1
|
Saini A, Seni K, Chawla PA, Chawla V, Ganti SS. An insight into recent updates on analytical techniques for bioactive alkaloids. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:423-444. [PMID: 38369684 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alkaloids represent a wide class of naturally existing nitrogen-containing organic compounds having diverse biological activities. They are primary bioactive substances extracted from diverse plant parts. Due to their diverse biological activities, they are frequently used as medicines. The alkaloids have diverse pharmacological impacts on the human body; alkaloids are used for prevention, treatment, and reduction of discomfort associated with chronic illnesses. As most alkaloids exist in plants in complex form, combined with numerous other natural plant components, it is essential to recognize and characterize these molecules using different analytical techniques. OBJECTIVES We aimed to review the literature on the methods and protocols for the analysis of naturally occurring alkaloids. METHODS We carried out a literature survey using the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases and other relevant published materials. The keywords used in the searches were "alkaloids," "analytical methods," "HPLC method," "GC method," "electrochemical methods," and "bioanalytical methods," in various combinations. RESULTS In this article, several classes of alkaloids are presented, along with their biological activities. Moreover, it includes a thorough explanation of chromatographic techniques, hyphenated techniques, electrochemical techniques, and current trending analytical methods utilized for the isolation, identification, and comprehensive characterization of alkaloids. CONCLUSIONS The various analytical techniques play an important role in the identification as well as the characterization of various alkaloids from plants, plasma samples, and urine samples. The hyphenation of various chromatographic techniques with mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy plays a crucial role in the characterization of unknown compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Saini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Kushal Seni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Viney Chawla
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Subrahmanya S Ganti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nagy K, Darkó É, Szalai G, Janda T, Jókai Z, Ladányi M, Rady MR, Dernovics M. UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS assisted targeted metabolomics to study the enrichment of vinca alkaloids and related metabolites in Catharanthus roseus plants grown under controlled LED environment. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 235:115611. [PMID: 37542828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Enrichment of pharmaceutically important vinca alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine, in the leaves of Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) plants through different pre- or postharvest treatments or cultivation conditions, e.g., exposing the plants to UV-irradiation, has been in focus for decades. Controlled LED environment in the visible light range offers the possibility of monitoring the changes in the concentration of metabolites in the vinca alkaloid-related pathway without involving UV-related abiotic stress. In the frame of our targeted metabolomics approach, 64 vinca alkaloids and metabolites were screened with the help of a UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS instrumental setup from the leaf extracts of C. roseus plants grown in chambers under control (medium light), low light, and high blue / high red/ high far-red conditions. Out of the 14 metabolites that could be assigned either unambiguously with authentic standards or tentatively with high resolution mass spectrometry-based methods, all three dimer vinca alkaloids, that is, 3',4'-anhydrovinblastine, vinblastine and vincristine showed an at least nine-fold enrichment under high blue irradiation when compared with the control conditions: final concentrations of 961 mg kg-1 dry weight, 33.8 mg kg-1 dry weight, and 11.7 mg kg-1 dry weight could be achieved, respectively. As supported by multivariate statistical analysis, the key metabolites of the vinca alkaloid pathway were highly represented among the metabolites that were specifically stimulated by high blue light application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Nagy
- Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Brunszvik u. 2., Martonvásár 2462, Hungary; Department of Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi út 29-43., Budapest 1118, Hungary
| | - Éva Darkó
- Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Brunszvik u. 2., Martonvásár 2462, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Szalai
- Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Brunszvik u. 2., Martonvásár 2462, Hungary
| | - Tibor Janda
- Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Brunszvik u. 2., Martonvásár 2462, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Jókai
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi út 29-43., Budapest 1118, Hungary
| | - Márta Ladányi
- Department of Applied Statistics, Institute of Mathematics and Basic Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi út 29-43., Budapest 1118, Hungary
| | - Mohamed Ramadan Rady
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Research Centre, 33 El Behouth st., Dokki, Giza P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - Mihály Dernovics
- Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Brunszvik u. 2., Martonvásár 2462, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Feng Y, Zheng Y, Xin X, Guo Q, Hao Y, Li C, Zhang Q. Study on chemical constituents and fingerprints of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300151. [PMID: 37449326 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The chemical constituents from Phellodendron amurense Rupr. were characterized systematically by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry method for collecting mass spectrometry data, and the fingerprints method was established, providing reference for its quality control. The chromatographic column was ACQUITY UPLC BEH-C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm). The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and the compounds from P. amurense Rupr. were identified by Qualitative Analysis 10.0 software, reference substance, retention time, mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern and database retrieval. Meanwhile, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry fingerprint methods of P. amurense Rupr. and Phellodendron chinense Schneid. were established by using the similarity evaluation system of chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2012 edition), and the differences were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis methods. A total of 105 compounds were identified, including 102 alkaloids, two phenolic acids, and one lactone compound. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry fingerprint method was established with ideal precision, stability and repeatability, and 12 quality differential markers were recognized between the above two herbs. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method can be used for qualitative analysis of the constituents of Phellodendron amurense Rupr., providing reference for clarifying the material basis and promoting the clinical precision medication and quality evaluation of P. amurense Rupr.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Yuguang Zheng
- Hebei Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center on Resource Utilization and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Xin
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Qiuhong Guo
- Hebei TCM Formula Preparation Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Ying Hao
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Chunhua Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
- Hebei TCM Formula Preparation Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Salim V, Jarecki SA, Vick M, Miller R. Advances in Metabolic Engineering of Plant Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1056. [PMID: 37626942 PMCID: PMC10452178 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) encompass a diverse family of over 3000 plant natural products with a wide range of medical applications. Further utilizations of these compounds, however, are hampered due to low levels of abundance in their natural sources, causing difficult isolation and complex multi-steps in uneconomical chemical syntheses. Metabolic engineering of MIA biosynthesis in heterologous hosts is attractive, particularly for increasing the yield of natural products of interest and expanding their chemical diversity. Here, we review recent advances and strategies which have been adopted to engineer microbial and plant systems for the purpose of generating MIAs and discuss the current issues and future developments of manufacturing MIAs by synthetic biology approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vonny Salim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71115, USA; (S.-A.J.); (M.V.)
| | - Sara-Alexis Jarecki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71115, USA; (S.-A.J.); (M.V.)
| | - Marshall Vick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71115, USA; (S.-A.J.); (M.V.)
| | - Ryan Miller
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang Y, Ding L, Zhou Y, Guo Z, Yu R, Zhu J. Establishment of recombinant Catharanthus roseus stem cells stably overexpressing ORCA4 for terpenoid indole alkaloids biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:783-792. [PMID: 36848864 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus is a perennial herb of the Apocynaceae family, from which about 200 kinds of alkaloids have been characterized. Most alkaloids from C. roseus are terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs), such as vinblastine and vincristine, which are widely used in the clinic for their good antitumor activity. However, they were only biosynthesized in C. roseus, and their content in C. roseus is extremely low. The access to these valuable compounds is by plant extraction or chemical semisynthesis from their precursors catharanthine and vindoline. Since catharanthine and vindoline are also obtained from C. roseus, the supply of vinblastine and vincristine makes it difficult to meet market demands. Therefore, how to improve the yield of TIAs is an attractive issue. In this study, we compared the regulatory effect of two critical transcription factors, octadecanoid-derivative responsive Catharanthus AP2-domain protein 3 (ORCA3) and octadecanoid-derivative responsive Catharanthus AP2-domain protein 4 (ORCA4), on the biosynthesis of TIAs in C. roseus. The results showed that overexpressing both two transcription factors could increase the accumulation of TIAs. The effect was more significant when ORCA4 was overexpressed. To acquire C. roseus TIAs on a continuous and consistent basis, we then created and acquired C. roseus stem cells stably overexpressing ORCA4. This is the first time a recombinant C. roseus stem cell system with stable ORCA4 overexpression has been developed, which not only provides new ideas for future research in this area but also breaches new life into the industrial application of using plant cell culture to obtain natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjian Yang
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Liuyu Ding
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zizheng Guo
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
A microbial supply chain for production of the anti-cancer drug vinblastine. Nature 2022; 609:341-347. [PMID: 36045295 PMCID: PMC9452304 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) are a diverse family of complex plant secondary metabolites with many medicinal properties, including the essential anti-cancer therapeutics vinblastine and vincristine1. As MIAs are difficult to chemically synthesize, the world’s supply chain for vinblastine relies on low-yielding extraction and purification of the precursors vindoline and catharanthine from the plant Catharanthus roseus, which is then followed by simple in vitro chemical coupling and reduction to form vinblastine at an industrial scale2,3. Here, we demonstrate the de novo microbial biosynthesis of vindoline and catharanthine using a highly engineered yeast, and in vitro chemical coupling to vinblastine. The study showcases a very long biosynthetic pathway refactored into a microbial cell factory, including 30 enzymatic steps beyond the yeast native metabolites geranyl pyrophosphate and tryptophan to catharanthine and vindoline. In total, 56 genetic edits were performed, including expression of 34 heterologous genes from plants, as well as deletions, knock-downs and overexpression of ten yeast genes to improve precursor supplies towards de novo production of catharanthine and vindoline, from which semisynthesis to vinblastine occurs. As the vinblastine pathway is one of the longest MIA biosynthetic pathways, this study positions yeast as a scalable platform to produce more than 3,000 natural MIAs and a virtually infinite number of new-to-nature analogues. De novo microbial biosynthesis of vindoline and catharanthine using a highly engineered yeast and in vitro chemical coupling to vinblastine is carried out, positioning yeast as a scalable platform to produce many monoterpene indole alkaloids.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma J, Li K, Shi S, Li J, Tang S, Liu L. The Application of UHPLC-HRMS for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:922488. [PMID: 35721122 PMCID: PMC9201421 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.922488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UHPLC-HRMS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry) is a new technique that unifies the application of UHPLC with HRMS. Because of the high sensitivity and good separation ability of UHPLC and the sensitivity of HRMS, this technique has been widely used for structure identification, quantitative determination, fingerprint analysis, and elucidation of the mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in recent years. This review mainly outlines the advantages of using UHPLC-HRMS and provides a survey of the research advances on UHPLC-HRMS for the quality control of TCMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieyao Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Kailin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Silin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Sunv Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - LiangHong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu ZH, Su Y, Luo ZF, Sun ZL, Gong ZH, Xiao LT. In Situ Visual Distribution of Gelsemine, Koumine, and Gelsenicine by MSI in Gelsemiumelegans at Different Growth Stages. Molecules 2022; 27:1810. [PMID: 35335173 PMCID: PMC8952314 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The distribution of pharmatically important alkaloids gelsemine, koumine, and gelsenicine in Gelsemium elegans tissues is a hot topic attracting research attention. Regretfully, the in planta visual distribution details of these alkaloids are far from clear although several researches reported the alkaloid quantification in G. elegans by LC-MS/MS. In this study, mass imaging spectrometry (MSI) was employed to visualize the in situ visualization of gelsemine, koumine, and gelsenicine in different organs and tissues of G. elegans at different growth stages, and the relative quantification of three alkaloids were performed according to the image brightness intensities captured by the desorption electrospray ionization MSI (DESI-MSI). The results indicated that these alkaloids were mainly accumulated in pith region and gradually decreased from pith to epidermis. Interestingly, three alkaloids were found to be present in higher abundance in the leaf vein. Along with the growth and development, the accumulation of these alkaloids was gradually increased in root and stem. Moreover, we employed LC-MS/MS to quantify three alkaloids and further validated the in situ distributions. The content of koumine reached 249.2 μg/g in mature roots, 272.0 μg/g in mature leaves, and 149.1 μg/g in mature stems, respectively, which is significantly higher than that of gelsemine and gelsenicine in the same organ. This study provided an accurately in situ visualization of gelsemine, koumine, and gelsenicine in G. elegans, and would be helpful for understanding their accumulation in plant and guiding application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Han Wu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.-H.W.); (Y.S.); (Z.-F.L.)
| | - Yi Su
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.-H.W.); (Y.S.); (Z.-F.L.)
| | - Zhou-Fei Luo
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.-H.W.); (Y.S.); (Z.-F.L.)
| | - Zhi-Liang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Gong
- Waters Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China;
| | - Lang-Tao Xiao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Z.-H.W.); (Y.S.); (Z.-F.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kumar S, Singh B, Singh R. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don: A review of its ethnobotany, phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology and toxicities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114647. [PMID: 34562562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don is a well known medicinal plant belonging to family Apocynaceae that have been traditionally used as medicine since ancient times. C. roseus is a well-recognized herbal medicine due to its anticancer bisindole alkaloids (vinblastine (111), vincristine (112) and vindesine (121)). In the Ayurvedic system of medicine, different parts of C. roseus are used in folklore herbal medicine for treatment of many types of cancer, diabetes, stomach disorders, kidney, liver and cardiovascular diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY The main idea behind this communication is to update comprehensively and analyze critically the traditional applications, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and toxicity of various extracts and isolated compounds from C. roseus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The presented data covers scientific works on C. roseus published across the world between 1967 and 2021 was searched from various international publishing houses using search engines as well as several traditional texts like Ayurveda and relevant books. Collected data from different sources was comprehensively summarized/analyzed for ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, analytical chemistry, biological activities and toxicity studies of C. roseus. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION C. roseus has a wide range of applications in the traditional system of medicine especially in cancer and diabetes. During phytochemical investigation, total of 344 compounds including monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) (110), bisindole alkaloids (35), flavonoids (34), phenolic acids (9) and volatile constituents (156) have been reported in the various extracts and fractions of different plant parts of C. roseus. The extracts and isolated compounds of C. roseus have to exhibit many pharmacological activities such as anticancer/cytotoxic, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, larvicidal and pupicidal. The comparative toxicity of extracts and bioactive compounds investigated in dose dependent manner. The investigation of toxicity showed that the both extracts and isolated compounds are safe to a certain limit beyond that they cause adverse effects. CONCLUSION This review is a comprehensive, critically analyzed summarization of sufficient baseline information of selected topics in one place undertaken till date on C. roseus for future works and drug discovery. The phytochemical investigation including biosynthetic pathways showed that the MIAs and bisindole alkaloids are major and characteristic class of compounds in this plant. The present data confirm that the extracts/fractions and their isolated alkaloids especially vinblastine (111) and vincristine (112) have a potent anticancer/cytotoxic and antidiabetic property and there is a need for further study with particular attention to the mechanisms of anticancer activity. In biosynthesis pathways of alkaloids especially bisindole alkaloids, some enzymes and rearrangement are unexposed therefore it is required to draw special attention. It also focuses on attracting the attention of scientific communities about the widespread biological activities of this species for its better utilization prospects in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Ma. Kanshiram Government Degree College, Ninowa, (affiliated to Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University (CSJM) Kanpur), Farrukhabad, 209602, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bikarma Singh
- Botanic Garden Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ramesh Singh
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College Bahua Dehat, (affiliated to Professor Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University Prayagraj), Fatehpur, 212663, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chu C, Zang Y, Yang F, Zou Y, Li J, Liu EH, Yi T, Yan J, Tong S. A simple and sensitive preconcentration strategy by coupling salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction with online three-step stacking for the determination of potent anti-tumour compound vinblastine and its precursor in biological samples by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1664:462794. [PMID: 34998026 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive capillary electrophoresis strategy was developed by combining salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction and online three-step stacking to detect trace quantities of antitumour indole alkaloids in complex biological samples. The proposed strategy fully exploits these two technologies such that extraction, online stacking and separation are combined in a fast and efficient manner. First, salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction was used to extract three indole alkaloids (vinblastine sulfate, catharanthine sulfate and vindoline) from complex biomasses. An appropriate volume of acetonitrile (ACN) was mixed with a faecal aqueous solution to precipitate proteins. The mixed solution was vortexed, followed by the addition of ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) to induce two-phase separation. Alkaloids were effectively extracted into the organic phase, which was then subjected to capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis. The sensitivity of capillary electrophoresis was effectively improved by online three-step stacking. Good linearity of the calibration curve for each indole alkaloid was obtained in the concentration range of 0.1-1 μg/mL. Under optimal conditions, the sensitivity of ordinary injection was increased by up to 2366-fold, confirming the applicability of the proposed strategy for the sensitive determination of trace indole alkaloids in complex biological samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chu Chu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Yaping Zang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Fei Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Yanfang Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - Jiaxu Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China
| | - E-Hu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Tao Yi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, 999077, PR China
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China.
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Taxifolin and Sorghum Ethanol Extract Protect against Hepatic Insulin Resistance via the miR-195/IRS1/PI3K/AKT and AMPK Signalling Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091331. [PMID: 34572963 PMCID: PMC8465682 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of taxifolin and sorghum ethanol extract on free fatty acid (FFA)-induced hepatic insulin resistance. FFA treatment decreased glucose uptake by 16.2% compared with that in the control, whereas taxifolin and sorghum ethanol extract increased the glucose uptake. Additionally, taxifolin and sorghum ethanol extract increased the expression of p-PI3K, p-IRS1, p-AKT, p-AMPK, and p-ACC in FFA-induced hepatocytes. Furthermore, FFA treatment increased the expression of miR-195. However, compared with the FFA treatment, treatment with taxifolin and sorghum ethanol extract decreased miR-195 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Taxifolin and sorghum ethanol extract enhanced p-IRS1, p-PI3K, p-AMPK, p-AKT, and p-ACC expression by suppressing miR-195 levels in miR-195 mimic- or inhibitor-transfected cells. These results indicate that taxifolin and sorghum ethanol extract attenuate insulin resistance by regulating miR-195 expression, which suggests that taxifolin and sorghum ethanol extract may be useful antidiabetic agents.
Collapse
|
12
|
Koel M, Kuhtinskaja M, Vaher M. Extraction of bioactive compounds from Catharanthus roseus and Vinca minor. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
13
|
Lim HB, Lee HR. Safety and biological activity evaluation of Uncaria rhynchophylla ethanolic extract. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:907-918. [PMID: 32693641 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1786581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Uncaria rhynchophylla (UR) belongs to the Rubiaceae family, and its dried hooks are usually used in traditional medicine. It is effective in treating diseases related to the central nervous system. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of UR extract, investigate its antimutagenic and antioxidative activities, and elucidate its active components. Extraction and fractionation of the UR extract resulted in yields of 6.71%, 0.037%, 0.042%, 0.152%, 0.332%, and 5.132%, for hexane, ether, DCM, EtOAC, and aqueous fractions, respectively. The four indole alkaloids, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of UR extract and its subfractions were measured. Alkaloid content was highest in the UR extract. TPC was the highest in the EtOAC fraction (373.7 ± 20.9 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g), whereas TFC was the highest in the UR extract (33.5 ± 2.4 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g). To assess the safety of UR extract mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress inducibility assays were performed. The UR extract (2000 µg/plate) showed excellent antimutagenic activity (above 90%) against BaP in both TA98 and TA100 strains. The UR extract exhibited efficient DPPH (RC50 239.2 ± 16.5 µg/mL) and ABTS scavenging activity (RC50 458.7 ± 25.0 µg/mL). The UR extract (150 µg/mL) showed cytoprotective activity (65.6% ± 9.2%) against t-BHP. Among the subfractions, the EtOAC fraction possessed the strongest activities, overall. UR generally showed excellent biological activity at nontoxic concentrations (determined in vitro in current work), although the chemical composition of UR requires further investigation prior to its potential future use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heung Bin Lim
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyeong Ryeol Lee
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang X, Bai Z, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Cui H, Zhou H. Enrichment of flavonoid‐rich extract from
Bidens bipinnata
L. by macroporous resin using response surface methodology, UHPLC–Q‐TOF MS/MS‐assisted characterization and comprehensive evaluation of its bioactivities by analytical hierarchy process. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4933. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiudong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin City China
- Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Resources and Comprehensive Utilization of Jilin Provence Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin China
| | - Zi‐Fan Bai
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin City China
| | - Da‐Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery Changchun City People's Hospital Changchun China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin City China
| | - Hao Cui
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin City China
| | - Hong‐Li Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin City China
- Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Resources and Comprehensive Utilization of Jilin Provence Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Qu Y, Zhang C, Liu R, Wu H, Sun Y, Zhang N, Nima C, Danpei Q, Zhang S, Sun Y. Rapid characterization the chemical constituents of
Bergenia purpurascens
and explore potential mechanism in treating osteoarthritis by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry combined with network pharmacology. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3333-3348. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Qu
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing P. R. China
| | - Chenning Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing P. R. China
| | - Runhua Liu
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing P. R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing P. R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing P. R. China
| | - Ciren Nima
- Tibetan Traditional Medical College Xizang P. R. China
| | - Quzeng Danpei
- Tibetan Traditional Medical College Xizang P. R. China
| | - Shuofeng Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yikun Sun
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao WJ, Chen XY, Liu YQ, Li P, Li HJ. Liquid chromatographic separation of alkaloids in herbal medicines: Current status and perspectives. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1755-1772. [PMID: 32160388 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alkaloids are a widespread group of basic compounds in herbal medicines and have attracted great interest due to various pharmaceutical activities and desirable druggability. Their distinctive structures make chromatographic separation fairly difficult. Peak tailing, poor resolution, and inferior column-to-column reproducibility are common obstacles to overcome. In order to provide a valuable reference, the methodologies and/or strategies on liquid chromatographic separation of alkaloids in herbal medicines proposed from 2012 to 2019 are thoroughly summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Galal MM, Saad AS. Portable solid-state sensor for therapeutic monitoring of an antineoplastic drug; vinblastine in human plasma. RSC Adv 2020; 10:42699-42705. [PMID: 35514918 PMCID: PMC9058239 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07070j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Potentiometric glassy carbon electrode for determination of vinblastine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha Mohammed Galal
- Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Cairo University
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Ahmed Sayed Saad
- Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Cairo University
- Cairo
- Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Simple quantitative analytical methods for the determination of alkaloids from medicinal and edible plant foods using a homemade chromatographic monolithic column. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1128:121784. [PMID: 31518898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A polymer-based chromatographic monolithic column was prepared via in-situ radical polymerization using tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate as the monomer. The homemade column was used for the separation and quantitative analysis of alkaloids, including piperine from Piper longum (fruit of Piper longum Linn.) and pepper (fruit of Piper nigrum L.), hydroxy-α-sanshool, and hydroxy-γ-sanshool from zanthoxylum (fruit of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim), as well as caffeine from Wuyi rock tea. The chromatographic fractions were identified by mass spectrometry. Single factor test and orthogonal test were both carried out to optimize the extraction conditions. The method validation indicated that the accuracy represented by spiked recovery ranged in 98.89%-102.06%, the correlation coefficients in 0.99986-0.99999. These results show that the prepared monolithic column can be successfully used to quantitatively analyse alkaloids from the real medicinal and edible plant foods with reversed-phase mechanism, which can avoid the long analytical time using traditional packed C18 column. The present method is a simple, and inexpensive method for quantitatively analysing alkaloids from medicinal and edible plant foods, exhibiting good specificity and durability.
Collapse
|
19
|
Determination and Chemical Profiling of Toxic Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Botanical Samples with UPLC–Q-TOFMS. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03785-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|