1
|
Prajapati P, Patel A, Desai A, Shah P, Pulusu VS, Haque A, Kalam MA, Shah S. In-vivo pharmacokinetic study of ibrutinib-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers in rat plasma by sensitive spectrofluorimetric method using harmonized approach of quality by design and white analytical chemistry. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 321:124731. [PMID: 38955074 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Ibrutinib, an antineoplastic agent tackling chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, and Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, falls under the category of BCS class II drugs, characterized by a puzzling combination of low solubility and high permeability. Its oral bioavailability remains a perplexing challenge, merely reaching 2.9 % due to formidable first-pass metabolism hurdles. In a bid to surmount this obstacle, researchers embarked on a journey to develop ibrutinib-loaded NLCs (Nanostructured Lipid Carriers) using a methodology steeped in complexity: a Design of Experiments (DoE)-based hot melted ultrasonication approach. Despite a plethora of methods for analyzing ibrutinib in various matrices, the absence of a spectrofluorimetric method for assessing it in rat plasma added to the enigma. Thus emerged a spectrofluorimetric method, embodying principles of white analytical chemistry and analytical quality by design, employing a Placket-Burman design for initial method exploration and a central composite design for subsequent refinement. This method underwent rigorous validation in accordance with ICH guidelines, paving the way for its application in scrutinizing the in-vivo pharmacokinetics of ibrutinib-loaded NLCs, juxtaposed against commercially available formulations. Surprisingly, the optimized NLCs exhibited a striking 1.82-fold boost in oral bioavailability, shedding light on their potential efficacy. The environmental impact of this method was scrutinized using analytical greenness tools, affirming its eco-friendly attributes. In essence, the culmination of these efforts has not only propelled advancements in drug bioavailability but also heralded the dawn of a streamlined and environmentally conscious analytical paradigm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pintu Prajapati
- Department of Quality Assurance and Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India.
| | - Anjali Patel
- Department of Quality Assurance and Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Aneri Desai
- Department of Quality Assurance and Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Pranav Shah
- Department of Quality Assurance and Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
| | - Veera Shakar Pulusu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH 47501, USA
| | - Anzarul Haque
- Central Laboratories Unit, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohd Abul Kalam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, P.O. Box - 2457, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shailesh Shah
- Department of Quality Assurance and Pharmaceutics, Maliba Pharmacy College, Maliba Campus, Bardoli-Mahuva Road, Tarsadi, Mahuva, Surat 394 350, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mondal B, Bali A, Sharma T. Identification and characterization of stress degradation products of ibrutinib by LC-UV/PDA and LC-Q/TOF-MS studies. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2023; 29:248-261. [PMID: 37612237 DOI: 10.1177/14690667231194814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer drug ibrutinib was subjected to stress degradation studies under the ICH-prescribed hydrolytic, photolytic, oxidative and thermal stress conditions, and its degradation behavior was studied. A significant degradation was noted for the drug under acidic/alkaline hydrolytic, acid/alkaline photolytic, and oxidative conditions. The UPLC-UV/PDA studies revealed the generation of six degradation products (I-VI), and these were adequately resolved from the drug under the developed chromatographic conditions over a Kinetex® C18 (100 mm×4.6 mm; 2.6 μm) column employing isocratic elution method. Detection wavelength was selected as 289 nm. The UPLC-UV/PDA method conditions were extrapolated to UPLC-MS/TOF studies. All the six degradation products were found to be ionized in the total ion chromatogram, and the products could be identified and characterized from their mass spectral data. The possible degradation route of ibrutinib leading to generation of various products was also postulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bidisha Mondal
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Center of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Bali
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Center of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Tanvi Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Center of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yan M, Li W, Li WB, Huang Q, Li J, Cai HL, Gong H, Zhang BK, Wang YK. Metabolic activation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors: recent advance and further clinical practice. Drug Metab Rev 2023; 55:94-106. [PMID: 36453523 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2149775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
At present, receptor tyrosine kinase signaling-related pathways have been successfully mediated to inhibit tumor proliferation and promote anti-angiogenesis effects for cancer therapy. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), a group of novel chemotherapeutic agents, have been applied to treat diverse malignant tumors effectively. However, the latent toxic and side effects of TKIs, such as hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity, limit their use in clinical practice. Metabolic activation has the potential to lead to toxic effects. Numerous TKIs have been demonstrated to be transformed into chemically reactive/potentially toxic metabolites following cytochrome P450-catalyzed activation, which causes severe adverse reactions, including hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, skin toxicity, immune injury, mitochondria injury, and cytochrome P450 inactivation. However, the precise mechanisms of how these chemically reactive/potentially toxic species induce toxicity remain poorly understood. In addition, we present our viewpoints that regulating the production of reactive metabolites may decrease the toxicity of TKIs. Exploring this topic will improve understanding of metabolic activation and its underlying mechanisms, promoting the rational use of TKIs. This review summarizes the updated evidence concerning the reactive metabolites of TKIs and the associated toxicities. This paper provides novel insight into the safe use of TKIs and the prevention and treatment of multiple TKIs adverse effects in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China
| | - Wenqun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China
| | - Wen-Bo Li
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hua-Lin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China
| | - Bi-Kui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Kun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- International Research Center for Precision Medicine, Transformative Technology and Software Services, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Potęga A. Glutathione-Mediated Conjugation of Anticancer Drugs: An Overview of Reaction Mechanisms and Biological Significance for Drug Detoxification and Bioactivation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165252. [PMID: 36014491 PMCID: PMC9412641 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of many anticancer drugs depends on the creation of specific metabolites that may alter their therapeutic or toxic properties. One significant route of biotransformation is a conjugation of electrophilic compounds with reduced glutathione, which can be non-enzymatic and/or catalyzed by glutathione-dependent enzymes. Glutathione usually combines with anticancer drugs and/or their metabolites to form more polar and water-soluble glutathione S-conjugates, readily excreted outside the body. In this regard, glutathione plays a role in detoxification, decreasing the likelihood that a xenobiotic will react with cellular targets. However, some drugs once transformed into thioethers are more active or toxic than the parent compound. Thus, glutathione conjugation may also lead to pharmacological or toxicological effects through bioactivation reactions. My purpose here is to provide a broad overview of the mechanisms of glutathione-mediated conjugation of anticancer drugs. Additionally, I discuss the biological importance of glutathione conjugation to anticancer drug detoxification and bioactivation pathways. I also consider the potential role of glutathione in the metabolism of unsymmetrical bisacridines, a novel prosperous class of anticancer compounds developed in our laboratory. The knowledge on glutathione-mediated conjugation of anticancer drugs presented in this review may be noteworthy for improving cancer therapy and preventing drug resistance in cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Potęga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Karvaly GB, Vincze I, Balogh A, Köllő Z, Bödör C, Vásárhelyi B. A High-Throughput Clinical Laboratory Methodology for the Therapeutic Monitoring of Ibrutinib and Dihydrodiol Ibrutinib. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154766. [PMID: 35897942 PMCID: PMC9331678 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ibrutinib (IBR) is an oral anticancer medication that inhibits Bruton tyrosine kinase irreversibly. Due to the high risk of adverse effects and its pharmacokinetic variability, the safe and effective use of IBR is expected to be facilitated by precision dosing. Delivering suitable clinical laboratory information on IBR is a prerequisite of constructing fit-for-purpose population and individual pharmacokinetic models. The validation of a dedicated high-throughput method using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry is presented for the simultaneous analysis of IBR and its pharmacologically active metabolite dihydrodiol ibrutinib (DIB) in human plasma. The 6 h benchtop stability of IBR, DIB, and the active moiety (IBR+DIB) was assessed in whole blood and in plasma to identify any risk of degradation before samples reach the laboratory. In addition, four regression algorithms were tested to determine the optimal assay error equations of IBR, DIB, and the active moiety, which are essential for the correct estimation of the error of their future nonparametric pharmacokinetic models. The noncompartmental pharmacokinetic properties of IBR and the active moiety were evaluated in three patients diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia to provide a proof of concept. The presented methodology allows clinical laboratories to efficiently support pharmacokinetics-based precision pharmacotherapy with IBR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gellért Balázs Karvaly
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad tér, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (I.V.); (Z.K.); (B.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - István Vincze
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad tér, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (I.V.); (Z.K.); (B.V.)
| | - Alexandra Balogh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, 46 Szentkirályi Utca, 1088 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Köllő
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad tér, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (I.V.); (Z.K.); (B.V.)
| | - Csaba Bödör
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 26 Üllői út, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
- HCEMM-SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, 26 Üllői út, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barna Vásárhelyi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, 4 Nagyvárad tér, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (I.V.); (Z.K.); (B.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
High-throughput Salting-out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction using a 3D printed device and its application in the quantification of ibrutinib and its metabolite PCI-45227 in human serum. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114923. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
7
|
Mžik M, Váňová N, Kriegelstein M, Hroch M. Differential adsorption of an analyte and its D 4, D 5 and 13C 6 labeled analogues combined with instrument-specific carry-over issues: The Achilles' heel of ibrutinib TDM. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 206:114366. [PMID: 34555634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
At present, therapeutic drug monitoring is the standard in pharmacotherapy using medications with a narrow therapeutic index or showing serious adverse effects, such as in the case of ibrutinib. A technique commonly used for this purpose is liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with isotope dilution in sample processing. Although this method provides a high degree of reliability, its use can be complicated with some specific factors and does not guarantee trouble-free analysis. This paper is focused on investigating issues related to the differential adsorption of ibrutinib and its D4, D5 and 13C6 isotopically labeled analogues combined with instrument-specific carry-over. The results of the research point out the significantly different adsorption behavior of ibrutinib in fluidics of LC-MS compared with that of its D4, D5 and 13C6 stable isotope labeled analogues, showing preferential adsorption of non-labeled compound. The investigation also pointed to a strong affinity of ibrutinib to polymeric surfaces under specific conditions, which has to be taken into consideration during sample preparation and analysis. Our work opens a new field for the discussion of scarcely reported problem related to the use of stable isotope labeled internal standards in LC-MS/MS analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mžik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Nela Váňová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kriegelstein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Hroch
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Zborovská 2089, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li J, Chen C, Wang J, Ye Z, Pan L, Liu Z, Tang C. Simultaneous measurement of upadacitinib and methotrexate by UPLC-MS/MS and its pharmacokinetic application in rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1188:123071. [PMID: 34875493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.123071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Upadacitinib, as a selective and reversible Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, has been widely used in the treatment of atopic dermatitis, ulcerative colitis and other inflammatory bowel diseases and other immune-mediated diseases. The combination of methotrexate and upadacitinib is a common clinical treatment strategy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in recent years. In this study, we established an ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) assay for quantitative measurement of upadacitinib and methotrexate, by which we successfully determined pharmacokinetic parameters of them in rat plasma. In order to pretreat the samples, we used acetonitrile as the precipitant, and for the internal standard (IS), we chose tofacitinib. The Acquity BEHC18 (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) column, with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution composed mobile phases, was used to separate upadacitinib, methotrexate and tofacitinib. A Xevo TQ-S triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer was used as the detecting instrument in the positive ion mode. For upadacitinib, excellent linearity was shown of this assay in the calibration range with 0.1-200 ng/mL, and as for methotrexate, the range was 0.05-100 ng/mL. As the results indicated, the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was respectively 0.1 and 0.05 ng/mL for upadacitinib and methotrexate, the intra- and inter-day precision were ≤ 13.3%, and the accuracy of all the analytes ranged from -4.1% to 12.7%. The recovery of each analyte was > 80.2% in this experiment, and matrix effects we observed were unobvious. The establishment of this method and its successful application in rat plasma can provide a theoretical and technical support for the deeper study of pharmacodynamics and the clinical medication strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaojie Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhize Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Pan
- Fuling Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Congrong Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mukai Y, Yoshida Y, Yoshida T, Kondo T, Inotsume N, Toda T. Simultaneous Quantification of BCR-ABL and Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Dried Plasma Spots and Its Application to Clinical Sample Analysis. Ther Drug Monit 2021; 43:386-393. [PMID: 33065614 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports highlight the importance of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of BCR-ABL and Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs); thus, large-scale studies are needed to determine the target concentrations of these drugs. TDM using dried plasma spots (DPS) instead of conventional plasma samples is a promising approach. This study aimed to develop and validate a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of BCR-ABL and Bruton TKIs for further TDM studies. METHODS A 20-μL aliquot of plasma was spotted onto a filter paper and dried completely. Analytes were extracted from 2 DPS using 250 μL of solvent. After cleanup by supported liquid extraction, the sample was analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Applicability of the method was examined using samples of patients' DPS transported by regular mail as a proof-of-concept study. The constant bias and proportional error between plasma and DPS concentrations were assessed by Passing-Bablok regression analysis, and systematic errors were evaluated by Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS The method was successfully validated over the following calibration ranges: 1-200 ng/mL for dasatinib and ponatinib, 2-400 ng/mL for ibrutinib, 5-1000 ng/mL for bosutinib, and 20-4000 ng/mL for imatinib and nilotinib. TKI concentrations were successfully determined for 93 of 96 DPS from clinical samples. No constant bias between plasma and DPS concentrations was observed for bosutinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, and ponatinib, whereas there were proportional errors between the plasma and DPS concentrations of nilotinib and ponatinib. Bland-Altman plots revealed that significant systematic errors existed between both methods for bosutinib, nilotinib, and ponatinib. CONCLUSIONS An LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of 6 TKIs in DPS was developed and validated. Further large-scale studies should be conducted to assess the consistency of concentration measurements obtained from plasma and DPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Mukai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Hokkaido. Dr. Yuji Mukai is now with the Department of Pharmacy, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki
| | - Yuka Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Hokkaido. Dr. Yuji Mukai is now with the Department of Pharmacy, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki
| | | | - Takeshi Kondo
- Department of Hematology, Blood Disorders Center, Aiiku Hospital, Hokkaido; and
| | - Nobuo Inotsume
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Hokkaido. Dr. Yuji Mukai is now with the Department of Pharmacy, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki
- Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaki Toda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Hokkaido. Dr. Yuji Mukai is now with the Department of Pharmacy, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chang YY, Wu HL, Wang T, Fang H, Tong GY, Chen Y, Wang ZY, Chen W, Yu RQ. Three efficient chemometrics assisted fluorimetric detection methods for interference-free, rapid, and simultaneous determination of ibrutinib and pralatrexate in various complicated biological fluids. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 252:119419. [PMID: 33524816 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a series of green, interference-free fluorimetric detection methods of the excitation-emission matrix coupled with the second-order calibration methods were proposed for the determination of ibrutinib and pralatrexate in various complicated biological fluids. The second-order advantage of the proposed method can overcome the problem of poor selectivity caused by the wide spectra of the fluorescence method. Even in the presence of uncalibrated interferences and severe peak overlap, the signal of pure substance and accurate quantitative results were still obtained. The average recoveries of the three methods were 94.5-104.9% for Alternating Trilinear Decomposition (ATLD) algorithm, 95.5-105.8% for Alternating Normalization Weighted Error (ANWE) algorithm and 94.4-105.7% for Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) algorithm, respectively. For ATLD, ANWE and PARAFAC, the relative standard deviations (RSD) were lower than 9.2%, 6.8% and 9.2%, and the RMSEPs were less than 8.1, 8.4 and 8.6 ng mL-1, respectively. In addition, the elliptic joint confidence region (EJCR) was adopted to further prove the accuracy of the three methods. The results showed that the three methods can accurately be quantified without significant difference. Good figures of merit parameters were also obtained. Among them, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of ibrutinib and pralatrexate were in the range of 0.11-0.76 ng mL-1 and 0.21-1.12 ng mL-1, respectively, which were lower than the corresponding blood concentrations. These results indicate that the proposed method provides a promising, alternative and universal analysis strategy for clinical drug monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yue Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hai-Long Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Huan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Gao-Yan Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ru-Qin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Limited Sampling Strategy for Determination of Ibrutinib Plasma Exposure: Joint Analyses with Metabolite Data. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020162. [PMID: 33670575 PMCID: PMC7922501 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring of ibrutinib is based on the area under the curve of concentration vs. time (AUCIBRU) instead of trough concentration (Cmin,ss) because of a limited accumulation in plasma. Our objective was to identify a limited sampling strategy (LSS) to estimate AUCIBRU associated with Bayesian estimation. The actual AUCIBRU of 85 patients was determined by the Bayesian analysis of the full pharmacokinetic profile of ibrutinib concentrations (pre-dose T0 and 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h post-dose) and experimental AUCIBRU were derived considering combinations of one to four sampling times. The T0–1–2–4 design was the most accurate LSS (root-mean-square error RMSE = 11.0%), and three-point strategies removing the 1 h or 2 h points (RMSE = 22.7% and 14.5%, respectively) also showed good accuracy. The correlation between the actual AUCIBRU and Cmin,ss was poor (r2 = 0.25). The joint analysis of dihydrodiol-ibrutinib metabolite concentrations did not improve the predictive performance of AUCIBRU. These results were confirmed in a prospective validation cohort (n = 27 patients). At least three samples, within the pre-dose and 4 h post-dose period, are necessary to estimate ibrutinib exposure accurately.
Collapse
|
12
|
Retmana IA, Beijnen JH, Sparidans RW. Chromatographic bioanalytical assays for targeted covalent kinase inhibitors and their metabolites. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1162:122466. [PMID: 33316750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deriving from targeted kinase inhibitors (TKIs), targeted covalent kinase inhibitors (TCKIs) are a new class of TKIs that are covalently bound to their target residue of kinase receptors. Currently, there are many new TCKIs under clinical development besides afatinib, ibrutinib, osimertinib, neratinib, acalabrutinib, dacomitinib, and zanubrutinib that are already approved by the FDA. Subsequently, there is an increasing demand for bioanalytical methods to qualitatively and quantitively investigate those compounds, leading to a number of papers reporting the development, validation, and use of bioanalytical methods for TCKIs. Most publications describe the technological set up of analytical methods that allow quantification of TCKIs in various biomatrices such as plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, tissue, and liver microsomes. In addition, the identification of metabolites and biotransformation pathways of new TCKIs has gained more interest in recent years. We provide an overview of bioanalytical methods of this new class of TCKIs. The included issues are sample pretreatment, chromatographic separation, detection, and method validation. In the scope of bioanalysis of TCKIs, protein precipitation is mostly applied to treat the biological matrices sample. Liquid chromatographic in reversed-phase mode (RPLC) and mass detection with triple quadrupole (QqQ) are the most often utilized separation and quantitative detection modes, respectively. There may be a possibility of increased use of the high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for qualitative investigation purposes in the future. We also found that US FDA and EMA guidelines are the most common guidelines employed as validation framework for the bioanalytical methods of TCKIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene A Retmana
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf W Sparidans
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Simultaneous measurement of acalabrutinib, ibrutinib, and their metabolites in beagle dog plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113613. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
14
|
Rood JJM, Jamalpoor A, van Hoppe S, van Haren MJ, Wasmann RE, Janssen MJ, Schinkel AH, Masereeuw R, Beijnen JH, Sparidans RW. Extrahepatic metabolism of ibrutinib. Invest New Drugs 2020; 39:1-14. [PMID: 32623551 PMCID: PMC7851014 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ibrutinib is a first-in-class Bruton's kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of multiple lymphomas. In addition to CYP3A4-mediated metabolism, glutathione conjugation can be observed. Subsequently, metabolism of the conjugates and finally their excretion in feces and urine occurs. These metabolites, however, can reach substantial concentrations in human subjects, especially when CYP3A4 is inhibited. Ibrutinib has unexplained nephrotoxicity and high metabolite concentrations are also found in kidneys of Cyp3a knockout mice. Here, a mechanism is proposed where the intermediate cysteine metabolite is bioactivated. The metabolism of ibrutinib through this glutathione cycle was confirmed in cultured human renal proximal tubule cells. Ibrutinib-mediated toxicity was enhanced in-vitro by inhibitors of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance protein (MRP). This was a result of accumulating cysteine metabolite levels due to efflux inhibition. Finally, through inhibition of downstream metabolism, it was shown now that direct conjugation was responsible for cysteine metabolite toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes J M Rood
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Benu apotheek Hoorn, Pakhuisstraat 80, 1621 GL, Hoorn, The Netherlands
| | - Amer Jamalpoor
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie van Hoppe
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Charles River Laboratories, Darwinweg 24, 2333 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs J van Haren
- Division of Chemical Biology & Drug Development, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Biological Chemistry Group, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland E Wasmann
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Manoe J Janssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred H Schinkel
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf W Sparidans
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Division of Chemical Biology & Drug Development, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bioanalysis of EGFRm inhibitor osimertinib, and its glutathione cycle- and desmethyl metabolites by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 177:112871. [PMID: 31539712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Osimertinib is a "third-generation'' oral, irreversible, tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of non-small cellular lung carcinoma and spares wild-type EGFR. Due to its reactive nature, osimertinib is, in addition to oxidative routes, metabolized through GSH coupling and subsequent further metabolism of these conjugates. The extent of the non-oxidative metabolism of osimertinib is unknown, and methods to quantify this metabolic route have not been reported yet. To gain insight into this metabolic route, a sensitive bioanalytical assay was developed for osimertinib, the active desmethyl metabolite AZ5104, and the thio-metabolites osimertinibs glutathione, cysteinylglycine, and cysteine conjugates was developed. The ease of synthesis of these metabolites was a key-part in the development of this assay. This was done through simple one-step synthesis and subsequent LC-purification. The compounds were characterized by NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Sample preparation was done by a simple protein crash with acetonitrile containing the stable isotopically labeled internal standards for osimertinib and the thio-metabolites, partial evaporation of solvents, and reconstitution in eluent, followed by UHPLC-MS/MS quantification. The assay was successfully validated in a 2-2000 nM calibration range for all compounds except the glutathione metabolite, where the LLOQ was set at 6 nM due to low accuracy at 2 nM. Limited stability was observed for osimertinib, AZ5104, and the glutathione metabolite. The clinical applicability of the assay was demonstrated in samples of patients treated with 80 mg osimertinib once daily, containing all investigated compounds at detectable and quantifiable levels.
Collapse
|
16
|
Novel high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous quantification of BCR-ABL and Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors and their three active metabolites in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1137:121928. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
17
|
Ezzeldin E, Iqbal M, Herqash RN, ElNahhas T. Simultaneous quantitative determination of seven novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors in plasma by a validated UPLC-MS/MS method and its application to human microsomal metabolic stability study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1136:121851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
18
|
P S S, Trivedi RK, Srinivas NR, Mullangi R. A review of bioanalytical methods for chronic lymphocytic leukemia drugs and metabolites in biological matrices. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 34:e4742. [PMID: 31749152 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Quantitation of drugs used for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in various biological matrices during both pre-clinical and clinical developments is very important, often in routine therapeutic drug monitoring. The first developed methods for quantitation were traditionally done on LC in combination with either UV or fluorescence detection. However, the emergence of LC with mass spectrometry in tandem in early 1990s has revolutionized the quantitation as it has provided better sensitivity and selectivity within a shorter run time; therefore it has become the choice of method for the analysis of various drugs. In this article, an overview of various bioanalytical methods (HPLC or LC-MS/MS) for the quantification of drugs for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, along with applicability of these methods, is given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh P S
- Jubilant Biosys, 2nd Stage, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dong J, Li S, Liu G. In vitro metabolism of ibrutinib in rat, dog and human hepatocytes using liquid chromatography combined with diode-array detection and Q-Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:1804-1815. [PMID: 31364190 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Ibrutinib is a potent Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor which has shown promising efficacy against various B-cell malignancies. Its metabolic profiles have not been disclosed. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolism of ibrutinib in the hepatocytes of rat, dog and human. METHODS Ibrutinib was incubated with hepatocytes at 37°C for 2 h, after which the samples were analyzed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection and Q-Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/DAD-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS). The acquired data were processed using MetWorks™ software. RESULTS A total of 20 metabolites were structurally identified by their MS and MS2 data. M1 and M5 were unambiguously identified using authentic standards. The biotransformation of ibrutinib involved hydroxylation, hydration, oxygenation, epoxide hydrolysis, dehydrogenation, dealkylation and GSH conjugation. CONCLUSIONS Humans have a relatively low capability for metabolizing ibrutinib. Compared with rat, dog had closer metabolic profiles to humans and would be more suitable for toxicity studies. This study provides more valuable information with respect to the in vitro disposition of ibrutinib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangnan Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Su Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China
| | - Guangxuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, 110042, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Du P, Guan Y, An Z, Li P, Liu L. A selective and robust UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of anlotinib, ceritinib and ibrutinib in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Analyst 2019; 144:5462-5471. [PMID: 31380858 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00861f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A selective and robust UPLC-MS/MS method has been firstly developed for simultaneous determination of three anti-tumor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (anlotinib, ANL; ceritinib, CER; ibrutinib, IBR) in rat plasma using cost-effective protein precipitation extraction. LC separation was achieved on Waters XBrige C18 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 3.5 μm) under gradient conditions in a run time of 5 min. ESI+ was involved through mass spectrometry. Multiple reaction monitoring transitions were at m/z 408.2 → 339.2 for ANL, 558.2 → 433.2 for CER, 441.0 → 138.0 for IBR, 285.0 → 193.1 for diazepam (internal standard), respectively. The optimized method was validated based on US FDA guideline, EMEA guideline as well as Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China. The assay was linear in the range of 0.1-20 ng mL-1 for ANL, 2-1000 ng mL-1 for CER, 1-500 ng mL-1 for IBR. Intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision for all analytes were ≦13.84% and ≦12.56%, respectively. ANL, CER and IBR were sufficiently stable under most investigated conditions. The optimized method was successfully applied for a pharmacokinetic study after single oral gavage administration of mixture (ANL, CER and IBR) at dose of 6 mg kg-1, 25 mg kg-1 and 10 mg kg-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Du
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yin Guan
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhuoling An
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Pengfei Li
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lihong Liu
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu J, Liu H, Zeng Q. The effect of naringenin on the pharmacokinetics of ibrutinib in rat: A drug–drug interaction study. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4507. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of PharmacyJiangsu Health Vocational College Nanjing China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- Department of PharmacyNanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
| | - Qingqi Zeng
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western MedicineJiangsu Health Vocational College Nanjing China
| |
Collapse
|