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Gherdaoui CE, Bouberka Z, Delbarre JP, Hutin O, Sansano R, Leclercq L, Supiot P, Maschke U. A simple and reliable method for separation of mineral oil/polychlorobiphenyl mixtures. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:182-194. [PMID: 35876087 PMCID: PMC9925900 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221105436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were broadly applied worldwide as electrical insulators in transformers and power capacitors, due to their high dielectric constant and non-flammability. They were often added to mineral oils (MOs) and used as dielectric fluids, which are nowadays classified as hazardous waste. Indeed, the Stockholm Convention aims to eliminate the use of equipment with PCB content greater than 0.005 wt-% (=50 ppm) by 2025. Accurate identification and quantification of small traces of PCBs contained in MO thus represent a great analytical challenge. To achieve this goal, a simple, cost-effective and fast chromatographic process was developed to separate PCBs from MO, allowing to obtain reliable data to determine the concentration of PCBs, reduced to 2-3 ppm. Experimental and analytical methods, such as thin layer chromatography, column chromatography as well as gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy, were applied to acquire a high level of qualitative and quantitative determination of PCBs in transformer MOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chems Eddine Gherdaoui
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations,
Université de Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- Maxei Group, Arras, France
| | - Zohra Bouberka
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations,
Université de Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des
Matériaux-Catalyse et Environnement, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie
d’Oran Mohamed Boudiaf, Oran, Algeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Philippe Supiot
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations,
Université de Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Ulrich Maschke
- Unité Matériaux et Transformations,
Université de Lille, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
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2
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LI X, WANG L, SONG L, WAN Z, KOU J, ZHANG M, LÜ Y, WANG Y, MEI S. Simultaneous determination of 35 organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in the serum of the general population in Wuhan by solid phase extraction-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Se Pu 2022; 40:461-468. [PMID: 35478005 PMCID: PMC9404153 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2021.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
有机氯农药(OCPs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)是两类重要的持久性有机污染物,可在环境介质中长期存在,并通过多种途径进入人体,导致人体的高暴露风险。OCPs和PCBs对人体存在诸多健康危害,精准定量人体内OCPs和PCBs的暴露水平是健康效应评价的关键。该研究基于固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱联用技术(SPE-GC-MS/MS)建立了同时检测100 μL血清中35种OCPs和PCBs的分析方法。血清样品经尿素沉淀蛋白后,采用Oasis® HLB小柱净化,正己烷-二氯甲烷混合溶液(1∶1, v/v)洗脱,氮吹近干,正己烷定容,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,内标法定量分析。结果表明,OCPs和PCBs在0.05~50.0 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,检出限在1.2~71.4 ng/L之间。35种目标分析物的加标回收率在72.6%~142%之间,相对标准偏差小于25%。利用所建立的方法检测了武汉市普通人群血清样本中OCPs和PCBs的浓度水平,结果表明武汉市普通人群广泛暴露于OCPs和PCBs,且以OCPs为主。有8种OCPs和7种PCBs检出率高于50%,其中p,p'-滴滴伊、p,p'-滴滴滴和甲氧滴滴涕检出率达100%,非类二噁英PCBs是PCBs的主要成分。血清中OCPs浓度随年龄增长呈升高趋势,在60岁以上存在性别差异;不同性别、年龄人群血清中PCBs浓度无统计学差异。该方法样本用量少,操作简便,具有较高的准确度和精密度,适用于环境健康研究中大量人群血清样本中痕量OCPs和PCBs的生物监测。
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3
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Metcalfe CD, Bayen S, Desrosiers M, Muñoz G, Sauvé S, Yargeau V. Methods for the analysis of endocrine disrupting chemicals in selected environmental matrixes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112616. [PMID: 34953884 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are heterogenous in structure, chemical and physical properties, and their capacity to partition into various environmental matrixes. In many cases, these chemicals can disrupt the endocrine systems of vertebrate and invertebrate organisms when present at very low concentrations. Therefore, sensitive and varied analytical methods are required to detect these compounds in the environment. This review summarizes the analytical methods and instruments that are most used to monitor for EDCs in selected environmental matrixes. Only those matrixes for which there is a clear link between exposures and endocrine effects are included in this review. Also discussed are emerging methods for sample preparation and advanced analytical instruments that provide greater selectivity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Bayen
- McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - M Desrosiers
- Ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et de la Lutte Contre les Changements Climatiques du Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - G Muñoz
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - S Sauvé
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - V Yargeau
- McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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4
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Silva TLR, de Queiroz MELR, de Oliveira AF, Rodrigues AAZ, Neves AA, Vieira PAF, de Queiroz JH, Barbosa VODP. Microextraction technique associated with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determining pesticide residues in urine. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:165-175. [PMID: 35175180 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2038505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Urine is one of the biological matrices most used for detecting human contamination, as it is representative and easily obtained via noninvasive sampling. This study proposes a fast, accurate, and ecological method based on liquid-liquid microextraction with low-temperature partition (μLLE/LTP). It was validated to determine nine pesticides (lindane, alachlor, aldrin, chlorpyrifos, dieldrin, endrin, DDT, bifenthrin, and permethrin) in human urine, in association with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The technique was optimized through a factorial design. The best conditions for the simultaneous extraction of the analytes comprised the addition of 600 µL of water and 600 µL of acetonitrile (extracting solvent) to a 500-µL urine sample, followed by vortexing for 60 s. By freezing the samples for 4 h, it was possible to extract the pesticides and perform the extract clean-up simultaneously. The parameters selectivity, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, and accuracy were used to appraise the performance of the method. Good values of selectivity and linearity (R2 > 0.990), LOQ (0.39-1.02 μg L-1), accuracy (88-119% recovery), and precision (%CV ≤ 15%) were obtained. The μLLE/LTP-GC-MS method was applied to authentic urine samples collected from volunteers in Southeast Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís L R Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessandra A Z Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antônio Augusto Neves
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A F Vieira
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Humberto de Queiroz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Palát J, Kukučka P, Codling GP, Price EJ, Janků P, Klánová J. Application of 96-well plate SPE method for analysis of persistent organic pollutants in low volume blood serum samples. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132300. [PMID: 34563784 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Though many persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are closely regulated the human population is still exposed to these ubiquitous chemicals from the environment and diet. Safe management and human biomonitoring of POPs is necessary to understand the risk of exposure. Within human biomonitoring the mass of sample is often limited, therefore robust methods using smaller sample amounts are necessary. This study developed a 96-well plate solid phase extraction (SPE) method for determination of selected POPs: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and non-persistent novel flame retardants (NFRs) in low volume blood serum. Non-destructive clean-up coupling Oasis HLB extraction plate with Phree phospholipid removal plate was employed. Extraction efficiency was determined at low and high concentrations in certified reference materials NIST SRM 1957 and 1958, respectively. Target compounds deviated from certified values on average by 15% and 21% for SRM 1957 and SRM 1958, respectively. Observed limit of detections (LODs) ranged from 0.36 pg/mL (PCB 180) to 66.07 pg/mL (δ-HCH). The applicability for real samples is demonstrated on 48 samples from pregnant women enrolled in the pilot phase of the CELSPAC: TNG study. In total, 30 target compounds were detected in at least one sample. The method developed here provides a fast and reliable analysis of human blood serum with possibility to introduce automation for the sample preparation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Palát
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kukučka
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Garry P Codling
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr, SK, S7N 5B3, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Elliott J Price
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Janků
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Klánová
- RECETOX Centre, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
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6
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Interest of high-resolution mass spectrometry in analytical toxicology: Focus on pharmaceuticals. TOXICOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET CLINIQUE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Erarpat S, Bodur S, Bakırdere S. Nanoparticles Based Extraction Strategies for Accurate and Sensitive Determination of Different Pesticides. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1370-1385. [PMID: 33576246 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1876552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Sample preparation methods have become indispensable steps in analytical measurements not only to lower the detection limit but also to eliminate the matrix effect although more sophisticated instruments are being commonly used in routine analyses. Solid phase extraction (SPE) is one of the main extraction/preconcentration methods used to extract and purify target analytes along with simple and rapid procedures but some limitations have led to seek for an easy, sensitive and fast extraction methods with analyte-selective sorbents. Nanoparticles with different modifications have been used as spotlight to enhance extraction efficiency of target pesticides from complicated matrices. Carbon-based, metal and metal oxides, silica and polymer-based nanoparticles have been explored as promising sorbents for pesticide extraction. In this review, different types of nanoparticles used in the preconcentration of pesticides in various samples are outlined and examined. Latest studies in the literature are discussed in terms of their instrumental detection, sample matrix and limit of detection values. Novel strategies and future directions of nanoparticles used in the extraction and preconcentration of pesticides are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezin Erarpat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Bodur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey.,Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Ankara, Turkey
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8
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Trujillo-Rodríguez MJ, Pacheco-Fernández I, Taima-Mancera I, Díaz JHA, Pino V. Evolution and current advances in sorbent-based microextraction configurations. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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An integrated extraction method coupling pressurized solvent extraction, solid phase extraction and solid-phase micro extraction for the quantification of selected organic pollutants in air by gas and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Yin X, Fang B, Zhang X, Li J, Li Y. Salt‐assisted acetonitrile extraction and HPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS detection for residues of multiple classes of pesticides in human serum samples. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3534-3545. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue‐feng Yin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Bing Fang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐xu Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Jin‐wang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yi‐xuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing P. R. China
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11
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Automation of µ-SPE (Smart-SPE) and Liquid-Liquid Extraction Applied for the Analysis of Chemical Warfare Agents. SEPARATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/separations6040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing autosamplers are frequently applied only for subjecting the samples to the instruments for injection. In our study, we have set up a TriPlusRSH autosampler mounted on a GC-FID-MS/MS system using the new Method Composer and Script Editor software to automatize all necessary sample preparation steps and subsequent injection of samples in the field of chemical disarmament. Those include but are not limited to: liquid-liquid extraction, drying steps, solvent exchange, and µ-SPE. Tedious and error prone off-line steps are eliminated. In particular, when investigating highly toxic substances like chemical warfare agents or anticancer drugs, automation can help to minimize health risks for lab personnel. The setup engaged features brand new prototype equipment, e.g., a centrifuge to assist in phase separation for liquid-liquid extraction. Efficiency and accuracy of the automated methods were carefully evaluated and proven to outperform the respective manual steps after optimization, e.g., the processing time is up to 60% faster and recovery rates are doubled. The developed workflows can easily be adapted to other sample preparation protocols, e.g., determination of octanol/water partition coefficients, and be used amongst different instruments and chromatography data handling systems.
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12
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Wolf K, Bongaerts BWC, Schneider A, Huth C, Meisinger C, Peters A, Schneider A, Wittsiepe J, Schramm KW, Greiser KH, Hartwig S, Kluttig A, Rathmann W. Persistent organic pollutants and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in the CARLA and KORA cohort studies. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 129:221-228. [PMID: 31132656 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between several persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and type 2 diabetes have been found in humans, but the relationship has rarely been investigated in the general population. The current nested case-control study examined internal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and pesticides and the incidence of type 2 diabetes among participants of two population-based German cohort studies. METHODS We retrospectively selected 132 incident cases of type 2 diabetes and 264 age- and sex-matched controls from the CARdiovascular Living and Aging in Halle (CARLA) study (2002-2006, East Germany) and the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) study (1999-2001, South Germany) based on diabetes status at follow-up examinations in 2007-2010 and 2006-08, respectively (60% male, mean age 63 and 54 years). We assessed the association between baseline POP concentrations and incident diabetes by conditional logistic regression adjusted for cohort, BMI, cholesterol, alcohol, smoking, physical activity, and parental diabetes. Additionally, we examined effect modification by sex, obesity, parental diabetes and cohort. RESULTS In both cohorts, diabetes cases showed a higher BMI, a higher frequency of parental diabetes, and higher levels of POPs. We observed an increased chance for incident diabetes for PCB-138 and PCB-153 with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.50 (95%CI: 1.07-2.11) and 1.53 (1.15-2.04) per interquartile range increase in the respective POP. In addition, explorative results suggested higher OR for women and non-obese participants. CONCLUSIONS Our results add to the evidence on diabetogenic effects of POPs in the general population, and warrant both policies to prevent human exposure to POPs and additional research on the adverse effects of more complex chemical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Brenda W C Bongaerts
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Huth
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Wittsiepe
- Former: Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Karin Halina Greiser
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saskia Hartwig
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alexander Kluttig
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Pan M, Xiang P, Yu Z, Zhao Y, Yan H. Development of a high-throughput screening analysis for 288 drugs and poisons in human blood using Orbitrap technology with gas chromatography-high resolution accurate mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1587:209-226. [PMID: 30595433 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The screening analysis for drugs and poisons always symbolizes the capabilities of a forensic laboratory. Due to the rapid emergence of new compounds in clinical and forensic intoxication cases, sensitive and specific methods are necessary for the screening of wide range of target compounds. A novel high-throughput screening method has been developed for the toxicological analysis of 288 drugs and poisons in human blood using Orbitrap technology with gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). This method allows for the fast detection and identification of high-throughput forensically important drugs and poisons, e.g., drugs of abuse (cocaine, amphetamines, synthetic cannabinoids, opiates, hallucinogen), sedative-hypnotics, antidepressants, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pesticides (acaricides, fungicides, insecticides, nematicides), and cardiovascular agents in one single GC-Q Exactive run. After a simple extraction with ethyl ether and buffer, following centrifugation, the supernatant was injected into the system. For detection, spiked blood samples were analyzed by Orbitrap-GC-HRMS using an electrospray ionization in full scan mode with a scan range from 40 to 650 (m/z). The identification of drugs and poisons in the samples was carried out by searching the accurate molecular mass of characteristic fragment ions, ion rations and retention time (RT) against the in-house library that we developed with 70 ev electron energy. The limit of detection (LOD) for most compounds (249 in a total of 288 compounds) was below 100 ng/mL. For selectivity, no substances have been identified in drug-free blood samples from six different sources, and the method was suitable for the recovery and the carryover. The coefficient of variation (CV) of the RTs was below 0.99% in all reproducibility experiments. Mass accuracy was always better than 3 ppm, corresponding to a maximum mass error of 1.04 millimass units (mmu). The developed method was applied to 136 real samples from forensic cases, demonstrating its suitability for the sensitive and fast screening of high-throughput drugs in human blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiru Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, China; Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key laboratory of Forensic Medicine, 1347 West Guangfu Road, Shanghai, 20063, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key laboratory of Forensic Medicine, 1347 West Guangfu Road, Shanghai, 20063, China
| | - Zhiguo Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yunli Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key laboratory of Forensic Medicine, 1347 West Guangfu Road, Shanghai, 20063, China.
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14
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Wang X, Qi P, Wang X, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Xu X, Xu H, Zhang H, Wang Q. An efficient cleanup method coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for multi-pesticides residue analysis in complex plant matrices. J Sep Sci 2018; 40:2438-2450. [PMID: 28426177 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to develop an efficient cleanup method for multi-pesticides residue analysis in complex plant matrices, shallot, ginger, garlic, onion, leek, and celery. Column chromatography was used as the cleanup method and fabricated with florisil and graphitized carbon black as the adsorbents. The amount of the graphitized carbon black adsorbent and the choice of the elution solvent were systematically investigated for exploring the best combination. The target pesticides covered organochlorine, pyrethroid, and organophosphorus pesticides, and were 38 in total. The method validation and comparison were performed to verify its feasibility and advantages in operation convenience and purification efficiency. The method limit of quantitation varied from 0.01 to 0.03 mg/kg, which depends on the pesticides and the sample matrices. The recoveries of the pesticides ranged from 60.5 to 128% (RSD ≤ 19.0%) at the spiked concentration level of 0.01 (or 0.03) mg/kg and 62.9 to 130% (RSD ≤ 13.0%) at 0.1 mg/kg. Compared with the commercial cleanup solid-phase extraction cartridges, the present adsorbent combination displayed better purification effect and shorter sample pretreatment time, demonstrating potential application prospect in the complex matrix sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinquan Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Qi
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyun Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiahong Xu
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hao Xu
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Quality and Standard of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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15
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A novel approach for simultaneous determination of E/Z-fluoxastrobins in vegetables and fruits by UHPLC-DAD. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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16
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Fang J, Wu Q, Zhao Y, Zhao H, Xu S, Cai Z. Comparison of different mass spectrometric approaches coupled to gas chromatography for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in serum samples. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1040:180-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Lévy M, Fournier E, Heyrich Y, Millet M. Coupling ASE, SPE and SPME for the Extraction and Quantification of PAH in Passive Samplers and Biological Materials (Pine Needles). Polycycl Aromat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2016.1253595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Lévy
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health ICPEES UMR 7515 Group of Physical Chemistry of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eugénie Fournier
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health ICPEES UMR 7515 Group of Physical Chemistry of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yasmine Heyrich
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health ICPEES UMR 7515 Group of Physical Chemistry of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maurice Millet
- Institute of Chemistry and Processes for Energy, Environment and Health ICPEES UMR 7515 Group of Physical Chemistry of the Atmosphere, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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18
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Megson D, Reiner EJ, Jobst KJ, Dorman FL, Robson M, Focant JF. A review of the determination of persistent organic pollutants for environmental forensics investigations. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 941:10-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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19
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Geng D, Jogsten IE, Dunstan J, Hagberg J, Wang T, Ruzzin J, Rabasa-Lhoret R, van Bavel B. Gas chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/mass spectrometry for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in human serum. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1453:88-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Influence of pesticide physicochemical properties on the association between plasma and hair concentration. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:3601-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9442-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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21
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Yusa V, Millet M, Coscolla C, Roca M. Analytical methods for human biomonitoring of pesticides. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 891:15-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Wittsiepe J, Fobil JN, Till H, Burchard GD, Wilhelm M, Feldt T. Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and biphenyls (PCBs) in blood of informal e-waste recycling workers from Agbogbloshie, Ghana, and controls. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 79:65-73. [PMID: 25797584 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The formation and environmental release of highly toxic organohalogen compounds associated with informal recycling of waste electric and electronic equipment (e-waste) is a growing problem at e-waste dumps/recycling sites (EWRSs) in many developing countries worldwide. We chose a cross-sectional study design to measure the internal exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) as well as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) of individuals working on one of the largest EWRSs of Africa, located at Agbogbloshie, Accra, Ghana, and in controls from a suburb of Accra without direct exposure to EWRS activities. In whole blood samples of 21 age matched male exposed individuals (mean age: 24.7 years, SD 6.0) and 21 male controls (mean age: 24.4 years, SD 5.7) 17 PCDD/F congeners were determined. Moreover three indicator PCB congeners (#138, #153 and #180) were measured in blood of 39 exposed (mean age: 27.5 years, SD 11.7) and 19 non-exposed (mean age: 26.8 years, SD 9.7) patients. Besides a health examination, biometric and demographic data, residential and occupational history, occupational exposures and working conditions were recorded using a standardized questionnaire. In the exposed group, median PCDD/F-concentrations were 6.18 pg/g lipid base WHO2005-TEq (range: 2.1-42.7) and significantly higher compared to the control group with 4.60 pg/g lipid base WHO2005-TEq (range: 1.6-11.6). Concentrations were different for 2,3,7,8-TetraCDD, three HexaCDD and all 10 PCDF congeners, indicating a combustion pattern. Using a multivariate regression analysis exposure to EWRS activities was the most important determinant for PCDD/F exposure. Median PCB levels for the indicator congeners #138, #153 and #180 were 0.011, 0.019 and 0.008 μg/l whole blood (ranges: 0.002-0.18, 0.003-0.16, 0.002-0.078) in the exposed group and, surprisingly, significantly higher in the controls (0.037, 0.062 and 0.022; ranges: 0.005-0.46, 0.010-0.46, 0.004-0.21). In a multivariate regression approach e-waste related activities had no positive influence on internal PCB exposure, but rather the time living in Accra. The internal PCB exposure is in particular notable for a country where PCBs have historically never been produced or used. The impact of EWRS activities on organohalogen compound exposure of individuals working at and living in the surroundings of the Agbogbloshie EWRS, and the surprisingly high PCB exposure of people living in Accra not involved in e-waste activities require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Wittsiepe
- Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Julius N Fobil
- Department of Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG13, Legon, Ghana
| | - Holger Till
- GIZ-Regional Coordination Unit for HIV & TB (GiZ-ReCHT), P.O. Box 9698, K.I.A. 32, Cantonment Crescent, Cantonment, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gerd-Dieter Burchard
- Clinical Research Unit, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wilhelm
- Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Torsten Feldt
- Clinical Research Unit, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany; Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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23
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Lee PHM, Tang HPO. Multi-Pesticide Analysis in Sediment by GC-EI-MS/MS Using Programmed Temperature Vaporization–Large Volume Injection Technique. Chromatographia 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-015-2876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Zheng G, Han C, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhu M, Wang C, Shen Y. Multiresidue analysis of 30 organochlorine pesticides in milk and milk powder by gel permeation chromatography-solid phase extraction-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:6016-26. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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