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Caminiti R, Serra M, Nucera S, Ruga S, Oppedisano F, Scarano F, Macrì R, Muscoli C, Palma E, Musolino V, Statti G, Mollace V, Maiuolo J. Antioxidant Activity and Seasonal Variations in the Composition of Insoluble Fiber from the Cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller: Development of New Extraction Procedures to Improve Fiber Yield. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:544. [PMID: 38498558 PMCID: PMC10892137 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller is a plant belonging to the Cactaceae family adapted to live in environments characterized by long periods of drought and arid or desert climates. This plant is characterized by an aerial part composed of structures transformed by branches, called "cladodes", which are essential to reduce excessive perspiration of water and appear covered with thorns. The composition of the cladodes includes water, polysaccharides, fiber, proteins, vitamins, fatty acids, sterols, polyphenols, and minerals. The main purposes of this scientific work are (a) to compare the insoluble fiber (IF) extracted from the cladodes of O. ficus-indica belonging to the same plant but collected in different seasonal periods (winter and summer) and develop new extraction protocols that are able to improve the yield obtained and (b) evaluate the antioxidant potential of the fiber and study possible variations as a result of the extraction protocol chosen. The first objective was achieved (1) by measuring the amount of IF extracted from cladodes harvested in winter and summer (CW and CS, respectively) and (2) by modifying three variables involved in the fiber extraction protocol. To achieve the second objective, the following experiments were carried out: (1) measurement of the antioxidant potential of IF in CW and CS; (2) measurement of cellular reactive oxygen species; (3) measurement of the activity of some antioxidant enzymes; and (4) comparison of the polyphenol content in CW and CS. In conclusion, the results obtained showed that the IF extraction process can be improved, achieving a uniform yield regardless of seasonality; the antioxidant effect may vary depending on the extraction protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamaria Caminiti
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Serra
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Laboratoy of Pharmaceutical Biology, IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Giancarlo Statti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87100 Cosenza, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.C.); (M.S.); (S.R.); (F.O.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Fondazione R. Dulbecco, 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Laboratoy of Pharmaceutical Biology, IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
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Perucini‐Avendaño M, Nicolás‐García M, Jiménez‐Martínez C, Perea‐Flores MDJ, Gómez‐Patiño MB, Arrieta‐Báez D, Dávila‐Ortiz G. Cladodes: Chemical and structural properties, biological activity, and polyphenols profile. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:4007-4017. [PMID: 34262754 PMCID: PMC8269681 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The nopal cactus is an essential part of the Mexican diet and culture. The per capita consumption of young cladodes averages annually to 6.4 kg across the nation. In addition to contributing to the country's food culture, the nopal is considered a food with functional characteristics since, in addition to providing fiber, an important group of polyphenolic compounds is present, which has given cladodes to be considered a healthy food, for what they have been incorporated into the diet of Mexican people and many other countries worldwide. Research suggests that polyphenols from cladodes act as antioxidants and antidiabetics. This review studies the main phenolic components in cladodes and summarizes both conventional and novel methods to identify them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Perucini‐Avendaño
- Departamento de Ingeniería BioquímicaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN)Unidad Profesional Adolfo López MateosZacatencoDelegación Gustavo A. MaderoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Mayra Nicolás‐García
- Departamento de Ingeniería BioquímicaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN)Unidad Profesional Adolfo López MateosZacatencoDelegación Gustavo A. MaderoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Cristian Jiménez‐Martínez
- Departamento de Ingeniería BioquímicaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN)Unidad Profesional Adolfo López MateosZacatencoDelegación Gustavo A. MaderoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - María de Jesús Perea‐Flores
- Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y NanotecnologíasInstituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN)Unidad Profesional Adolfo López MateosZacatencoDelegación Gustavo A. MaderoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Mayra Beatriz Gómez‐Patiño
- Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y NanotecnologíasInstituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN)Unidad Profesional Adolfo López MateosZacatencoDelegación Gustavo A. MaderoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Daniel Arrieta‐Báez
- Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y NanotecnologíasInstituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN)Unidad Profesional Adolfo López MateosZacatencoDelegación Gustavo A. MaderoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Gloria Dávila‐Ortiz
- Departamento de Ingeniería BioquímicaEscuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN)Unidad Profesional Adolfo López MateosZacatencoDelegación Gustavo A. MaderoCiudad de MéxicoMéxico
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Yano E, Riisom M, Tong KKH, Hanif M, Leung E, Hartinger CG. Tracing the anticancer compound [Ru II(η 6-p-cymene)(8-oxyquinolinato)Cl] in a biological environment by mass spectrometric methods. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:1463-1469. [PMID: 33683234 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02311f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium-based complexes have attracted attention as promising anticancer candidates due to their lower general toxicity than the widely used platinum drugs. The complex [RuII(η6-p-cymene)(8-oxyquinolinato)Cl] 1 has shown significant cytotoxic activity in cancer cells, independent of the cellular uptake. In an attempt to rationalize this finding, we investigated the fate of 1 in cells as well as developed an analysis method for 1 and its derivatives based on molecular mass spectrometry. The methods were applied for the analysis of cell medium and HCT116 human colorectal cancer cell lysate samples. The amount of Ru detected in cell lysate after treatment with 1 by ICP-MS was virtually time-independent, while the Ru content in the cell pellet increased significantly over the course of 24 h. The compound was still detectable by LC-ESI-TOF-MS after 24 h in cell lysate as its [1- Cl]+ ion that may be formed directly from 1 or after a chlorido-aqua ligand exchange reaction facilitated in the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ena Yano
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Science Centre Building 302, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
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David V, Moldoveanu SC, Galaon T. Derivatization procedures and their analytical performances for HPLC determination in bioanalysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5008. [PMID: 33084080 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Derivatization, or chemical structure modification, is often used in bioanalysis performed by liquid chromatography technique in order to enhance detectability or to improve the chromatographic performance for the target analytes. The derivatization process is discussed according to the analytical procedure used to achieve the reaction between the reagent and the target compounds (containing hydroxyl, thiol, amino, carbonyl and carboxyl as the main functional groups involved in derivatization). Important procedures for derivatization used in bioanalysis are in situ or based on extraction processes (liquid-liquid, solid-phase and related techniques) applied to the biomatrix. In the review, chiral, isotope-labeling, hydrophobicity-tailored and post-column derivatizations are also included, based on representative publications in the literature during the last two decades. Examples of derivatization reagents and brief reaction conditions are included, together with some bioanalytical applications and performances (chromatographic conditions, detection limit, stability and sample biomatrix).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor David
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Toma Galaon
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, Bucharest-6, Romania
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Ramón-Gonçalves M, Gómez-Mejía E, Rosales-Conrado N, León-González ME, Madrid Y. Extraction, identification and quantification of polyphenols from spent coffee grounds by chromatographic methods and chemometric analyses. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 96:15-24. [PMID: 31376959 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A solid-liquid extraction method using ethanol-water mixtures was combined with cLC-DAD, LC-MS/MS and chemometric analyses for establishing the optimum extraction conditions of valuable polyphenols from spent coffee grounds. Chlorogenic and p-coumaric acids were the most abundant polyphenols found, ranging from 0.02 to 4.8 mg g-1 and 0.173-0.50 mg g-1, respectively. In addition, total polyphenol content (9-29 mg GAE g-1 DW), total flavonoid content (11-27 mg QE g-1 DW), total antioxidant activity (0.3-7 mg GAE g-1 DW) and free radical scavenging ability (DPPH assay, 64-927 µg extract g-1 at EC50) of obtained extracts were determined. Response surface methodology allowed obtaining predictive models for the extraction of each individual polyphenol. On the other hand, multifactorial ANOVA was used to establish differences between coffee and spent coffee ground extracts. Principal component analysis was also employed to relate antioxidant activities, total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents with both the polyphenols extracted and the residue coffee type. The overall results suggested that spent coffee grounds could be reused as a promising, inexpensive and natural source of bioactive polyphenols with potential industrial applications, thus minimizing the waste disposal and environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ramón-Gonçalves
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Esther Gómez-Mejía
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Noelia Rosales-Conrado
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - María Eugenia León-González
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Yolanda Madrid
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Tan A, Fanaras JC. Use of high-pH (basic/alkaline) mobile phases for LC-MS or LC-MS/MS bioanalysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 33:e4409. [PMID: 30315658 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
High-pH or basic/alkaline mobile phases are not commonly used in LC-MS or LC-MS/MS bioanalysis because of the deeply rooted concern with column instability and reduced detection sensitivity for basic compounds in high-pH mobile phases owing to charge neutralization. With the advancement of LC column technology and the wide recognition of the "wrong-way-round" phenomena, high-pH mobile phases are more and more used in LC-MS or LC-MS/MS bioanalysis to improve chromatographic peak shape, retention, selectivity, resolution, and detection sensitivity, not only for basic compounds, but also for many other compounds. In this article, the benefits, practical considerations, application examples and cautions for using high-pH mobile phases in LC-MS or LC-MS/MS bioanalysis are reviewed, with a focus on quantification. Furthermore, the future trends in this field are also envisaged. A total of 84 references are cited in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Tan
- Nucro-Technics, Scarborough, ON, Canada
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