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Georgescu AM, Corbu VM, Csutak O. Molecular Basis of Yeasts Antimicrobial Activity-Developing Innovative Strategies for Biomedicine and Biocontrol. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4721-4750. [PMID: 38785553 PMCID: PMC11119588 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of the growing concern regarding the appearance and spread of emerging pathogens with high resistance to chemically synthetized biocides, the development of new agents for crops and human protection has become an emergency. In this context, the yeasts present a huge potential as eco-friendly agents due to their widespread nature in various habitats and to their wide range of antagonistic mechanisms. The present review focuses on some of the major yeast antimicrobial mechanisms, their molecular basis and practical applications in biocontrol and biomedicine. The synthesis of killer toxins, encoded by dsRNA virus-like particles, dsDNA plasmids or chromosomal genes, is encountered in a wide range of yeast species from nature and industry and can affect the development of phytopathogenic fungi and other yeast strains, as well as human pathogenic bacteria. The group of the "red yeasts" is gaining more interest over the last years, not only as natural producers of carotenoids and rhodotorulic acid with active role in cell protection against the oxidative stress, but also due to their ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic yeasts, fungi and bacteria using these compounds and the mechanism of competition for nutritive substrate. Finally, the biosurfactants produced by yeasts characterized by high stability, specificity and biodegrability have proven abilities to inhibit phytopathogenic fungi growth and mycelia formation and to act as efficient antibacterial and antibiofilm formation agents for biomedicine. In conclusion, the antimicrobial activity of yeasts represents a direction of research with numerous possibilities of bioeconomic valorization as innovative strategies to combat pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Georgescu
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Aleea Portocalelor 1-3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.G.); (V.M.C.)
| | - Viorica Maria Corbu
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Aleea Portocalelor 1-3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.G.); (V.M.C.)
- Research Institute of University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, B.P. Hasdeu Street 7, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ortansa Csutak
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Aleea Portocalelor 1-3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-M.G.); (V.M.C.)
- Research Institute of University of Bucharest (ICUB), University of Bucharest, B.P. Hasdeu Street 7, 050568 Bucharest, Romania
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2
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Semenov KN, Ageev SV, Kukaliia ON, Murin IV, Petrov AV, Iurev GO, Andoskin PA, Panova GG, Molchanov OE, Maistrenko DN, Sharoyko VV. Application of carbon nanostructures in biomedicine: realities, difficulties, prospects. Nanotoxicology 2024; 18:181-213. [PMID: 38487921 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2024.2327053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The review systematizes data on the wide possibilities of practical application of carbon nanostructures. Much attention is paid to the use of carbon nanomaterials in medicine for the visualization of tumors during surgical interventions, in the creation of cosmetics, as well as in agriculture in the creation of fertilizers. Additionally, we demonstrate trends in research in the field of carbon nanomaterials with a view to elaborating targeted drug delivery systems. We also show the creation of nanosized medicinal substances and diagnostic systems, and the production of new biomaterials. A separate section is devoted to the difficulties in studying carbon nanomaterials. The review is intended for a wide range of readers, as well as for experts in the field of nanotechnology and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin N Semenov
- Department of General and Bioorganic Chemistry, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Basic Research, A. M. Granov Russian Research Centre for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergei V Ageev
- Department of General and Bioorganic Chemistry, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olegi N Kukaliia
- Department of General and Bioorganic Chemistry, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor V Murin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey V Petrov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Gleb O Iurev
- Department of General and Bioorganic Chemistry, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pavel A Andoskin
- Department of General and Bioorganic Chemistry, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Gaiane G Panova
- Light Physiology of Plants, Agrophysical Research Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg E Molchanov
- Department of General and Bioorganic Chemistry, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Basic Research, A. M. Granov Russian Research Centre for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitrii N Maistrenko
- Department of Basic Research, A. M. Granov Russian Research Centre for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Sharoyko
- Department of General and Bioorganic Chemistry, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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3
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Ma B, Zhang J, Mi Y, Miao Q, Tan W, Guo Z. Preparation of imidazole acids grafted chitosan with enhanced antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumor activities. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 315:120978. [PMID: 37230617 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Herein, imidazole acids grafted chitosan derivatives were synthesized, including HACC, HACC derivatives, TMC, TMC derivatives, amidated chitosan and amidated chitosan bearing imidazolium salts. The prepared chitosan derivatives were characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR. The tests evaluated the biological antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities of chitosan derivatives. The antioxidant capacity (DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical) of chitosan derivatives was 2.4-8.3 times higher than that of chitosan. The antibacterial capacity against E. coli and S. aureus of cationic derivatives (HACC derivatives, TMC derivatives, and amidated chitosan bearing imidazolium salts) was more active than only imidazole-chitosan (amidated chitosan). In particular, the inhibition effect of HACC derivatives on E. coli was 15.625 μg/mL. Moreover, the series of chitosan derivatives bearing imidazole acids showed certain activity against MCF-7 and A549 cells. The present results suggest that the chitosan derivatives in this paper seem to be promising carrier materials for use in drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yingqi Mi
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qin Miao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenqiang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhanyong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
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4
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Roberge CL, Miceli RT, Murphy LR, Kingsley DM, Gross RA, Corr DT. Sophorolipid Candidates Demonstrate Cytotoxic Efficacy against 2D and 3D Breast Cancer Models. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1159-1170. [PMID: 37104545 PMCID: PMC10760934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sophorolipids are biosurfactants derived from the nonpathogenic yeasts such as Starmerella bombicola with potential efficacy in anticancer applications. Simple and cost-effective synthesis of these drugs makes them a promising alternative to traditional chemotherapeutics, pending their success in preliminary drug-screening. Drug-screening typically utilizes 2D cell monolayers due to their simplicity and ease of high-throughput assessment. However, 2D assays fail to capture the complexity and 3D context of the tumor microenvironment and have consequently been implicated in the high percentage of drugs investigated in vitro that later fail in clinical trials. Herein, we screened two sophorolipid candidates and a clinically-used chemotherapeutic, doxorubicin, on in vitro breast cancer models ranging from 2D monolayers to 3D spheroids, employing optical coherence tomography to confirm these morphologies. We calculated corresponding IC50 values for these drugs and found one of the sophorolipids to have comparable toxicities to the chemotherapeutic control. Our findings show increased drug resistance associated with model dimensionality, such that all drugs tested showed that 3D spheroids exhibited higher IC50 values than their 2D counterparts. These findings demonstrate promising preliminary data to support the use of sophorolipids as a more affordable alternative to traditional clinical interventions and demonstrate the importance of 3D tumor models in assessing drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Roberge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Rebecca T Miceli
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Lillian R Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - David M Kingsley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Richard A Gross
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - David T Corr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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5
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Muslim M, Ahmad M, Arish M, Alam MJ, Alarifi A, Afzal M, Sepay N, Ahmad S. 5-Hydroxyisophthalic acid and neocuproine containing copper(II) complex as a promising cytotoxic agent: Structure elucidation, topology, Hirshfeld surface, DFT calculations, and molecular docking analysis. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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6
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Abdelhalim AO, Ageev SV, Petrov AV, Meshcheriakov AA, Luttsev MD, Vasina LV, Nashchekina IA, Murin IV, Molchanov OE, Maistrenko DN, Potanin AA, Semenov KN, Sharoyko VV. Graphene oxide conjugated with doxorubicin: Synthesis, bioactivity, and biosafety. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Miceli RT, Corr DT, Barroso M, Dogra N, Gross RA. Sophorolipids: Anti-cancer activities and mechanisms. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 65:116787. [PMID: 35526504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sophorolipids (SLs) are biosurfactants synthesized as secondary metabolites by non-pathogenic yeasts and other microorganisms. They are members of glycolipid microbial surfactant family that consists of a sophorose polar head group and, most often, an ω-1 hydroxylated fatty acid glycosidically linked to the sophorose moiety. Since the fermentative production of SLs is high (>200 g/L), SLs have the potential to provide low-cost therapeutics. Natural and modified SLs possess anti-cancer activity against a wide range of cancer cell lines such as those derived from breast, cervical, colon, liver, brain, and the pancreas. Corresponding data on their cytotoxicity against noncancerous cell lines including human embryo kidney, umbilical vein, and mouse fibroblasts is also discussed. These results are compiled to elucidate trends in SL-structures that lead to higher efficacy against cancer cell lines and lower cytotoxicity for normal cell lines. While extrapolation of these results provides some insights into the design of SLs with optimal therapeutic indices, we also provide a critical assessment of gaps and inconsistencies in the literature as well as the lack of data connecting structure-to-anticancer and cytotoxicity on normal cells. Furthermore, SL-mechanism of action against cancer cell lines, that includes proliferation inhibition, induction of apoptosis, membrane disruption and mitochondria mediated pathways are discussed. Perspectives on future research to develop SL anticancer therapeutics is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca T Miceli
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, United States
| | - David T Corr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, United States
| | - Margardia Barroso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, United States
| | - Navneet Dogra
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Richard A Gross
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Sciences and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, United States.
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8
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Mikolaichuk OV, Popova EA, Protas AV, Rakipov IT, Nerukh DA, Petrov AV, Charykov NA, Ageev SV, Tochilnikov GV, Zmitrichenko IG, Stukov AN, Semenov KN, Sharoyko VV. A cytostatic drug from the class of triazine derivatives: Its properties in aqueous solutions, cytotoxicity, and therapeutic activity. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Mishra N, Rana K, Seelam SD, Kumar R, Pandey V, Salimath BP, Agsar D. Characterization and Cytotoxicity of Pseudomonas Mediated Rhamnolipids Against Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cell Line. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:761266. [PMID: 34950641 PMCID: PMC8691732 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.761266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A biosurfactant producing bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa DNM50 based on molecular characterization (NCBI accession no. MK351591). Structural characterization using MALDI-TOF revealed the presence of 12 different congeners of rhamnolipid such as Rha-C8-C8:1, Rha-C10-C8:1, Rha-C10-C10, Rha-C10-C12:1, Rha-C16:1, Rha-C16, Rha-C17:1, Rha-Rha-C10:1-C10:1, Rha-Rha-C10-C12, Rha-Rha-C10-C8, Rha-Rha-C10-C8:1, and Rha-Rha-C8-C8. The radical scavenging activity of rhamnolipid (DNM50RL) was determined by 2, 3-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay which showed an IC50 value of 101.8 μg/ ml. The cytotoxic activity was investigated against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line by MTT (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay which showed a very low IC50 of 0.05 μg/ ml at 72 h of treatment. Further, its activity was confirmed by resazurin and trypan blue assay with IC50 values of 0.01 μg/ml and 0.64 μg/ ml at 72 h of treatment, respectively. Thus, the DNM50RL would play a vital role in the treatment of breast cancer targeting inhibition of p38MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, India
| | - Kavita Rana
- Department of Toxicology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, India
| | | | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kadaganchi, India
| | - Vijyendra Pandey
- Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kadaganchi, India
| | - Bharathi P Salimath
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Mysore, India.,Sanorva Biotech Pvt. Ltd., Mysuru, India
| | - Dayanand Agsar
- Department of Microbiology, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, India
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Mikolaichuk OV, Sharoyko VV, Popova EA, Protas AV, Fonin AV, Vasina LV, Anufrikov YA, Luttsev MD, Nashchekina IA, Malkova AM, Tochilnikov GV, Ageev SV, Semenov KN. Biocompatibility and bioactivity study of a cytostatic drug belonging to the group of alkylating agents of the triazine derivative class. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Abstract
Background/Aim: A number of biologically active substances were proved as an alternative to conventional anticancer medicines. The aim of the study is in vitro investigation of the anticancer activity of mono- and di-Rhamnolipids (RL-1 and RL-2) against human breast cancer. Additionally, the combination with Cisplatin was analyzed. Materials and Methods: Breast cell lines (MCF-10A, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) were treated with RLs and in combination with Cisplatin. The viability was analyzed using MTT assay, and investigation of autophagy was performed via acridine orange staining. Results: In contrast to the healthy cells, both tested cancer lines exhibited sensitivity to RLs treatment. This effect was accompanied by an influence on the autophagy-related acidic formation process. Only for the triple-negative breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) the synergistic effect of the combined treatment (10 µM Cisplatin and 1 µg/mL RL-2) was observed. Conclusion: Based on studies on the reorganization of membrane models in the presence of RL and the data about a higher amount of lipid rafts in cancer cell membranes than in non-tumorigenic, we suggest a possible mechanism of membrane remodelling by formation of endosomes. Shortly, in order to have a synergistic effect, it is necessary to have Cisplatin andRL-2 as RL2 is a molecule inducingpositive membrane curvature.
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Synthesis and Pharmacological In Vitro Investigations of Novel Shikonin Derivatives with a Special Focus on Cyclopropane Bearing Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052774. [PMID: 33803437 PMCID: PMC7967198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and accounts for about three quarters of all skin cancer deaths. Especially at an advanced stage, its treatment is challenging, and survival rates are very low. In previous studies, we showed that the constituents of the roots of Onosma paniculata as well as a synthetic derivative of the most active constituent showed promising results in metastatic melanoma cell lines. In the current study, we address the question whether we can generate further derivatives with optimized activity by synthesis. Therefore, we prepared 31, mainly novel shikonin derivatives and screened them in different melanoma cell lines (WM9, WM164, and MUG-Mel2 cells) using the XTT viability assay. We identified (R)-1-(1,4-dihydro-5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl)-4-methylpent-3-enyl 2-cyclopropyl-2-oxoacetate as a novel derivative with even higher activity. Furthermore, pharmacological investigations including the ApoToxGloTM Triplex assay, LDH assay, and cell cycle measurements revealed that this compound induced apoptosis and reduced cells in the G1 phase accompanied by an increase of cells in the G2/M phase. Moreover, it showed hardly any effects on the cell membrane integrity. However, it also exhibited cytotoxicity against non-tumorigenic cells. Nevertheless, in summary, we could show that shikonin derivatives might be promising drug leads in the treatment of melanoma.
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Lactonic sophorolipid-induced apoptosis in human HepG2 cells through the Caspase-3 pathway. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:2033-2042. [PMID: 33582833 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer, one of the most common types of cancer in the world, is the second leading cause of death for cancer patients. For liver cancer, there is an urgent need for an effective treatment with no or less toxic side effects. Lactonic sophorolipids (LSL), as a potential anticancer drug, has attracted wide attention of pharmaceutical researchers with its good biological activities. The effects of LSL and cell death inhibitors were measured by MTT test on HepG2 cells. Meanwhile, the morphology of the cells was observed under a microscope. The apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry, and the expression levels of enzyme activity of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 were measured by detection kits. Meanwhile, mRNA levels of Apaf-1, Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 were measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR; protein levels of Caspase-3, Cleaved Caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 were measured by western blot. LSL can inhibit the proliferation of cells, and it is possible to induce apoptosis in cells. The HepG2 cells with LSL co-culture exhibited typical apoptotic morphology, and the expression levels of enzyme activity of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 increased (P< 0.05). We also found that LSL increases cell apoptosis rate and regulates the expression of genes and proteins associated with apoptosis through the Caspase-3 pathway. These results indicate that LSL may be one of the potential drug candidates to inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells.Key points• LSL, which is of good biological activities such as anti-bacterium, virus elimination, and inflammatory response elimination, has been firstly used to intervene in vitro to investigate its effect on HepG2 cell proliferation.• LSL can inhibit the proliferation of cells, and it is possible to induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells through the Caspase-3 pathway.• The mechanism of LSL action on HepG2 cell proliferation was firstly also discussed, which provides a certain experimental reference for the clinical treatment of liver cancer.
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14
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Singh PK, Bohr SSR, Hatzakis NS. Direct Observation of Sophorolipid Micelle Docking in Model Membranes and Cells by Single Particle Studies Reveals Optimal Fusion Conditions. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1291. [PMID: 32906821 PMCID: PMC7564020 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sophorolipids (SLs) are naturally produced glycolipids that acts as drug delivery for a spectrum of biomedical applications, including as an antibacterial antifungal and anticancer agent, where they induce apoptosis selectively in cancerous cells. Despite their utility, the mechanisms underlying their membrane interactions, and consequently cell entry, remains unknown. Here, we combined a single liposome assay to observe directly and quantify the kinetics of interaction of SL micelles with model membrane systems, and single particle studies on live cells to record their interaction with cell membranes and their cytotoxicity. Our single particle readouts revealed several repetitive docking events on individual liposomes and quantified how pH and membrane charges, which are known to vary in cancer cells, affect the docking of SL micelles on model membranes. Docking of sophorolipids micelles was found to be optimal at pH 6.5 and for membranes with -5% negatively charge lipids. Single particle studies on mammalian cells reveled a two-fold increased interaction on Hela cells as compared to HEK-293 cells. This is in line with our cell viability readouts recording an approximate two-fold increased cytotoxicity by SLs interactions for Hela cells as compared to HEK-293 cells. The combined in vitro and cell assays thus support the increased cytotoxicity of SLs on cancer cells to originate from optimal charge and pH interactions between membranes and SL assemblies. We anticipate studies combining quantitative single particle studies on model membranes and live cell may reveal hitherto unknown molecular insights on the interactions of sophorolipid and additional nanocarriers mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, C 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Søren S-R Bohr
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, C 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Center for Protein Research (CPR), University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikos S Hatzakis
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, C 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Center for Protein Research (CPR), University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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de Andrade Teixeira Fernandes N, de Souza AC, Simões LA, Ferreira Dos Reis GM, Souza KT, Schwan RF, Dias DR. Eco-friendly biosurfactant from Wickerhamomyces anomalus CCMA 0358 as larvicidal and antimicrobial. Microbiol Res 2020; 241:126571. [PMID: 32818706 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Kitchen waste oil (KWO) was evaluated as a substrate for production of biosurfactant by Wickerhamomyces anomalus CCMA 0358 and was tested against Aedes aegypti larvae, the mosquito causing neglected diseases, such as dengue fever, Zika, and Chikungunya, achieving 100 % mortality in the lowest concentration (6.25 %) evaluated in 24 h. Furthermore, possible applications of this compound were evaluated as antibacterial, antiadhesive, and antifungal. At a concentration of 50 %, the biosurfactant was found to inhibit the growth of Bacillus cereus, showing high inhibitions levels against Salmonella Enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The antifungal activity was evaluated against Aspergillus, Cercospora, Colletotrichum, and Fusarium, obtaining results of up to 95 % inhibition. In addition to these promising results, the yeast W. anomalus produced the biosurfactant from an inexpensive substrate, which increases the possibility of its application in several industries owing to the low cost involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angélica Cristina de Souza
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitário, 37.200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Luara Aparecida Simões
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitário, 37.200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Karla Teixeira Souza
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitário, 37.200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Rosane Freitas Schwan
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitário, 37.200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Disney Ribeiro Dias
- Department of Food Science, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Campus Universitário, 37.200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
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De Gregorio PR, Parolin C, Abruzzo A, Luppi B, Protti M, Mercolini L, Silva JA, Giordani B, Marangoni A, Nader-Macías MEF, Vitali B. Biosurfactant from vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus BC1 as a promising agent to interfere with Candida adhesion. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:133. [PMID: 32552788 PMCID: PMC7302142 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacillus spp. dominating the vaginal microbiota of healthy women contribute to the prevention of urogenital and sexually transmitted infections. Their protective role in the vagina can be mediated by Lactobacillus cells themselves, metabolites or bacterial components, able to interfere with pathogen adhesion and infectivity. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common genital infection, caused by the overgrowth of opportunistic Candida spp. including C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei and C. tropicalis. Azole antifungal drugs are not always efficient in resolving VVC and preventing recurrent infections, thus alternative anti-Candida agents based on vaginal probiotics have gained more importance. The present work aims to chemically characterize the biosurfactant (BS) isolated from a vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus strain, L. crispatus BC1, and to investigate its safety and antiadhesive/antimicrobial activity against Candida spp., employing in vitro and in vivo assays. RESULTS BS isolated from vaginal L. crispatus BC1 was characterised as non-homogeneous lipopeptide molecules with a critical micellar concentration value of 2 mg/mL, and good emulsification and mucoadhesive properties. At 1.25 mg/mL, the BS was not cytotoxic and reduced Candida strains' ability to adhere to human cervical epithelial cells, mainly by exclusion mechanism. Moreover, intravaginal (i.va.) inoculation of BS in a murine experimental model was safe and did not perturb vaginal cytology, histology and cultivable vaginal microbiota. In the case of i.va. challenge of mice with C. albicans, BS was able to reduce leukocyte influx. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that BS from vaginal L. crispatus BC1 is able to interfere with Candida adhesion in vitro and in vivo, and suggest its potential as a preventive agent to reduce mucosal damage occasioned by Candida during VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Romina De Gregorio
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, Chacabuco, 145, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Carola Parolin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Angela Abruzzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Luppi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Protti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Alejandra Silva
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, Chacabuco, 145, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Barbara Giordani
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Marangoni
- Microbiology, DIMES, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Beatrice Vitali
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
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17
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Jiménez‐Peñalver P, Koh A, Gross R, Gea T, Font X. Biosurfactants from Waste: Structures and Interfacial Properties of Sophorolipids Produced from a Residual Oil Cake. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Jiménez‐Peñalver
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'EnginyeriaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra Barcelona 08193 Spain
| | - Amanda Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA
| | - Richard Gross
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Chemistry and BiologyRensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Building Troy MI USA
| | - Teresa Gea
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'EnginyeriaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra Barcelona 08193 Spain
| | - Xavier Font
- Composting Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Escola d'EnginyeriaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra Barcelona 08193 Spain
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18
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Rahimi K, Lotfabad TB, Jabeen F, Mohammad Ganji S. Cytotoxic effects of mono- and di-rhamnolipids from Pseudomonas aeruginosa MR01 on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 181:943-952. [PMID: 31382344 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rhamnolipids produced by P. aeruginosa MR01 were fractionated into mono- and di-rhamnolipids, and their dominant congeners, Rha-C10-C10 and Rha-Rha-C10-C10, were shown by mass spectrometry. Minimum surface tensions and critical micelle concentrations (CMC) were determined as "≃34 mN/m; ≃26.17 mg/l;" and "≃29 mN/m; ≃29.63 mg/l" for mono- and di-rhamnolipids, respectively. Spectrophotometry measurements provided a close approximation of CMC. Contact angle and diameter of wet area were determined for rhamnolipid-containing drops on hydrophobic paper to display their capability for alteration of surface wettability. Wet area measurement is a simple, reliable method not requiring a Drop Shape Analyzer. Cell viabilities determined by MTT assay showed a decline in a dose-dependent manner and estimated IC50 values were 25.87 μg/ml and 31.00 μg/ml for mono- and di-rhamnolipids treating MCF-7 cells for 48 h. Morphological observations using the inverted phase-contrast microscopy and fluorescence microscopy via Hoechst staining revealed the apoptotic characteristics in treated MCF-7 cells. The semi-quantitative RT-PCR method demonstrated that expression of the p53 gene in mRNA levels significantly (P < 0.05) increased when treated with 30 μg/ml of each rhamnolipid compound for 12 h. It can be concluded that rhamnolipids derived from MR01 show significant anticancer potential against MCF-7 cell line and should be further investigated as natural, therapeutic anti-tumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Rahimi
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebe Bagheri Lotfabad
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farhat Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Government College, University of Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahla Mohammad Ganji
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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19
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Hogan DE, Tian F, Malm SW, Olivares C, Palos Pacheco R, Simonich MT, Hunjan AS, Tanguay RL, Klimecki WT, Polt R, Pemberton JE, Curry JE, Maier RM. Biodegradability and toxicity of monorhamnolipid biosurfactant diastereomers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 364:600-607. [PMID: 30390580 PMCID: PMC6289288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic monorhamnolipids differ from biologically produced material because they are produced as single congeners, depending on the β-hydroxyalkanoic acid used during synthesis. Each congener is produced as one of four possible diastereomers resulting from two chiral centers at the carbinols of the lipid tails [(R,R), (R,S), (S,R) and (S,S)]. We compare the biodegradability (CO2 respirometry), acute toxicity (Microtox assay), embryo toxicity (Zebrafish assay), and cytotoxicity (xCELLigence and MTS assays) of synthetic rhamnosyl-β-hydroxydecanoyl-β-hydroxydecanoate (Rha-C10-C10) monorhamnolipids against biosynthesized monorhamnolipid mixtures (bio-mRL). All Rha-C10-C10 diastereomers and bio-mRL were inherently biodegradable ranging from 34 to 92% mineralized. The Microtox assay showed all Rha-C10-C10 diastereomers and bio-mRL are slightly toxic according to the US EPA ecotoxicity categories with 5 min EC50 values ranging from 39.6 to 87.5 μM. The zebrafish assay showed that of 22 developmental endpoints tested, only mortality was observed at 120 h post fertilization; all Rha-C10-C10 diastereomers and bio-mRL caused significant mortality at 640 μM, except the Rha-C10-C10 (R,R) which showed no developmental effects. xCELLigence and MTS showed IC50 values ranging from 103.4 to 191.1 μM for human lung cell line H1299 after 72 h exposure. These data provide key information regarding Rha-C10-C10 diastereomers that is pertinent when considering potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Hogan
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Fei Tian
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Scott W Malm
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Christopher Olivares
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Ricardo Palos Pacheco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Michael T Simonich
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 1007 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Anoop S Hunjan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 1007 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Walter T Klimecki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Robin Polt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jeanne E Pemberton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Joan E Curry
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Raina M Maier
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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20
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Diaz-Rodriguez P, Chen H, Erndt-Marino JD, Liu F, Totsingan F, Gross RA, Hahn MS. Impact of Select Sophorolipid Derivatives on Macrophage Polarization and Viability. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 2:601-612. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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21
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Kretschmer N, Deutsch A, Durchschein C, Rinner B, Stallinger A, Higareda-Almaraz JC, Scheideler M, Lohberger B, Bauer R. Comparative Gene Expression Analysis in WM164 Melanoma Cells Revealed That β- β-Dimethylacrylshikonin Leads to ROS Generation, Loss of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, and Autophagy Induction. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112823. [PMID: 30380804 PMCID: PMC6278572 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is currently diagnosed as one in every three cancers. Melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer, is responsible for 79% of skin cancer deaths and the incidence is rising faster than in any other solid tumor type. Previously, we have demonstrated that dimethylacrylshikonin (DMAS), isolated from the roots of Onosma paniculata (Boraginaceae), exhibited the lowest IC50 values against different tumor types out of several isolated shikonin derivatives. DMAS was especially cytotoxic towards melanoma cells and led to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In this study, we performed a comprehensive gene expression study to investigate the mechanism of action in more detail. Gene expression signature was compared to vehicle-treated WM164 control cells after 24 h of DMAS treatment; where 1192 distinct mRNAs could be identified as expressed in all replicates and 89 were at least 2-fold differentially expressed. DMAS favored catabolic processes and led in particular to p62 increase which is involved in cell growth, survival, and autophagy. More in-depth experiments revealed that DMAS led to autophagy, ROS generation, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in different melanoma cells. It has been reported that the induction of an autophagic cell death represents a highly effective approach in melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kretschmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4/1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Alexander Deutsch
- Department of Hematology, Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Christin Durchschein
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4/1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Beate Rinner
- Department for Biomedical Research, Medical University Graz, Roseggerweg 48, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Alexander Stallinger
- Department for Biomedical Research, Medical University Graz, Roseggerweg 48, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Juan Carlos Higareda-Almaraz
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Marcel Scheideler
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Birgit Lohberger
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4/1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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22
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Synthesis of Novel Shikonin Derivatives and Pharmacological Effects of Cyclopropylacetylshikonin on Melanoma Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112820. [PMID: 30380765 PMCID: PMC6278577 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite much research in the last centuries, treatment of malignant melanoma is still challenging because of its mostly unnoticeable metastatic spreading and aggressive growth rate. Therefore, the discovery of novel drug leads is an important goal. In a previous study, we have isolated several shikonin derivatives from the roots of Onosma paniculata Bureau & Franchet (Boraginaceae) which evolved as promising anticancer candidates. β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (1) was the most cytotoxic derivative and exhibited strong tumor growth inhibitory activity, in particular, towards melanoma cells. In this study, we synthesized eighteen novel shikonin derivatives in order to obtain compounds which exhibit a higher cytotoxicity than 1. We investigated their cytotoxic potential against various melanoma cell lines and juvenile skin fibroblasts. The most active compound was (R)-1-(1,4-dihydro-5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl)-4-methylpent-3-enyl cyclopropylacetate (cyclopropylacetylshikonin) (6). It revealed significant stronger tumor growth inhibitory activity towards two melanoma cell lines derived from metastatic lesions (WM164 and MUG-Mel2). Further investigations have shown that 6 induced apoptosis caspase-dependently, increased the protein levels of cleaved PARP, and led to double-stranded DNA breaks as shown by phosphorylation of H2AX. Cell membrane damage and cell cycle arrest were not observed.
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23
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Akiyode O, Boateng J. Composite Biopolymer-Based Wafer Dressings Loaded with Microbial Biosurfactants for Potential Application in Chronic Wounds. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E918. [PMID: 30960843 PMCID: PMC6403717 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study two bioactive polysaccharide polymers kappa-carrageenan (CARR) and sodium alginate (SA) incorporated with microbial biosurfactants (BSs) were formulated as medicated wafer dressings for potential application in chronic wounds. Wafers were loaded with BSs at concentrations of 0.1% and 0.2% rhamnolipids (RL) and 0.1% and 5% sophorolipids (SL) and were functionally characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), texture analysis (mechanical strength and in vitro wound adhesion), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and exudate handling properties (pore analysis, swelling index, water absorption (Aw), equilibrium water content (EWC), evaporative water loss (EWL) and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). The wafers were tactile and ductile in appearance with a hardness range of 2.7⁻4.1 N and can withstand normal stresses but are also flexible to prevent damage to newly formed skin tissues. Wafers were porous (SEM) with pore sizes ranging from 78.8 to 141 µm, and BSs were not visible on the wafer surface or pore walls. The BSs enhanced the porosity of the wafers with values above 98%, while the Aw and EWC ranged from 2699⁻3569% and 96.58⁻98.00%, respectively. The EWL ranged from 85 to 86% after 24 h while the WVTR ranged from 2702⁻3080 g/m² day-1. The compatibility of BSs within the CARR-SA matrix was confirmed by seven characteristic functional groups which were consistently transmitted in the ATR-FTIR spectra. These novel medicated dressing prototypes can potentially help to achieve more rapid wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunke Akiyode
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - Joshua Boateng
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
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24
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Sodium chloride effect on the aggregation behaviour of rhamnolipids and their antifungal activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12907. [PMID: 29018256 PMCID: PMC5635025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the antifungal activity of rhamnolipids produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa #112 was evaluated against Aspergillus niger MUM 92.13 and Aspergillus carbonarius MUM 05.18. It was demonstrated that the di-rhamnolipid congeners were responsible for the antifungal activity exhibited by the crude rhamnolipid mixture, whereas mono-rhamnolipids showed a weak inhibitory activity. Furthermore, in the presence of NaCl (from 375 mM to 875 mM), the antifungal activity of the crude rhamnolipid mixture and the purified di-rhamnolipids was considerably increased. Dynamic Light Scattering studies showed that the size of the structures formed by the rhamnolipids increased as the NaCl concentration increased, being this effect more pronounced in the case of di-rhamnolipids. These results were confirmed by Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy, which revealed the formation of giant vesicle-like structures (in the µm range) by self-assembling of the crude rhamnolipid mixture in the presence of 875 mM NaCl. In the case of the purified mono- and di-rhamnolipids, spherical structures (also in the µm range) were observed at the same conditions. The results herein obtained demonstrated a direct relationship between the rhamnolipids antifungal activity and their aggregation behaviour, opening the possibility to improve their biological activities for application in different fields.
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