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Cheng CW, Kou HS, Wu SM, Wang CC. A chemometric experimental design with three-step stacking capillary electrophoresis for analysis of five tobacco-specific nitrosamines in cigarette products. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1677:463283. [PMID: 35810639 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) as carcinogens endanger our health and life from cigarette products. However, the safe range of TSNAs levels in commercial cigarette products has not yet been established. For the purpose of safety and supervision, a three-step stacking approach including field amplified sample injection (FASI), sweeping, and analyte focusing by micelle collapse (AFMC), was developed for the simultaneous determination of five TSNAs levels in cigarette products. This approach also involved aspects of chemometric experimental design, including fractional factorial design and central composite design. After the multilevel optimization of the experimental design, the five TSNAs were well separated. The LOD (S/N = 3) values of the N´-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), N´-nitrosoanatabine (NAT), N´-nitrosoanabasine (NAB), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in the FASI-sweeping-AFMC CE approach were 1.000 ng/mL, 0.500 ng/mL, 0.125 ng/mL, 1.000 ng/mL, and 0.500 ng/mL respectively. The results of relative standard deviation (RSD) and relative error (RE) were all less than 3.35%, demonstrating good precision and accuracy. Finally, this novel approach was further applied to monitor three commercial cigarette products, and a range of 250.1-336.6 ng/g for NNN, 481.6-526.7 ng/g for NAT, 82.2-247.6 ng/g for NAB, 167.7-473.7 ng/g for NNAL, and 39.4-246.7 ng/g for NNK could be observed among these. Based on these results, the novel CE stacking strategy was successfully applied for the analysis of five TSNAs levels in cigarette products and could serve as a tool for assays of quality control of nitrosamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hwang-Shang Kou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shou-Mei Wu
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chun-Chi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
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2
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Zhen XT, Chen Y, Yang J, Dong X, Zheng H, Cao J. On-line concentration of triazine herbicides in microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography by electrokinetic injection assisted micelle to cyclodextrin stacking. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1628:461438. [PMID: 32822978 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A fast, simple, environmentally friendly and sensitive on-line concentration method using microemulsion system as background solution (BGS) was developed for the trace detection of propazine, atrazine, simazine in food samples. The electrokinetic injection assisted micelle to cyclodextrin stacking (MCDS) was designed for the enrichment of target compounds. The factors affected enrichment performance, such as the kind of CDs, the amount of CDs, the concentration of methanol in BGS, the concentration of micelle in sample matrix, the concentration of phosphoric acid in BGS and the sample injection time were optimized. The optimized electrophoretic condition was obtained as following: 50 mM α-CD, 20 mM SDS in sample matrix., 80 mM PA and 20% MeOH (v/v) in BGS, sample solution by electrokinetic injection at -10 kV for 80 s. Under the optimized conditions described above, the linear range was 0.1-20 ug/mL with a good linear relationship with a correlation coefficient (r) ≥ 0.9985. The SEFs for the propazine, atrazine, simazine were found to be 123, 85 and 62 respectively. The proposed MCDS-MEEKC method provided an efficient method for trace analysis of triazine herbicides in honey and dendrobium officinale samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Zhen
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Juan Yang
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xin Dong
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Jun Cao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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3
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Semail NF, Abdul Keyon AS, Saad B, Noordin SS, Nik Mohamed Kamal NNS, Mohamad Zain NN, Azizi J, Kamaruzaman S, Yahaya N. Analytical method development and validation of anticancer agent, 5-fluorouracil, and its metabolites in biological matrices: An updated review. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1781654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadhiratul-Farihin Semail
- Integrative and Regenerative Medicine Clusters, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Aemi Syazwani Abdul Keyon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Bahruddin Saad
- Fundamental and Applied Science Department, Universiti Technologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Salmah Noordin
- Integrative and Regenerative Medicine Clusters, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nik Nur Syazni Nik Mohamed Kamal
- Integrative and Regenerative Medicine Clusters, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain
- Integrative and Regenerative Medicine Clusters, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Juzaili Azizi
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sazlinda Kamaruzaman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Noorfatimah Yahaya
- Integrative and Regenerative Medicine Clusters, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
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4
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Chu C, Wei M, Liu C, Li H, Cao J, Yan J. Over 1000-fold improvement in an online preconcentration of trace anionic compounds by capillary electrophoresis with ionic liquid micelle-based three-step stacking. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1044:191-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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5
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Wang Y, Zhang G, Zhao X, Ling J. Genome shuffling improved the nucleosides production in Cordyceps kyushuensis. J Biotechnol 2017; 260:42-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Aturki Z, Fanali S, Rocco A. Online sample concentration and analysis of drugs of abuse in human urine by micelle to solvent stacking in capillary zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:2875-2881. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeineb Aturki
- Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Monterotondo Italy
| | - Salvatore Fanali
- Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Monterotondo Italy
| | - Anna Rocco
- Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Monterotondo Italy
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7
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Aghaie AB, Hadjmohammadi MR. Fe3O4@p-Naphtholbenzein as a novel nano-sorbent for highly effective removal and recovery of Berberine: Response surface methodology for optimization of ultrasound assisted dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction. Talanta 2016; 156-157:18-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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8
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Thang LY, See HH, Quirino JP. Determination of tamoxifen and its metabolites using micelle to solvent stacking in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:1166-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Yien Thang
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences - Chemistry; University of Tasmania; Tasmania Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Malaysia
| | - Hong Heng See
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences - Chemistry; University of Tasmania; Tasmania Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Malaysia
| | - Joselito P. Quirino
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences - Chemistry; University of Tasmania; Tasmania Australia
- Department of Chemistry; Ateneo de Manila University; Quezon City Philippines
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9
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Vortex-assisted liquid–liquid extraction combined with field-amplified sample injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography for improved determination of β-blockers in human urine. Talanta 2016; 149:298-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Breadmore MC, Tubaon RM, Shallan AI, Phung SC, Abdul Keyon AS, Gstoettenmayr D, Prapatpong P, Alhusban AA, Ranjbar L, See HH, Dawod M, Quirino JP. Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2012-2014). Electrophoresis 2015; 36:36-61. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Breadmore
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Ria Marni Tubaon
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Aliaa I. Shallan
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Sui Ching Phung
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Aemi S. Abdul Keyon
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
- Faculty of Science; Department of Chemistry, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Malaysia
| | - Daniel Gstoettenmayr
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Pornpan Prapatpong
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Mahidol University; Rajathevee Bangkok Thailand
| | - Ala A. Alhusban
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Leila Ranjbar
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Hong Heng See
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia; Johor Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Dawod
- Department of Chemistry; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Joselito P. Quirino
- School of Physical Science; Australian Centre of Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania; Hobart Tasmania Australia
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11
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Malá Z, Šlampová A, Křivánková L, Gebauer P, Boček P. Contemporary sample stacking in analytical electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:15-35. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdena Malá
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Šlampová
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Křivánková
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Petr Gebauer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Petr Boček
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
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12
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Mckeon L, Regan F, Burns B, Leonard R. Determination of resin acid composition in rosin samples using cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2791-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Mckeon
- School of Chemical Sciences; Dublin City University; Dublin Ireland
| | - Fiona Regan
- School of Chemical Sciences; Dublin City University; Dublin Ireland
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13
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Study of the voltammetric behavior of jatrorrhizine and its sensitive determination at electrochemical pretreatment glassy carbon electrode. Talanta 2014; 126:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Kukusamude C, Srijaranai S, Quirino JP. Anionic microemulsion to solvent stacking for on-line sample concentration of cationic analytes in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1478-83. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyapuk Kukusamude
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS); School of Physical Sciences-Chemistry; University of Tasmania; Hobart Australia
- Materials Chemistry Research Unit; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Supalax Srijaranai
- Materials Chemistry Research Unit; Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Khon Kaen University; Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Joselito P. Quirino
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS); School of Physical Sciences-Chemistry; University of Tasmania; Hobart Australia
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15
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Uzaşçı S, Erim FB. Enhancement of native fluorescence intensity of berberine by (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin in capillary electrophoresis coupled by laser-induced fluorescence detection: application to quality control of medicinal plants. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1338:184-7. [PMID: 24642396 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive method for the determination of berberine, a plant alkaloid, was developed by capillary electrophoresis coupled with laser induced fluorescence detection. With the addition of (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (2-HP-β-CD) to the separation electrolyte, the low fluorescence signal intensity of berberine in aqueous medium was enhanced considerably by 162 fold. The optimal background electrolyte was selected as 20mM acetic acid, 35mM 2-HP-β-CD, and 20% methanol at pH 5. The limit of detection of the method for berberine was 15.7ng/mL. The intra and interday repeatabilities of corrected peak areas as RDSs were 1.83% and 3.75%, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of berberine contents in Chinese medicinal plants and herbal supplemental tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sesil Uzaşçı
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F Bedia Erim
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
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16
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Kitagawa F, Otsuka K. Recent applications of on-line sample preconcentration techniques in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1335:43-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Yang X, Zhang S, Wang J, Wang C, Wang Z. On-line two-step stacking in capillary zone electrophoresis for the preconcentration of strychnine and brucine. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 814:63-8. [PMID: 24528845 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An on-line sample preconcentration method by two-step stacking i.e., sweeping and micelle to solvent stacking, in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) has been developed for the determination of strychnine and brucine in traditional Chinese herbal medicines. After experimental optimizations, the best separation was achieved by using 75 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) with 30% methanol (v/v). Compared with normal CZE injection, 51- and 38-fold improvement in concentration sensitivity was achieved for strychnine and brucine, respectively. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.1-5.0 μg mL(-1) for both strychnine and brucine, with the correlation coefficients of 0.9998 and 0.9997, respectively. The limits of detection (S/N=3) for both alkaloids were 0.01 μg mL(-1). The inter-day (n=8) and intra-day (n=5) reproducibilities expressed as the relative standard deviations for corrected peak area were less than 9.5%. The method was applied to determine strychnine and brucine in two Chinese herbal medicines, with recoveries ranging from 94.2% to 105.4%. The results indicated that the method is simple, rapid, reliable, and can be applied to determine strychnos alkaloids in traditional Chinese herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Yang
- Department of chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Shuaihua Zhang
- Department of chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Juntao Wang
- Department of chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, PR China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, PR China.
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Development of Micellar to Solvent Stacking On-line Preconcentration Technique in Capillary Electrophoresis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(13)60698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Ge S, Tang W, Han R, Zhu Y, Wang Q, He P, Fang Y. Sensitive analysis of aminoglycoside antibiotics via hyphenation of transient moving substitution boundary with field-enhanced sample injection in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1295:128-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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