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Du P, He H, Wang J, Wang L, Meng Z, Jin X, Zhang L, Wang F, Li H, Xie Q. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the HMGR Gene Family in Taraxacum kok-saghyz Provide Insights into Its Regulation in Response to Ethylene and Methyl Jsamonate Treatments. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2646. [PMID: 39339620 PMCID: PMC11435204 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
HMGR (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase) plays a crucial role as the first rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway, which is the upstream pathway of natural rubber biosynthesis. In this study, we carried out whole-genome identification of Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TKS), a novel rubber-producing alternative plant, and obtained six members of the TkHMGR genes. Bioinformatic analyses were performed including gene structure, protein properties, chromosomal localization, evolutionary relationships, and cis-acting element analyses. The results showed that HMGR genes were highly conserved during evolution with a complete HMG-CoA reductase conserved domain and were closely related to Asteraceae plants during the evolutionary process. The α-helix is the most prominent feature of the secondary structure of the TkHMGR proteins. Collinearity analyses demonstrated that a whole-genome duplication (WGD) event and tandem duplication event play a key role in the expansion of this family and TkHMGR1 and TkHMGR6 have more homologous gene between other species. Cis-acting element analysis revealed that the TkHMGR gene family had a higher number of MYB-related, light-responsive, hormone-responsive elements. In addition, we investigated the expression patterns of family members induced by ethylene (ETH) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and their expression levels at different stages of T. kok-saghyz root development. Finally, subcellular localization results showed that six TkHMGR members were all located in the endoplasmic reticulum. In conclusion, the results of our study lay a certain theoretical basis for the subsequent improvement of rubber yield, molecular breeding of rubber-producing plants, and genetic improvement of T. kok-saghyz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Du
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Huan He
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Jiayin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Zhuang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Xiang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Liyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Hongbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Quanliang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
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Qiu Z, Guo W, Yu Q, Li D, Zhao M, Lv H, Hua X, Wang Y, Ma Q, Ding Z. Gibberellin 2-oxidase 1(CsGA2ox1) involved gibberellin biosynthesis regulates sprouting time in camellia sinensis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:869. [PMID: 39289599 PMCID: PMC11406726 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea is an important cash crop and buds are its main product. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of the sprouting time of tea plants, 'Yuchunzao', which was an early sprouting tea cultivar, was studied. 'Echa 1', sprout one week later than 'Yuchunzao' in spring, was used as the control. RESULTS A total of 26 hormonal compounds and its derivatives in tea plants were qualified by using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The result showed that GA20, GA3 and ICA were significantly different in 'Yuchunzao' than in 'Echa 1', with GA20 and GA3 up-regulated and ICA down-regulated. Based on the Illumina platform, transcriptome analysis revealed a total of 5,395 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A diterpenoid biosynthesis related gene, gibberellin 2-oxidase 1 (CsGA2ox1), was downregulated in 'Yuchunzao' compared to 'Echa 1'. CsGA2ox1 regulate the transformation of GA different forms in plants. The relative expression of CsGA2ox1 showed an adverse trend with the content of GA20 and GA3. Our results suggest that down regulation of CsGA2ox1 resulted in the accumulation of GA3 and GA20, and then promoted sprout of 'Yuchunzao'. CONCLUSION This study provides theoretical basis of tea plants sprout and guides the tea breeding in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Qiu
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Wenhui Guo
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Qian Yu
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Dongxue Li
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Mengjie Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Han Lv
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Xuewen Hua
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qingping Ma
- College of Agronomy, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China.
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
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3
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Wang M, Yuan Y, Han Y, Qiao F, Li J, Yan H. Two-dimensional hydrophilic imprinted resin-graphene oxide composite for selective extraction and rapid determination of gibberellin traces in licorice samples. Food Chem 2024; 452:139553. [PMID: 38733687 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This study presents novel methodologies and materials for selectively and sensitively determining gibberellin traces in licorice to address food safety concerns. A novel hydrophilic imprinted resin-graphene oxide composite (HMIR-GO) was developed with fast mass transfer, high adsorption capacity, and exceptional aqueous recognition performance for gibberellin. Leveraging the advantages of molecular imprinting, hydrophilic resin synthesis, and rapid mass transfer characteristics of GO, HMIR-GO was employed as an adsorbent, showing resistance to matrix interference. Coupled with HPLC, a rapid and selective method for determining gibberellin was established. Under optimal conditions, the method exhibited a wide linear range (0.02-5.00 μg g-1, r = 0.9999), low detection limits (3.3 ng g-1), and satisfactory recoveries (92.0-98.4%), enabling the accurate and rapid detection of gibberellin in licorice. This study introduces a pioneering strategy for the selective extraction and determination of trace gibberellin levels, offering insights for similar applications in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, College of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yanan Yuan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, College of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yehong Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, College of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Fengxia Qiao
- College of Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, Baoding University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Jinliang Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, College of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, College of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; State Key Laboratory of New Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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Cao J, Zeng J, Hu R, Liang W, Zheng T, Yang J, Liang X, Huang X, Chen Y. Comparative Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses of the Regulatory Mechanism of Light Intensity in the Synthesis of Endogenous Hormones and Anthocyanins in Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:989. [PMID: 39202350 PMCID: PMC11353614 DOI: 10.3390/genes15080989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the regulatory mechanism of endogenous hormones in the synthesis of anthocyanins in Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl (A. roxburghii) under different light intensities, this study used metabolomics and transcriptomics techniques to identify the key genes and transcription factors involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. We also analyzed the changes in and correlations between plant endogenous hormones and anthocyanin metabolites under different light intensities. The results indicate that light intensity significantly affects the levels of anthocyanin glycosides and endogenous hormones in leaves. A total of 38 anthocyanin-related differential metabolites were identified. Under 75% light transmittance (T3 treatment), the leaves exhibited the highest anthocyanin content and differentially expressed genes such as chalcone synthase (CHS), flavonol synthase (FLS), and flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase (F3'H) exhibited the highest expression levels. Additionally, 13 transcription factors were found to have regulatory relationships with 7 enzyme genes, with 11 possessing cis-elements responsive to plant hormones. The expression of six genes and two transcription factors was validated using qRT-PCR, with the results agreeing with those obtained using RNA sequencing. This study revealed that by modulating endogenous hormones and transcription factors, light intensity plays a pivotal role in regulating anthocyanin glycoside synthesis in A. roxburghii leaves. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying light-induced changes in leaf coloration and contribute to our knowledge of plant secondary metabolite regulation caused by environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Cao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.C.); (J.Z.); (R.H.); (W.L.); (X.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Jingjing Zeng
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.C.); (J.Z.); (R.H.); (W.L.); (X.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Ruoqun Hu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.C.); (J.Z.); (R.H.); (W.L.); (X.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Wanfeng Liang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.C.); (J.Z.); (R.H.); (W.L.); (X.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Tao Zheng
- Fujian Institute of Tropical Crops, Zhangzhou 363001, China; (T.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Junjie Yang
- Fujian Institute of Tropical Crops, Zhangzhou 363001, China; (T.Z.); (J.Y.)
| | - Xiaoying Liang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.C.); (J.Z.); (R.H.); (W.L.); (X.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.C.); (J.Z.); (R.H.); (W.L.); (X.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.C.); (J.Z.); (R.H.); (W.L.); (X.L.); (X.H.)
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Batool R, Xuelian G, Hui D, Xiuzhen L, Umer MJ, Rwomushana I, Ali A, Attia KA, Jingfei G, Zhenying W. Endophytic Fungi-Mediated Defense Signaling in Maize: Unraveling the Role of WRKY36 in Regulating Immunity against Spodoptera frugiperda. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14243. [PMID: 38467539 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Seed priming with beneficial endophytic fungi is an emerging sustainable strategy for enhancing plant resistance against insect pests. This study examined the effects of Beauvaria bassiana Bb20091317 and Metarhizium rileyi MrCDTLJ1 fungal colonization on maize growth, defence signalling, benzoxazinoid levels and gene expression. The colonization did not adversely affect plant growth but reduced larval weights of Spodoptera frugiperda. Maize leaves treated with M. rileyi exhibited higher levels of jasmonic acid, jasmonoyl-Isoleucine, salicylic acid, and indole acetic acid compared to control. B. bassiana and M. rileyi accelerated phytohormone increase upon S. frugiperda herbivory. Gene expression analysis revealed modulation of benzoxazinoid biosynthesis genes. We further elucidated the immune regulatory role of the transcription factor zmWRKY36 using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in maize. zmWRKY36 positively regulates maize immunity against S. frugiperda, likely by interacting with defense-related proteins. Transient overexpression of zmWRKY36 in tobacco-induced cell death, while silencing in maize reduced chitin-triggered reactive oxygen species burst, confirming its immune function. Overall, B. bassiana and M. rileyi successfully colonized maize, impacting larval growth, defense signalling, and zmWRKY36-mediated resistance. This sheds light on maize-endophyte-insect interactions for sustainable plant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raufa Batool
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gou Xuelian
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Dong Hui
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Long Xiuzhen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICR, CAAS), Anyang, Henan, China
| | | | - Abid Ali
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Kotb A Attia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guo Jingfei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Zhenying
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chen J, Tao Y, Yang S, Jiang F, Zhou G, Qian X, Zhu Y, Li L. A rapid and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of phytohormones in the medicinal plant saffron. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1347-1356. [PMID: 38334707 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00067f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is a valuable Chinese herb with high medicinal value. Saffron pistils are used as medicine, so increasing the number of flowers can increase the yield. Plant hormones have essential roles in the growth and development of saffron, as well as the response to biotic and abiotic stresses (especially in floral initiation), which may directly affect the number of flowers. Quantitative analysis of plant hormones provides a basis for more efficient research on their synthesis, transportation, metabolism, and action. However, starch (which interferes with extraction) is present in high levels, and hormone levels are extremely low, in saffron corms, thereby hampering accurate determination of plant-hormone levels in saffron. Herein, we screened an efficient and convenient pre-treatment method for plant materials containing abundant amounts of starch. Also, we proposed an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for the quantification of abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin (IAA). Then, the method was applied for the detection of hormone-content differences between flowering and non-flowering top buds, as well as between lateral and top buds. Our method showed high sensitivity, reproducibility, and reliability. Specifically, good linearity in the range 2-100 ng ml-1 was achieved in the determination of ABA and IAA, and the correlation coefficient (R2) was >0.9982. The relative standard deviation was 2.956-14.51% (intraday) and 9.57-18.99% (interday), and the recovery range was 89.04-101.1% (n = 9). The matrix effect was 80.38-90.50% (n = 3). The method was thoroughly assessed employing various "green" chemistry evaluation tools: Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI), Complementary Green Analytical Procedure Index (Complex GAPI) and Red Green Blue 12 Algorithm (RGB12). These tools revealed the good greenness, analytical performance, applicability, and overall sustainability alignment of our method. Quantitative results showed that, compared with saffron with a flowering phenotype cultivated at 25 °C, the contents of IAA and ABA in the terminal buds of saffron cultivated at 16 °C decreased significantly. When cultivated at 25 °C, the IAA and ABA contents in the terminal buds of saffron were 1.54- and 4.84-times higher than those in the lateral buds, respectively. A simple, rapid, and accurate UPLC-MS/MS method was established to determine IAA and ABA contents. Using this method, a connection between the contents of IAA and ABA and the flowering phenotype was observed in the quantification results. Our data lay a foundation for studying the flowering mechanism of saffron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- TCM Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Zhejiang Province for the Development and Clinical Transformation of Immunomodulatory Drugs, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Tao
- TCM Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Zhejiang Province for the Development and Clinical Transformation of Immunomodulatory Drugs, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou, China.
| | - Shuhui Yang
- TCM Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Zhejiang Province for the Development and Clinical Transformation of Immunomodulatory Drugs, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou, China.
| | - Fengqin Jiang
- TCM Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Zhejiang Province for the Development and Clinical Transformation of Immunomodulatory Drugs, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou, China.
| | - Guifen Zhou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Qian
- TCM Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Zhejiang Province for the Development and Clinical Transformation of Immunomodulatory Drugs, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou, China.
| | - Yuehong Zhu
- TCM Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Zhejiang Province for the Development and Clinical Transformation of Immunomodulatory Drugs, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou, China.
| | - Liqin Li
- TCM Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Zhejiang Province for the Development and Clinical Transformation of Immunomodulatory Drugs, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital HuZhou University, Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Huzhou, China.
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Zhuang S, Yun H, Zhou X, Li Y, Li S, Liu C, Zhang Y. Screening, isolation, and activity evaluation of potential xanthine oxidase inhibitors in Poria Cum Radix Pini and mechanism of action in the treatment of gout disease. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300505. [PMID: 38135883 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Poria Cum Radix Pini is a rare medicinal fungus that contains several potential therapeutic ingredients. On this basis, a particle swarm mathematical model was used to optimize the extraction process of total triterpenes from P. Cum Radix Pini, and xanthine oxidase inhibitors were screened using affinity ultrafiltration mass spectrometry. Meanwhile, the accuracy of the ultrafiltration assay was verified by molecular docking experiments and molecular dynamics analysis, and the mechanism of action of the active compounds for the treatment of gout was analyzed by enzymatic reaction kinetics and network pharmacology. A high-speed countercurrent chromatography method combined with the consecutive injection and the economical two-phase solvent system preparation using functional activity coefficient of universal quasichemical model (UNIFAC) mathematical model was developed for increasing the yield of target compound. In addition, dehydropachymic acid and pachymic acid were used as competitive inhibitors, and 3-O-acetyl-16alpha-hydroxydehydrotrametenolic acid and dehydrotrametenolic acid were used as mixed inhibitors. Then, activity-oriented separation and purification were performed by high-speed countercurrent chromatography combined with semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography and the purity of the four compounds isolated was higher than 90%. It will help to provide more opportunities to discover and develop new potential therapeutic remedies from health care food resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhuang
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Haocheng Yun
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Sainan Li
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yuchi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
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Electrochemical Determination of 4-Bromophenoxyacetic Acid Based on CeO2/eGr Composite. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090760. [PMID: 36140145 PMCID: PMC9496571 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The determination of plant growth regulators is of great importance for the quality monitoring of crops. In this work, 4-bromophenoxyacetic acid (4-BPA), one of the phenoxyacetic acids, was detected via the electrochemical method for the first time. A CeO2-decorated electrochemical exfoliated graphene (eGr) composite (CeO2/eGr) was constructed as the sensor for sensitive detection of 4-BPA due to the synergistic effect of the excellent catalytic active sites of CeO2 and good electron transference of the eGr. The developed CeO2/eGr sensor displayed a good linearity in a wide range from 0.3 to 150 μmol/L and the lowest detection limit of 0.06 μmol/L for 4-BPA detection. Electrochemical oxidation of 4-BPA follows a mix-controlled process on the CeO2/eGr electrode, which involves 2e in the transference process. This developed CeO2/eGr sensor has excellent repeatability with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.35% in 10 continuous measurements. Moreover, the practical application of the sensor for 4-BPA detection in apple juice has recoveries in the range of 90–108%. This proposed CeO2/eGr sensor has great potential for detecting plant growth regulators in the agricultural industry.
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Zhang Q, Chen Y, Yang Y, Liu Y, Wen M, Wang X. Fabrication of magnetic ordered mesoporous carbon for quantitative analysis of acidic phytohormones in mushroom samples prior to their determination by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2022.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A novel method was established for analysing trace four acidic phytohormones, namely, indole-3-acetic acid, 3-indolebutyric acid, abscisic acid, and 1-naphthylacetic acid, using magnetic ordered mesoporous carbon (MOMC). MOMC was facilely synthesised via self-assembly strategy with a direct carbonisation process. The properties of MOMC were characterised using various instruments. MOMC exhibited excellent adsorption capacity towards the analytes. Various critical parameters which may influence the enrichment efficiency were evaluated, including amount of MOMC, extraction conditions, and desorption conditions. An efficient method based on MOMC magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) was developed to analyse the trace four acidic phytohormones, with good correlation coefficients (R
2 = 0.9965–0.9998) and low limits of detection (0.13–9.7 ng L−1, S/N = 3). Trace acidic phytohormones in Agaricus bisporus and Hypsizygus marmoreus samples were determined with satisfactory recoveries (91.8–108%) and reproducibility (2.6–6.3%). The features indicated that MOMC provides an efficient platform for mushroom sampling; the developed method is convenient, promising, and sensitive for the detection of trace phytohormones in complicated mushroom samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianchun Zhang
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food and Environment Pollution of Qian Xi Nan, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, 562400, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food and Environment Pollution of Qian Xi Nan, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, 562400, PR China
| | - Yanqun Yang
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food and Environment Pollution of Qian Xi Nan, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, 562400, PR China
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Detection, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi, 541004, PR China
| | - Yulan Liu
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food and Environment Pollution of Qian Xi Nan, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, 562400, PR China
| | - Ming Wen
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food and Environment Pollution of Qian Xi Nan, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, 562400, PR China
| | - Xingyi Wang
- School of Biology and Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food and Environment Pollution of Qian Xi Nan, Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, 562400, PR China
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LIN S, DING Q, ZHANG W, ZHANG L, LU Q. [Novel adsorption material for solid phase extraction in sample pretreatment of plant hormones]. Se Pu 2021; 39:1281-1290. [PMID: 34811999 PMCID: PMC9404001 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2021.03045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant hormones (PHs) are of significance in plant growth, as they regulate the various processes related to plant growth, development, and resistance. Sensitive and precise quantitative analysis of PHs is a bottleneck in plant science research. Currently, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is used for the accurate and efficient detection of PHs. Sample pretreatment is an indispensable step in the chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of PHs because it directly affects the sensitivity and accuracy of subsequent detection methods. Among various pretreatment methods for PHs, solid phase extraction (SPE) is the most widely used. Various new types of SPE, such as dispersive SPE, magnetic SPE, and solid phase microextraction, have been developed by modifying the extraction cartridge. The choice of adsorption material is the key factor in the abovementioned SPE methods, which has a decisive effect on the extraction, purification, and enrichment effects of the target substance in the sample pretreatment process. Carbon-based materials, including carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon and nitrogen compounds, as well as organic frameworks, including metal organic frameworks and covalent organic materials, are suitable adsorption materials because of their designable structure, large specific surface area, and good stability. Molecularly imprinted polymers and supramolecular compounds show specific molecular recognition based on host-guest interactions, which can significantly improve the selectivity of sample pretreatment methods. In this paper, SPE-related technology and the abovementioned types of functionalized adsorption materials in the pretreatment of PHs prevalent in the past five years have been reviewed. The related development trends are also summarized.
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11
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Jiang C, Han H, Dai J, Wang Z, Chai Y, Wang C, Liu X, Lu C, Chen H. Insights into stress degradation behavior of gibberellic acid by UHPLC Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2021; 367:130662. [PMID: 34343799 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA3) is widely applied in agriculture and food worldwide. Profiling the degradation products and their formation pattern under stress are helpful for deeply understanding GA3 regulating plant physiology and GA3 safety in agricultural crops. This study firstly investigated the degradation behavior of GA3. Different stress factors such as light, pH and temperatures were investigated through photolysis and hydrolysis experiments. Five degradation products were identified using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS). Three degradation products were produced under ultraviolet photolysis conditions. Two isomers (iso-GA3 and gibberellenic acid) were formed under alkaline conditions. In order to characterize each degradation product, complete mass fragmentation pathways of all analytes were initially established. These results could provide a practical reference for the safety of agricultural products and the guidance for scientific application of GA3 and proposed storage conditions of GA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changling Jiang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haolei Han
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinxia Dai
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yunfeng Chai
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety & Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety & Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety & Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Chengyin Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety & Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Hongping Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety & Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China.
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Yang Q, Ai X, Dong J, Liu Y, Zhou S, Yang Y, Xu N. A QuEChERS-HPLC-MS/MS Method with Matrix Matching Calibration Strategy for Determination of Imidacloprid and Its Metabolites in Procambarus clarkii (Crayfish) Tissues. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020274. [PMID: 33430495 PMCID: PMC7827598 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a method for determination of imidacloprid and its metabolites 5-hydroxy imidacloprid, olefin imidacloprid, imidacloprid urea and 6-chloronicotinic acid in Procambarus clarkii (crayfish) tissues using quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) and high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Samples (plasma, cephalothorax, hepatopancrea, gill, intestine, and muscle) were extracted with acetonitrile containing 0.1% acetic acid and cleaned up using a neutral alumina column containing a primary secondary amine. The prepared samples were separated using reverse phase chromatography and scanned in the positive and negative ion multiple reaction-monitoring modes. Under the optimum experimental conditions, spiked recoveries for these compounds in P. clarkii samples ranged from 80.6 to 112.7% with relative standard deviations of 4.2 to 12.6%. The limits of detection were 0.02-0.5 μg·L-1, the limits of quantification were 0.05-2.0 μg·L-1 and the method of quantification was 0.05-2.0 μg·kg-1. The method is rapid, simple, sensitive and suitable for rapid determination and analysis of imidacloprid and its metabolites in P. clarkii tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.D.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.Y.); (N.X.)
- Correspondence: (Q.Y.); (X.A.)
| | - Xiaohui Ai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.D.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.Y.); (N.X.)
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100141, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Y.); (X.A.)
| | - Jing Dong
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.D.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.Y.); (N.X.)
| | - Yongtao Liu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.D.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.Y.); (N.X.)
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100141, China
| | - Shun Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.D.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.Y.); (N.X.)
| | - Yibin Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.D.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.Y.); (N.X.)
| | - Ning Xu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.D.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.Y.); (N.X.)
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Xu X, Fang L, Li L, Ma G, Wu K, Zeng S. Abscisic Acid Inhibits Asymbiotic Germination of Immature Seeds of Paphiopedilum armeniacum. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9561. [PMID: 33334056 PMCID: PMC7768472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Paphiopedilum armeniacum is a rare orchid native to China with high ornamental value. The germination of P. armeniacum seeds is difficult, especially for the mature seeds, which is the major limitation for their large-scale reproduction. This study explored the reasons for seed germination inhibition from the aspects of the important plant endogenous hormone-abscisic acid (ABA). The major endogenous hormone contents of seeds were determined at different developmental stages. The ABA content was 5.8 ng/g in 73 days after pollination (DAP) for the immature seeds, peaked at 14.6 ng/g in 129 DAP seeds, and dropped to 2.6 ng/g in the late mature stage of the 150 DAP seeds. The reduction of ABA content in the mature seed suggests a possible contribution to the increased expression of CYP707A, an ABA catabolism gene. The germination rate of the immature seeds was reduced to 9% from 69% when 5 μg/mL ABA was added to the Hyponex N026 germination medium. The result showed that ABA can inhibit the germination of P. armeniacum immature seeds. However, for the heavily lignified mature seeds, reduction in endogenous ABA level does not result in an increase in the germination rate. Lignin accumulation in the seed coat imposes the physical dormancy for P. armeniacum. In summary, the germination of P. armeniacum is regulated by both ABA and lignin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (X.X.); (L.F.); (L.L.); (G.M.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (X.X.); (L.F.); (L.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Lin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (X.X.); (L.F.); (L.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Guohua Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (X.X.); (L.F.); (L.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Kunlin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (X.X.); (L.F.); (L.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Songjun Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; (X.X.); (L.F.); (L.L.); (G.M.)
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Jiang C, Han H, Dai J, Wang Z, Chai Y, Lu C, Chen H. A Dissipation Pattern of Gibberellic Acid and Its Metabolite, Isogibberellic Acid, during Tea Planting, Manufacturing, and Brewing. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14417-14425. [PMID: 33191742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As a widely used plant growth regulator, the gibberellic acid (GA3) residue in tea has potential risk for human health. Herein, the degradation of GA3 and its conversion into main metabolites were investigated during tea planting, manufacturing, and brewing using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The metabolite iso-GA3 was first discovered during the tea production chain and identified using Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry. GA3 dissipated following first-order kinetics in tea shoots with half-lives ranging from 2.46 to 2.74 days. It was degraded into iso-GA3 in tea shoots, which had a longer residual period than GA3. Meanwhile, external application of GA3 could increase the proportion of growth-promoting endogenous phytohormones and lead to rapid growth of tea plants. During tea manufacturing, iso-GA3 was quickly and massively converted from GA3. Fixing (heat at 220-230 °C) played an important role in the dissipation of GA3 and iso-GA3 during green tea manufacturing, but there were high residues of iso-GA3 in black tea. High transfer rates (77.3 to 94.5%) of GA3 and iso-GA3 were observed during tea brewing. These results could provide a practical reference for food safety in tea and other agricultural products and the guidance for scientific application of GA3 in tea planting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changling Jiang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haolei Han
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinxia Dai
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Key laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Tea and Food Science & Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yunfeng Chai
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety & Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Chengyin Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety & Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety & Risk Assessment, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, China
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