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Reynolds CJ, Dyer RB, Oberhelman-Eaton SS, Konwinski BL, Weatherly RM, Singh RJ, Thacher TD. Sulfated vitamin D metabolites represent prominent roles in serum and in breastmilk of lactating women. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1929-1936. [PMID: 39024772 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concentrations of vitamin D (VitD) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in breastmilk are low despite the essential role of VitD for normal infant bone development, yet additional metabolic forms of vitamin D may be present. This study evaluates the contribution of sulfated vitamin D metabolites, vitamin D3-sulfate (VitD3-S) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-sulfate (25OHD3-S) for lactating women and assesses the response to high-dose VitD3 supplementation. METHODS Serum and breastmilk were measured before and after 28 days with 5000 IU/day VitD3 intake in 20 lactating women. Concentrations of VitD3-S and 25OHD3-S in milk, and 25OHD2, 25OHD3, 25OHD3-S, VitD3 and VitD3-S in serum were determined by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Baseline vitamin D status was categorized as sufficient (mean ± SD serum 25OHD3 69 ± 19 nmol/L), and both serum VitD3 and 25OHD3 increased following supplementation (p < 0.001). 25OHD3-S was 91 ± 19 nmol/L in serum and 0.47 ± 0.09 nmol/L in breastmilk. VitD3-S concentrations were 2.92 ± 0.70 nmol/L in serum and 6.4 ± 3.9 nmol/L in breastmilk. Neither sulfated metabolite significantly changed with supplementation in either serum or breastmilk. CONCLUSIONS Sulfated vitamin D metabolites have prominent roles for women during lactation with 25OHD3-S highly abundant in serum and VitD3-S distinctly abundant in breastmilk. These data support the notion that 25OHD3-S and VitD3-S may have physiological relevance during lactation and nutritional usage for nursing infants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roy B Dyer
- Mayo Clinic Immunochemical Core Laboratory, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ravinder J Singh
- Mayo Clinic Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, USA
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2
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Kim TK, Slominski RM, Pyza E, Kleszczynski K, Tuckey RC, Reiter RJ, Holick MF, Slominski AT. Evolutionary formation of melatonin and vitamin D in early life forms: insects take centre stage. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38686544 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin, a product of tryptophan metabolism via serotonin, is a molecule with an indole backbone that is widely produced by bacteria, unicellular eukaryotic organisms, plants, fungi and all animal taxa. Aside from its role in the regulation of circadian rhythms, it has diverse biological actions including regulation of cytoprotective responses and other functions crucial for survival across different species. The latter properties are also shared by its metabolites including kynuric products generated by reactive oxygen species or phototransfomation induced by ultraviolet radiation. Vitamins D and related photoproducts originate from phototransformation of ∆5,7 sterols, of which 7-dehydrocholesterol and ergosterol are examples. Their ∆5,7 bonds in the B ring absorb solar ultraviolet radiation [290-315 nm, ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation] resulting in B ring opening to produce previtamin D, also referred to as a secosteroid. Once formed, previtamin D can either undergo thermal-induced isomerization to vitamin D or absorb UVB radiation to be transformed into photoproducts including lumisterol and tachysterol. Vitamin D, as well as the previtamin D photoproducts lumisterol and tachysterol, are hydroxylated by cyochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to produce biologically active hydroxyderivatives. The best known of these is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) for which the major function in vertebrates is regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Herein we review data on melatonin production and metabolism and discuss their functions in insects. We discuss production of previtamin D and vitamin D, and their photoproducts in fungi, plants and insects, as well as mechanisms for their enzymatic activation and suggest possible biological functions for them in these groups of organisms. For the detection of these secosteroids and their precursors and photoderivatives, as well as melatonin metabolites, we focus on honey produced by bees and on body extracts of Drosophila melanogaster. Common biological functions for melatonin derivatives and secosteroids such as cytoprotective and photoprotective actions in insects are discussed. We provide hypotheses for the photoproduction of other secosteroids and of kynuric metabolites of melatonin, based on the known photobiology of ∆5,7 sterols and of the indole ring, respectively. We also offer possible mechanisms of actions for these unique molecules and summarise differences and similarities of melatoninergic and secosteroidogenic pathways in diverse organisms including insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kang Kim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Radomir M Slominski
- Department of Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics and Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Elzbieta Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Konrad Kleszczynski
- Department of Dermatology, Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, Münster, 48161, Germany
| | - Robert C Tuckey
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | | | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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3
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Reynolds CJ, Dyer RB, Vizenor BA, Koszewski NJ, Singh RJ, Thacher TD. Analysis of vitamin D 3-sulfate and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3-sulfate in breastmilk by LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1232:123954. [PMID: 38101284 PMCID: PMC10872384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Sulfated metabolites of vitamin D have been suggested to be in breastmilk, although current methods to measure sulfated vitamin D compounds in breastmilk by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) have not adequately accounted for increased aqueous solubility of these sulfated metabolites. The purpose of this study was to generate a method of LC-MS/MS for measuring vitamin D3-3-sulfate (VitD3-S) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-3-sulfate (25OHD3-S) specifically in human breastmilk. The resulting method uses methanol to precipitate protein and solid phase extraction to prepare the samples for LC-MS/MS. The limits of quantification for analytes in solvent were 0.23 ng/mL VitD3-S and 0.2 ng/mL 25OHD3-S. Various experiments observed concentrations ranging 0.53 to 1.7 ng/mL VitD3-S and ≤ 0.29 ng/mL 25OHD3-S. Both analytes were present in aqueous skim milk, demonstrating the enhanced aqueous solubility of these vitamin D sulfates. In conclusion, we describe an effective method for measuring VitD3-S and 25OHD3-S in breastmilk by LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen J Reynolds
- Mayo Clinic Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.
| | - Roy B Dyer
- Mayo Clinic Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Brady A Vizenor
- Mayo Clinic Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | | | - Ravinder J Singh
- Mayo Clinic Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Tom D Thacher
- Mayo Clinic Department of Family Medicine, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
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4
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Jones KS, Meadows SR, Koulman A. Quantification and reporting of vitamin D concentrations measured in human milk by LC-MS/MS. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1229445. [PMID: 38035362 PMCID: PMC10687194 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1229445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is essential for optimal bone health, and vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy, growth and developmental outcomes. In early life, and in the absence of endogenous vitamin D production from UVB light, infants are reliant on vitamin D stores established in utero and the vitamin D supply from human milk (HM). However, comprehensive data on vitamin D in HM is lacking. Thus, in this review we explore the application of liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to the assessment of vitamin D in HM. We discuss the challenges of extracting and measuring multiple vitamin D metabolites from HM including the frequent requirement for a large sample volume, and inappropriate poor sensitivity. Shortcomings in the reporting of experimental procedures and data analysis further hinder advances in the field. Data collated from all studies that have applied LC-MS/MS reveal that, in general, cholecalciferol concentration is greater and more variable than 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, and that the vitamin D content of HM is low and less than the currently recommended dietary requirement of infants, although maternal supplementation can increase the vitamin D content of HM. Improvements in analytical methods and their validation and larger, more representative studies are required to better characterize HM milk vitamin D metabolite concentrations and their relationship with maternal status. These data are essential to understand relationships with infant health and to inform public health policies around vitamin D fortification and supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry S. Jones
- Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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5
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Tuckey RC, Cheng CYS, Li L, Jiang Y. Analysis of the ability of vitamin D3-metabolizing cytochromes P450 to act on vitamin D3 sulfate and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 3-sulfate. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 227:106229. [PMID: 36455719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) is present in the human circulation esterified to sulfate with some studies showing that 25(OH)D3 3-sulfate levels are almost as high as unconjugated 25(OH)D3. Vitamin D3 is also present in human serum in the sulfated form as are other metabolites. Our aim was to determine whether sulfated forms of vitamin D3 and vitamin D3 metabolites can be acted on by vitamin D-metabolizing cytochromes P450 (CYPs), one of which (CYP11A1) is known to act on cholesterol sulfate. We used purified, bacterially expressed CYPs to test if they could act on the sulfated forms of their natural substrates. Purified CYP27A1 converted vitamin D3 sulfate to 25(OH)D3 3-sulfate with a catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) approximately half that for the conversion of vitamin D3 to 25(OH)D3. Similarly, the rate of metabolism of vitamin D3 sulfate was half that of vitamin D3 for CYP27A1 in rat liver mitochondria. CYP2R1 which is also a vitamin D 25-hydroxylase did not act on vitamin D3 sulfate. CYP11A1 was able to convert vitamin D3 sulfate to 20(OH)D3 3-sulfate but at a considerably lower rate than for conversion of vitamin D3 to 20(OH)D3. 25(OH)D3 3-sulfate was not metabolized by the activating enzyme, CYP27B1, nor by the inactivating enzyme, CYP24A1. Thus, we conclude that 25(OH)D3 3-sulfate in the circulation may act as a pool of metabolically inactive vitamin D3 to be released by hydrolysis at times of need whereas vitamin D3 sulfate can be metabolized in a similar manner to free vitamin D3 by CYP27A1 and to a lesser degree by CYP11A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Tuckey
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Chloe Y S Cheng
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Lei Li
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Alexandridou A, Volmer DA. Sample preparation techniques for extraction of vitamin D metabolites from non-conventional biological sample matrices prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4613-4632. [PMID: 35501505 PMCID: PMC9174318 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04097-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The determination of vitamin D metabolites as status marker or for diagnostic purposes is almost entirely conducted from blood serum or plasma. Other biological matrices, however, have also interested researchers, for two main reasons: (1) alternative matrices may allow non-invasive sampling, permit easier sample transfer and require less demanding storage conditions; and (2) the levels of vitamin D metabolites in other body compartments may further aid the understanding of vitamin D metabolism and function. Thus, the development of reliable and efficient sample preparation protocols for sample matrices other than serum/plasma, which will remove potential interferences and selectively extract the targeted metabolites, is of great importance. This review summarizes sample preparation methods for measurement of vitamin D metabolites using liquid chromatography-(tandem)mass spectrometry in more than ten different human tissues, including hair, saliva, adipose tissue, brain and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Alexandridou
- Bioanalytical Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietrich A Volmer
- Bioanalytical Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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7
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Alexandridou A, Schorr P, Stokes CS, Volmer DA. Analysis of vitamin D metabolic markers by mass spectrometry: Recent progress regarding the "gold standard" method and integration into clinical practice. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021. [PMID: 34967037 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry is firmly established today as the gold standard technique for analysis of vitamin D, both for vitamin D status assessments as well as for measuring complex and intricate vitamin D metabolic fingerprints. While the actual mass spectrometry technology has seen only incremental performance increases in recent years, there have been major, very impactful changes in the front- and back-end of MS-based vitamin D assays; for example, the extension to new types of biological sample matrices analyzed for an increasing number of different vitamin D metabolites, novel sample preparation techniques, new powerful chemical derivatization reagents, as well the continued integration of high resolution mass spectrometers into clinical laboratories, replacing established triple-quadrupole instruments. At the same time, the sustainability of mass spectrometry operation in the vitamin D field is now firmly established through proven analytical harmonization and standardization programs. The present review summarizes the most important of these recent developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pascal Schorr
- Department of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline S Stokes
- Food and Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Dietrich A Volmer
- Department of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Tuddenham C, Greaves RF, Rajapaksa AE, Wark JD, Zakaria R. Detection of Vitamin D Metabolites in Breast Milk: Perspectives and challenges for measurement by Liquid Chromatography Tandem-Mass Spectrometry. Clin Biochem 2021; 97:1-10. [PMID: 34419456 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast milk is an emerging matrix for vitamin D assessment of breastfed infants and their mothers. It is considered a more reliable indicator of infant intake than the assessment of maternal circulating vitamin D. With the improved sensitivity of mass spectrometry-based technologies, this method principle has been the recent mainstay for the quantitation of various vitamin D metabolites in breast milk for population-based clinical trials. There are still several areas across the total testing process (pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical) to be defined and harmonised to translate breast milk vitamin D measurement by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) from population-based research to routine clinical use and public health applications. Pre-analytically, the determination of the best form of vitamin D to measure in breast milk requires more evidence. Analytically, standardisation of the methods to allow for comparability of results is required. Post analytically, breast milk vitamin D decision limits are needed to turn the individual numerical outputs into clinically meaningful results. This review aims to synthesise the current evidence and utility of measurement of breast milk vitamin D by LC-MS/MS and to lead a future discussion on best practices to allow for its clinical utility beyond its current research-based use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlie Tuddenham
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia; Sonic Healthcare, Melbourne Pathology, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ronda F Greaves
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia; Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria Australia; Emerging Technologies Division, International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Anushi E Rajapaksa
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria Australia; New Vaccines, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Think Project Global, Clayton, VIC, Australia; The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The Royal Womens's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - John D Wark
- Royal Melbourne Hospital Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Bone and Mineral Medicine and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia
| | - Rosita Zakaria
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia.
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Vitamin D: Current Challenges between the Laboratory and Clinical Practice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061758. [PMID: 34064098 PMCID: PMC8224373 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a micronutrient with pleiotropic effects in humans. Due to sedentary lifestyles and increasing time spent indoors, a growing body of research is revealing that vitamin D deficiency is a global problem. Despite the routine measurement of vitamin D in clinical laboratories and many years of efforts, methods of vitamin D analysis have yet to be standardized and are burdened with significant difficulties. This review summarizes several key analytical and clinical challenges that accompany the current methods for measuring vitamin D. According to an external quality assessment, methods and laboratories still produce a high degree of variability. Structurally similar metabolites are a source of significant interference. Furthermore, there is still no consensus on the normal values of vitamin D in a healthy population. These and other problems discussed herein can be a source of inconsistency in the results of research studies.
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Huynh K, Kempegowda P, Tamblyn J, O' Reilly MW, Mueller JW, Hewison M, Jenkinson C. Development of a LC-MS/MS method to measure serum 3-sulfate and 3-glucuronide 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 metabolites; comparisons to unconjugated 25OHD in pregnancy and polycystic ovary syndrome. Steroids 2021; 169:108812. [PMID: 33636208 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D status is routinely assessed by measuring circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD2 or 25OHD3). However as deconjugation is not routinely incorporated into sample treatment prior to analysis, conjugated forms of 25OHD (particularly the more abundant 25OHD3) are often not considered in determining serum concentrations of total 25OHD. Two major circulating conjugated forms of 25OHD3 are 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-3-sulfate (25OHD3-S) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-3-glucuronide (25OHD3-G). Incorporating these two conjugated metabolites into the measurement of vitamin D status could improve our understanding of vitamin D status in health, particularly if there are changes in sulfation and glucuronidation activities. The aim of this study was to develop a liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) targeted method for measurement of 25OHD3-S and 25OHD3-G in serum to enable comparisons with circulating levels of the free 25OHD3 form. We developed and validated a new LC-MS/MS method that measured both 25OHD3-S and 25OHD3-G following a solid phase extraction sample preparation method. Partial separation of analytes by LC, and the separation of analytes by the optimized multiple reaction monitoring transitions enabled the quantitation of both 25OHD3-S and 25OHD3-G in the single method. Serum concentrations of 25OHD3-S (24.7 ± 11.8 ng/mL) and 25OHD3-G (2.4 ± 1.2 ng/mL) were shown to be a significant proportion of circulating vitamin D metabolites in healthy donor serums. These levels of 25OHD3-S and 25OHD3-G closely associated with 25OHD3 concentrations, r = 0.728, p = 0.001 and r = 0.632, p = 0.006 respectively. However in serum from pregnant women and non-pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) significant differences in the ratios between conjugated and free 25OHD3 were observed between pregnancy groups (25OHD3/25OHD3-S and 25OHD3/25OHD3-G p < 0.001), and between healthy and PCOS subjects (25OHD3/25OHD3-G p < 0.050). Development of this novel high-throughput LC-MS/MS method indicates that 25OHD3-S and 25OHD3-G are substantial components of circulating vitamin D metabolites. The concentrations of these metabolites relative to conventional 25OHD3 may vary in different physiological and pathophysiological settings, and may therefore play an unrecognized but important role in the actions of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Huynh
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - P Kempegowda
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Tamblyn
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M W O' Reilly
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J W Mueller
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - C Jenkinson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Yoshimura Y, Togashi M, Ogawa S, Higashi T. 3-Epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 is a poor substrate for SULT2A1: Analysis of its 3-sulfate in cord plasma and recombinant human SULT2A1 incubate. Steroids 2020; 162:108695. [PMID: 32649998 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A variety of metabolites derived from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], including its 3-epimer [Epi-25(OH)D3] and 3-O-sulfate [25(OH)D3-3S], is found in human plasma/serum. We hypothesized that the 3-O-sulfate of Epi-25(OH)D3 [Epi-25(OH)D3-3S] might be present in plasma/serum. Clarifying this point could improve our understanding of the metabolism of vitamin D3. In this study, we first carefully analyzed the cord plasma samples by derivatization-assisted liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and demonstrated the occurrence of Epi-25(OH)D3-3S in the plasma. However, the concentration ratio of Epi-25(OH)D3-3S to 25(OH)D3-3S (sulfated form) was infinitely lower than the ratio of Epi-25(OH)D3 to 25(OH)D3 (unconjugated form). To determine what caused this result, we next performed an in vitro experiment of the 3-O-sulfation for 25(OH)D3 and Epi-25(OH)D3 using the recombinant human sulfotransferase (SULT) 2A1. This in vitro experiment revealed that Epi-25(OH)D3 is a poor substrate for the 3-O-sulfation catalyzed by SULT2A1 as compared to 25(OH)D3. This substrate specificity of SULT2A1 would be the main cause for the result obtained from the analysis of the cord plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yoshimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Moeka Togashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shoujiro Ogawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 1 Sanzo, Gakuen-cho, Fukuyama-shi, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Higashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
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12
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Kowalówka M, Główka AK, Karaźniewicz-Łada M, Kosewski G. Clinical Significance of Analysis of Vitamin D Status in Various Diseases. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2788. [PMID: 32933052 PMCID: PMC7551674 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D plays a role not only in the proper functioning of the skeletal system and the calcium-phosphate equilibrium, but also in the immune system, the cardiovascular system and the growth and division of cells. Although numerous studies have reported on the analysis of vitamin D status in various groups of patients, the clinical significance of measurements of vitamin D forms and metabolites remains ambiguous. This article reviews the reports analyzing the status of vitamin D in various chronic states. Particular attention is given to factors affecting measurement of vitamin D forms and metabolites. Relevant papers published during recent years were identified by an extensive PubMed search using appropriate keywords. Measurement of vitamin D status proved to be a useful tool in diagnosis and progression of metabolic syndrome, neurological disorders and cancer. High performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry has become the preferred method for analyzing the various forms and metabolites of vitamin D in biological fluids. Factors influencing vitamin D concentration, including socio-demographic and biochemical factors as well as the genetic polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor, along with vitamin D transporters and enzymes participating in vitamin D metabolism should be considered as potential confounders of the interpretation of plasma total 25(OH)D concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kowalówka
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 42 Marcelińska Street, 60-354 Poznań, Poland; (M.K.); (A.K.G.); (G.K.)
| | - Anna K. Główka
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 42 Marcelińska Street, 60-354 Poznań, Poland; (M.K.); (A.K.G.); (G.K.)
| | - Marta Karaźniewicz-Łada
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Święcickiego Street, 60-781 Poznań, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kosewski
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 42 Marcelińska Street, 60-354 Poznań, Poland; (M.K.); (A.K.G.); (G.K.)
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13
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Sereshti H, Toloutehrani A, Nodeh HR. Determination of cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3) in bovine milk by dispersive micro-solid phase extraction based on the magnetic three-dimensional graphene-sporopollenin sorbent. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1136:121907. [PMID: 31835164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this research, a new magnetic sorbent material composed of three-dimensional graphene aerogel decorated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles attached to hollow sporopollenin exine capsules was synthesized and applied for extraction of vitamin D3 before HPLC-UV analysis. The adsorbent was characterized by FT-IR, SEM, VSM, and zeta potential techniques. The important parameters of the extraction process, including adsorbent dosage, desorption conditions, adsorption time, pH, and salt concentration, were investigated. Under the optimized condition, the method analytical figures of merit were evaluated as follows: linear dynamic range, 10-500 μg L-1; limit of detection, 3.01 μg L-1; determination coefficient (R2), 0.9960; intra-day RSD, 5.28%; and inter-day RSD, 8.17%. The applicability of the method was assessed for the determination of vitamin D3 in different unfortified and fortified bovine milk samples, and the recoveries in the 71.8-113.3% range with the RSDs within 1.4-7.0% were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sereshti
- School of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Hamid Rashidi Nodeh
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Industry, Standard Research Institute, Karaj, Iran; School of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Chai B, Gao F, Wu R, Dong T, Gu C, Lin Q, Zhang Y. Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimer's disease: an updated meta-analysis. BMC Neurol 2019; 19:284. [PMID: 31722673 PMCID: PMC6854782 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-019-1500-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to comprehensively explore the associations between serum 25(OH)D deficiency and risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease(AD). METHODS We systematically searched Pubmed, the Cochrane Library, Embase and the reference lists of pertinent review articles for relevant articles published from database inception up until January 2019. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with random effects models using the Stata 12.0 statistical software package. RESULTS Twelve prospective cohort studies and four cross-sectional studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled HRs of dementia and AD, respectively, were 1.32 (95%CI: 1.16, 1.52) and 1.34 (95%CI: 1.13, 1.60) for vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/ml). In the subgroup analyses, the pooled HRs of dementia and AD, respectively, were 1.48 (95%CI: 1.19, 1.85) and 1.51 (95%CI: 1.04, 2.18) for moderate vitamin D deficiency (10-20 ng/ml) and 1.20 (95%CI: 0.99, 1.44) and 1.36 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.84) for severe vitamin D deficiency (< 10 ng/ml). CONCLUSION There are significant associations between vitamin D deficiency and both dementia and AD. There are stronger associations between severe vitamin D deficiency (< 10 ng/ml) and both dementia and AD compared to moderate vitamin D deficiency (10-20 ng/ml).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Chai
- Department of Neurology,Gansu Provincial People’s Hospital, No.204, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu university of Traditional Chinese medicine, No. 35 of Dingxi East Road, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fulin Gao
- Department of Neurology,Gansu Provincial People’s Hospital, No.204, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu China
| | - Ruipeng Wu
- Department of Neurology,Gansu Provincial People’s Hospital, No.204, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu China
| | - Tong Dong
- Department of Neurology,Gansu Provincial People’s Hospital, No.204, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu China
| | - Cheng Gu
- Department of Neurology,Gansu Provincial People’s Hospital, No.204, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu China
| | - Qiaoran Lin
- Department of Neurology,Gansu Provincial People’s Hospital, No.204, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology,Gansu Provincial People’s Hospital, No.204, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu China
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15
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Jenkinson C. The vitamin D metabolome: An update on analysis and function. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 37:408-423. [PMID: 31328813 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Current understanding of vitamin D tends to be focussed on the measurement of the major circulating form 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) and its conversion to the active hormonal form, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2 D3) via the enzyme 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1). However, whilst these metabolites form the endocrine backbone of vitamin D physiology, it is important to recognise that there are other metabolic and catabolic pathways that are now recognised as being crucially important to vitamin D function. These pathways include C3-epimerization, CYP24A1 hydroxylase, CYP11A1 alternative metabolism of vitamin D3, and phase II metabolism. Endogenous metabolites beyond 25OHD3 are usually present at low endogenous levels and may only be functional in specific target tissues rather than in the general circulation. However, the technologies available to measure these metabolites have also improved, so that measurement of alternative vitamin D metabolic pathways may become more routine in the near future. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the various pathways of vitamin D metabolism, as well as describe the analytical techniques currently available to measure these vitamin D metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Jenkinson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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16
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Tuckey RC, Cheng CYS, Slominski AT. The serum vitamin D metabolome: What we know and what is still to discover. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 186:4-21. [PMID: 30205156 PMCID: PMC6342654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D, referring to the two forms, D2 from the diet and D3 primarily derived from phototransformation in the skin, is a prohormone important in human health. The most hormonally active form, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1α,25(OH)2D), formed from vitamin D via 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), is not only important for regulating calcium metabolism, but has many pleiotropic effects including regulation of the immune system and has anti-cancer properties. The major circulating form of vitamin D is 25(OH)D and both D2 and D3 forms are routinely measured by LC/MS/MS to assess vitamin D status, due to their relatively long half-lives and much higher concentrations compared to 1α,25(OH)2D. Inactivation of both 25(OH)D and 1α,25(OH)2D is catalyzed by CYP24A1 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 3-epimerase. Initial products from these enzymes acting on 25(OH)D3 are 24R,25(OH)2D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3, respectively, and both of these can also be measured routinely in some clinical laboratories to further document vitamin D status. With advances in LC/MS/MS and its increased availability, and with the help of studies with recombinant vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes, many other vitamin D metabolites have now been detected and in some cases quantitated, in human serum. CYP11A1 which catalyzes the first step in steroidogenesis, has been found to also act on vitamins D3 and D2 hydroxylating both at C20, but with some secondary metabolites produced by subsequent hydroxylations at other positions on the side chain. The major vitamin D3 metabolite, 20S-hydroxyvitamin D3 (20S(OH)D3), shows biological activity, often similar to 1α,25(OH)2D3 but without calcemic effects. Using standards produced enzymatically by purified CYP11A1 and characterized by NMR, many of these new metabolites have been detected in human serum, with semi-quantitative measurement of 20S(OH)D3 indicating it is present at comparable concentrations to 24R,25(OH)2D3 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3. Recently, vitamin D-related hydroxylumisterols derived from lumisterol3, a previtamin D3 photoproduct, have also been measured in human serum and displayed biological activity in initial in vitro studies. With the current extensive knowledge on the reactions and pathways of metabolism of vitamin D, especially those catalyzed by CYP24A1, CYP27A1, CYP27B1, CYP3A4 and CYP11A1, it is likely that many other of the resulting hydroxyvitamin D metabolites will be measured in human serum in the future, some contributing to a more detailed understanding of vitamin D status in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Tuckey
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Chloe Y S Cheng
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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17
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Recent advances in sample preparation and analysis methods for vitamin D and its analogues in different matrices. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Niu L, Li J, Gu R, Wu Z, Zhu X, Gan H, Ma B, Jia B, Wang F, Meng Z, Wang X, Dou G. An optimized LC-MS/MS method for determination of HYNIC-3PRGD 2, a new promising imaging agent for tumor targeting, in rat plasma and its application. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1095:142-148. [PMID: 30077094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
HYNIC-3PRGD2 is used to prepare a new 99mTc-radiolabeled tracer. HYNIC-3PRGD2, which has a high binding affinity for the integrin αvβ3 due to its special structure, has become a promising tumor imaging agent for diagnosis and monitor of the clinical response to therapeutic effects of anti-tumor agents. Here, we developed and validated a method for determination of HYNIC-3PRGD2 concentration in rat plasma using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system. Following sample extraction by methanol precipitation, satisfactory separation through chromatography was achieved on an hydrophilic reverse-phase C18 column AQ (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 2.7 μm) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL·min-1 with an gradient elution using mobile phase consisting of ultrapure water and acetonitrile fortified with 0.1% formic acid respectively. The calibration curve was developed over a linear range of 3.125-100 ng·mL-1 with the lower limit of quantification of 3.125 ng·mL-1. The HYNIC-3PRGD2 and its internal standard c(RGDfK)(RK5) were detected and quantified with the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode on a triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer. This method was successfully validated and applied for pharmacokinetic evaluation of HYNIC-3PRGD2 during pre-clinical experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Niu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ruolan Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhuona Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hui Gan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Baiping Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Bing Jia
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiyun Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine-Georgia Campus, Suwanee, GA 30024, USA.
| | - Guifang Dou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
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Shah I, Akhtar MK, Hisaindee S, Rauf MA, Sadig M, Ashraf SS. Clinical diagnostic tools for vitamin D assessment. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 180:105-117. [PMID: 28988826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in a plethora of diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and osteoporosis. Deficiency of this vitamin is a global epidemic affecting both developing and developed nations. Within a clinical context, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of vitamin D is therefore vital. The main metabolic markers for assessing vitamin D status in humans are the hydroxylated forms of vitamin D, 25OHD3 and 25OHD2 on account of their long half-lives within the body and excellent stability. An adequate level for healthy individuals of these hydroxylated forms is estimated to be around 20-40ng/ml of blood. There are three main analytical techniques for determining the levels of 25OHD3 and 25OHD2. The first technique is immunoassay-based and can be performed in a rapid, high throughput, automated manner, allowing as many as 240 tests per hour with the duration of each assay as little as 18min. Furthermore, it offers excellent sensitivity with a detection range of 3.4-156ng/ml. A major downside of immunoassays is that they are unable to distinguish between the various forms of vitamin D. While HPLC is a highthroughput low cost instrument it is not a very sensitive technique and cannot quantify the down stream metabolites of vitamin D. The third technique, namely liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/), provides excellent sensitivity with a wide dynamic range from 0.068pg/ml to 100ng/ml. Additionally, it offers a high level of separation and permits identification of vitamin D-related metabolites. However, a huge limitation with LC/MS/MS is their poor throughput for sample analyses. As yet, there is no analytical technique which combines the fine detection capabilities of LC/MS/MS and the rapid, automated format of immunoassay, for vitamin D analyses. Future attention therefore needs to be given to this area if the current clinical diagnostic tools for vitamin D analysis are to be further improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iltaf Shah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - M Kalim Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Soleiman Hisaindee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad A Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Sadig
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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20
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Shah I, Al-Dabbagh B, Gariballa S, Al-Menhali A, Muhammad N, Yasin J, Ashraf SS. Application of a new vitamin D blood test on the Emirati population. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 180:118-128. [PMID: 29432962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Research shows that immunoassay techniques are not the best choice for the estimation of vitamin D in human blood samples. The main reasons are that some immunoassays are not able to distinguish between 25-OHD3 and 25-OHD2 vitamin D metabolites. Furthermore, immunoassays cannot differentiate between 25OHD and inactive epimers of vitamin D. Vitamin D epimers and isobars have been known to overlap with the 25OHD signals and give false positives when tested. Liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) can differentiate between 25OHD3 and 25OHD2. Separating epimers and isobars (which have the same molecular weight) from vitamin D is achieved through chromatographic separation from actual 25OHD peaks, although this could also cause inaccuracies in vitamin D measurements. The main aim of this study was to develop and validate an improved LC-MS/MS method (using a Shimadzu 8060 system) that could accurately detect and quantitate up to 10 different metabolites of vitamin D, as well as differentiate the epimers and isobars. The secondary aim was to apply the developed LC-MS/MS method for the accurate measurement of blood vitamin D levels in the Emirati population. The Shimadzu 8060 system was run using positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI) in Dynamic Multiple Reaction Monitoring (DMRM) mode for quantification. The method involved blood sample collection from 80 Emirati volunteers, followed by serum extraction and liquid-liquid extraction. The chromatography column used for the analysis was an Ascentis Express F5. Precursor and product ions were detected using a Shimadzu 8060 LC-MS/MS system, and 10 metabolites of vitamin D were detected and quantified, including epimers and isobars. The method validation showed good sensitivity, recovery, linearity, precision, specificity, and accuracy. Furthermore, the data showed that vitamin D epimer 3-epi-25OHD and isobar 7-α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (7αC4) accounted for a significant portion of vitamin D results in the Emirati population. We report a more reliable, reproducible, and robust LC-MS/MS method for the accurate detection of 25OHD (vitamin D) in the Emirati population. The method has the capacity to detect and separate 10 metabolites of vitamin D as well as separate 25OHD from co-eluting epimers and isobars. The method has also been successfully implemented in gauging vitamin D deficiency in the Emirati population. Thus, this improved LC-MS/MS method could prove very useful in accurately estimating the levels of vitamin D in the Emirati population and in further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iltaf Shah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Bayan Al-Dabbagh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salah Gariballa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates; Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU)
| | - Asma Al-Menhali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Neak Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Javed Yasin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates; Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU)
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates
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21
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Jones A, Nair-Shalliker V, Dennis GR, Andrew Shalliker R. The future of liquid chromatographic separations should include post column derivatisations: A discussion view point based on the perspective for the analysis of vitamin D. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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22
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Simultaneous determination of 12 vitamin D compounds in human serum using online sample preparation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1533:57-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Kurogi K, Sakakibara Y, Suiko M, Liu MC. Sulfation of vitamin D3-related compounds-identification and characterization of the responsible human cytosolic sulfotransferases. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:2417-2425. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhisa Kurogi
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toledo Health Science Campus; OH USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences; University of Miyazaki; Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakakibara
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences; University of Miyazaki; Japan
| | - Masahito Suiko
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences; University of Miyazaki; Japan
| | - Ming-Cheh Liu
- Department of Pharmacology; College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Toledo Health Science Campus; OH USA
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Tabibian M, Torbati M, Afshar Mogaddam MR, Mirlohi M, Sadeghi M, Mohtadinia J. Evaluation of Vitamin D 3 and D 2 Stability in Fortified Flat Bread Samples During Dough Fermentation, Baking and Storage. Adv Pharm Bull 2017; 7:323-328. [PMID: 28761835 PMCID: PMC5527247 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2017.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Vitamin D, a fat-soluble secosteroid, has a significant role in bone metabolism and helps calcium absorption in the body. Since vitamin D concentration is altered in fortified foods and dietary supplements, the actual amount of vitamin D may differ from the label value.
Methods: In this study, the concentrations of vitamin D2 and D3 of fortified bread sample were analytically determined. For this purpose, dough or homogenized bread sample was saponified using potassium hydroxide solution (30%, w/v) at 80°C, and the saponified analytes were extracted into n-heptane followed by liquid-liquid extraction. Then n-heptane fraction was evaporated to dryness and the sample was reconstituted in methanol. The effect of different parameters was evaluated by one variable at one-time strategy.
Results: The analytes concentrations were evaluated in dough fermentation, baking and storage steps. The effect of temperature in dough fermentation and baking was evaluated at the range of 5-30 and 200-250°C, respectively. Also, the fermentation time was studied in the range of 0-120 min. The analytes concentrations were followed for 1 to 5 days after baking. The results indicated that dough fermentation temperature has no significant effect on the concentration of the analytes. On the other hand, when the dough fermentation time and baking temperature are increased, the analytes concentrations are decreased. Also, the storage duration of the spiked bread samples decreased the analytes concentrations after one day.
Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, baking the dough at high temperatures lead to decrease in vitamin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Tabibian
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Torbati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Mirlohi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Malihe Sadeghi
- Department Food Hygiene and Safety, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Javad Mohtadinia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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25
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Higashi T, Shimada K. Application of Cookson-type reagents for biomedical HPLC and LC/MS analyses: a brief overview. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Higashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tokyo University of Science; Chiba 278-8510 Japan
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26
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Higashi T, Yokota M, Goto A, Komatsu K, Sugiura T, Ogawa S, Satoh M, Nomura F. A Method for Simultaneous Determination of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 and Its 3-Sulfate in Newborn Plasma by LC/ESI-MS/MS after Derivatization with a Proton-Affinitive Cookson-Type Reagent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 5:S0051. [PMID: 27656337 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.s0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A method for the simultaneous determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] and its 3-sulfate [25(OH)D3S] in newborn plasma, which is expected to be helpful in the assessment of the vitamin D status, using stable isotope-dilution liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) has been developed and validated. The plasma was pretreated based on the deproteinization and solid-phase extraction, then subjected to derivatization with 4-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (DAPTAD). The derivatization enabled the accurate quantification of 25(OH)D3 without interference from 3-epi-25(OH)D3 and also facilitated the simultaneous determination of the two metabolites by LC/positive ESI-MS/MS. Quantification was based on the selected reaction monitoring with the characteristic fragmentation of the DAPTAD-derivatives during MS/MS. This method was reproducible (intra- and inter-assay relative standard deviations of 7.8% or lower for both metabolites) and accurate (analytical recovery, 95.4-105.6%). The limits of quantification were 1.0 ng/mL and 2.5 ng/mL for 25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D3S, respectively, when using a 20-μL sample. The developed method was applied to the simultaneous determination of plasma 25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D3S in newborns; it was recognized that the plasma concentration of 25(OH)D3S is significantly higher than that of 25(OH)D3, and preterm newborns have lower plasma 25(OH)D3S concentrations than full-term newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Higashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Mai Yokota
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Ayaka Goto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | | | | | - Shoujiro Ogawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Mamoru Satoh
- Divisions of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Chiba University Hospital
| | - Fumio Nomura
- Divisions of Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Chiba University Hospital
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