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Zhao FF, Wang XL, Lei YT, Li HQ, Li ZM, Hao XX, Ma WW, Wu YH, Wang SY. A systematic review: on the mercaptoacid metabolites of acrylamide, N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:88350-88365. [PMID: 37458885 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide is widely found in a variety of fried foods and cigarettes and is not only neurotoxic and carcinogenic, but also has many potential toxic effects. The current assessment of acrylamide intake through dietary questionnaires is confounded by a variety of factors, which poses limitations to safety assessment. In this review, we focus on the levels of AAMA, the urinary metabolite of acrylamide in humans, and its association with other diseases, and discuss the current research gaps in AAMA and the future needs. We reviewed a total of 25 studies from eight countries. In the general population, urinary AAMA levels were higher in smokers than in non-smokers, and higher in children than in adults; the highest levels of AAMA were found in the population from Spain, compared with the general population from other countries. In addition, AAMA is associated with several diseases, especially cardiovascular system diseases. Therefore, AAMA, as a biomarker of internal human exposure, can reflect acrylamide intake in the short term, which is of great significance for tracing acrylamide-containing foods and setting the allowable intake of acrylamide in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Zhao
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ting Lei
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Qiu Li
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ming Li
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Hao
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Ma
- Harbin Railway Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Hui Wu
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nan gang District, Harbin, 150086, People's Republic of China.
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Chen S, Wan Y, Qian X, Wang A, Mahai G, Li Y, Xu S, Xia W. Urinary metabolites of multiple volatile organic compounds, oxidative stress biomarkers, and gestational diabetes mellitus: Association analyses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162370. [PMID: 36842580 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds are ubiquitous in the environment, which may cause various adverse health effects. The objectives of this study were to investigate associations of single and mixture of urinary metabolites of volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk, and examine the possible role of oxidative stress in the associations. This nested case-control study included 454 GDM cases and 454 healthy controls matched by maternal age and infant sex. Urinary concentrations of twenty-one mVOCs and three oxidative stress biomarkers (including 8-OHdG, 8-OHG, and HNEMA), in early pregnancy were measured. Analyses using logistic regression model showed that an interquartile range increase in urinary concentrations of six individual mVOCs (ATCA, BPMA, CEMA, 3HPMA, MU, and TGA) were significantly associated with increased odds of GDM by 19-27%. Weighted quantile sum regression analyses showed that in each quartile increment of the mixture of mVOCs, the odds of GDM increased by 39% (95% CI: 16%, 67%), with 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid weighted the most in the associations (weight: 25%). Furthermore, significant associations of the oxidative stress biomarkers with both GDM and certain mVOCs were observed. These results suggested that certain urinary mVOCs (correspondingly, the parent VOCs such as 1-bromopropane, cyanide, and benzene should be concerned as priority ones for regulation and policy making) in early pregnancy were significantly associated with elevated GDM incidence, and the associations were potentially related with oxidative stress biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430024, PR China.
| | - Xi Qian
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - Aizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - Gaga Mahai
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
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3
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Jodeh S, Chakir A, Hanbali G, Roth E, Eid A. Method Development for Detecting Low Level Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) among Workers and Residents from a Carpentry Work Shop in a Palestinian Village. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20095613. [PMID: 37174133 PMCID: PMC10178486 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are considered a major public health concern in industrial location areas. The presence of exposure to (VOCs) has raised concern regarding the health effects caused by chronic human exposure as this will increase cancer diseases in the village. An analytical method has been developed and modified to help us detect 38 VOCs in the blood of 38 volunteers who are related to a carpentry shop at the parts-per-trillion level. To measure and evaluate the potential risk, several devices, such as portable passive monitors and air-collected samples, in addition to blood concentration, were used to study three different occupational groups. Ten of the volunteers are employees at the shop, 10 volunteers live very close to the shop, and 10 of them are students in an elementary school very close to the shop. In this study, we developed an automated analytical method using headspace (HS) together with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) connected to capillary gas chromatography (GC) equipped with quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS). The detection limits for the method used were measured in the range from 0.001 to 0.15 ng/L, using linear calibration curves that have three orders of magnitude. The detected concentrations ranged from 3 ng L-1 for trichloroethene to 91 ng L-1 for toluene and 270 ng L-1 for 2,4-diisocyanate, which was derived from the paint solvents used for the wood in the carpentry shop and the paints on the walls. More than half of all assessed species (80%) had mean concentration values less than 50 ng L-1, which is the maximum allowed for most VOCs. The major chemical types among the compounds quantified will be those we found in our previous study in the surrounding air of a carpentry workshop in Deir Ballout in Palestine, which were toluene diisocyanate and butyl cyanate. Some were found to be highly present air. Most of the measurements were below the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). Despite the fact that this study only involved a small number of smokers, smoking was found to be connected with several blood and breath components. This group includes unsaturated hydrocarbons (1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2-butene), furans (2,5-dimethylfuran), and acetonitrile. The proposed classification of measured species into systemic (blood-borne) and exogenous volatiles is strictly hypothetical, as some species may have several origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehdeh Jodeh
- Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
| | - Abdelkhaleq Chakir
- Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique GSMA, UMR CNRS 7331, Université de Reims, Moulin de la Housse B.P. 1039, CEDEX 02, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Ghadir Hanbali
- Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
| | - Estelle Roth
- Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique GSMA, UMR CNRS 7331, Université de Reims, Moulin de la Housse B.P. 1039, CEDEX 02, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Abdelrahman Eid
- Department of Mathematics, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
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Li M, Wan Y, Qian X, Wang A, Mahai G, He Z, Li Y, Xu S, Xia W. Urinary metabolites of multiple volatile organic compounds among pregnant women across pregnancy: Variability, exposure characteristics, and associations with selected oxidative stress biomarkers. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 173:107816. [PMID: 36805810 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a group of pollutants pervasive in daily life with identified adverse health effects. However, no study has investigated the variability in VOC metabolites during pregnancy and their relationships with oxidative stress biomarkers in pregnant women. In the present study, the variability of 21 selected VOC metabolites was examined and their relationships with three selected oxidative stress biomarkers measured in spot urine samples at three trimesters of 1094 pregnant women were analyzed. Nineteen VOC metabolites were ubiquitous in the urine samples with detection rates ranging from 75.9% to 100%. Monohydroxybutenyl mercapturic acid (MHBMA) and s-phenyl mercapturic acid (PMA) had detection rates lower than 1.00%. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of the detected analytes at three trimesters ranged 0.07-0.24, and the concentrations were highest in the first trimester. Higher concentrations of some VOC metabolites were related with participant characteristics including higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), lower education level, unemployment during pregnancy, multiparity, and sampling season of summer or winter. In repeated cross-sectional analyses, interquartile range (IQR) increases in the 19 detected VOC metabolites were positively related with 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG), and 4-hydroxy nonenal mercapturic acid (HNEMA) with the estimates ranging from 9.00% to 204%. The mixture effect of the VOC metabolites on the oxidative stress biomarkers was further assessed using weighted quantile sum regression (WQS) models and the results showed that the WQS index of VOC metabolite mixture was significantly associated with 8-OHdG (β: 0.37, 0,32, and 0.39 at the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester, respectively), 8-OHG (0.38, 0.32, and 0.39) and HNEMA (1.21, 1.08, and 1.10). Glycidamide mercapturic acid (GAMA), and trans,trans-muconic acid (MU) were the strongest contributors of the mixture effect on 8-OHdG, 8-OHG, and HNEMA, respectively. Overall, urinary concentrations of the VOC metabolites during pregnancy were strongly associated with the oxidative stress biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - Yanjian Wan
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430024, PR China.
| | - Xi Qian
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - Aizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - Gaga Mahai
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - Zhenyu He
- Institute of Environmental Health, Wuhan Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430024, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (HUST), Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
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5
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Tierbach A, Groh KJ, Schönenberger R, Schirmer K, Suter MJF. Biotransformation Capacity of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Early Life Stages: Functionality of the Mercapturic Acid Pathway. Toxicol Sci 2021; 176:355-365. [PMID: 32428239 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life stages offer a versatile model system to study the efficacy and safety of drugs or other chemicals with regard to human and environmental health. This is because, aside from the well-characterized genome of zebrafish and the availability of a broad range of experimental and computational research tools, they are exceptionally well suited for high-throughput approaches. Yet, one important pharmacokinetic aspect is thus far only poorly understood in zebrafish embryo and early larvae: their biotransformation capacity. Especially, biotransformation of electrophilic compounds is a critical pathway because they easily react with nucleophile molecules, such as DNA or proteins, potentially inducing adverse health effects. To combat such adverse effects, conjugation reactions with glutathione and further processing within the mercapturic acid pathway have evolved. We here explore the functionality of this pathway in zebrafish early life stages using a reference substrate (1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, CDNB). With this work, we show that zebrafish embryos can biotransform CDNB to the respective glutathione conjugate as early as 4 h postfertilization. At all examined life stages, the glutathione conjugate is further biotransformed to the last metabolite of the mercapturic acid pathway, the mercapturate, which is slowly excreted. Being able to biotransform electrophiles within the mercapturic acid pathway shows that zebrafish early life stages possess the potential to process xenobiotic compounds through glutathione conjugation and the formation of mercapturates. The presence of this chemical biotransformation and clearance route in zebrafish early life stages supports the application of this model in toxicology and chemical hazard assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Tierbach
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,EPF Lausanne, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ksenia J Groh
- Food Packaging Forum Foundation, 8045 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - René Schönenberger
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,EPF Lausanne, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marc J-F Suter
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,ETH Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Tevis DS, Flores SR, Kenwood BM, Bhandari D, Jacob P, Liu J, Lorkiewicz PK, Conklin DJ, Hecht SS, Goniewicz ML, Blount BC, De Jesús VR. Harmonization of acronyms for volatile organic compound metabolites using a standardized naming system. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 235:113749. [PMID: 33962120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased interest in volatile organic compound (VOC) exposure has led to an increased need for consistent, systematic, and informative naming of VOC metabolites. As analytical methods have expanded to include many metabolites in a single assay, the number of acronyms in use for a single metabolite has expanded in an unplanned and inconsistent manner due to a lack of guidance or group consensus. Even though the measurement of VOC metabolites is a well-established means to investigate exposure to VOCs, a formal attempt to harmonize acronyms amongst investigators has not been published. The aim of this work is to establish a system of acronym naming that provides consistency in current acronym usage and a foundation for creating acronyms for future VOC metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise S Tevis
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sharon R Flores
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brandon M Kenwood
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deepak Bhandari
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Peyton Jacob
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Division of Cardiology, Clinical Pharmacology Program, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Division of Cardiology, Clinical Pharmacology Program, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pawel K Lorkiewicz
- American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Superfund Research Center, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Daniel J Conklin
- American Heart Association - Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Superfund Research Center, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maciej L Goniewicz
- Nicotine and Tobacco Product Assessment Resource, Department of Health Behavior, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Studies, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin C Blount
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Víctor R De Jesús
- Tobacco and Volatiles Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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7
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Hartwig A, Arand M, Epe B, Guth S, Jahnke G, Lampen A, Martus HJ, Monien B, Rietjens IMCM, Schmitz-Spanke S, Schriever-Schwemmer G, Steinberg P, Eisenbrand G. Mode of action-based risk assessment of genotoxic carcinogens. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1787-1877. [PMID: 32542409 PMCID: PMC7303094 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The risk assessment of chemical carcinogens is one major task in toxicology. Even though exposure has been mitigated effectively during the last decades, low levels of carcinogenic substances in food and at the workplace are still present and often not completely avoidable. The distinction between genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens has traditionally been regarded as particularly relevant for risk assessment, with the assumption of the existence of no-effect concentrations (threshold levels) in case of the latter group. In contrast, genotoxic carcinogens, their metabolic precursors and DNA reactive metabolites are considered to represent risk factors at all concentrations since even one or a few DNA lesions may in principle result in mutations and, thus, increase tumour risk. Within the current document, an updated risk evaluation for genotoxic carcinogens is proposed, based on mechanistic knowledge regarding the substance (group) under investigation, and taking into account recent improvements in analytical techniques used to quantify DNA lesions and mutations as well as "omics" approaches. Furthermore, wherever possible and appropriate, special attention is given to the integration of background levels of the same or comparable DNA lesions. Within part A, fundamental considerations highlight the terms hazard and risk with respect to DNA reactivity of genotoxic agents, as compared to non-genotoxic agents. Also, current methodologies used in genetic toxicology as well as in dosimetry of exposure are described. Special focus is given on the elucidation of modes of action (MOA) and on the relation between DNA damage and cancer risk. Part B addresses specific examples of genotoxic carcinogens, including those humans are exposed to exogenously and endogenously, such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and the corresponding alcohols as well as some alkylating agents, ethylene oxide, and acrylamide, but also examples resulting from exogenous sources like aflatoxin B1, allylalkoxybenzenes, 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline (MeIQx), benzo[a]pyrene and pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Additionally, special attention is given to some carcinogenic metal compounds, which are considered indirect genotoxins, by accelerating mutagenicity via interactions with the cellular response to DNA damage even at low exposure conditions. Part C finally encompasses conclusions and perspectives, suggesting a refined strategy for the assessment of the carcinogenic risk associated with an exposure to genotoxic compounds and addressing research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hartwig
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences (IAB), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Michael Arand
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Epe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, 55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine Guth
- Department of Toxicology, IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, TU Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gunnar Jahnke
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences (IAB), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Martus
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Monien
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Schmitz-Spanke
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Henkestr. 9-11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerlinde Schriever-Schwemmer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Institute of Applied Biosciences (IAB), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Adenauerring 20a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Pablo Steinberg
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gerhard Eisenbrand
- Retired Senior Professor for Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Kühler Grund 48/1, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany.
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8
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Konkle SL, Zierold KM, Taylor KC, Riggs DW, Bhatnagar A. National secular trends in ambient air volatile organic compound levels and biomarkers of exposure in the United States. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:108991. [PMID: 31835113 PMCID: PMC7294699 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to air pollution is a leading cause of global mortality. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are constituents of ambient air that could exert adverse health effects. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between VOC levels in ambient air and individual-level exposure to VOCs, as assessed by urinary VOC metabolites. METHODS Secular trends in 11 ambient air VOCs (2005-2013) and individual-level metabolites of 14 VOCs (2005-2014) were assessed using National Monitoring Programs (NMP) and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, respectively. To isolate environmental exposure, individuals reporting exposure to tobacco smoke were excluded. Quantile regression models were used to assess secular trends in VOC exposure, and survey-weighted regression models were built to identify factors associated with VOC exposure. RESULTS All annual levels of ambient VOCs decreased from 2005 to 2013 (Range: 12.5%-77.2%). However, 11 of the corresponding VOC metabolites increased during the same time (Range: 0.3%-53.6%). There was a proportional change in patterns of VOC exposure across NHANES waves, with the middle quantiles of exposure showing the largest increase. VOC exposures were significantly associated with age, sex, race, education, and physical inactivity, but not with secular VOC trends. DISCUSSION In the United States, individual-level exposure to several VOCs increased between 2005 and 2014 despite a decline in ambient air VOC levels. This inverse relationship suggests that ambient VOCs are not the primary source of VOC exposure, therefore, decreasing ambient VOCs alone may not be sufficient to protect against the adverse health effects associated with VOC exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Konkle
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Kristina M Zierold
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kira C Taylor
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Daniel W Riggs
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States; Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Louisville School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.
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9
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Chen M, Carmella SG, Li Y, Zhao Y, Hecht SS. Resolution and Quantitation of Mercapturic Acids Derived from Crotonaldehyde, Methacrolein, and Methyl Vinyl Ketone in the Urine of Smokers and Nonsmokers. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:669-677. [PMID: 31957442 PMCID: PMC7193944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Using improved HPLC analysis conditions, we report the separation of three isomers of mercapturic acid conjugates previously assigned in the literature only to 3-hydroxy-1-methylpropylmercapturic acid (HMPMA-1), a human urinary metabolite of crotonaldehyde. The new conditions, employing a biphenyl column cooled to 5 °C and eluted with a gradient of formic acid, acetonitrile, and methanol, allow the analysis of human urinary mercapturic acids derived not only from crotonaldehyde but also from its isomers methacrolein (3-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl mercapturic acid, HMPMA-2) and methyl vinyl ketone (3-hydroxy-3-methylpropyl mercapturic acid, HMPMA-3). The mercapturic acids were detected and quantified by LC-ESI-MS/MS using the corresponding stable isotope labeled mercapturic acids as internal standards. The analysis was validated for accuracy and precision and applied to urine samples collected from cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. Smokers had significantly higher levels of all three mercapturic acids than did nonsmokers. The results demonstrated that HMPMA-3 from methyl vinyl ketone comprised the major portion of the peaks previously ascribed in multiple studies to HMPMA-1. HMPMA-1 had concentrations intermediate between those of HMPMA-2 and HMPMA-3 in both smokers and nonsmokers. This study reports the first quantitation of HMPMA-2 and HMPMA-3 in human urine. The observation of higher levels of HMPMA-3 than in the other two mercapturic acids suggests a previously unrecognized potential significance of methyl vinyl ketone as a toxicant in smokers and nonsmokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglan Chen
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6 St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Steven G. Carmella
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6 St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yupeng Li
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6 St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yingchun Zhao
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6 St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 6 St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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10
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Abstract
The mercapturic acid pathway is a major route for the biotransformation of xenobiotic and endobiotic electrophilic compounds and their metabolites. Mercapturic acids (N-acetyl-l-cysteine S-conjugates) are formed by the sequential action of the glutathione transferases, γ-glutamyltransferases, dipeptidases, and cysteine S-conjugate N-acetyltransferase to yield glutathione S-conjugates, l-cysteinylglycine S-conjugates, l-cysteine S-conjugates, and mercapturic acids; these metabolites constitute a "mercapturomic" profile. Aminoacylases catalyze the hydrolysis of mercapturic acids to form cysteine S-conjugates. Several renal transport systems facilitate the urinary elimination of mercapturic acids; urinary mercapturic acids may serve as biomarkers for exposure to chemicals. Although mercapturic acid formation and elimination is a detoxication reaction, l-cysteine S-conjugates may undergo bioactivation by cysteine S-conjugate β-lyase. Moreover, some l-cysteine S-conjugates, particularly l-cysteinyl-leukotrienes, exert significant pathophysiological effects. Finally, some enzymes of the mercapturic acid pathway are described as the so-called "moonlighting proteins," catalytic proteins that exert multiple biochemical or biophysical functions apart from catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E Hanna
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M W Anders
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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11
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Jamin EL, Costantino R, Mervant L, Martin JF, Jouanin I, Blas-Y-Estrada F, Guéraud F, Debrauwer L. Global Profiling of Toxicologically Relevant Metabolites in Urine: Case Study of Reactive Aldehydes. Anal Chem 2020; 92:1746-1754. [PMID: 31854978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Among the numerous unknown metabolites representative of our exposure, focusing on toxic compounds should provide more relevant data to link exposure and health. For that purpose, we developed and applied a global method using data independent acquisition (DIA) in mass spectrometry to profile specifically electrophilic compounds originating metabolites. These compounds are most of the time toxic, due to their chemical reactivity toward nucleophilic sites present in biomacromolecules. The main line of cellular defense against these electrophilic molecules is conjugation to glutathione, then metabolization into mercapturic acid conjugates (MACs). Interestingly, MACs display a characteristic neutral loss in MS/MS experiments that makes it possible to detect all the metabolites displaying this characteristic loss, thanks to the DIA mode, and therefore to highlight the corresponding reactive metabolites. As a proof of concept, our workflow was applied to the toxicological issue of the oxidation of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids, leading in particular to the formation of toxic alkenals, which lead to MACs upon glutathione conjugation and metabolization. By this way, dozens of MACs were detected and identified. Interestingly, multivariate statistical analyses carried out only on extracted HRMS signals of MACs yield a better characterization of the studied groups compared to results obtained from a classic untargeted metabolomics approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilien L Jamin
- Metatoul-AXIOM Platform , National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics: MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE , 31300 Toulouse , France.,Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Toulouse University , INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , Toulouse , 31300 France
| | - Robin Costantino
- Metatoul-AXIOM Platform , National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics: MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE , 31300 Toulouse , France.,Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Toulouse University , INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , Toulouse , 31300 France
| | - Loïc Mervant
- Metatoul-AXIOM Platform , National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics: MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE , 31300 Toulouse , France.,Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Toulouse University , INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , Toulouse , 31300 France
| | - Jean-François Martin
- Metatoul-AXIOM Platform , National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics: MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE , 31300 Toulouse , France.,Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Toulouse University , INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , Toulouse , 31300 France
| | - Isabelle Jouanin
- Metatoul-AXIOM Platform , National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics: MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE , 31300 Toulouse , France.,Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Toulouse University , INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , Toulouse , 31300 France
| | - Florence Blas-Y-Estrada
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Toulouse University , INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , Toulouse , 31300 France
| | - Françoise Guéraud
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Toulouse University , INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , Toulouse , 31300 France
| | - Laurent Debrauwer
- Metatoul-AXIOM Platform , National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics: MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE , 31300 Toulouse , France.,Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Toulouse University , INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , Toulouse , 31300 France
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12
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Kuang H, Li Y, Jiang W, Wu P, Tan J, Zhang H, Pang Q, Ma S, An T, Fan R. Simultaneous determination of urinary 31 metabolites of VOCs, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, and trans-3′-hydroxycotinine by UPLC-MS/MS: 13C- and 15N-labeled isotoped internal standards are more effective on reduction of matrix effect. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:7841-7855. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Yon DK, An J, Ha EK, Jee HM, Izuhara K, Ono J, Jung YH, Lee KS, Sheen YH, Baek H, Han MY. Serum Periostin Is Negatively Correlated With Exposure to Formaldehyde and Volatile Organic Compounds in Children. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018; 10:716-721. [PMID: 30306752 PMCID: PMC6182191 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2018.10.6.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to tobacco smoke causing irritation and inflammation in the airways tends to reduce serum periostin concentrations in adults. We now investigate prospective cross-sectional study on 135 Korean students aged 7 years in the first grade who were participating in the Seongnam Atopy Project for Children's Happiness 2016 (SAP₂₀₁₆) cohort. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show significant inverse correlations between serum periostin concentration and exposure to xylene and formaldehyde in children. Our findings suggested the need for caution in using the serum periostin level as a marker for allergic diseases, since exposure to volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde may confound the interpretation of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Keon Yon
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jaewoo An
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun Kyo Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye Mi Jee
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan
| | - Junya Ono
- Research and Development Unit, Shino-Test Corporation, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Young Ho Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyung Suk Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Youn Ho Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heysung Baek
- Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Man Yong Han
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
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14
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Zainol Abidin N, Zainal Abidin E, Zulkifli A, Karuppiah K, Syed Ismail SN, Amer Nordin AS. Electronic cigarettes and indoor air quality: a review of studies using human volunteers. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2017; 32:235-244. [PMID: 28107173 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2016-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper is primarily aimed to review articles on electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) focusing on indoor air quality (IAQ) assessment that were conducted using human volunteers under natural settings that mimic actual vaping scenarios. Such studies may give a better representation of the actual potential exposure towards e-cigarettes emissions in indoor settings. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed search engine database. Search terms such as "electronic cigarette", "e-cigarette", "electronic nicotine delivery system", and "indoor air quality" were used to identify the relevant articles to be included in this review. Articles that involved human volunteers who were asked to vape in natural settings or settings that mimic the actual vaping scenario were chosen to be reviewed. The search yielded a total of 15 published articles. Eleven articles were excluded due to 1) unavailability of its full-text (n=1), 2) did not involve human volunteers (n=5) and 3) did not involve an IAQ study (n=5). Four articles were critically reviewed in this paper. RESULTS From the four selected articles, two of the papers focused on the determination of nicotine level released by e-cigarettes whereas the other two covered IAQ parameters namely; particulate matters (PM), propylene glycols, formaldehyde, metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Only two of the studies involved determination of biomarkers of exposure. The level of chemical contents released varied between studies. The differences in the brands of e-cigarette used, number of vapers recruited and the sensitivity of the methodologies employed in these studies may be the possible causes for such differences. However, studies using human volunteers conducted in a natural setting are more relevant to portray the actual exposure to vapors among e-cigarettes users and non-users compared to studies using a smoking machine/an exposure chamber. This is because such studies take into account the behavior of consumers and individual retention of nicotine. Such method will therefore avoid the possibility of overestimation in terms of exposures toward e-cigarettes users and non-users. CONCLUSION There are limited e-cigarette studies on the impact of IAQ performed using human volunteers in natural settings. The available studies however, provided inconsistent scientific evidence on the actual exposure towards the vapor contents as unstandardized methodology were used in conducting such research. Therefore, there is a need to conduct IAQ studies in natural settings by using a standardized protocol in terms of the number of vapers recruited, the size of the indoor settings, the methods used in detecting and quantifying the contents and levels of emissions and the sensitivity of the equipment used in analyzing the contents. This will help in better utilization of the findings from such studies for the use of risk assessment of the exposures towards e-cigarette emissions. There is also a need to emphasize that it is the onus of the manufacturers in providing and proving scientifically sound safety claims for their products prior to commercializing it in the market.
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15
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Cheng G, Zarth AT, Upadhyaya P, Villalta PW, Balbo S, Hecht SS. Investigation of the presence in human urine of mercapturic acids derived from phenanthrene, a representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 274:80-88. [PMID: 28693886 PMCID: PMC5584071 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are environmental carcinogens implicated as causes of cancer in certain industrial settings and in cigarette smokers. PAH require metabolic activation to exert their carcinogenic effects. One widely accepted pathway of metabolic activation proceeds through formation of "bay region" diol epoxides which are highly reactive with DNA and can cause mutations. Phenanthrene (Phe) is the simplest PAH with a bay region and an excellent model for the study of PAH metabolism. In previous studies in which [D10]Phe was administered to smokers, we observed higher levels of [D10]Phe-tetraols derived from [D10]Phe-diol epoxides in subjects who were null for the glutathione-S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) gene. We hypothesized that Phe-epoxides, the primary metabolites of Phe, were detoxified by glutathione conjugate formation, which would result ultimately in the excretion of the corresponding mercapturic acids in urine. We synthesized the four stereoisomeric mercapturic acids that would result from attack of glutathione on Phe-epoxides followed by normal processing of the conjugates. We also synthesized the corresponding dehydrated metabolites and sulfoxides. These 12 standards were used in liquid chromatography-nanoelectrospray ionization-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry analysis of urine samples from smokers and creosote workers, the latter exposed to unusually high levels of PAH. Only the sulfoxide derivatives were consistently detected in the urine of creosote workers; none of the compounds was detected in the urine of smokers. These results demonstrate a new pathway of PAH-mercapturic acid formation, but do not provide an explanation for the role of GSTM1 null status on Phe-tetraol formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Cheng
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Adam T Zarth
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, USA
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16
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Abraham K, Monien B, Lampen A. [Biomarkers of internal exposure to toxicologically relevant contaminants in food]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2017; 60:761-767. [PMID: 28516258 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-017-2558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of health risks resulting from the intake of genotoxic carcinogens in food depends essentially on a valid exposure assessment. The reliability of the external exposure estimation is restricted by various factors, e. g. inaccurate data from dietary protocols and variations of food contaminant contents. As an alternative, the individual internal exposure to genotoxic substances may be described by specific biomarkers in different matrices. For example, mercapturic acids formed after glutathione conjugation of electrophilic metabolites can be detected in the urine. This typically reflects the exposure to the parent compound over a period of one to two days. The determination of adducts in the blood proteins serum albumin (SA) and hemoglobin (Hb) allows for conclusions to be drawn about the external exposure within the last three weeks (SA) or within the last four months (Hb). Protein adducts are used routinely in occupational medicine as biomarkers of internal exposure to substances in the ambient air of the workplace. The availability of increasingly sensitive analytical techniques also makes it possible to detect numerous adducts in proteins from human blood samples that are formed after the continuous intake of very small doses of toxic substances from foods. Here, we present the current state of science exemplified by protein adducts of the food contaminants acrylamide, aflatoxin B1 and glycidol. The biomarker can be used in the future to investigate previously unknown relationships between internal exposure and disease incidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Abraham
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Bernhard Monien
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Deutschland
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17
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Gonçalves ES, Borges RM, Carvalho LVBD, Alves SR, André LC, Moreira JC. Estratégias analíticas com cromatografia e espectrometria de massas para biomonitorização da exposição ao benzeno pela determinação do ácido S-fenilmercaptúrico urinário. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE OCUPACIONAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/2317-6369000127615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Introdução: o benzeno é uma substância de reconhecida toxicidade e sua biomonitorização torna-se fundamental para a prevenção de danos à saúde humana, principalmente em situações de exposição ocupacional. Dentre os biomarcadores de exposição, o ácido S-fenilmercaptúrico é considerado o único específico, mas, devido a suas baixas concentrações na urina, é requerido o uso de técnicas analíticas sensíveis capazes de quantificar traços. Objetivo: revisar metodologias baseadas na cromatografia e na espectrometria de massas para a determinação do ácido S-fenilmercaptúrico. Método: revisão da literatura sobre a determinação do ácido S-fenilmercaptúrico urinário por técnicas de cromatografia e espectrometria de massas, nas principais bases de dados científicas, considerando o período entre 1951 e 2015. Resultados: 120 documentos serviram como base teórica para a construção desta revisão. A técnica analítica mais empregada foi o acoplamento da cromatografia a líquido com a espectrometria de massas. Contudo, os métodos diferem quanto ao preparo das amostras. Conclusão: o alto custo de aquisição e a manutenção de equipamentos são fatores limitantes para a difusão dos sistemas de cromatografia e espectrometria de massas. No entanto, sua elevada sensibilidade e seletividade faz com que essas técnicas, acopladas, possibilitem elucidar situações de exposição ocupacional e ambiental a poluentes, como o benzeno.
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Kumagai Y, Abiko Y. Environmental Electrophiles: Protein Adducts, Modulation of Redox Signaling, and Interaction with Persulfides/Polysulfides. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 30:203-219. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Section, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yumi Abiko
- Environmental Biology Section, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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19
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Simple and Fast Determination of Acrylamide and Metabolites in Potato Chips and Grilled Asparagus by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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A method for quantification of volatile organic compounds in blood by SPME-GC–MS/MS with broader application: From non-occupational exposure population to exposure studies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 992:76-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Hecht SS, Koh WP, Wang R, Chen M, Carmella SG, Murphy SE, Yuan JM. Elevated levels of mercapturic acids of acrolein and crotonaldehyde in the urine of Chinese women in Singapore who regularly cook at home. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120023. [PMID: 25807518 PMCID: PMC4373935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is unusually common among non-smoking women in Southeastern Asia but the causes of this frequently fatal disease are not well understood. Several epidemiology studies indicate that inhalation of fumes from high temperature Chinese style cooking with a wok may be a cause. Only one previous study investigated uptake of potential toxicants and carcinogens by women who cook with a wok. We enrolled three-hundred twenty-eight non-smoking women from Singapore for this study. Each provided a spot urine sample and answered a questionnaire concerning their cooking habits and other factors. The urine samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for mercapturic acid metabolites of acrolein (3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid), crotonaldehyde (3-hydroxy-1-methylpropylmercapturic acid), and benzene (S-phenylmercapturic acid), accepted biomarkers of uptake of these toxic and carcinogenic compounds. We observed statistically significant effects of wok cooking frequency on levels of 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid and 3-hydroxy-1-methylpropylmercapturic acid, but not S-phenylmercapturic acid. Women who cooked greater than 7 times per week had a geometric mean of 2600 (95% CI, 2189-3090) pmol/mg creatinine 3-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid compared to 1901 (95% CI, 1510-2395) pmol/mg creatinine when cooking less than once per week (P for trend 0.018). The corresponding values for 3-hydroxy-1-methylpropylmercapturic acid were 1167 (95% CI, 1022-1332) and 894 (95% CI, 749-1067) pmol/mg creatinine (P for trend 0.008). We conclude that frequent wok cooking leads to elevated exposure to the toxicants acrolein and crotonaldehyde, but not benzene. Kitchens should be properly ventilated to decrease exposure to potentially toxic and carcinogenic fumes produced during Chinese style wok cooking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Renwei Wang
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Menglan Chen
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Carmella
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sharon E. Murphy
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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