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Ma J, Wei Y, Sun J, Tan F, Liu P, Qin G. Toxicological safety assessment of a water extract of Lithocarpus litseifolius by a 90-day repeated oral toxicity study in rats. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1385550. [PMID: 38966554 PMCID: PMC11222330 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1385550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lithocarpus litseifolius although known as "Sweet Tea" (ST), has been traditionally accepted as a daily beverage and used as a folk medicine in southern China with little understanding of its potential toxicity. This study evaluated the safety of a water extract of ST by a subchronic toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats. A total of 80 rats were randomized divided into 4 groups with 10 males and 10 females in each group, treated with 2000, 1,000, 500 and 0 mg/kg body weight of ST extract by gavage for 90 days, respectively. The results of the study showed that ST extract did not induce treatment-related changes in the body and organ weight, food intake, blood hematology and serum biochemistry, urine indices, and histopathology in rats. The NOAEL of ST extract was observed to be 2000 mg/kg/day for rats of both sexes. These results indicated that ST extract was of low toxicity in the experimental conditions of the current study and had the potential for application in food-related products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yujia Wei
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | | | | | | | - Guangqiu Qin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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2
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Zhang Q, Wang L, Zhao Y. An Overview of Lithocarpus polystachyus, with Dihydrochalcones as Natural-Derived Bioactive Compounds. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2101063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qili Zhang
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zi bo, China
| | - Li Wang
- Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Deparment, Jinan Center for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, China
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zi bo, China
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3
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Zhu Y, Wang W, Huang Q, Hu C, Sang S. Metabolic Investigation on the Interaction Mechanism between Dietary Dihydrochalcone Intake and Lipid Peroxidation Product Acrolein Reduction. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2101107. [PMID: 35194934 PMCID: PMC9081224 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Acrolein (ACR), a lipid peroxidation product, pathologically participates in various chronic diseases. In vitro evidence suggestes that dietary dihydrochalcones (DHCs) potentiate safe and alternative therapeutics to synthetic pharmaceuticals for ACR scavenging. Here, to investigate whether ingested DHCs could trap ACR and thereof result in reductions in endogenous ACR in mice is aimed. METHODS AND RESULTS Three doses of phloretin (25, 100, and 400 mg kg-1 ), a major dietary DHC, are orally administrated to mice and 24 h urine and fecal samples are collected, respectively. High-resolution MS-based targeted metabolomics reveal for the first time that phloretin and its oxidized metabolite are able to trap endogenous ACR via formation of ACR conjugates. Quantification further demonstrate that a) more than 13% of ingested phloretin can dose-dependently trap 0.77-9.92 nmol of ACR within 24 h; b) phloretin ingestion leads to marked reductions in both free ACR and ACR metabolites in mouse urine compared to control; and c) trapping reactions by phloretin can account for up to 20.1% of the total decreases in endogenous ACR, depending on the administration doses. CONCLUSION Findings from this study indicate that regular consumption of DHCs-rich diets holds great promise to alleviate the development of ACR-associated chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Zhu
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Weixin Wang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Qiju Huang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Changlin Hu
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
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Cambeiro-Pérez N, Figueiredo-González M, Pérez-Gregorio MR, Bessa-Pereira C, De Freitas V, Sánchez B, Martínez-Carballo E. Unravelling the immunomodulatory role of apple phenolic rich extracts on human THP-1- derived macrophages using multiplatform metabolomics. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111037. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Qiu H, Huang ZY, Cao H, Zhang Z, Ma J, Li XQ, Huang S, Li X, Qiu W, Zhao Z, Ji C, Huang L, Jiang W, Yang ZQ, Xian SX, Wu H, Lu W, Ding C. Deciphering mechanism of the herbal formula WuShen in the treatment of postinfarction heart failure. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 95:153878. [PMID: 34929563 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous clinical studies reported the effectiveness of herbal formula WuShen (WS) in treating cardiovascular diseases, yet relevant basic research was rarely conducted. METHODS AND RESULTS Twelve main bioactive compounds of WS decoction were identified using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. A total of 137 active compounds with 613 targets were predicted by network pharmacology; their bioinformatic annotation and human microarray data suggested that wounding healing, inflammatory response, and gap junction were potentially the major therapeutic modules. A rat model of post-myocardial infarction (MI) heart failure (HF) was used to study the effects of WS on cardiac function, adverse cardiac remodeling, and experimental arrhythmias. Rats treated with WS led to a significantly improved pump function and reduced susceptibility to both ventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation, and restricted adverse cardiac remodeling partly via inhibiting TGFβ1/SMADs mediated extracellular matrix deposition and Rac1/NOX2/CTGF/Connexin43 -involved gap junction remodeling. CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights that WS can be applied to the treatment of heart failure and the upstream therapy for atrial fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia through its preventive effect on adverse cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiliang Qiu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China; Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510020, P.R. China; Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco CA 94143, United States of America
| | - Zeng-Yan Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, P.R. China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, P.R. China
| | - Haiming Cao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China; Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510020, P.R. China
| | - Zezhao Zhang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China; Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510020, P.R. China
| | - Jin Ma
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China; Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510020, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China; Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510020, P.R. China
| | - Shen Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu 610081, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Li
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510020, P.R. China
| | - Wencong Qiu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510020, P.R. China
| | - Zicong Zhao
- Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, P.R. China
| | - Chunlan Ji
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China; Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510020, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Huang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China; Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510020, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China; Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510020, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou 510020, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Qi Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, P.R. China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Xiang Xian
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, P.R. China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, P.R. China
| | - Huanlin Wu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China; Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510020, P.R. China; Department of internal medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100000, P.R. China
| | - Weihui Lu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China; Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510020, P.R. China.
| | - Chunhua Ding
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, P.R. China; Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, P.R. China; Cardiac Department, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100049, P.R. China.
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6
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The Bioavailability, Extraction, Biosynthesis and Distribution of Natural Dihydrochalcone: Phloridzin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020962. [PMID: 33478062 PMCID: PMC7835879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phloridzin is an important phytochemical which was first isolated from the bark of apple trees. It is a member of the dihydrochalcones and mainly distributed in the plants of the Malus genus, therefore, the extraction method of phloridzin was similar to those of other phenolic substances. High-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC), resin adsorption technology and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to separate and purify phloridzin. Many studies showed that phloridzin had multiple pharmacological effects, such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycaemic, anticancer and antibacterial activities. Besides, the physiological activities of phloridzin are cardioprotective, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antiobesity, antioxidant and so on. The present review summarizes the biosynthesis, distribution, extraction and bioavailability of the natural compound phloridzin and discusses its applications in food and medicine.
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7
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Wei M, Tuo Y, Zhang Y, Deng Q, Shi C, Chen X, Zhang X. Evaluation of Two Parts of Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd. from Different Chinese Areas by Multicomponent Content Determination and Pattern Recognition. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2020; 2020:8837526. [PMID: 33163243 PMCID: PMC7604599 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8837526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to establish a new method using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) with chemometrics analysis to determine the content of catechin, isoquercetin, astragalin, phloridzin, trilobatin, and phloretin for one flavanol and five flavonoids, filter out the key compounds, and evaluate the quality of 26 batches of tender leaves and flower spikes of Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd. (LP) from ten areas in China. The result showed that the HPLC-DAD method had excellent performance for accurate quantification analysis. S3 (tender leaf from Lushan, Sichuan) had the highest contents for six measured chemicals with trilobatin content of up to 27.82% in dry weight. S22 (flower spike from Liangping, Chongqing) had the highest content of phloridzin (up to 7.28%). All samples were divided into three types based on spatial distribution using principal component analysis. The result showed that the tender leaves and flower spikes from the same areas had many similar properties, and there were significant differences between the samples from different regions. Furthermore, phloridzin and trilobatin were identified as chemical markers for quality evaluation of two parts with different tender leaves and flower spikes of LP from geographical areas by orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis. These results will be helpful to establish an effective and comprehensive evaluation system of the development and utilization of LP resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yangling Tuo
- People's Hospital of Luxian County, Luzhou 646100, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qi Deng
- Chengdu Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Care Technology Co. Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Cuiying Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xuexian Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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8
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Regioselective Hydroxylation of Phloretin, a Bioactive Compound from Apples, by Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13110330. [PMID: 33105851 PMCID: PMC7690628 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phloretin, the major polyphenol compound in apples and apple products, is interesting because it shows beneficial effects on human health. It is mainly found as a form of glucoside, phlorizin. However, the metabolic pathway of phloretin in humans has not been reported. Therefore, identifying phloretin metabolites made in human liver microsomes and the human cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes to make them is interesting. In this study, the roles of human liver P450s for phloretin oxidation were examined using human liver microsomes and recombinant human liver P450s. One major metabolite of phloretin in human liver microsomes was 3-OH phloretin, which is the same product of a bacterial CYP102A1-catalyzed reaction of phloretin. CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 showed kcat values of 3.1 and 5.8 min-1, respectively. However, CYP3A4 has a 3.3-fold lower Km value than CYP2C19. The catalytic efficiency of a CYP3A4-catalyzed reaction is 1.8-fold higher than a reaction catalyzed by CYP2C19. Whole-cell biotransformation with CYP3A4 was achieved 0.16 mM h-1 productivity for 3-OH phlorein from 8 mM phloretin at optimal condition. Phloretin was a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4-catalyzed testosterone 6β-hydroxylation activity. Antibodies against CYP3A4 inhibited up to 90% of the microsomal activity of phloretin 3-hydroxylation. The immunoinhibition effect of anti-2C19 is much lower than that of anti-CYP3A4. Thus, CYP3A4 majorly contributes to the human liver microsomal phloretin 3-hydroxylation, and CYP2C19 has a minor role.
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Yang JY, Zhong YT, Hao WN, Liu XX, Shen Q, Li YF, Ren S, Wang Z, Li W, Zhao LC. The PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling pathways are involved in the protective effects of Lithocarpus polystachyus (sweet tea) on APAP-induced oxidative stress injury in mice. RSC Adv 2020; 10:18044-18053. [PMID: 35517205 PMCID: PMC9053632 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00020e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) is a health issue that has gradually attracted attention, and is often regarded as a model of drug-induced hepatotoxicity. The leaves of Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd. (named as “sweet tea”, ST) usually serve as tea drink and folk medicine for healthcare in the southwest part of China. In previous reports, it has been proven to protect various animal models, except for APAP-induced liver injury model. Therefore, this study initially explored the protective effect of ST leaf extract (STL-E) on hepatotoxicity induced by APAP in ICR mice. STL-E of 50 and 100 mg kg−1 were given to each group for 7 days. ALI was intraperitoneally induced by APAP treatment (i.p. 250 mg per kg body weight). Biochemical markers, levels of inflammatory factors, histopathological staining and western blotting were used to analyze the inflammation and apoptosis of liver tissues. Interestingly, the treatment with STL-E significantly attenuated APAP-induced liver injury (p < 0.05). Moreover, STL-E partially mitigated APAP-induced liver injury by effectively activating the PI3K/Akt pathway and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. In a word, STL-E protected liver against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt-mediated apoptosis signal pathway and inhibiting the NF-κB-mediated signaling pathway. Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) is a health issue that has gradually attracted attention, and is often regarded as a model of drug-induced hepatotoxicity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Yang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 China +86-431-84533304 +86-431-84533304
| | - Yu-Te Zhong
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning 530200 China
| | - Wei-Nan Hao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 China +86-431-84533304 +86-431-84533304
| | - Xiang-Xiang Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 China +86-431-84533304 +86-431-84533304
| | - Qiong Shen
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 China +86-431-84533304 +86-431-84533304
| | - Yan-Fei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 China +86-431-84533304 +86-431-84533304
| | - Shen Ren
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 China +86-431-84533304 +86-431-84533304
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 China +86-431-84533304 +86-431-84533304
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 China +86-431-84533304 +86-431-84533304
| | - Li-Chun Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning 530200 China
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10
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Meng Y, Ding L, Wang Y, Nie Q, Xing Y, Ren Q. Phytochemical identification of
Lithocarpus polystachyus
extracts by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight–MS and their protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and
α
‐glucosidase activities. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 34:e4705. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Meng
- Department of PharmacyJining Medical University Rizhao Shandong China
| | - Lin Ding
- Department of PharmacyJining Medical University Rizhao Shandong China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of PharmacyJining Medical University Rizhao Shandong China
| | - Qi‐ting Nie
- Department of PharmacyJining Medical University Rizhao Shandong China
| | - Yang‐yang Xing
- Department of PharmacyJining Medical University Rizhao Shandong China
| | - Qiang Ren
- Department of PharmacyJining Medical University Rizhao Shandong China
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Chalet C, Hollebrands B, Duchateau GS, Augustijns P. Intestinal phase-II metabolism of quercetin in HT29 cells, 3D human intestinal tissues and in healthy volunteers: a qualitative comparison using LC-IMS-MS and LC-HRMS. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:945-952. [PMID: 30085847 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1509246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a large class of dietary molecules, among which quercetin is the most ubiquitous, which undergo an extensive intestinal phase-II metabolism. We compared the in vivo metabolism of quercetin in healthy volunteers with two in vitro models, HT29 cells and 3 D human intestinal tissues. Supernatants of the in vitro experiments and the human intestinal fluids (HIF) were analyzed by LC-IMS-MS and LC-HRMS in a qualitative way. Quercetin glucuronides, sulfates and their methyl conjugates were detected in all three systems. The metabolic profiles were found to be different, both in terms of the metabolites produced and their relative proportions. In particular, quercetin sulfates were almost absent in supernatants from HT29 cells incubations while they were a major metabolite in HIF and also found in 3 D intestinal tissues incubations. IMS provided structural information as well as a third dimension of characterization, while HRMS brought increased sensitivity and MS/MS confirmation. HT29 cells are a useful tool to generate phase-II metabolites but do not represent the in vivo situation. 3 D intestinal tissues appear as a more relevant tool to study the intestinal phase-II metabolism of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Chalet
- a Unilever R&D , Vlaardingen , The Netherlands.,b Drug Delivery and Disposition , KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
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12
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Liang J, Chen SX, Huang S, Wu YY, Zhou CJ, Jiang DX, Liang CY, Yuan HQ, Hou SZ, Lai XP. Evaluation of toxicity studies of flavonoid fraction of Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd in rodents. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 88:283-290. [PMID: 28697995 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety of flavonoid fraction of Lithocarpus polystachyus Rehd (Sweet Tea-F, ST-F) in mice and rats through acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies respectively. For acute toxicity study, a single dose of 5000 mg/kg of ST-F was given orally to healthy KM mice. The mice were observed mortality and toxic symptoms for 24 h, then once a day up to 14 days. In the sub-chronic toxicity study, ST-F was administered orally at doses of 0, 70, 140, 560 mg/kg/day to rats for 26 weeks. Body weight and food intake were recorded weekly. Hematological, biochemical, coagulation and organ parameters were analyzed at the end of 26 weeks administration. Vital organs were evaluated by histopathology. In the acute toxicity study, ST-F caused neither significant toxic symptoms, nor mortality in mice. In sub-chronic toxicity study, daily oral administration of ST-F at the dose of 70 mg/kg resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the relative body weight at the 10-week, and the same situation brought at the dose of 140 mg/kg/day at the 22-week. Hematological and biochemical showed significant changes (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) in WBC, GLU, ALP, AST and serum electrolytes levels at the dose of 560 mg/kg/day. The amount of RBC decreased significantly (P < 0.05) while the content of PLT slightly increased (P < 0.05) at the dose of 140 mg/kg/day. In additional, no obvious histological changes were observed in vital organs of ST-F treated animals compared to control group. The ST-F may be exit slight side effects at the dose of 560 mg/kg/day in rats. Thus, the overall results show that the no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of ST-F was considered to be 140 mg/kg for male SD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinals Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shu-Xian Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.600, Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Song Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinals Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ya-Yun Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinals Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cai-Jie Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinals Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dong-Xu Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinals Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chu-Yan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinals Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui-Qi Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinals Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shao-Zhen Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinals Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinals Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Zhao Y, Liu C, Lai X, Hou S, Zeng X, Li X. Immunomodulatory activities of phlorizin metabolites in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:49-53. [PMID: 28448869 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effects of two new phlorizin metabolites, phloretin 4-O-β-d-glucuronide (1), 6-methoxyl-phloretin-2-O-β-d-glucuronide (2), together with phloretin-2-O-β-d-glucuronide (3) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were determined. 1-3 (1-5μg/ml) significantly inhibited the production of NO (p<0.01). At the concentration of 5μg/ml, 2 and 3 further inhibited iNOS mRNA expression (p<0.01 or 0.05), and 1-3 inhibited iNOS protein expression (p<0.01). Conversely, they all promoted the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α mRNA expression (p<0.01). For IL-10 mRNA, 1 and 3, which are main metabolism forms in rat plasma, obviously promoted its expression (p<0.01), while metabolite 2, which was only detected in rat urine, showed inhibitory activity, but 1-3 alone without LPS stimulation had no effect on the expression of both TNF-α and IL-10 mRNA expression. 1 further inhibited VEGF, CCL2 and CXCL1 mRNA expression at the concentration of 5-25μg/ml (p<0.01). These results indicated phloretin's metabolites with different structural forms showed different immunomodulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhao
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Postdoctoral Research Station, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - ChunPing Liu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - XiaoPing Lai
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - ShaoZhen Hou
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xing Zeng
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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14
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Zhao C, Han LY, Ren W, Zhao HY, Han SY, Zheng WX, Pang LN, Li XH, Li PP. Metabolic profiling of tenacigenin B, tenacissoside H and tenacissoside I using UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1757-1765. [PMID: 27106066 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education); Beijing 100142 People's Republic of China
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine; Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute; Beijing 100142 People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yu Han
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Beijing 100700 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ren
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Beijing 100700 People's Republic of China
- Capital Medical University School of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Beijing 100069 People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Beijing 100700 People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Yan Han
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education); Beijing 100142 People's Republic of China
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine; Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute; Beijing 100142 People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education); Beijing 100142 People's Republic of China
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine; Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute; Beijing 100142 People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Pang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education); Beijing 100142 People's Republic of China
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine; Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute; Beijing 100142 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education); Beijing 100142 People's Republic of China
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine; Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute; Beijing 100142 People's Republic of China
| | - Ping-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education); Beijing 100142 People's Republic of China
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine; Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute; Beijing 100142 People's Republic of China
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Su XQ, Song YL, Zhang J, Huo HX, Huang Z, Zheng J, Zhang Q, Zhao YF, Xiao W, Li J, Tu PF. Dihydrochalcones and homoisoflavanes from the red resin of Dracaena cochinchinensis (Chinese dragon's blood). Fitoterapia 2014; 99:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Li Y, Wang H, Si N, Ren W, Han L, Xin S, Zuo R, Wei X, Yang J, Zhao H, Bian B. Metabolic profiling analysis of berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, coptisine and epiberberine in zebrafish by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Xenobiotica 2014; 45:302-11. [PMID: 25369727 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2014.979270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
1. Zebrafish has been used in metabolic study of drugs as a powerful tool in recent years. In this study, we make a feasible metabolism investigation of five protoberberine alkaloids (PBAs) applied in zebrafish model for the first time, including berberine (BBR), palmatine (PAL), jatrorrhizine (JAT), coptisine (COP) and epiberberine (EBBR). 2. After exposure for 24 hours, 19 metabolites were identified by LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometer, including 9 phase I metabolites and 10 phase II metabolites. Demethylation, hydroxylation, sulfation and glucuronidation were the major metabolic transformation of PBAs in zebrafish, which were similar to mammals. Compared with reported literatures, BBR and JAT showed high consistency between human and zebrafish in metabolic pathways. 3. To our knowledge, this is the first time to study in vivo metabolism of COP, which provides useful information to other researchers. 4. This study indicated that zebrafish model is feasible and reasonable to predict the metabolism of PBAs. It showed great potential for developing a novel and rapid method for predicting the metabolism of trace compounds of botanical drugs, with the advantages of lower cost, higher performance and easier set up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing , China and
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