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Sun J, Zhan X, Wang W, Yang X, Liu Y, Yang H, Deng J, Yang H. Natural aporphine alkaloids: A comprehensive review of phytochemistry, pharmacokinetics, anticancer activities, and clinical application. J Adv Res 2024; 63:231-253. [PMID: 37935346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is the most common cause of death and is still a serious public health problem. Alkaloids, a class of bioactive compounds widely diffused in plants, especially Chinese herbs, are used as functional ingredients, precursors, and lead compounds in food and clinical applications. Among them, aporphine alkaloids (AAs), as an important class of isoquinoline alkaloids, exert a strong anticancer effect on multiple cancer types. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to comprehensively summarize the phytochemistry, pharmacokinetics, and bioavailability of seven subtypes of AAs and their derivatives from various plants and highlight their anticancer bioactivities and mechanisms of action. Key Scientific Concepts of Review. The chemical structures and botanical diversity of AAs are elucidated, and promising results are highlighted regarding the potent anticancer activities of AAs and their derivatives, contributing to their pharmacological benefits. This work provides a better understanding of AAs and combinational anticancer therapies involving them, thereby improving the development of functional food containing plant-derived AA and the clinical application of AAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xingtian Zhan
- School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaojie Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yichen Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huanzhi Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haixia Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Lamba D, Dwivedi DK, Yadav M, Kumar Yr S. Boldine: a narrative review of the bioactive compound with versatile biological and pharmacological potential. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 0:jcim-2023-0224. [PMID: 38234264 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2023-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Boldine is a plant-derived bioactive compound that has a beneficial impact on human health. Boldine is an aporphine alkaloid mainly obtained from the leaves and bark of the Chilean Boldo tree (Peumus boldus, Family: Monimiaceae). There are plenty of preclinical evidence supports that boldine exerts its beneficial effects against various diseases. Lumiskin™, a patented and marketed formulation by Revitol Skincare for skin brightening, contains Dicetyl boldine, a boldine derivative. CONTENT All the available information on the Chilean boldo tree (P. boldus Molina) species was actualized by systematically searching the scientific databases (PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus and others) and scientific literature. This article covers the recent advances in pharmacokinetic, toxicological, pharmacological/biological activities, and molecular mechanisms of the bioactive compound to understand health benefits of boldine better. SUMMARY Boldine exerts antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-diabetic, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-epileptic, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, anti-arthritis, anticancer and nootropic effects. Moreover, boldine exhibits its various pharmacological activities by altering antioxidant parameters (MDA, superoxide dismutase, glutathione), peroxynitrite, inflammatory markers apoptotic index, caspase-3, acetyl-cholinesterase, myeloperoxidase, TNF-α (Tumor necrosis factor-α), iNOS, Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), ACE-1(Angiotensin-converting enzyme-1), dopamine D2 receptors and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Boldine has the potential to modulate a variety of biological networks. OUTLOOK Due to its versatile pharmacological effects reported in various experimental animals as well as in randomized clinical trials for the treatment of facial melasma and for treatment of urinary stone lithotripsy in children as a complementary phytotherapy; in the future, this compound might be developed as a novel drug for a different indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Lamba
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Janakpuri, New Delhi, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, (Under Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, New Delhi), Erragadda, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Monu Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjaya Kumar Yr
- Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Janakpuri, New Delhi, India
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Akotkar L, Aswar U, Ganeshpurkar A, Raj R, Pawar A. An Overview of Chemistry, Kinetics, Toxicity and Therapeutic Potential of Boldine in Neurological Disorders. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3283-3295. [PMID: 37462836 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03992-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Boldine is an alkaloid obtained from the medicinal herb Peumus boldus (Mol.) (Chilean boldo tree; boldo) and belongs to the family Monimiaceae. It exhibits a wide range of pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anticancer, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-diabetic properties. There is a dearth of information regarding its pharmacokinetics and toxicity in addition to its potential pharmacological activity. Boldine belongs to the aporphine alkaloid class and possesses lipophilic properties which enable its efficient absorption and distribution throughout the body, including the central nervous system. It exhibits potent free radical scavenging activity, thereby reducing oxidative stress and preventing neuronal damage. Through a variety of neuroprotective mechanisms, including suppression of AChE and BuChE activity, blocking of connexin-43 hemichannels, pannexin 1 channel, reduction of NF-κβ mediated interleukin release, and glutamate excitotoxicity which successfully reduces neuronal damage. These results point to its probable application in reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Moreover, its effects on serotonergic, dopaminergic, opioid, and cholinergic receptors were further investigated in order to determine its applicability for neurobehavioral dysfunctions. The article investigates the pharmacokinetics of boldine and reveals that it has a low oral bioavailability and a short half-life, requiring regular dosage to maintain therapeutic levels. The review studies boldine's potential therapeutic uses and mode of action while summarizing its neuroprotective benefits. Given the favorable results for boldine as a potential neurotherapeutic drug in laboratory animals, more research is required. However, in order to optimise its therapeutic potential, it must be more bioavailable with fewer detrimental side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likhit Akotkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Erandwane, Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Urmila Aswar
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Erandwane, Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Ankit Ganeshpurkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, India
| | - Ritik Raj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, India
| | - Atmaram Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, India
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Silva LCL, de Souza GH, Pateis VDO, Ames-Sibin AP, Silva BP, Bracht L, Comar JF, Peralta RM, Bracht A, Sá-Nakanishi AB. Inhibition of Gluconeogenesis by Boldine in the Perfused Liver: Therapeutical Implication for Glycemic Control. Int J Hepatol 2023; 2023:1283716. [PMID: 37056327 PMCID: PMC10089784 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1283716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The alkaloid boldine occurs in the Chilean boldo tree (Peumus boldus). It acts as a free radical scavenger and controls glycemia in diabetic rats. Various mechanisms have been proposed for this effect, including inhibited glucose absorption, stimulated insulin secretion, and increased expression of genes involved in glycemic control. Direct effects on glucose synthesis and degradation were not yet measured. To fill this gap, the present study is aimed at ensuring several metabolic pathways linked to glucose metabolism (e.g., gluconeogenesis) in the isolated perfused rat liver. In order to address mechanistic issues, energy transduction in isolated mitochondria and activities of gluconeogenic key enzymes in tissue preparations were also measured. Boldine diminished mitochondrial ROS generation, with no effect on energy transduction in isolated mitochondria. It inhibited, however, at least three enzymes of the gluconeogenic pathway, namely, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-bisphosphatase-1, and glucose 6-phosphatase, starting at concentrations below 50 μM. Consistently, in the perfused liver, boldine decreased lactate-, alanine-, and fructose-driven gluconeogenesis with IC50 values of 71.9, 85.2, and 83.6 μM, respectively. Conversely, the compound also increased glycolysis from glycogen-derived glucosyl units. The hepatic ATP content was not affected by boldine. It is proposed that the direct inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis by boldine, combined with the increase of glycolysis, could be an important event behind the diminished hyperglycemia observed in boldine-treated diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Cristina Lima Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Vanesa de Oliveira Pateis
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ames-Sibin
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Paes Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Lívia Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Jurandir Fernando Comar
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosane Marina Peralta
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Adelar Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, Labor of Hepatic Metabolism, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Eliwa D, Ibrahim ARS, Kabbash A, El-Aasr M, Tomczyk M, Bin Jardan YA, Batiha GES, Ragab AE. Biotransformation of Modified Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids: Boldine and Berberine and In Silico Molecular Docking Studies of Metabolites on Telomerase and Human Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1195. [PMID: 36297307 PMCID: PMC9611891 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural nitrogen heterocycles biotransformation has been extensively used to prepare synthetic drugs and explore the fate of therapeutic agents inside the body. Herein, the ability of filamentous fungi to biotransform boldine and berberine was investigated. Docking simulation studies of boldine, berberine and their metabolites on the target enzymes: telomerase (TERT) and human protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B) were also performed to investigate the anticancer and antidiabetic potentials of compounds in silico. The biotransformation of boldine and berberine with Cunninghamella elegans NRRL 2310, Rhodotorula rubra NRRL y1592, Penicillium chrysogeneum ATCC 10002, Cunninghamella blackesleeana MR198 and Cunninghamella blackesleeana NRRL 1369 via demethylation, N- oxidation, glucosidation, oxidation and hydroxylation reactions produced seven metabolites, namely: 1,10-didesmethyl-boldine (1), laurolitsine (2), 1,10-didesmethyl-norboldine (3), boldine-9-O-β-D-glucoside (4), tridesmethyl berberine (5), demethylene berberine (6), and lambertine (7). Primarily, the structures of the metabolites were established by one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses and mass spectrometry. In silico molecular docking simulation of the metabolites of boldine and berberine to the proteins TERT and PTP-1B, respectively, revealed good binding MolDock scores comparable to boldine and berberine and favorable interactions with the catalytic sites of the proteins. In conclusion, this study presented promising biologically prepared nitrogen scaffolds (isoquinolines) of boldine and berberine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa Eliwa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | | | - Amal Kabbash
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Mona El-Aasr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Amany E. Ragab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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6
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Cassels BK, Fuentes-Barros G, Castro-Saavedra S. Boldo, Its Secondary Metabolites and their Derivatives. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083804666181113112928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Boldo leaves (Boldo folium, from Peumus boldus Mol.) are very frequently used as a medicinal herb in Chile and are exported to many countries to be used in teas or as extracts included in herbal remedies, primarily as an aid to digestion and as a mild sedative. Scientific support for these uses is scanty, and boldine, an alkaloid viewed as characteristic of the tree and present in high concentration in the bark, is extracted by specialized companies and sold as the supposed main active constituent. Consequently, boldine has been the subject of a considerable number of research papers, while some of the other alkaloids present to a greater extent in the leaves have been relatively neglected except when found in large amounts in other species. These studies range from assays of antioxidant activity to anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic and other medical applications. The essential oil, usually containing a large percentage of the toxic ascaridole, was once used as a vermifuge and is now regarded with caution, but is still of interest as a possible natural insecticide, fungicide, antiparasitic and herbicide. The last decade has seen an explosive increase in papers pointing to possible uses of boldo and its constituents. This review attempts to bring these publications together in a comprehensive way with the purpose of stimulating and orienting further research into the useful properties of this Chilean endemic tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce K. Cassels
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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7
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Peralta CM, Henestrosa C, Gil RA, Fernández LP, Acosta G. Novel spectrofluorimetric method for boldine alkaloid determination in herbal drugs and phytopharmaceuticals. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 184:101-108. [PMID: 28486201 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new green on-line method for Boldine determination (BOL) in herbal drugs and phytopharmaceuticals, using its native fluorescence in acid media (λex=282nm; λem=373nm) has been developed. The presented methodology involves for the first time, a flow injection (FI) strategy using a mini-column of multiwalled carbon nanotubes as retention agent coupled with molecular fluorescence. Different parameters influence as sample pH and flow rate, eluent flow rate and composition; on BOL sensitivity and elution time was investigated by multifactorial techniques. Adequate dynamic calibration range (r2=0.9993) was obtained over a concentration interval of 0.029-27.0μgmL-1 BOL. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.008 and 0.029μgmL-1, respectively. The average recoveries in explored samples ranged from 95% to 103%. Under optimized conditions, the throughput sample as high as 30h-1 was achieved with high repeatability performance (99%). The proposed development represents a useful and valuable tool emulating the analytical efficiency of the official methodologies for quality control of herbal and phytopharmaceutical drugs containing BOL. Moreover, this approach shows advantages respect to low cost, simplicity and environmental and analyst friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia M Peralta
- Instituto de Química de San Luis (INQUISAL, CCT-SanLuis), Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, San Luis 5700, Argentina; Área de Química Física, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, San Luis 5700, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Henestrosa
- Área de Farmacotecnia, Ética y Legislación Farmacéutica, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, San Luis 5700, Argentina
| | - Raúl A Gil
- Instituto de Química de San Luis (INQUISAL, CCT-SanLuis), Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, San Luis 5700, Argentina; Área de Química Analítica, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, San Luis 5700, Argentina
| | - Liliana P Fernández
- Instituto de Química de San Luis (INQUISAL, CCT-SanLuis), Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, San Luis 5700, Argentina; Área de Química Analítica, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, San Luis 5700, Argentina
| | - Gimena Acosta
- Instituto de Química de San Luis (INQUISAL, CCT-SanLuis), Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, San Luis 5700, Argentina; Área de Gestión en Calidad y Salud, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco y Pedernera, San Luis 5700, Argentina.
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Saurina J, Sentellas S. Strategies for metabolite profiling based on liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1044-1045:103-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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CERMANOVA J, PRASNICKA A, DOLEZELOVA E, ROZKYDALOVA L, HROCH M, CHLÁDEK J, TOMSIK P, KLOETING I, MICUDA S. Pharmacokinetics of Boldine in Control and Mrp2-Deficient Rats. Physiol Res 2016; 65:S489-S497. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to describe the currently poorly understood pharmacokinetics (PK) of boldine in control rats (LW, Lewis rats), and Mrp2 transporter-deficient rats (TR-). Animals from the LW and TR- groups underwent a bolus dose study with 10 mg/kg of boldine applied either orally or intravenously in order to evaluate the major PK parameters. The TR- rats demonstrated significantly reduced total clearance with prolonged biological half-life (LW 12±4.6 versus TR- 20±4.4 min), decreased volume of distribution (LW 3.2±0.4 l/kg versus TR- 2.4±0.4 l/kg) and reduced bioavailability (LW 7 % versus TR- 4.5 %). Another set of LW and TR- rats were used for a clearance study with continuous intravenous administration of boldine. The LW rats showed that biliary and renal clearance formed less than 2 % of the total clearance of boldine. The treatment of samples with β glucuronidase showed at least a 38 % contribution of conjugation reactions to the overall clearance of boldine. The TR- rats demonstrated reduced biliary clearance of boldine and its conjugates, which was partly compensated by their increased renal clearance. In conclusion, this study presents the PK parameters of boldine and shows the importance of the Mrp2 transporter and conjugation reactions in the elimination of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S. MICUDA
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Montemurro M, De Zan MM, Robles JC. Optimized high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection method using core-shell particles for the therapeutic monitoring of methotrexate. J Pharm Anal 2015; 6:103-111. [PMID: 29403969 PMCID: PMC5762447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is an antineoplastic drug, and due to its high toxicity, the therapeutic drug monitoring is strictly conducted in the clinical practice. The chemometric optimization and validation of a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using core-shell particles is presented for the determination of MTX in plasma during therapeutic monitoring. Experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied for the optimization of the chromatographic system and the analyte extraction step. A Poroshell 120 EC-C18 (3.0 mm×75 mm, 2.7 μm) column was used to obtain a fast and efficient separation in a complete run time of 4 min. The optimum conditions for the chromatographic system resulted in a mobile phase consisting of acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution (85.0 mM, pH=4.00) and 11.2% of acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Selectivity, linearity, accuracy and precision were demonstrated in a range of 0.10-6.0 µM of MTX. The application of the optimized method required only 150 µL of patient plasma and a low consumption of solvent to provide rapid results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Montemurro
- Laboratorio de Control de Calidad de Medicamentos, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María M De Zan
- Laboratorio de Control de Calidad de Medicamentos, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Juan C Robles
- Laboratorio de Control de Calidad de Medicamentos, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Madapa S, Harding WW. Semisynthetic Studies on and Biological Evaluation of N-Methyllaurotetanine Analogues as Ligands for 5-HT Receptors. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:722-729. [PMID: 25695425 DOI: 10.1021/np500893h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
N-Methyllaurotetanine (1) has been reported to display good affinity for the 5-HT1A receptor, but no structure-affinity studies have been performed to date. The commercially available alkaloid boldine (2) was used as the starting material for synthesis of various C-9 alkoxy analogues of N-methyllaurotetanine in order to gauge the effect of C-9 alkylation on affinity and selectivity at 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT7 receptors. Mitsunobu reactions were implemented in the alkylation steps leading to the analogues. Modest improvement in 5-HT1A affinity was observed upon alkylation for most analogues. Thus, the C-9 hydroxy group of 1 is not critical for affinity to the 5-HT1A receptor. Some analogues displayed high affinity for the 5-HT7 receptor, comparable to N-methyllaurotetanine, with moderate selectivity vs 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudharshan Madapa
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, , 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Wayne W Harding
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, , 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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12
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Cermanova J, Kadova Z, Zagorova M, Hroch M, Tomsik P, Nachtigal P, Kudlackova Z, Pavek P, Dubecka M, Ceckova M, Staud F, Laho T, Micuda S. Boldine enhances bile production in rats via osmotic and farnesoid X receptor dependent mechanisms. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 285:12-22. [PMID: 25771127 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Boldine, the major alkaloid from the Chilean Boldo tree, is used in traditional medicine to support bile production, but evidence to support this function is controversial. We analyzed the choleretic potential of boldine, including its molecular background. The acute- and long-term effects of boldine were evaluated in rats either during intravenous infusion or after 28-day oral treatment. Infusion of boldine instantly increased the bile flow 1.4-fold in healthy rats as well as in animals with Mrp2 deficiency or ethinylestradiol induced cholestasis. This effect was not associated with a corresponding increase in bile acid or glutathione biliary excretion, indicating that the effect is not related to stimulation of either bile acid dependent or independent mechanisms of bile formation and points to the osmotic activity of boldine itself. We subsequently analyzed bile production under conditions of changing biliary excretion of boldine after bolus intravenous administration and found strong correlations between both parameters. HPLC analysis showed that bile concentrations of boldine above 10 μM were required for induction of choleresis. Importantly, long-term pretreatment, when the bile collection study was performed 24-h after the last administration of boldine, also accelerated bile formation despite undetectable levels of the compound in bile. The effect paralleled upregulation of the Bsep transporter and increased biliary clearance of its substrates, bile acids. We consequently confirmed the ability of boldine to stimulate the Bsep transcriptional regulator, FXR receptor. In conclusion, our study clarified the mechanisms and circumstances surrounding the choleretic activity of boldine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolana Cermanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Kadova
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Zagorova
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Hroch
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Tomsik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Nachtigal
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Kudlackova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pavek
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Dubecka
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Ceckova
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Deparment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Laho
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Micuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Zeng RJ, Li Y, Chen JZ, Chou GX, Gao Y, Shao JW, Jia L, Wu SD, Wu SS. A novel UPLC-MS/MS method for sensitive quantitation of boldine in plasma, a potential anti-inflammatory agent: application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:459-64. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jie Zeng
- School of Pharmacy; Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Pharmacy; Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Jian-Zhong Chen
- School of Pharmacy; Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Gui-Xin Chou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yu Gao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Jing-Wei Shao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Lee Jia
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Sheng-Dong Wu
- School of Pharmacy; Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Shui-Sheng Wu
- School of Pharmacy; Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Fuzhou 350108 China
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