1
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Solhi L, Guccini V, Heise K, Solala I, Niinivaara E, Xu W, Mihhels K, Kröger M, Meng Z, Wohlert J, Tao H, Cranston ED, Kontturi E. Understanding Nanocellulose-Water Interactions: Turning a Detriment into an Asset. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1925-2015. [PMID: 36724185 PMCID: PMC9999435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Modern technology has enabled the isolation of nanocellulose from plant-based fibers, and the current trend focuses on utilizing nanocellulose in a broad range of sustainable materials applications. Water is generally seen as a detrimental component when in contact with nanocellulose-based materials, just like it is harmful for traditional cellulosic materials such as paper or cardboard. However, water is an integral component in plants, and many applications of nanocellulose already accept the presence of water or make use of it. This review gives a comprehensive account of nanocellulose-water interactions and their repercussions in all key areas of contemporary research: fundamental physical chemistry, chemical modification of nanocellulose, materials applications, and analytical methods to map the water interactions and the effect of water on a nanocellulose matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Solhi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Valentina Guccini
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Katja Heise
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Iina Solala
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Elina Niinivaara
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland.,Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Wenyang Xu
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland.,Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology, Åbo Akademi University, TurkuFI-20500, Finland
| | - Karl Mihhels
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Marcel Kröger
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Zhuojun Meng
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland.,Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou325001, China
| | - Jakob Wohlert
- Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC), Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Han Tao
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
| | - Emily D Cranston
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z4, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British ColumbiaV6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, EspooFI-00076, Finland
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2
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Österberg M, Henn KA, Farooq M, Valle-Delgado JJ. Biobased Nanomaterials─The Role of Interfacial Interactions for Advanced Materials. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2200-2241. [PMID: 36720130 PMCID: PMC9999428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This review presents recent advances regarding biomass-based nanomaterials, focusing on their surface interactions. Plant biomass-based nanoparticles, like nanocellulose and lignin from industry side streams, hold great potential for the development of lightweight, functional, biodegradable, or recyclable material solutions for a sustainable circular bioeconomy. However, to obtain optimal properties of the nanoparticles and materials made thereof, it is crucial to control the interactions both during particle production and in applications. Herein we focus on the current understanding of these interactions. Solvent interactions during particle formation and production, as well as interactions with water, polymers, cells and other components in applications, are addressed. We concentrate on cellulose and lignin nanomaterials and their combination. We demonstrate how the surface chemistry of the nanomaterials affects these interactions and how excellent performance is only achieved when the interactions are controlled. We furthermore introduce suitable methods for probing interactions with nanomaterials, describe their advantages and challenges, and introduce some less commonly used methods and discuss their possible applications to gain a deeper understanding of the interfacial chemistry of biobased nanomaterials. Finally, some gaps in current understanding and interesting emerging research lines are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Österberg
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
| | - K Alexander Henn
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
| | - Juan José Valle-Delgado
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
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3
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Gacias-Amengual N, Wohlschlager L, Csarman F, Ludwig R. Fluorescent Imaging of Extracellular Fungal Enzymes Bound onto Plant Cell Walls. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095216. [PMID: 35563607 PMCID: PMC9105846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignocelluloytic enzymes are industrially applied as biocatalysts for the deconstruction of recalcitrant plant biomass. To study their biocatalytic and physiological function, the assessment of their binding behavior and spatial distribution on lignocellulosic material is a crucial prerequisite. In this study, selected hydrolases and oxidoreductases from the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium were localized on model substrates as well as poplar wood by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Two different detection approaches were investigated: direct tagging of the enzymes and tagging specific antibodies generated against the enzymes. Site-directed mutagenesis was employed to introduce a single surface-exposed cysteine residue for the maleimide site-specific conjugation. Specific polyclonal antibodies were produced against the enzymes and were labeled using N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester as a cross-linker. Both methods allowed the visualization of cell wall-bound enzymes but showed slightly different fluorescent yields. Using native poplar thin sections, we identified the innermost secondary cell wall layer as the preferential attack point for cellulose-degrading enzymes. Alkali pretreatment resulted in a partial delignification and promoted substrate accessibility and enzyme binding. The methods presented in this study are suitable for the visualization of enzymes during catalytic biomass degradation and can be further exploited for interaction studies of lignocellulolytic enzymes in biorefineries.
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4
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Csarman F, Gusenbauer C, Wohlschlager L, van Erven G, Kabel MA, Konnerth J, Potthast A, Ludwig R. Non-productive binding of cellobiohydrolase i investigated by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. CELLULOSE (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 28:9525-9545. [PMID: 34720466 PMCID: PMC8550311 DOI: 10.1007/s10570-021-04002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Future biorefineries are facing the challenge to separate and depolymerize biopolymers into their building blocks for the production of biofuels and basic molecules as chemical stock. Fungi have evolved lignocellulolytic enzymes to perform this task specifically and efficiently, but a detailed understanding of their heterogeneous reactions is a prerequisite for the optimization of large-scale enzymatic biomass degradation. Here, we investigate the binding of cellulolytic enzymes onto biopolymers by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy for the fast and precise characterization of enzyme adsorption processes. Using different sensor architectures, SPR probes modified with regenerated cellulose as well as with lignin films were prepared by spin-coating techniques. The modified SPR probes were analyzed by atomic force microscopy and static contact angle measurements to determine physical and surface molecular properties. SPR spectroscopy was used to study the activity and affinity of Trichoderma reesei cellobiohydrolase I (CBHI) glycoforms on the modified SPR probes. N-glycan removal led to no significant change in activity or cellulose binding, while a slightly higher tendency for non-productive binding to SPR probes modified with different lignin fractions was observed. The results suggest that the main role of the N-glycosylation in CBHI is not to prevent non-productive binding to lignin, but probably to increase its stability against proteolytic degradation. The work also demonstrates the suitability of SPR-based techniques for the characterization of the binding of lignocellulolytic enzymes to biomass-derived polymers. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10570-021-04002-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Csarman
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Gusenbauer
- Department of Materials Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Materials, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Lena Wohlschlager
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gijs van Erven
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam A. Kabel
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Konnerth
- Department of Materials Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Materials, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Antje Potthast
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry of Renewable Resources, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Roland Ludwig
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biocatalysis and Biosensing Laboratory, BOKU University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Schölch S, Schäfer JL, Meckel T, Brandstetter T, Biesalski M, Rühe J. Diazo-Based Copolymers for the Wet Strength Improvement of Paper Based on Thermally Induced CH-Insertion Cross-Linking. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2864-2873. [PMID: 34126012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We present an alternative to commonly used, but from an environmental point of view, problematic wet strength agents, which are usually added to paper to prevent a loss of mechanical stability and finally disintegrate when they get into contact with water. To this end, diazoester-containing copolymers are generated, which are coated onto paper and by heating to 110-160 °C for short periods of time become activated and form carbene intermediates, which undergo a CH-insertion cross-linking reaction. The process leads to a simultaneous cross-linking of the polymer and its attachment to the cellulose substrate. The immobilization process of copolymers consisting of a hydrophilic matrix based on N,N-dimethylacrylamide and a diazoester-based comonomer to a cellulose model surface and to laboratory-engineered, fibrous paper substrates is investigated as a function of time, temperature, and cross-linker composition. The distribution of the polymer in the fiber network is studied using confocal fluorescence microscopy. Finally, the tensile properties of modified wet and dry eucalyptus sulfate papers are measured to demonstrate the strong effect of the thermally cross-linked copolymers on the wet strength of paper substrates. Initial experiments show that the tensile indices of the modified and wetted paper samples are up to 50 times higher compared to the values measured for unmodified samples. When dry and wet papers coated with the above-described wetting agents are compared, relative wet strengths of over 30% are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schölch
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Laboratory for Chemistry & Physics of Interfaces, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, Freiburg 79110, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Jan-Lukas Schäfer
- Makromolekulare Chemie und Papierchemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Tobias Meckel
- Makromolekulare Chemie und Papierchemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Thomas Brandstetter
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Laboratory for Chemistry & Physics of Interfaces, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Markus Biesalski
- Makromolekulare Chemie und Papierchemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rühe
- Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Laboratory for Chemistry & Physics of Interfaces, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, Freiburg 79110, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg 79110, Germany
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6
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Köklükaya O, Karlsson RMP, Carosio F, Wågberg L. The use of model cellulose gel beads to clarify flame-retardant characteristics of layer-by-layer nanocoatings. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 255:117468. [PMID: 33436236 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Layer-by-Layer (LbL) assembled nanocoatings are exploited to impart flame-retardant properties to cellulosic substrates. A model cellulose material can make it possible to investigate an optimal bilayer (BL) range for the deposition of coating while elucidating the main flame-retardant action thus allowing for an efficient design of optimized LbL formulations. Model cellulose gel beads were prepared by dissolving cellulose-rich fibers followed by precipitation. The beads were LbL-treated with chitosan (CH) and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP). The char forming properties were studied using thermal gravimetric analysis. The coating increased the char yield in nitrogen to up to 29 % and showed a distinct pattern of micro intumescent behavior upon heating. An optimal range of 10-20 BL is observed. The well-defined model cellulose gel beads hence introduce a new scientific route both to clarify the fundamental effects of different film components and to optimize the composition of the films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oruç Köklükaya
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rose-Marie Pernilla Karlsson
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federico Carosio
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Alessandria Site Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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7
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Zhang H, Zhen W. Performance, rheological behavior and enzymatic degradation of poly(lactic acid)/modified fulvic acid composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:181-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Stenholm Å, Hedeland M, Arvidsson T, Pettersson CE. Removal of diclofenac from a non-sterile aqueous system using Trametes versicolor with an emphasis on adsorption and biodegradation mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:2460-2472. [PMID: 29464996 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1444098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the search for procedures through which the xenobiotic pollutant diclofenac can be removed from non-sterile aquatic systems. Specifically, adsorption to solid supports (carriers) in combination with biodegradation by non-immobilized and immobilized white rot fungus Trametes versicolor were investigated. Batch experiments using polyurethane foam (PUF)-carriers resulted in 99.9% diclofenac removal after 4 h, with monolayer adsorption of diclofenac to carrier and glass surfaces accounting for most of the diclofenac decrease. Enzymatic reactions contributed less, accounting for approximately < 0.5% of this decrease. In bioreactor experiments using PUF-carriers, an initial 100% removal was achieved with biodegradation contributing approximately 7%. In batch experiments that utilized polyethylene-carriers with negligible immobilization of Trametes versicolor, a 98% total diclofenac removal was achieved after one week, with a biodegradation contribution of approximately 14%. Five novel enzyme-catalyzed biodegradation products were tentatively identified in the batch-wise and bioreactor experiments using full scan ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry. Both reduction and oxidation products were found, with the contents estimated to be at µg L-1 concentration levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åke Stenholm
- a Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
- b GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Mikael Hedeland
- a Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
- c Department of Chemistry, Environment and Feed Hygiene, National Veterinary Institute (SVA) , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Arvidsson
- a Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
- d Medical Products Agency , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Curt E Pettersson
- a Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
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9
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Puspasari T, Huang T, Sutisna B, Peinemann KV. Cellulose-polyethyleneimine blend membranes with anomalous nanofiltration performance. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Onaizi SA. Cellulosic biosensor chips for monitoring adsorptive interaction of rubisco protein with cellulose using SPR. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Hydrolysis of model cellulose films by cellulosomes: Extension of quartz crystal microbalance technique to multienzymatic complexes. J Biotechnol 2016; 241:42-49. [PMID: 27838255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulosomes contain highly efficient complexed cellulases and have been studied extensively for the production of lignocellulosic biofuels and bioproducts. A surface measurement technique, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D), was extended for the investigation of real-time binding and hydrolysis of model cellulose surfaces from free fungal cellulases to the cellulosomes of Clostridium thermocellum (Ruminiclostridium thermocellum). In differentiating the activities of cell-free and cell-bound cellulosomes, greater than 68% of the cellulosomes in the crude cell broth were found to exist unattached to the cell across multiple growth stages. The initial hydrolysis rate of crude cell broth measured by QCM was greater than that of cell-free cellulosomes, but the corresponding frequency drop (a direct measure of the mass of enzyme adsorbed to the film) of crude cell broth was less than that of the cell-free cellulosomes, consistent with the underestimation of the cell mass adsorbed using QCM. Inhibition of hydrolysis by cellobiose (0-10g/L), which is similar for crude cell broth and cell-free cellulosomes, demonstrates the sensitivity of the QCM to environmental perturbations of multienzymatic complexes. QCM measurements using multienzymatic complexes may be used to screen and optimize hydrolysis conditions and to develop mechanistic, surface-based models of enzymatic cellulose deconstruction.
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12
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Benselfelt T, Cranston ED, Ondaral S, Johansson E, Brumer H, Rutland MW, Wågberg L. Adsorption of Xyloglucan onto Cellulose Surfaces of Different Morphologies: An Entropy-Driven Process. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2801-11. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Benselfelt
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology and Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emily D. Cranston
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Sedat Ondaral
- Department
of Pulp and Paper Technology, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | | | - Harry Brumer
- The
Michael Smith Laboratories and the Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mark W. Rutland
- Surface and
Corrosion Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology and Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Elschner T, Reishofer D, Kargl R, Grießer T, Heinze T, Kleinschek KS. Reactive cellulose-based thin films – a concept for multifunctional polysaccharide surfaces. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14227c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive coatings of hydroxyethyl cellulose furoate in the form of thin films, suitable for the covalent immobilization of functional molecules, were developed and characterized in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Elschner
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
- Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers
- University of Maribor
- 2000 Maribor
- Slovenia
| | - David Reishofer
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Rupert Kargl
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
- Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers
- University of Maribor
- 2000 Maribor
- Slovenia
| | - Thomas Grießer
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials
- University of Leoben
- 8700 Leoben
- Austria
| | - Thomas Heinze
- Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Friedrich Schiller University of Jena
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Karin Stana Kleinschek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
- Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers
- University of Maribor
- 2000 Maribor
- Slovenia
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14
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Wang C, Venditti RA, Zhang K. Tailor-made functional surfaces based on cellulose-derived materials. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:5791-9. [PMID: 26084889 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most abundant natural materials in nature, cellulose has revealed enormous potential for the construction of functional materials thanks to its sustainability, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Among many fascinating applications, functional surfaces based on cellulose-derived materials have attracted increasing interest recently, as platforms for diagnostics, sensoring, robust catalysis, water treatment, ultrafiltration, and anti-microbial surfaces. This mini-review attempts to cover the general methodology for the fabrication of functional cellulose surface and a few popular applications including bioactive and non-adhesive (i.e., anti-fouling and anti-microbial) surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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15
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Wang C, Esker AR. Nanocrystalline chitin thin films. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 102:151-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.10.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Identification of a fungus able to secrete enzymes that degrade regenerated cellulose films and analyses of its extracellular hydrolases. ANN MICROBIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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17
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Picheth GF, Sierakowski MR, Woehl MA, Pirich CL, Schreiner WH, Pontarolo R, de Freitas RA. Characterisation of ultra-thin films of oxidised bacterial cellulose for enhanced anchoring and build-up of polyelectrolyte multilayers. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-3048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Reyes-Ortiz V, Heins RA, Cheng G, Kim EY, Vernon BC, Elandt RB, Adams PD, Sale KL, Hadi MZ, Simmons BA, Kent MS, Tullman-Ercek D. Addition of a carbohydrate-binding module enhances cellulase penetration into cellulose substrates. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2013; 6:93. [PMID: 23819686 PMCID: PMC3716932 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cellulases are of great interest for application in biomass degradation, yet the molecular details of the mode of action of glycoside hydrolases during degradation of insoluble cellulose remain elusive. To further improve these enzymes for application at industrial conditions, it is critical to gain a better understanding of not only the details of the degradation process, but also the function of accessory modules. METHOD We fused a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) from family 2a to two thermophilic endoglucanases. We then applied neutron reflectometry to determine the mechanism of the resulting enhancements. RESULTS Catalytic activity of the chimeric enzymes was enhanced up to three fold on insoluble cellulose substrates as compared to wild type. Importantly, we demonstrate that the wild type enzymes affect primarily the surface properties of an amorphous cellulose film, while the chimeras containing a CBM alter the bulk properties of the amorphous film. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the CBM improves the efficiency of these cellulases by enabling digestion within the bulk of the film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimalier Reyes-Ortiz
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, US
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, US
| | - Richard A Heins
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, US
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, US
| | - Gang Cheng
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, US
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, US
| | - Edward Y Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, US
| | - Briana C Vernon
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, US
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, US
| | - Ryan B Elandt
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, US
| | - Paul D Adams
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, US
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, US
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, US
| | - Kenneth L Sale
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, US
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, US
| | - Masood Z Hadi
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, US
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, US
| | - Blake A Simmons
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, US
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550, US
| | - Michael S Kent
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, US
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, US
| | - Danielle Tullman-Ercek
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608, US
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, US
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, US
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, US
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19
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Bubner P, Plank H, Nidetzky B. Visualizing cellulase activity. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:1529-49. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.24884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Martín-Sampedro R, Rahikainen JL, Johansson LS, Marjamaa K, Laine J, Kruus K, Rojas OJ. Preferential Adsorption and Activity of Monocomponent Cellulases on Lignocellulose Thin Films with Varying Lignin Content. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:1231-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bm400230s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Martín-Sampedro
- Department of Forest Products
Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jenni L. Rahikainen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo,
Finland
| | - Leena-Sisko Johansson
- Department of Forest Products
Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kaisa Marjamaa
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo,
Finland
| | - Janne Laine
- Department of Forest Products
Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kristiina Kruus
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo,
Finland
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department of Forest Products
Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- Departments of Forest
and Biomaterials
and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United
States
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21
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Zeder-Lutz G, Renau-Ferrer S, Aguié-Béghin V, Rakotoarivonina H, Chabbert B, Altschuh D, Rémond C. Novel surface-based methodologies for investigating GH11 xylanase–lignin derivative interactions. Analyst 2013; 138:6889-99. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00772c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Gustafsson E, Larsson PA, Wågberg L. Treatment of cellulose fibres with polyelectrolytes and wax colloids to create tailored highly hydrophobic fibrous networks. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2012.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Maurer SA, Bedbrook CN, Radke CJ. Competitive sorption kinetics of inhibited endo- and exoglucanases on a model cellulose substrate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:14598-608. [PMID: 22966968 DOI: 10.1021/la3024524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, the competitive adsorption of inhibited cellobiohydrolase I (Cel7A, an exoglucanase) and endoglucanase I (Cel7B) from T. longibrachiatum is studied on cellulose. Using quartz crystal microgravimetry (QCM), sorption histories are measured for individual types of cellulases and their mixtures adsorbing to and desorbing from a model cellulose surface. We find that Cel7A has a higher adsorptive affinity for cellulose than does Cel7B. The adsorption of both cellulases becomes irreversible on time scales of 30-60 min, which are much shorter than those typically used for industrial cellulose hydrolysis. A multicomponent Langmuir kinetic model including first-order irreversible binding is proposed. Although adsorption and desorption rate constants differ between the two enzymes, the rate at which each surface enzyme irreversibly binds is identical. Because of the higher affinity of Cel7A for the cellulose surface, when Cel7A and Cel7B compete for surface sites, a significantly higher bulk concentration of Cel7B is required to achieve comparable surface enzyme concentrations. Because cellulose deconstruction benefits significantly from the cooperative activity of endoglucanases and cellobiohydrolases on the cellulose surface, accounting for competitive adsorption is crucial to developing effective cellulase mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Maurer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1462, USA
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24
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Gustafsson E, Johansson E, Wågberg L, Pettersson T. Direct Adhesive Measurements between Wood Biopolymer Model Surfaces. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:3046-53. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300762e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emil Gustafsson
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center and ‡Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School
of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm,
Sweden
| | - Erik Johansson
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center and ‡Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School
of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm,
Sweden
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center and ‡Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School
of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm,
Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Pettersson
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center and ‡Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School
of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm,
Sweden
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25
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Maurer SA, Bedbrook CN, Radke CJ. Cellulase Adsorption and Reactivity on a Cellulose Surface from Flow Ellipsometry. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie3008538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Maurer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1462, United States
| | - C. N. Bedbrook
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1462, United States
| | - C. J. Radke
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1462, United States
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26
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Palmqvist B, Lidén G. Torque measurements reveal large process differences between materials during high solid enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulose. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2012; 5:57. [PMID: 22867035 PMCID: PMC3502536 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-5-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common trend in the research on 2nd generation bioethanol is the focus on intensifying the process and increasing the concentration of water insoluble solids (WIS) throughout the process. However, increasing the WIS content is not without problems. For example, the viscosity of pretreated lignocellulosic materials is known to increase drastically with increasing WIS content. Further, at elevated viscosities, problems arise related to poor mixing of the material, such as poor distribution of the enzymes and/or difficulties with temperature and pH control, which results in possible yield reduction. Achieving good mixing is unfortunately not without cost, since the power requirements needed to operate the impeller at high viscosities can be substantial. This highly important scale-up problem can easily be overlooked. RESULTS In this work, we monitor the impeller torque (and hence power input) in a stirred tank reactor throughout high solid enzymatic hydrolysis (< 20% WIS) of steam-pretreated Arundo donax and spruce. Two different process modes were evaluated, where either the impeller speed or the impeller power input was kept constant. Results from hydrolysis experiments at a fixed impeller speed of 10 rpm show that a very rapid decrease in impeller torque is experienced during hydrolysis of pretreated arundo (i.e. it loses its fiber network strength), whereas the fiber strength is retained for a longer time within the spruce material. This translates into a relatively low, rather WIS independent, energy input for arundo whereas the stirring power demand for spruce is substantially larger and quite WIS dependent. By operating the impeller at a constant power input (instead of a constant impeller speed) it is shown that power input greatly affects the glucose yield of pretreated spruce whereas the hydrolysis of arundo seems unaffected. CONCLUSIONS The results clearly highlight the large differences between the arundo and spruce materials, both in terms of needed energy input, and glucose yields. The impact of power input on glucose yield is furthermore shown to vary significantly between the materials, with spruce being very affected while arundo is not. These findings emphasize the need for substrate specific process solutions, where a short pre-hydrolysis (or viscosity reduction) might be favorable for arundo whereas fed-batch might be a better solution for spruce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Palmqvist
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Lidén
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, Lund, SE-221 00, Sweden
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27
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Cheng G, Datta S, Liu Z, Wang C, Murton JK, Brown PA, Jablin MS, Dubey M, Majewski J, Halbert CE, Browning JF, Esker AR, Watson BJ, Zhang H, Hutcheson SW, Huber DL, Sale KL, Simmons BA, Kent MS. Interactions of endoglucanases with amorphous cellulose films resolved by neutron reflectometry and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:8348-58. [PMID: 22554348 DOI: 10.1021/la300955q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A study of the interaction of four endoglucanases with amorphous cellulose films by neutron reflectometry (NR) and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) is reported. The endoglucanases include a mesophilic fungal endoglucanase (Cel45A from H. insolens), a processive endoglucanase from a marine bacterium (Cel5H from S. degradans ), and two from thermophilic bacteria (Cel9A from A. acidocaldarius and Cel5A from T. maritima ). The use of amorphous cellulose is motivated by the promise of ionic liquid pretreatment as a second generation technology that disrupts the native crystalline structure of cellulose. The endoglucanases displayed highly diverse behavior. Cel45A and Cel5H, which possess carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), penetrated and digested within the bulk of the films to a far greater extent than Cel9A and Cel5A, which lack CBMs. While both Cel45A and Cel5H were active within the bulk of the films, striking differences were observed. With Cel45A, substantial film expansion and interfacial broadening were observed, whereas for Cel5H the film thickness decreased with little interfacial broadening. These results are consistent with Cel45A digesting within the interior of cellulose chains as a classic endoglucanase, and Cel5H digesting predominantly at chain ends consistent with its designation as a processive endoglucanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cheng
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California, USA
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28
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Lavenson DM, Tozzi EJ, Karuna N, Jeoh T, Powell RL, McCarthy MJ. The effect of mixing on the liquefaction and saccharification of cellulosic fibers. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 111:240-7. [PMID: 22342045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic material is a key step in the biochemical routes for production of renewable fuels and chemicals. This must be performed at high solids to be economically viable. High solids operations creates numerous processing challenges, most importantly the limitations due to mass transfer and poor mixing of enzymes in the cellulose suspensions. We use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a cylindrical penetrometer, and HPLC to demonstrate the importance of spatial homogeneity in the distribution of enzyme on the rates of liquefaction of the substrate and in the suspension mechanical strength. Our results show that the largest mechanical strength changes occur in a narrow interval of time during the initial stages of conversion. Differences in enzyme concentration distribution occurring at the centimeter-scale produced order of magnitude differences in liquefaction and saccharification rates, supporting the hypothesis that mixing quality has a major influence in both liquefaction and saccharification rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Lavenson
- Department of Chemical & Materials Science Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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29
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Evenou F, Couderc S, Kim B, Fujii T, Sakai Y. Microfibrillated Cellulose Sheets Coating Oxygen-Permeable PDMS Membranes Induce Rat Hepatocytes 3D Aggregation into Stably-Attached 3D Hemispheroids. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 22:1509-22. [DOI: 10.1163/092050610x513242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Evenou
- a Laboratory for Integrated Micro-Mechatronic Systems (LIMMS/CNRS-IIS), Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), Bâtiment Condorcet, Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Sandrine Couderc
- b Laboratory for Integrated Micro-Mechatronic Systems (LIMMS/CNRS-IIS), Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; Nikon and Essilor International Joint Research Center Co., Ltd., KSP R&D, Building C10F-1032, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan
| | - Beomjoon Kim
- c Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Teruo Fujii
- d Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- e Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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Mohan T, Kargl R, Doliška A, Ehmann HMA, Ribitsch V, Stana-Kleinschek K. Enzymatic digestion of partially and fully regenerated cellulose model films from trimethylsilyl cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 93:191-8. [PMID: 23465919 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Partially and fully regenerated cellulose model films from trimethylsilyl cellulose (TMSC) were prepared by a time dependent regeneration approach. These thin films were characterized with contact angle measurements and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR). In order to get further insights into the completeness of the regeneration we studied the interaction of cellulase enzymes from Trichoderma viride with the cellulose films using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). To support the results from the QCM-D experiments capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were applied. The changes in mass and energy dissipation due to the interaction of the enzymes with the substrates were correlated with the surface wettability and elemental composition of the regenerated films. The highest interaction activity between the films and the enzyme, as well as the highest cellulose degradation, was observed on fully regenerated cellulose films, but some degradation also occurred on pure TMSC films. The enzymatic degradation rate correlated well with the rate of regeneration. It was demonstrated that CZE can be used to support QCM-D data via the detection of enzyme hydrolysis products in the eluates of the QCM-D cells. Glucose release peaked at the same time as the maximum mass loss was detected via QCM-D. It was shown that a combination of QCM-D and CZE together with enzymatic digestion is a reliable method to determine the conversion rate of TMSC to cellulose. In addition QCM-D and AFM revealed that cellulase is irreversibly bound to hydrophobic TMSC surfaces, while pure cellulose is digested almost completely in the course of hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamilselvan Mohan
- Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of Polymers, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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31
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Suchy M, Linder MB, Tammelin T, Campbell JM, Vuorinen T, Kontturi E. Quantitative assessment of the enzymatic degradation of amorphous cellulose by using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:8819-28. [PMID: 21699170 DOI: 10.1021/la2014418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The systematic evaluation of the degradation of an amorphous cellulose film by a monocomponent endoglucanase (EG I) by using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) identified several important aspects relevant to the study the kinetics of cellulose degradation by enzymes. It was demonstrated that, to properly evaluate the mechanism of action, steady state conditions in the experimental set up need to be reached. Rinsing or diluting the enzyme, as well as concentration of the enzyme, can have a pronounced effect on the hydrolysis. Quantification of the actual hydrolysis was carried out by measuring the film thickness reduction by atomic force microscopy after the enzymatic treatment. The values correlated well with the frequency data obtained by QCM-D measurement for corresponding films. This demonstrated that the evaluation of hydrolysis by QCM-D can be done quantitatively. Tuning of the initial thickness of films enabled variation of the volume of substrate available for hydrolysis which was then utilized in establishing a correlation between substrate volume and hydrolytic activity of EG I as measured by QCM-D. It was shown that, although the amount of substrate affects the absolute rate of hydrolysis, the relative rate of hydrolysis does not depend on the initial amount of substrate in steady state system. With this experimental setup it was also possible to demonstrate the impact of concentration on crowding of enzyme and subsequent hydrolysis efficiency. This effort also shows the action of EG I on a fully amorphous substrate as observed by QCM-D. The enzyme was shown to work uniformly within the whole volume of swollen film, however being unable to fully degrade the amorphous film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miro Suchy
- Department of Forest Products Technology, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland
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32
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Kittle JD, Du X, Jiang F, Qian C, Heinze T, Roman M, Esker AR. Equilibrium Water Contents of Cellulose Films Determined via Solvent Exchange and Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:2881-7. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200352q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Heinze
- Center of Excellence for Polysaccharide Research, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, Jena, 07743 Germany
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Cheng G, Liu Z, Murton JK, Jablin M, Dubey M, Majewski J, Halbert C, Browning J, Ankner J, Akgun B, Wang C, Esker AR, Sale KL, Simmons BA, Kent MS. Neutron Reflectometry and QCM-D Study of the Interaction of Cellulases with Films of Amorphous Cellulose. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:2216-24. [DOI: 10.1021/bm200305u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cheng
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California and Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Zelin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Jaclyn K. Murton
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California and Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Michael Jablin
- Lujan Neutron Science Center, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | - Manish Dubey
- Lujan Neutron Science Center, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | - Jaroslaw Majewski
- Lujan Neutron Science Center, Los Alamos National Laboratories, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | - Candice Halbert
- Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - James Browning
- Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - John Ankner
- Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Bulent Akgun
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Alan R. Esker
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Kenneth L. Sale
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California and Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Blake A. Simmons
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California and Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Michael S. Kent
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California and Albuquerque, New Mexico
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34
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Palmqvist B, Wiman M, Lidén G. Effect of mixing on enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-pretreated spruce: a quantitative analysis of conversion and power consumption. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2011; 4:10. [PMID: 21569356 PMCID: PMC3113933 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-4-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When scaling up lignocellulose-based ethanol production, the desire to increase the final ethanol titer after fermentation can introduce problems. A high concentration of water-insoluble solids (WIS) is needed in the enzymatic hydrolysis step, resulting in increased viscosity, which can cause mass and heat transfer problems because of poor mixing of the material. In the present study, the effects of mixing on the enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-pretreated spruce were investigated using a stirred tank reactor operated with different impeller speeds and enzyme loadings. In addition, the results were related to the power input needed to operate the impeller at different speeds, taking into account the changes in rheology throughout the process. RESULTS A marked difference in hydrolysis rate at different impeller speeds was found. For example, the conversion was twice as high after 48 hours at 500 rpm compared with 25 rpm. This difference remained throughout the 96 hours of hydrolysis. Substantial amounts of energy were required to achieve only minor increases in conversion during the later stages of the process. CONCLUSIONS Impeller speed strongly affected both the hydrolysis rate of the pretreated spruce and needed power input. Similar conversions could be obtained at different energy input by altering the mixing (that is, energy input), enzyme load and residence time, an important issue to consider when designing large-scale plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Palmqvist
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, Se-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Wiman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, Se-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Lidén
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, Se-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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35
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Onaizi SA, He L, Middelberg AP. The construction, fouling and enzymatic cleaning of a textile dye surface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 351:203-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Singh SK, Notley SM. Adsorption of Nonionic Surfactants (CnEm) at the Silica−Water and Cellulose−Water Interface. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:14977-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp107224r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suprita K. Singh
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra 0200 ACT, Australia
| | - Shannon M. Notley
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra 0200 ACT, Australia
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37
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Yang G, Zhang Y, Wei M, Shao H, Hu X. Influence of γ-ray radiation on the structure and properties of paper grade bamboo pulp. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Da Róz A, Leite F, Pereiro L, Nascente P, Zucolotto V, Oliveira O, Carvalho A. Adsorption of chitosan on spin-coated cellulose films. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Hu G, Heitmann JA, Rojas OJ. In Situ Monitoring of Cellulase Activity by Microgravimetry with a Quartz Crystal Microbalance. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:14761-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp907155v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Hu
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh North Carolina 27695-8005, and Department of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 3320, FIN-02015 TKK, Espoo, Finland
| | - John A. Heitmann
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh North Carolina 27695-8005, and Department of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 3320, FIN-02015 TKK, Espoo, Finland
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh North Carolina 27695-8005, and Department of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 3320, FIN-02015 TKK, Espoo, Finland
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40
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Boukari I, Putaux JL, Cathala B, Barakat A, Saake B, Rémond C, O’Donohue M, Chabbert B. In Vitro Model Assemblies To Study the Impact of Lignin−Carbohydrate Interactions on the Enzymatic Conversion of Xylan. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:2489-98. [DOI: 10.1021/bm9004518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imen Boukari
- INRA, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier and member of the Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France, INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions et Assemblages, F-44300, Nantes, France,
| | - Jean-Luc Putaux
- INRA, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier and member of the Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France, INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions et Assemblages, F-44300, Nantes, France,
| | - Bernard Cathala
- INRA, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier and member of the Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France, INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions et Assemblages, F-44300, Nantes, France,
| | - Abdellatif Barakat
- INRA, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier and member of the Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France, INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions et Assemblages, F-44300, Nantes, France,
| | - Bodo Saake
- INRA, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier and member of the Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France, INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions et Assemblages, F-44300, Nantes, France,
| | - Caroline Rémond
- INRA, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier and member of the Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France, INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions et Assemblages, F-44300, Nantes, France,
| | - Michael O’Donohue
- INRA, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier and member of the Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France, INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions et Assemblages, F-44300, Nantes, France,
| | - Brigitte Chabbert
- INRA, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR 614, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement, F-51686 Reims, France, Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), affiliated with Université Joseph Fourier and member of the Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, BP 53, F-38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France, INRA, UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions et Assemblages, F-44300, Nantes, France,
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Aulin C, Ahola S, Josefsson P, Nishino T, Hirose Y, Osterberg M, Wågberg L. Nanoscale cellulose films with different crystallinities and mesostructures--their surface properties and interaction with water. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:7675-85. [PMID: 19348478 DOI: 10.1021/la900323n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A systematic study of the degree of molecular ordering and swelling of different nanocellulose model films has been conducted. Crystalline cellulose II surfaces were prepared by spin-coating of the precursor cellulose solutions onto oxidized silicon wafers before regeneration in water or by using the Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) technique. Amorphous cellulose films were also prepared by spin-coating of a precursor cellulose solution onto oxidized silicon wafers. Crystalline cellulose I surfaces were prepared by spin-coating wafers with aqueous suspensions of sulfate-stabilized cellulose I nanocrystals and low-charged microfibrillated cellulose (LC-MFC). In addition, a dispersion of high-charged MFC was used for the buildup of polyelectrolyte multilayers with polyetheyleneimine on silica with the aid of the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. These preparation methods produced smooth thin films on the nanometer scale suitable for X-ray diffraction and swelling measurements. The surface morphology and thickness of the cellulose films were characterized in detail by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ellipsometry measurements, respectively. To determine the surface energy of the cellulose surfaces, that is, their ability to engage in different interactions with different materials, they were characterized through contact angle measurements against water, glycerol, and methylene iodide. Small incidence angle X-ray diffraction revealed that the nanocrystal and MFC films exhibited a cellulose I crystal structure and that the films prepared from N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO), LiCl/DMAc solutions, using the LS technique, possessed a cellulose II structure. The degree of crystalline ordering was highest in the nanocrystal films (approximately 87%), whereas the MFC, NMMO, and LS films exhibited a degree of crystallinity of about 60%. The N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc)/LiCl film possessed very low crystalline ordering (<15%). It was also established that the films had different mesostructures, that is, structures around 10 nm, depending on the preparation conditions. The LS and LiCl/DMAc films are smooth without any clear mesostructure, whereas the other films have a clear mesostructure in which the dimensions are dependent on the size of the nanocrystals, fibrillar cellulose, and electrostatic charge of the MFC. The swelling of the films was studied using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. To understand the swelling properties of the films, it was necessary to consider both the difference in crystalline ordering and the difference in mesostructure of the films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Aulin
- Fibre Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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42
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Jaušovec D, Vončina B, Angelescu D, Nylander T, Lindman B. Enzymatic Degradation of Model Cellulose Film Pre-Treated with Antimicrobial Agent. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690802646314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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43
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Enarsson LE, Wågberg L. Polyelectrolyte Adsorption on Thin Cellulose Films Studied with Reflectometry and Quartz Crystal Microgravimetry with Dissipation. Biomacromolecules 2008; 10:134-41. [DOI: 10.1021/bm8010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars-Erik Enarsson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, The Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, The Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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44
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The antimicrobial reagent role on the degradation of model cellulose film. J Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 327:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2008] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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Yokota S, Kitaoka T, Wariishi H. Biofunctionality of self-assembled nanolayers composed of cellulosic polymers. Carbohydr Polym 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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46
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Rashid I, Al-Remawi M, Eftaiha A, Badwan A. Chitin–silicon dioxide coprecipitate as a novel superdisintegrant. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:4955-69. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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47
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Ahola S, Turon X, Osterberg M, Laine J, Rojas OJ. Enzymatic hydrolysis of native cellulose nanofibrils and other cellulose model films: effect of surface structure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:11592-9. [PMID: 18778090 DOI: 10.1021/la801550j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Model films of native cellulose nanofibrils, which contain both crystalline cellulose I and amorphous domains, were used to investigate the dynamics and activities of cellulase enzymes. The enzyme binding and degradation of nanofibril films were compared with those for other films of cellulose, namely, Langmuir-Schaefer and spin-coated regenerated cellulose, as well as cellulose nanocrystal cast films. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) was used to monitor the changes in frequency and energy dissipation during incubation at varying enzyme concentrations and experimental temperatures. Structural and morphological changes of the cellulose films upon incubation with enzymes were evaluated by using atomic force microscopy. The QCM-D results revealed that the rate of enzymatic degradation of the nanofibril films was much faster compared to the other types of cellulosic films. Higher enzyme loads did not dramatically increase the already fast degradation rate. Real-time measurements of the coupled contributions of enzyme binding and hydrolytic reactions were fitted to an empirical model that closely described the cellulase activities. The hydrolytic potential of the cellulase mixture was found to be considerably affected by the nature of the substrates, especially their crystallinity and morphology. The implications of these observations are discussed in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ahola
- Department of Forest Products Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 3320, FIN-02015 TKK, Espoo, Finland
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48
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Notley SM. Effect of introduced charge in cellulose gels on surface interactions and the adsorption of highly charged cationic polyelectrolytes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:1819-25. [DOI: 10.1039/b718543j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Josefsson P, Henriksson G, Wågberg L. The Physical Action of Cellulases Revealed by a Quartz Crystal Microbalance Study Using Ultrathin Cellulose Films and Pure Cellulases. Biomacromolecules 2007; 9:249-54. [PMID: 18163575 DOI: 10.1021/bm700980b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Josefsson
- Royal Institute of Technology, Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Henriksson
- Royal Institute of Technology, Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Royal Institute of Technology, Fibre and Polymer Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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50
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Habibi Y, Foulon L, Aguié-Béghin V, Molinari M, Douillard R. Langmuir–Blodgett films of cellulose nanocrystals: Preparation and characterization. J Colloid Interface Sci 2007; 316:388-97. [PMID: 17897660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Revised: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work is the preparation of monolayers of cellulose I nanocrystals providing flat crystalline cellulose surfaces. Suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals were prepared by hydrolyzing ramie and tunicin fibers with sulfuric acid. Due to surface grafted sulfate groups, the negatively charged, rod-like cellulose nanocrystals were found to form stable layers at the air-water interface in the presence of a cationic amphiphilic molecule such as dioctadecyldimethylammonium (DODA) used in this work. These layers were formed at different cellulose-DODA weight ratios, compressed and analyzed by tensiometry, ellipsometry and Brewster angle microscopy. At low cellulose concentrations the layers are discontinuous, becoming dense and homogeneous upon reaching a critical weight ratio, which depends on the aspect ratio of the cellulose nanocrystals. After transfer onto silicon wafers, the surface composition and morphology as well as the thickness of the films were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy. The results indicate that they are monolayer films, well structured, relatively smooth and pure. These films offer a crystalline and easily reproducible model cellulose surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Habibi
- UMR FARE (URCA/INRA), Equipe des Parois Végétales et Matériaux Fibreux, CREA, 2 Espl. R. Garros, BP 224, 51686 Reims Cedex 2, France.
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