hampered mainly by mass drift of instrument, manual identification of spectrum peaks, and poor cocrystallization with traditional matrices besides low ionization efficiency of analytes. In the present study, a parallel on-target derivatization strategy (POTDS), on the basis of two rationally combined matrices, i.e., 3-hydrazinobenzoic acid plus DHB (DHB/3HBA) and quinoline-3-carbohydrazide plus DHB (DHB/Q3CH), was proposed for mass calibration and rapid detection of reducing N-glycans. Both DHB/3HBA and DHB/Q3CH show high derivatization efficiency and can improve the ionization efficiency of reducing N-glycans significantly. For mass calibration, in combination with dextrans, DHB/3HBA and DHB/Q3CH prove to be highly sensitive matrices facilitating both MS and MS2 calibration for N-glycans in dual polarities. For rapid identification, the regular mass difference observed for each N-glycan labeled with Q3CH and 3HBA respectively can eliminate the occurrence of false positives and promote automated identification of N-glycans in complex samples. For relative quantitation, the acid-base pair of DHB/Q3CH generates a concentrated cocrystallization of glycan-matrix mixtures at the edge of the droplet uniformly, exhibiting good linearity (R2 > 0.998) and accuracy (RSD ≤ 10%). Furthermore, the established POTDS was successfully utilized to assess N-glycans of serum from HCC patients, revealing potential for biomarker discovery in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Ge Ma
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Yaqin Liu
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310009 , China
| | - Quan He
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Huiwen Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Jiancong Liao
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
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47
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Shinchi H, Yamaguchi T, Moroishi T, Yuki M, Wakao M, Cottam HB, Hayashi T, Carson DA, Suda Y. Gold Nanoparticles Coimmobilized with Small Molecule Toll-Like Receptor 7 Ligand and α-Mannose as Adjuvants. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2811-2821. [PMID: 31560198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants enhance the immune response during vaccination. Among FDA-approved adjuvants, aluminum salts are most commonly used in vaccines. Although aluminum salts enhance humoral immunity, they show a limited effect for cell-mediated immune responses. Thus, further development of adjuvants that induce T-cell-mediated immune response is needed. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognizing specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns activate innate immunity, which is crucial to shape adaptive immunity. Using TLR ligands as novel adjuvants in vaccines has therefore attracted substantial attention. Among them a small molecule TLR7 ligand, imiquimod, has been approved for clinical use, but its use is restricted to local administration due to unwanted adverse side effects when used systematically. Since TLR7 is mainly located in the endosomal compartment of immune cells, efficient transport of the ligand into the cells is important for improving the potency of the TLR7 ligand. In this study we examined gold nanoparticles (GNPs) immobilized with α-mannose as carriers for a TLR7 ligand to target immune cells. The small molecule synthetic TLR7 ligand, 2-methoxyethoxy-8-oxo-9-(4-carboxy benzyl)adenine (1V209), and α-mannose were coimmobilized via linker molecules consisting of thioctic acid on the GNP surface (1V209-αMan-GNPs). The in vitro cytokine production activity of 1V209-αMan-GNPs was higher than that of the unconjugated 1V209 derivative in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In the in vivo immunization study, 1V209-αMan-GNPs induced significantly higher titers of IgG2c antibody specific to ovalbumin as an antigen than did unconjugated 1V209, and splenomegaly and weight loss were not observed. These results indicate that 1V209-αMan-GNPs could be useful as safe and effective adjuvants for development of vaccines against infectious diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Shinchi
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Kagoshima University , 1-21-40 Korimoto , Kagoshima 890-0065 , Japan
| | - Toru Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Kagoshima University , 1-21-40 Korimoto , Kagoshima 890-0065 , Japan
| | - Toshiro Moroishi
- Department of Molecular Enzymology, Faculty of Life Sciences , Kumamoto University , 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku , Kumamoto 860-8556 , Japan.,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences , Kumamoto University , Kumamoto 860-8556 , Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) , Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Kawaguchi 332-0012 , Japan
| | - Masaharu Yuki
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Kagoshima University , 1-21-40 Korimoto , Kagoshima 890-0065 , Japan
| | - Masahiro Wakao
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Kagoshima University , 1-21-40 Korimoto , Kagoshima 890-0065 , Japan
| | - Howard B Cottam
- Moores Cancer Center , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093-0695 , United States
| | - Tomoko Hayashi
- Moores Cancer Center , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093-0695 , United States
| | - Dennis A Carson
- Moores Cancer Center , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093-0695 , United States
| | - Yasuo Suda
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Kagoshima University , 1-21-40 Korimoto , Kagoshima 890-0065 , Japan.,SUDx-Biotec Corporation , 1-42-1 Shiroyama , Kagoshima 890-0013 , Japan
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48
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Tsai S, Liew CY, Hsu C, Huang S, Weng W, Kuo Y, Ni C. Automatic Full Glycan Structural Determination through Logically Derived Sequence Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2351-2359. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shang‐Ting Tsai
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular SciencesAcademia Sinica P. O. Box 23-166 Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chia Yen Liew
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular SciencesAcademia Sinica P. O. Box 23-166 Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Molecular Science and Technology International Graduate ProgramAcademia Sinica and National University Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chen Hsu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular SciencesAcademia Sinica P. O. Box 23-166 Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Shih‐Pei Huang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular SciencesAcademia Sinica P. O. Box 23-166 Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Wei‐Chien Weng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular SciencesAcademia Sinica P. O. Box 23-166 Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Hsiang Kuo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular SciencesAcademia Sinica P. O. Box 23-166 Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chi‐Kung Ni
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular SciencesAcademia Sinica P. O. Box 23-166 Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Department of ChemistryNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
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49
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Barrientos RC, Zhang Q. Differential Isotope Labeling by Permethylation and Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Relative Quantification of Intact Neutral Glycolipids in Mammalian Cells. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9673-9681. [PMID: 31322861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Probing the role of glycolipids in health and disease warrants development of practical strategies to determine these molecules at the intact structural level, namely to simultaneously characterize and quantify the glycan and lipid moieties without breaking the linkage between them. Herein we present such an approach utilizing differential isotope labeling and reversed phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (RPLC-MS/MS) for structural characterization and relative quantification of intact neutral glycolipids. In this approach, each individual sample and a pooled aliquot of each sample were permethylated using 12CH3I and 13CH3I, respectively, with the latter one serving as internal reference standard. The individual 12C-permethylated samples were spiked with equal amounts of the 13C-permethylated pooled sample and analyzed by RPLC-MS/MS. Permethylation not only increased the ionization efficiency of glycolipids but also facilitated structural characterization of both moieties. The ratio of the peak areas between the 12C- and 13C-labeled glycolipids served as surrogate measure of their relative concentrations. The coefficient of variation of the method was <6% measured across four representative glycolipids in five different ratios and triplicate experiments, after correction of natural isotopic distribution. When analyzing the low abundant glycolipids in total lipid extract, permethylation can dramatically reduce the analytical background by depleting most of the highly abundant ester-linked lipids. Application to conduritol B epoxide-, a β-glucocerebrosidase inhibitor, treated RAW 264.7 cells demonstrated the practical utility of this method in profiling the temporal accumulation of different glycolipids. Overall, this methodology offers a practical LC-MS based identification and quantification strategy to advance intact glycolipids analysis in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodell C Barrientos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of North Carolina , Greensboro , North Carolina 27412 , United States.,UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research , NC Research Campus , Kannapolis , North Carolina 28081 , United States
| | - Qibin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of North Carolina , Greensboro , North Carolina 27412 , United States.,UNCG Center for Translational Biomedical Research , NC Research Campus , Kannapolis , North Carolina 28081 , United States
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50
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Zhao X, Guo C, Huang Y, Huang L, Ma G, Liu Y, He Q, Wang H, Chen K, Pan Y. Combination Strategy of Reactive and Catalytic Matrices for Qualitative and Quantitative Profiling of N-Glycans in MALDI-MS. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9251-9258. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaqin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan He
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiwen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
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