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Hamsa A, Karumandampalayam Shanmugaramasamy K, Kariyarambath P, Kathirvel S. Quetiapine Fumarate: A Review of Analytical Methods. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 61:892-906. [PMID: 36519755 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2023]
Abstract
Atypical antipsychotics are newer second-generation antipsychotics with weak dopamine type 2 blocking but potent 5-HT2 antagonistic activity. They are considered first-line treatments for schizophrenia and gradually replace typical antipsychotics. Extrapyramidal side effects are minimal, and they tend to improve impaired cognitive function in psychotics. Quetiapine fumarate is an atypical antipsychotic drug used to treat schizophrenia, mania and depression in people with bipolar disorder combined with other drugs or alone. Quetiapine was developed in 1985 and approved for medical use in the USA in 1997. Thorough computer-aided literature, surveys revealed that numerous analytical methods were reported over the years. The present study reviews analytical methods with their validation parameters published during the last 22 years (1999-2021) either as a single entity or combination in dosage form, and determination from biological samples. Novel strategies for increasing separation quality, such as QbD analysis and green spectroscopy, were discovered during the evaluation, and this review can be utilized for further research reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsaana Hamsa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National College of Pharmacy, Manassery, Mukkam Post, Kozhikode, Kerala 673602, India
| | | | - Praseetha Kariyarambath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National College of Pharmacy, Manassery, Mukkam Post, Kozhikode, Kerala 673602, India
| | - Singaram Kathirvel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National College of Pharmacy, Manassery, Mukkam Post, Kozhikode, Kerala 673602, India
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El Zahar NM, Sutton JM, Bartlett MG. Assessment of brain-to-blood drug distribution using liquid chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5123. [PMID: 33783841 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of already existing and new drugs under development to the brain necessitates passage across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) with its tight intercellular junctions, molecular components and transporter systems. Consequently, it is critical to identify the extent of brain permeation and the partitioning across the BBB. The interpretation of brain-to-blood ratios is considered to be a significant and fundamental approach for estimating drug penetration through BBB, the brain-targeting ability and central nervous system (CNS) pharmacokinetics. Among the different bioanalytical techniques, liquid chromatography with various detectors has been widely used for determination of these ratios. This review defines the different approaches for sample preparation, extraction techniques and liquid chromatography procedures concerned with the determination of drugs in blood and brain tissues and the assessment of brain-to-blood levels. These approaches are expanded to cover the analysis of several drug classes such as CNS-acting drugs, chemotherapeutics, antidiabetics, herbal medicinal products, radiopharmaceuticals, antibiotics and antivirals. Accordingly, stability in biological matrices and matrix effects are investigated. The different administration/formulation effects and the possible deviations in these ratios are also disscussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M El Zahar
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Ras-Sedr, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt
| | - J Michael Sutton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Michael G Bartlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Poddar I, Callahan PM, Hernandez CM, Pillai A, Yang X, Bartlett MG, Terry AV. Oral quetiapine treatment results in time-dependent alterations of recognition memory and brain-derived neurotrophic factor-related signaling molecules in the hippocampus of rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 197:172999. [PMID: 32702397 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs (APDs) have a variety of important therapeutic applications for neuropsychiatric disorders. However, they are routinely prescribed off-label across all age categories, a controversial practice given their potential for producing metabolic and extrapyramidal side effects. Evidence also suggests that chronic treatment with some APDs may lead to impairments in cognition and decreases in brain volume, although these findings are controversial. The purpose of the studies described here was to evaluate one of the most commonly prescribed APDs, quetiapine, for chronic effects on recognition memory, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), its precursor proBDNF, as well as relevant downstream signaling molecules that are known to influence neuronal plasticity and cognition. Multiple cohorts of adult rats were treated with quetiapine (25.0 mg/kg/day) for 30 or 90 days in their drinking water then evaluated for drug effects on motor function in a catalepsy assessment, recognition memory in a spontaneous novel object recognition (NOR) task, and BDNF-related signaling molecules in the post mortem hippocampus via Western Blot. The results indicated that oral quetiapine at a dose that did not induce catalepsy, led to time-dependent impairments in NOR performance, increases in the proBDNF/BDNF ratio, and decreases in Akt and CREB phosphorylation in the hippocampus. These results indicate that chronic treatment with quetiapine has the potential to adversely affect recognition memory and neurotrophin-related signaling molecules that support synaptic plasticity and cognitive function. Given the widespread use this APD across multiple conditions and patient populations, such long-term effects observed in animals should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Poddar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Patrick M Callahan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Small Animal Behavior Core, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Caterina M Hernandez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Anilkumar Pillai
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Xiangkun Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Michael G Bartlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - Alvin V Terry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America; Small Animal Behavior Core, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America.
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Bhutani P, Rajanna PK, Paul AT. Impact of quercetin on pharmacokinetics of quetiapine: insights from in-vivo studies in wistar rats. Xenobiotica 2020; 50:1483-1489. [PMID: 32623931 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1792002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin (QCN) is commonly used in high doses as a dietary supplement for weight loss. Psychotic patients are at greater risk of developing obesity than the general population. The present study was designed to understand the impact of QCN on the exposure of quetiapine (QTE), an anti-psychotic drug with narrow therapeutic index and brain penetrating capability. The content of QTE in rat plasma was analyzed through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in exposure of QTE (peroral dosed) in the animals pre-treated with QCN as compared to the control group. All the animals pre-treated with QCN, succumbed to death within 3-5 min of intravenous dosing of QTE (1 mg/kg). The studies in rat liver S9 fraction indicated that QCN could increase the metabolic stability of QTE by inhibiting the activity of CYP enzymes. The brain to plasma ratio of QTE increased upon QCN pre-treatment (2.6 vs 7.7), which could be attributed to P-glycoprotein inhibition at the blood-brain barrier by QCN. The current set of studies indicated that serious herb-drug interaction between QCN and QTE might occur when they are co-administered. Caution is advised for concomitant use of QCN rich dietary supplements with QTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadeep Bhutani
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Rajasthan, India.,Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Syngene International Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Prabhakar K Rajanna
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Syngene International Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Atish T Paul
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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Yan H, Ji JJ, Xiang P, Shen M. Characteristics of quetiapine and 7-hydroxyquetiapine in hair roots and blood after a single dose of quetiapine. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 309:110189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chen X, Liang C, Cui L, Le J, Qian Z, Zhang R, Hong Z, Chai Y. A rapid LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of quetiapine and duloxetine in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic interaction study. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 27:323-331. [PMID: 30648587 PMCID: PMC9298631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Combinations of new antidepressants like duloxetine and second-generation antipsychotics like quetiapine are used in clinical treatment of major depressive disorder, as well as in forensic toxicology scenarios. The drug–drug interaction (DDI) between quetiapine and duloxetine is worthy of attention to avoid unnecessary adverse effects. However, no pharmacokinetic DDI studies of quetiapine and duloxetine have been reported. In the present study, a rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous determination of quetiapine and duloxetine in rat plasma. A one-step protein precipitation with acetonitrile was applied for sample preparation. The analytes were eluted on an Eclipse XDB-C18 column using the mixture of acetonitrile and 2 mM ammonium formate containing 0.1% formic acid at a gradient elution within 6.0 min. Quantification was performed in multiple-reaction-monitoring mode with the ion transitions m/z 384.4 → 253.2 for quetiapine, m/z 298.1→154.1 for duloxetine and m/z 376.2→165.2 for IS (haloperidol), respectively. Good linearity was obtained in the range of 0.50–100 ng/mL for quetiapine (r2 = 0.9972) and 1.00–200 ng/mL for duloxetine (r2 = 0.9982) using 50 μL of rat plasma, respectively. The method was fully validated with accuracy, precision, matrix effects, recovery and stability. The validated data have met the acceptance criteria in FDA guideline. The method was applied to a pharmacokinetic interaction study and the results indicated that quetiapine had significant effect on the enhanced plasma exposure of duloxetine in rats under combination use. This study could be readily applied in therapeutic drug monitoring of major depressive disorder patients receiving such drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolites Research, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Lijun Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine &Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Jian Le
- Shanghai Institute of Food and Drug Control, Shanghai 201083, China
| | - Zheyuan Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolites Research, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Runsheng Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Crime Scene Evidence, Shanghai 200083, China.
| | - Zhanying Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolites Research, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yifeng Chai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolites Research, Shanghai 200433, China
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Ayoub BM, Mowaka S, Safar MM, Ashoush N, Arafa MG, Michel HE, Tadros MM, Elmazar MM, Mousa SA. Repositioning of Omarigliptin as a once-weekly intranasal Anti-parkinsonian Agent. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8959. [PMID: 29895906 PMCID: PMC5997767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repositioning is a revolution breakthrough of drug discovery that presents outstanding privilege with already safer agents by scanning the existing candidates as therapeutic switching or repurposing for marketed drugs. Sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin & linagliptin showed antioxidant and neurorestorative effects in previous studies linked to DPP-4 inhibition. Literature showed that gliptins did not cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) while omarigliptin was the first gliptin that crossed it successfully in the present work. LC-MS/MS determination of once-weekly anti-diabetic DPP-4 inhibitors; omarigliptin & trelagliptin in plasma and brain tissue was employed after 2 h of oral administration to rats. The brain/plasma concentration ratio was used to deduce the penetration power through the BBB. Results showed that only omarigliptin crossed the BBB due to its low molecular weight & lipophilic properties suggesting its repositioning as antiparkinsonian agent. The results of BBB crossing will be of interest for researchers interested in Parkinson's disease. A novel intranasal formulation was developed using sodium lauryl sulphate surfactant to solubilize the lipophilic omarigliptin with penetration enhancing & antimicrobial properties. Intranasal administration showed enhanced brain/plasma ratio by 3.3 folds compared to the oral group accompanied with 2.6 folds increase in brain glucagon-like peptide-1 concentration compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam M Ayoub
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk city, Cairo, Egypt.
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk city, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Shereen Mowaka
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk city, Cairo, Egypt
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk city, Cairo, Egypt
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Safar
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk city, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmacology & Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk city, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini st., Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Ashoush
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk city, Cairo, Egypt
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk city, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona G Arafa
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk city, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk city, Cairo, Egypt
- Chemotheraputic Unit, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Haidy E Michel
- Pharmacology & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, El-Abaseya, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mariam M Tadros
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, El-Abaseya, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Elmazar
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk city, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmacology & Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk city, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, United States
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Poddar I, Callahan PM, Hernandez CM, Yang X, Bartlett MG, Terry AV. Tropisetron enhances recognition memory in rats chronically treated with risperidone or quetiapine. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 151:180-187. [PMID: 29175423 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
While impairments of cognition in schizophrenia have the greatest impact on long-term functional outcome, the currently prescribed treatments, antipsychotic drugs (APDs), do not effectively improve cognition. Moreover, while more than 20 years have been devoted to the development of new drugs to treat cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, none have been approved to date. One area that has not been given proper attention at the preclinical or clinical stage of drug development is the chronic medication history of the test subject. Hence, very little is known about how chronic treatment with drugs that affect multiple receptors like APDs influence the response to a potential pro-cognitive agent. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) partial agonist, tropisetron in rats chronically treated with APDs with distinct pharmacological profiles. Rats were treated orally with either risperidone (2.5 mg/kg/day) or quetiapine (25.0 mg/kg/day) for 30 or 90 days and then an acute injection of vehicle or tropisetron (3.0 mg/kg) was administered before training in a novel object recognition (NOR) task. After a 48 h delay (when recollection of the familiar object was impaired in vehicle-treated animals) neither 30 nor 90 days of risperidone or quetiapine treatment improved NOR performance. In contrast, tropisetron markedly improved NOR performance in rats treated with either APD for 30 or 90 days. These animal data reinforce the argument that two commonly prescribed APDs are not pro-cognitive agents and that α7 nAChR ligands like tropisetron have potential as adjunctive treatments in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Poddar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, Georgia
| | - Patrick M Callahan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, Georgia; Small Animal Behavior Core, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, Georgia
| | - Caterina M Hernandez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, Georgia; Small Animal Behavior Core, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, Georgia
| | - Xiangkun Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA 30607, Georgia
| | - Michael G Bartlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA 30607, Georgia
| | - Alvin V Terry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, Georgia; Small Animal Behavior Core, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, Georgia.
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Kim DW, Weon KY, Hong EP, Chung EK, Lee KT. Comparative Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Quetiapine and Its Active Metabolite Norquetiapine. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 64:1546-1554. [PMID: 27803466 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Quetiapine (QTP) is an atypical antipsychotic drug commonly used to treat several psychiatric disorders and is metabolized into the active metabolite norquetiapine (NQTP). This study was designed to evaluate and compare the physicochemical properties, metabolic stability, brain distribution, and pharmacokinetics of QTP and NQTP. Compared to QTP, NQTP had a higher pKa, solubility, and rat liver microsomal stability, optimal log D and similar log P values. For pharmacokinetic evaluation, QTP and NQTP were administered orally and intravenously to rats at various doses. The plasma QTP and NQTP concentrations in rats were determined by a fully-validated liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Over the investigated dosing range, both QTP and NQTP showed linear pharmacokinetics. Following oral administration of the same dose, the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) and maximum serum concentration (Cmax) were larger after NQTP administration compared to QTP administration. In addition, NQTP had a greater absolute oral bioavailability compared to QTP (15.6% vs. 0.63%, respectively). The brain-to-plasma concentration ratio was greater after NQTP administration compared to the QTP and NQTP ratios after QTP administration. NQTP administration results in increased systemic exposure and brain distribution compared to QTP administration. Future studies are needed to evaluate the pharmacologic and toxicologic effects of increased NQTP exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University
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Bhateria M, Ramakrishna R, Puttrevu SK, Singh R, Bhatta RS. Analysis of bacopaside I in biomatrices using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Pharmacokinetics and brain distribution in Swiss-albino mice. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 125:101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hooshfar S, Basiri B, Bartlett MG. Development of a surrogate matrix for cerebral spinal fluid for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry based analytical methods. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:854-858. [PMID: 26969926 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In recent years, several liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) methods have been reported for the quantitative determination of drugs and metabolites in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). Artificial CSF (aCSF) is often used as a surrogate for preparing calibration curves and quality control samples in these methods. However, aCSF does not accurately represent the composition of real CSF because it is missing all of the proteins and lipids, which may alter the electrospray ionization (ESI) response when performing LC/MS/MS analyses. In the current study we compared the mass spectral response of several compounds with a range of physiochemical properties in aCSF (essentially a mixture of salts and buffers), diluted plasma (ranging from 1:5 to 1:200) and real CSF to find the best surrogate for CSF in LC/MS/MS methods. METHODS A number of analytes from polar to non-polar, high protein binding to low protein binding, employing different sample preparation methods, were prepared in diluted plasma, actual CSF or aCSF and tested using LC/MS/MS. The analytes included cotinine and its metabolites, quetiapine, norquetiapine, chlorpromazine, efavirenz and lamivudine. The similarity of MS responses from these compounds in aCSF and diluted plasma to CSF was assessed by comparing the slopes of the calibration curves generated from using linear regression modeling. RESULTS For all compounds, the lowest percent difference in response ratio (0 to 17%) was observed from 1:200 diluted plasma. Our results indicated that, irrespective of the inherent physiochemical properties of the analytes or the method of sample preparation, 1:200 diluted plasma performed as the best surrogate for CSF in LC/MS/MS methods. CONCLUSIONS The percent difference in response ratio has been established to demonstrate how different compounds behave between CSF, aCSF and dilute plasma. Although among the compounds tested some of them showed a very similar MS response in actual and aCSF, there were analytes that demonstrated significant differences in ESI-MS signal when sprayed from these two matrices. However, even in such cases, 1:200 diluted plasma generated results with no significant difference from CSF. Therefore, we recommend that in order to develop robust and dependable bioanalytical LC/MS methods from CSF samples, it is more appropriate to prepare calibration curves and quality control samples in diluted plasma instead of aCSF. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Hooshfar
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-2352, USA
| | - Babak Basiri
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-2352, USA
| | - Michael G Bartlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602-2352, USA
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