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Namballa HK, Madapa S, Sigalapalli DK, Harding WW. Semisynthetic Transformations on (+)-Boldine Reveal a 5-HT 2A/2CR Antagonist. J Nat Prod 2022; 85:2149-2158. [PMID: 36001775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aporphine alkaloids have shown affinity for serotonin receptors (5-HTRs), and there has been a recent upsurge of interest in aporphines as 5-HT2CR ligands. 1,2,9,10-Tetraoxygenated aporphine alkaloids in particular have demonstrated good affinity for 5-HTRs. In continued efforts to understand the impacts of structural modification of the 1,2,9,10-tetraoxygenated aporphine template on affinity, selectivity, and activity at 5-HT2R subtypes, we used (+)-boldine (8) as a semisynthetic feedstock in the preparation of C-2-alkoxylated (+)-predicentrine analogues. Compound 10n, which contains a benzyloxy group at C-2, has been identified as a novel 5-HT2CR ligand with strong affinity (4 nM) and moderate selectivity versus 5-HT2BR and 5-HT2AR (12-fold and 6-fold, respectively). Compound 10n functions as an antagonist at 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors. Computational experiments indicate that several hydrophobic interactions as well as strong H-bond and salt bridge interactions between the protonated amine moiety in 10n and Asp134 are responsible for the potent 5-HT2CR affinity of this compound. Furthermore, compound 10n displays favorable predicted drug-like characteristics, which is encouraging toward future optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari K Namballa
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Sudharshan Madapa
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Dilep K Sigalapalli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vignan Pharmacy College, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Vadlamudi 522213, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Wayne W Harding
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
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2
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Poddutoori R, Aardalen K, Aithal K, Barahagar SS, Belliappa C, Bock M, Chelur S, Gerken A, Gopinath S, Gruenenfelder B, Kiffe M, Krishnaswami M, Langowski J, Madapa S, Narayanan K, Pandit C, Panigrahi SK, Perrone M, Potakamuri RK, Ramachandra M, Ramanathan A, Ramos R, Sager E, Samajdar S, Subramanya HS, Thimmasandra DS, Venetsanakos E, Möbitz H. Discovery of MAP855, an Efficacious and Selective MEK1/2 Inhibitor with an ATP-Competitive Mode of Action. J Med Chem 2022; 65:4350-4366. [PMID: 35195996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in MEK1/2 have been described as a resistance mechanism to BRAF/MEK inhibitor treatment. We report the discovery of a novel ATP-competitive MEK1/2 inhibitor with efficacy in wildtype (WT) and mutant MEK12 models. Starting from a HTS hit, we obtained selective, cellularly active compounds that showed equipotent inhibition of WT MEK1/2 and a panel of MEK1/2 mutant cell lines. Using a structure-based approach, the optimization addressed the liabilities by systematic analysis of molecular matched pairs (MMPs) and ligand conformation. Addition of only three heavy atoms to early tool compound 6 removed Cyp3A4 liabilities and increased the cellular potency by 100-fold, while reducing log P by 5 units. Profiling of MAP855, compound 30, in pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic and efficacy studies in BRAF-mutant models showed comparable efficacy to clinical MEK1/2 inhibitors. Compound 30 is a novel highly potent and selective MEK1/2 kinase inhibitor with equipotent inhibition of WT and mutant MEK1/2, whose drug-like properties allow further investigation in the mutant MEK setting upon BRAF/MEK therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramulu Poddutoori
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies Ltd, 39-40 KIADB Industrial Area, Electronic City Phase II, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | - Kimberly Aardalen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Kiran Aithal
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies Ltd, 39-40 KIADB Industrial Area, Electronic City Phase II, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | | | - Charamanna Belliappa
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies Ltd, 39-40 KIADB Industrial Area, Electronic City Phase II, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | - Mark Bock
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shekar Chelur
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies Ltd, 39-40 KIADB Industrial Area, Electronic City Phase II, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | - Andrea Gerken
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sreevalsam Gopinath
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies Ltd, 39-40 KIADB Industrial Area, Electronic City Phase II, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | | | - Michael Kiffe
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Maithreyi Krishnaswami
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies Ltd, 39-40 KIADB Industrial Area, Electronic City Phase II, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | - John Langowski
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Sudharshan Madapa
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies Ltd, 39-40 KIADB Industrial Area, Electronic City Phase II, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | - Kishore Narayanan
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies Ltd, 39-40 KIADB Industrial Area, Electronic City Phase II, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | - Chetan Pandit
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies Ltd, 39-40 KIADB Industrial Area, Electronic City Phase II, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Panigrahi
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies Ltd, 39-40 KIADB Industrial Area, Electronic City Phase II, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | - Mark Perrone
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ravi Kumar Potakamuri
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies Ltd, 39-40 KIADB Industrial Area, Electronic City Phase II, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | - Murali Ramachandra
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies Ltd, 39-40 KIADB Industrial Area, Electronic City Phase II, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | - Anuradha Ramanathan
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies Ltd, 39-40 KIADB Industrial Area, Electronic City Phase II, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | - Rita Ramos
- Global Drug Discovery, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Emine Sager
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Susanta Samajdar
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies Ltd, 39-40 KIADB Industrial Area, Electronic City Phase II, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | - Hosahalli S Subramanya
- Aurigene Discovery Technologies Ltd, 39-40 KIADB Industrial Area, Electronic City Phase II, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | | | - Eleni Venetsanakos
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Henrik Möbitz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel 4002, Switzerland
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Madapa S, Gadhiya S, Kurtzman T, Alberts IL, Ramsey S, Reith M, Harding WW. Synthesis and evaluation of C9 alkoxy analogues of (-)-stepholidine as dopamine receptor ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 125:255-268. [PMID: 27688181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloids have shown interesting polypharmacological actions at dopamine receptors and are a unique template from which to mine novel molecules with dual selective actions at D1 and D3 receptors. Such compounds will be valuable to evaluate as anti-cocaine therapeutics. Towards that eventual goal, we engaged an SAR study in which a series of C9 alkoxy analogues of the D1/D2/D3 ligand (-)-stepholidine that possessed or lacked a C12 bromo functionality, were synthesized and evaluated for affinity at dopamine D1, D2 and D3 receptors. We found that the analogues are generally selective for the D1 receptor. Small n-alkoxy substituents (up to 4 carbons in length) were generally well tolerated for high D1 affinity but such groups reduced D3 affinity. In the case of C12 brominated analogues, C9 alkoxylation also had little effect on D1 affinity for the smaller alkoxy groups, but reduced D2 and D3 affinities significantly. C12 bromination tends to increase D1 receptor selectivity. A number of compounds were identified that retain affinity for D1 and D3 receptors but lack D2 receptor affinity. Among them, compound 22a was found to be a selective D1/D3 dual antagonist (Ki = 5.3 and 106 nM at D1 and D3 receptors). Docking studies performed on the analogues at the D3 receptor revealed a number of interactions that are important for affinity including a critical N - Asp110 salt bridge motif, H-bonds to Ser192 and Cys181 and hydrophobic interactions between the aryl rings and Phe106 and Phe345. The analogues adopt an orientation in which ring A is located in the orthosteric binding site while the C9 alkoxy substituents attached to ring D project into the secondary binding pocket of the D3 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudharshan Madapa
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, NY 10065, USA
| | - Satishkumar Gadhiya
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, NY 10065, USA; Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Thomas Kurtzman
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Chemistry, Lehman College, The City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Ian L Alberts
- Department of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College, City University of New York, New York, NY 11101, USA
| | - Steven Ramsey
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Chemistry, Lehman College, The City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Maarten Reith
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Wayne W Harding
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, NY 10065, USA; Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Gadhiya S, Madapa S, Kurtzman T, Alberts IL, Ramsey S, Pillarsetty NK, Kalidindi T, Harding WW. Tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloids with dopamine and σ receptor affinity. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:2060-71. [PMID: 27032890 PMCID: PMC4833520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two series of analogues of the tetrahydroprotoberberine (THPB) alkaloid (±)-stepholidine that (a) contain various alkoxy substituents at the C10 position and, (b) were de-rigidified with respect to (±)-stepholidine, were synthesized and evaluated for affinity at dopamine and σ receptors in order to evaluate effects on D3 and σ2 receptor affinity and selectivity. Small n-alkoxy groups are best tolerated by D3 and σ2 receptors. Among all compounds tested, C10 methoxy and ethoxy analogues (10 and 11 respectively) displayed the highest affinity for σ2 receptors as well as σ2 versus σ1 selectivity and also showed the highest D3 receptor affinity. De-rigidification of stepholidine resulted in decreased affinity at all receptors evaluated; thus the tetracyclic THPB framework is advantageous for affinity at dopamine and σ receptors. Docking of the C10 analogues at the D3 receptor, suggest that an ionic interaction between the protonated nitrogen atom and Asp110, a H-bond interaction between the C2 phenol and Ser192, a H-bond interaction between the C10 phenol and Cys181 as well as hydrophobic interactions of the aryl rings to Phe106 and Phe345, are critical for high affinity of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satishkumar Gadhiya
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, NY 10065, USA; Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sudharshan Madapa
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas Kurtzman
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Chemistry, Lehman College, The City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Ian L Alberts
- Department of Natural Sciences, LaGuardia Community College, City University of New York, New York, NY 11101, USA
| | - Steven Ramsey
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Chemistry, Lehman College, The City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | | | - Teja Kalidindi
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wayne W Harding
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, NY 10065, USA; Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Ponnala S, Kapadia N, Madapa S, Alberts IL, Harding WW. Synthesis and evaluation of aporphine analogs containing C1 allyl isosteres at the h5-HT(2A) receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5102-6. [PMID: 26475518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of C1 aporphine analogs related to compound 5 and that contain substituted allylic, alkynyl, nitrile, ester and benzyl groups was synthesized and evaluated for affinity at h5HT2A and α1A receptors in functional activity assays that measure calcium release. The presence of branched allylic substituent groups diminished affinity for the h5HT2A receptor. Likewise, the alkynyl, nitrile and ester derivatives evaluated displayed lower 5-HT2A receptor affinity as compared to 5. Hydrophobic, steric and electronic effects impact the affinity of p-substituted benzyl derivatives 8i-8k but in different ways. High hydrophobicity and size favor 5-HT2A affinity whereas, high electronegativity disfavors 5-HT2A affinity. p-Bromobenzyl analog 8k was identified as a 5-HT2A receptor selective ligand, with the highest 5-HT2A receptor affinity of any aporphine known to date. Most of the other analogs were selective for the 5-HT2A versus the α1A receptor. ChemScore binding energies from docking studies correlated qualitatively with the observed trends in affinity for 8i-8k, although the binding energies were not well differentiated quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashikanth Ponnala
- Hunter College, City University of New York, Department of Chemistry, 695 Park Avenue, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nirav Kapadia
- Hunter College, City University of New York, Department of Chemistry, 695 Park Avenue, NY 10065, USA; The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sudharshan Madapa
- Hunter College, City University of New York, Department of Chemistry, 695 Park Avenue, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ian L Alberts
- LaGuardia Community College, Department of Chemistry, 31-10 Thompson Avenue, LIC, NY 11104, USA
| | - Wayne W Harding
- Hunter College, City University of New York, Department of Chemistry, 695 Park Avenue, NY 10065, USA; The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Madapa S, Harding WW. Semisynthetic Studies on and Biological Evaluation of N-Methyllaurotetanine Analogues as Ligands for 5-HT Receptors. J Nat Prod 2015; 78:722-729. [PMID: 25695425 DOI: 10.1021/np500893h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
N-Methyllaurotetanine (1) has been reported to display good affinity for the 5-HT1A receptor, but no structure-affinity studies have been performed to date. The commercially available alkaloid boldine (2) was used as the starting material for synthesis of various C-9 alkoxy analogues of N-methyllaurotetanine in order to gauge the effect of C-9 alkylation on affinity and selectivity at 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT7 receptors. Mitsunobu reactions were implemented in the alkylation steps leading to the analogues. Modest improvement in 5-HT1A affinity was observed upon alkylation for most analogues. Thus, the C-9 hydroxy group of 1 is not critical for affinity to the 5-HT1A receptor. Some analogues displayed high affinity for the 5-HT7 receptor, comparable to N-methyllaurotetanine, with moderate selectivity vs 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudharshan Madapa
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, , 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Wayne W Harding
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, , 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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Madapa S, Tusi Z, Sridhar D, Kumar A, Siddiqi M, Srivastava K, Rizvi A, Tripathi R, Puri S, Shiva Keshava G, Shukla P, Batra S. Erratum to “Search for new pharmacophores for antimalarial activity. Part I: Synthesis and antimalarial activity of new 2-methyl-6-ureido-4-quinolinamides” [Bioorg. Med. Chem. 17 (2009) 203–221]. Bioorg Med Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Madapa S, Tusi Z, Sridhar D, Kumar A, Siddiqi M, Srivastava K, Rizvi A, Tripathi R, Puri S, Shiva Keshava G, Shukla P, Batra S. Search for new pharmacophores for antimalarial activity. Part I: Synthesis and antimalarial activity of new 2-methyl-6-ureido-4-quinolinamides. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:203-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Revised: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Singh V, Madapa S, Batra S. P2O5-Promoted Efficient and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Substituted 5-Methylene-dihydropyran-2,6-diones and 3-Methylene-3,4-dihydropyran-2-ones. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910802028879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Singh
- a Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow, India
| | - Sudharshan Madapa
- a Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow, India
| | - Sanjay Batra
- a Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow, India
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Batra S, Nag S, Madapa S. Application of Primary Allylamine Derivatives of Baylis-Hillman Adducts to Heterocyclic Synthesis: Generation of 5-Benzyl-4(3H)-pyrimidinones and 2-Benzylidene-2,3-dihydropyrrolizin-1-ones. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-990929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Madapa S, Sridhar D, Yadav GP, Maulik PR, Batra S. A General Approach to the Synthesis of Substituted Isoxazolo[4,3-c]quinolines via Chalcones. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Madapa S, Singh V, Batra S. An alternate approach to quinoline architecture via Baylis–Hillman chemistry: SnCl2-mediated tandem reaction toward synthesis of 4-(substituted vinyl)-quinolines. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Batra S, Singh V, Madapa S, Yadav G, Maulik P. Interesting Results of Catalytic Hydrogenation of 3-(2-Nitrophenyl)isoxazoles and 3-(Nitrophenyl)-4,5-dihydroisoxazoles. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-942388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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