1
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Ogiwara N, Nakano T, Baba K, Noguchi H, Masuda T, Takai M. High-Quality Three-Dimensionally Cultured Cells Using Interfaces of Diblock Copolymers Containing Different Ratios of Zwitterionic N-Oxides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:44575-44589. [PMID: 39160767 PMCID: PMC11368093 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c10118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
To control three-dimensional (3D) cell spheroid formation, it is well-known the surface physicochemical and mechanical properties of cell culture materials are important; however, the formation and function of 3D cells are still unclear. This study demonstrated the precise control of the formation of 3D cells and 3D cell functions using diblock copolymers containing different ratios of a zwitterionic trimethylamine N-oxide group. The diblock copolymers were composed of poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) as the hydrophobic unit for surface coating on a cell culture dish and stabilization in water, and poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) as the precursor of N-oxide. The zwitterionic N-oxide converted from 0 to 100% using PDMAEMA. The wettability and surface zeta potential varied with different ratios of N-oxide diblock copolymer-coated surfaces, and the amount of protein adsorbed in the cell culture medium decreased monotonically with increasing N-oxide ratio. 3D cell spheroid formations were observed by seeding human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) in diblock copolymer-coated flat-bottom well plates, and the N-oxide ratio was over 40%. The cells proliferated in two-dimensions (2D) and did not form spheroids when the N-oxide ratio was less than 20%. Interestingly, the expression of undifferentiated markers of hUC-MSCs was higher on surfaces that adsorbed proteins to some extent and formed 50-150 μm spheroids in the range of 40-70% of N-oxide ratio. We revealed that a moderately protein-adsorbed surface allows precise control of spheroid formation and undifferentiated 3D cells and has potential applications for high-quality spheroids in regenerative medicine and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Ogiwara
- Biotech
Business Unit, Incubation Center, artience
Co., Ltd., 5-6-7 Chiyoda, Sakado-city, Saitama 350-0214, Japan
- Department
of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takenobu Nakano
- Biotech
Business Unit, Incubation Center, artience
Co., Ltd., 5-6-7 Chiyoda, Sakado-city, Saitama 350-0214, Japan
| | - Koki Baba
- Biotech
Business Unit, Incubation Center, artience
Co., Ltd., 5-6-7 Chiyoda, Sakado-city, Saitama 350-0214, Japan
| | - Hidenori Noguchi
- Center
for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials and Global
Research Center for Environment and Energy based on Nanomaterials
Science (GREEN), National Institute for
Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tsukuru Masuda
- Department
of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Madoka Takai
- Department
of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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2
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Uwaezuoke O, Kumar P, du Toit LC, Ally N, Choonara YE. Design Characteristics of a Neoteric, Superhydrophilic, Mechanically Robust Hydrogel Engineered To Limit Fouling in the Ocular Environment. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:31410-31426. [PMID: 39072132 PMCID: PMC11270697 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Current challenges with ocular drug delivery and the chronic nature of many ocular ailments render the use of traditional ocular devices for additional drug delivery purposes very attractive. To achieve this feat, there is the need to develop biomaterials that are biocompatible, mechanically robust for ocular applications, highly transparent (depending on the targeted ocular device), and with ultralow protein adhesion potential (the primary step in processes that lead to fouling and potential device failure). Herein is reported the facile synthesis of a novel, highly transparent, mechanically robust, nontoxic, bulk functionalized hydrogel with characteristics suited to scalable fabrication of ocular implantable and nonimplantable devices. Synergistic superhydrophilicity between methacrylated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAGMA) and zwitterionic sulfobetaine methacrylate was exploited to obtain a superhydrophilic polymer conjugate through facile photoinitiated cross-linking polymerization. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATF-FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to confirm the synthesis and establish the physicochemical parameters for both the starting materials, the conjugated polymer, and the hydrogels. Cytotoxicity and cell adhesion potential evaluated in primary human retinal epithelial cells showed no toxicity or adhesion of the ocular cells. Biofilm adhesion studies in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus showed over 85% reduction in biofilm adhesion for the best-modified polymer compared to the unconjugated PVAGMA, highlighting its antifouling potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyinye
J. Uwaezuoke
- Wits
Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, School of Therapeutic
Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University
of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits
Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, School of Therapeutic
Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University
of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Lisa C. du Toit
- Wits
Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, School of Therapeutic
Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University
of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Naseer Ally
- Department
of Neurosciences, Division of Ophthalmology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Yahya E. Choonara
- Wits
Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, School of Therapeutic
Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University
of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
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3
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Abu Jarad N, Rachwalski K, Bayat F, Khan S, Shakeri A, MacLachlan R, Villegas M, Brown ED, Hosseinidoust Z, Didar TF, Soleymani L. A Bifunctional Spray Coating Reduces Contamination on Surfaces by Repelling and Killing Pathogens. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:16253-16265. [PMID: 36926806 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Surface-mediated transmission of pathogens is a major concern with regard to the spread of infectious diseases. Current pathogen prevention methods on surfaces rely on the use of biocides, which aggravate the emergence of antimicrobial resistance and pose harmful health effects. In response, a bifunctional and substrate-independent spray coating is presented herein. The bifunctional coating relies on wrinkled polydimethylsiloxane microparticles, decorated with biocidal gold nanoparticles to induce a "repel and kill" effect against pathogens. Pathogen repellency is provided by the structural hierarchy of the microparticles and their surface chemistry, whereas the kill mechanism is achieved using functionalized gold nanoparticles embedded on the microparticles. Bacterial tests with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa reveal a 99.9% reduction in bacterial load on spray-coated surfaces, while antiviral tests with Phi6─a bacterial virus often used as a surrogate to SARS-CoV-2─demonstrate a 98% reduction in virus load on coated surfaces. The newly developed spray coating is versatile, easily applicable to various surfaces, and effective against various pathogens, making it suitable for reducing surface contamination in frequently touched, heavy traffic, and high-risk surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Abu Jarad
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton L8S 4K1, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth Rachwalski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada
| | - Fereshteh Bayat
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada
| | - Shadman Khan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada
| | - Amid Shakeri
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada
| | - Roderick MacLachlan
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Villegas
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada
| | - Eric D Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada
| | - Zeinab Hosseinidoust
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada
| | - Tohid F Didar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton L8S 4K1, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton L8S 4K1, ON, Canada
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton L8S 4L7, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Engineering Physics, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S 4L7, Canada
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4
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Miao C, Wang L, Shang Y, Du M, Yang J, Yuan J. Tannic Acid-Assisted Immobilization of Copper(II), Carboxybetaine, and Argatroban on Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Mats for Synergistic Improvement of Blood Compatibility and Endothelialization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:15683-15693. [PMID: 36480797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia, small-diameter vascular grafts have poor long-term patency. A combination strategy based on nitric oxide (NO) and anticoagulants has the potential to address those issues. In this study, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) mats were prepared by electrospinning and coated with tannic acid (TA)/copper ion complexes. The chelated copper ions endowed the mats with sustained NO generation by catalytic decomposition of endogenous S-nitrosothiol. Subsequently, zwitterionic carboxybetaine acrylate (CBA) and argatroban (AG) were immobilized on the mats. The introduced AG and CBA had synergistic effects on the improvement of blood compatibility, resulting in reduced platelet adhesion and prolonged blood clotting time. The biocomposite mats selectively promoted the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells while inhibiting the proliferation and migration of human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells under physiological conditions. In addition, the prepared mats exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Collectively, the prepared mats hold great promise as artificial small-diameter vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuie Miao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yushuang Shang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Mingyu Du
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jinyu Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Yuan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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5
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Semak V, Eichhorn T, Weiss R, Weber V. Polyzwitterionic Coating of Porous Adsorbents for Therapeutic Apheresis. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040216. [PMID: 36412857 PMCID: PMC9680258 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Adsorbents for whole blood apheresis need to be highly blood compatible to minimize the activation of blood cells on the biomaterial surface. Here, we developed blood-compatible matrices by surface modification with polyzwitterionic polysulfobetainic and polycarboxybetainic coatings. Photoreactive zwitterionic terpolymers were synthesized by free-radical polymerization of zwitterionic, photoreactive, and fluorescent monomers. Upon UV irradiation, the terpolymers were photodeposited and mutually crosslinked on the surface of hydrophobic polystyrene-co-divinylbenzene and hydrophilic polyacrylamide-co-polyacrylate (DALI) beads. Fluorescent microscopy revealed coatings with an average thickness of 5 µm, which were limited to the bead surface. Blood compatibility was assessed based on polymer-induced hemolysis, coagulation parameters, and in vitro tests. The maintenance of the adsorption capacity after coating was studied in human whole blood with cytokines for polystyrene beads (remained capacity 25-67%) and with low-density lipoprotein (remained capacity 80%) for polyacrylate beads. Coating enhanced the blood compatibility of hydrophobic, but not of hydrophilic adsorbents. The most prominent effect was observed on coagulation parameters (e.g., PT, aPTT, TT, and protein C) and neutrophil count. Polycarboxybetaine with a charge spacer of five carbons was the most promising polyzwitterion for the coating of adsorbents for whole blood apheresis.
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6
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Chen J, Wang H, Liu X, Han X, Liu H. Multiple strategies to control the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of P(DMA- co-DMAEMA- co-QDMAEMA) coatings. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:4913-4922. [PMID: 35726664 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00521b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of polymers has an important influence not only on their aggregation behavior in aqueous solution, but also on their adhesion properties on the surface of substrates and the applications of the modified surfaces. Based on this, a random copolymer poly(dopamine methacrylamide-co-2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (P(DMA-co-DMAEMA)) was synthesized as a starting polymer to generate P(DMA-co-DMAEMA-co-QDMAEMA) (PDDQ) derivatives by a programmable quaternization of the DMAEMA precursor. By adjusting the pH or temperature, both the aggregation behavior in aqueous solutions and the surface adhesive behavior on the substrate surfaces of PDDQ copolymers were regulated due to the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance. Specifically, the surface adsorption of PDDQ copolymers on surfaces was enhanced by the increased hydrophobicity of PDDQ. Stainless steel meshes (SSM) modified with the PDDQ0 copolymer without quaternization showed a superoleophobicity in acidic aqueous media, which endowed it with improved oil-water separation performance. In addition, the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of PDDQs and their coatings could also be tuned by changing the ratio of DMAEMA to QDMAEMA in the copolymer. From PDDQ0 to PDDQ100, by increasing the hydrophilic QDMAEMA component of PDDQ copolymers, anti-protein properties and oil/water separation efficiency of the modified surfaces were also enhanced gradually. The results provided a reference for designing P(DMA-co-DMAEMA-co-QDMAEMA) coatings in different application environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Hanhan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Xing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Xia Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Honglai Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
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7
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Zhang W, Zhang H, Yang L, Tang Y, Tang P. Enhanced Crystallization and Properties of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanocomposites with Zeolites from 3D to 2D Topologies. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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He T, He J, Wang Z, Cui Z. Modification strategies to improve the membrane hemocompatibility in extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO). ADVANCED COMPOSITES AND HYBRID MATERIALS 2021; 4:847-864. [PMID: 33969267 PMCID: PMC8091652 DOI: 10.1007/s42114-021-00244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Since extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO) has been utilized to save countless lives by providing continuous extracorporeal breathing and circulation to patients with severe cardiopulmonary failure. In particular, it has played an important role during the COVID-19 epidemic. One of the important composites of ECMO is membrane oxygenator, and the core composite of the membrane oxygenator is hollow fiber membrane, which is not only a place for blood oxygenation, but also is a barrier between the blood and gas side. However, the formation of blood clots in the oxygenator is a key problem in the using process. According to the study of the mechanism of thrombosis generation, it was found that improving the hemocompatibility is an efficient approach to reduce thrombus formation by modifying the surface of materials. In this review, the corresponding modification methods (surface property regulation, anticoagulant grafting, and bio-interface design) of hollow fiber membranes in ECMO are classified and discussed, and then, the research status and development prospects are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhui He
- National Engineering Research Center for Special Separation Membrane, Nanjing Tech University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoliang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 210009 Nanjing, China
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9
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Ren Y, Zhou H, Lu J, Huang S, Zhu H, Li L. Theoretical and Experimental Optimization of the Graft Density of Functionalized Anti-Biofouling Surfaces by Cationic Brushes. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10120431. [PMID: 33348625 PMCID: PMC7766574 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10120431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diseases and complications related to catheter materials are severe problems in biomedical material applications, increasing the infection risk and medical expenses. Therefore, there is an enormous demand for catheter materials with antibacterial and antifouling properties. Considering this, in this work, we developed an approach of constructing antibacterial surfaces on polyurethane (PU) via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). A variety of cationic polymers were grafted on PU. The biocompatibility and antifouling properties of all resulting materials were evaluated and compared. We also used a theoretical algorithm to investigate the anticoagulant mechanism of our PU-based grafts. The hemocompatibility and anti-biofouling performance improved at a 86–112 μg/cm2 grafting density. The theoretical simulation demonstrated that the in vivo anti-fouling performance and optimal biocompatibility of our PU-based materials could be achieved at a 20% grafting degree. We also discuss the mechanism responsible for the hemocompatibility of the cationic brushes fabricated in this work. The results reported in this paper provide insights and novel ideas on material design for applications related to medical catheters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Ren
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; (Y.R.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (S.H.)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Function Materials, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongxia Zhou
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; (Y.R.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (S.H.)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin Lu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; (Y.R.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (S.H.)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sicheng Huang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; (Y.R.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (S.H.)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haomiao Zhu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; (Y.R.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (S.H.)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Function Materials, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Li Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; (Y.R.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (S.H.)
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Function Materials, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (L.L.)
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10
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Zhu T, Gao W, Fang D, Liu Z, Wu G, Zhou M, Wan M, Mao C. Bifunctional polymer brush-grafted coronary stent for anticoagulation and endothelialization. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 120:111725. [PMID: 33545876 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
At present, cardiovascular stent intervention faces clinical complications such as delayed endothelialization, late thrombosis and restenosis after implantation. In this work, a kind of bifunctional polymer brush-grafted coronary stent with anticoagulant and endothelial functions was developed. First, a block copolymer brush with zwitterionic structure consisting of sulfoethyl methacrylate (SBMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was surface-induced grafted onto the surface of bare metal coronary stent by atom transfer radical polymerization. The diethylenetriamine NONOate (DETA NONOate), acted as nitric oxide (NO) donor to promote endothelialization, was then attached to polyglycidyl methacrylate (PGMA) brush by a reactive epoxy group to produce NO. The process of chemical modification and the release behavior of NO were characterized in detail. Moreover, the results of anticoagulant test, cytotoxicity test, endothelial cells (ECs) proliferation test and animal experiment of this bifunctional polymer brush-grafted coronary stent we proposed indicate that the zwitterion modified and NO supplied bifunctional coatings has good anticoagulant property, no cytotoxicity and significant endothelialization effect. This work opens the door to combine biological activity of NO and anticoagulant effect of zwitterions, which has great potential to address post-operative side effects associated with restenosis and late stent thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wentao Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Dan Fang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guangyan Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Mimi Wan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chun Mao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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11
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Effect of molten salts on the structure, morphology and electrical conductivity of PET-derived carbon nanostructures. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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12
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Çaykara T, Sande MG, Azoia N, Rodrigues LR, Silva CJ. Exploring the potential of polyethylene terephthalate in the design of antibacterial surfaces. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:363-372. [PMID: 32037497 PMCID: PMC7248016 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most used polymeric materials in the health care sector mainly due to its advantages that include biocompatibility, high uniformity, mechanical strength and resistance against chemicals and/or abrasion. However, avoiding bacterial contamination on PET is still an unsolved challenge and two main strategies are being explored to overcome this drawback: the anti-adhesive and biocidal modification of PET surface. While bacterial adhesion depends on several surface properties namely surface charge and energy, hydrophilicity and surface roughness, a biocidal effect can be obtained by antimicrobial compounds attached to the surface to inhibit the growth of bacteria (bacteriostatic) or kill bacteria (bactericidal). Therefore, it is well known that granting antibacterial properties to PET surface would be beneficial in the prevention of infectious diseases. Different modification methods have been reported for such purpose. This review addresses some of the strategies that have been attempted to prevent or reduce the bacterial contamination on PET surfaces, including functionalisation, grafting, topographical surface modification and coating. Those strategies, particularly the grafting method seems to be very promising for healthcare applications to prevent infectious diseases and the emergence of bacteria resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugçe Çaykara
- CENTI-Center for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials, Rua Fernando Mesquita 278, 4760-034, Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria G Sande
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Azoia
- CENTI-Center for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials, Rua Fernando Mesquita 278, 4760-034, Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal
| | - Ligia R Rodrigues
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Carla Joana Silva
- CENTI-Center for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials, Rua Fernando Mesquita 278, 4760-034, Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal.
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Functionalization of polyethylene terephthalate knitted fabric with cowpea protein and biopolymer complex: Applications for enhancing wettability and UV-Protection properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 565:360-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.12.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Li D, Wei Q, Wu C, Zhang X, Xue Q, Zheng T, Cao M. Superhydrophilicity and strong salt-affinity: Zwitterionic polymer grafted surfaces with significant potentials particularly in biological systems. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 278:102141. [PMID: 32213350 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, zwitterionic polymers have been frequently reported to modify various surfaces to enhance hydrophilicity, antifouling and antibacterial properties, which show significant potentials particularly in biological systems. This review focuses on the fabrication, properties and various applications of zwitterionic polymer grafted surfaces. The "graft-from" and "graft-to" strategies, surface grafting copolymerization and post zwitterionization methods were adopted to graft lots type of the zwitterionic polymers on different inorganic/organic surfaces. The inherent hydrophilicity and salt affinity of the zwitterionic polymers endow the modified surfaces with antifouling, antibacterial and lubricating properties, thus the obtained zwitterionic surfaces show potential applications in biosystems. The zwitterionic polymer grafted membranes or stationary phases can effectively separate plasma, water/oil, ions, biomolecules and polar substrates. The nanomedicines with zwitterionic polymer shells have "stealth" effect in the delivery of encapsulated drugs, siRNA or therapeutic proteins. Moreover, the zwitterionic surfaces can be utilized as wound dressing, self-healing or oil extraction materials. The zwitterionic surfaces are expected as excellent support materials for biosensors, they are facing the severe challenges in the surface protection of marine facilities, and the dense ion pair layers may take unexpected role in shielding the grafted surfaces from strong electromagnetic field.
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Lorusso E, Ali W, Leniart M, Gebert B, Oberthür M, Gutmann JS. Tuning the Density of Zwitterionic Polymer Brushes on PET Fabrics by Aminolysis: Effect on Antifouling Performances. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 12:E6. [PMID: 31861436 PMCID: PMC7023513 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we synthesize zwitterionic polymer brushes on polyester fabrics by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) after a prefunctionalization step involving an aminolysis reaction with ethylenediamine. Aminolysis is an easy method to achieve homogeneous distributions of functional groups on polyester fibers (PET) fabrics. Varying the polymerization time and the prefunctionalization conditions of the reaction, it is possible to tune the amount of water retained over the surface and study its effect on protein adhesion. This study revealed that the polymerization time plays a major role in preventing protein adhesion on the PET surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Lorusso
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West ÖP GmbH, 47798 Krefeld, Germany;
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration (CENIDE), University Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany;
| | - Wael Ali
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration (CENIDE), University Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany;
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, 47798 Krefeld, Germany; (M.L.); (B.G.)
| | - Michael Leniart
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, 47798 Krefeld, Germany; (M.L.); (B.G.)
| | - Beate Gebert
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, 47798 Krefeld, Germany; (M.L.); (B.G.)
| | - Markus Oberthür
- Department of Design, Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (HAW) Hamburg, 22087 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Jochen S. Gutmann
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West ÖP GmbH, 47798 Krefeld, Germany;
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration (CENIDE), University Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany;
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, 47798 Krefeld, Germany; (M.L.); (B.G.)
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Lorusso E, Ali W, Hildebrandt M, Mayer-Gall T, Gutmann JS. Hydrogel Functionalized Polyester Fabrics by UV-Induced Photopolymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1329. [PMID: 31405134 PMCID: PMC6723342 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We address a strategy to graft hydrogels onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics using different acrylate-based monomers. The hydrogel-modified fabrics were prepared by a two-step modification. To this end, double functional groups were firstly introduced onto the PET surface via an aminolysis reaction involving allylamine. The final grafted polymer networks were then obtained after UV-induced radical photopolymerization by varying acrylate monomer types in the presence of a cross-linker. After characterization, the resulting hydrogels showed different morphologies and abrasion resistance performances depending on their chemical nature. UV-photopolymerization is a fast and low-cost method to achieve technical fabrics with specific desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Lorusso
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West ÖP GmbH, Adlerstr. 1, 47798 Krefeld, Germany.
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Wael Ali
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141, Essen, Germany.
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, Adlerstr. 1, 47798 Krefeld, Germany.
| | - Marcus Hildebrandt
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Mayer-Gall
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, Adlerstr. 1, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
| | - Jochen S Gutmann
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West ÖP GmbH, Adlerstr. 1, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center of Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 2, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West gGmbH, Adlerstr. 1, 47798 Krefeld, Germany
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Dong S, Jia Y, Xu X, Luo J, Han J, Sun X. Crystallization and properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/layered double hydroxide nanocomposites. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 539:54-64. [PMID: 30576988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) generally suffers from low crystallization rate and long molding duration, which as a result limit its application as engineering plastics. To overcome these drawbacks, series of PET/layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposites were prepared by a solution blending process. The effect of metal composition (MgAl and CaAl) and organo-modification (stearic acid intercalated) for LDH fillers on the crystallization behavior of the nanocomposites was investigated. It was revealed that, compared with PET/CaAl-LDH, the PET/MgAl-LDH nanocomposite exhibits a higher crystallization temperature and faster crystallization rate, which is associated with the superior nucleation ability of MgAl-LDH. The nucleation mechanism of PET induced by LDHs was explored by means of Avrami equation and theory of Hoffman-Lauritzen, pointing out that the incorporation of LDHs reduce the free energy of nucleation and the fold surface free energy of PET. In order to improve the compatibility between LDH and PET, stearic acid (SA) intercalated MgAl-LDH was prepared and filled into PET matrix. The resultant PET/MgAl-LDH-SA shows a further enhanced crystallization temperature and accelerated crystallization rate, in comparison with PET/MgAl-LDH nanocomposites. In addition, the thermal stability, gas barrier and mechanical properties of PET/LDH composites were improved upon incorporation of LDH fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yingqi Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xiaozhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jianeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jingbin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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Xin X, Li P, Zhu Y, Shi L, Yuan J, Shen J. Mussel-Inspired Surface Functionalization of PET with Zwitterions and Silver Nanoparticles for the Dual-Enhanced Antifouling and Antibacterial Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:1788-1797. [PMID: 30089363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we designed and constructed a dual functional surface with antimicrobial and antifouling abilities to prevent protein and bacterial attachment that are significant challenges in biomedical devices. Primary amino-group-capped sulfobetaine of DMMSA was synthesized and then grafted onto polydopamine pretreated PET sheets via click chemistry. The sheets were subsequently immersed into silver ion solution, in which the absorbed silver ions were reduced to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in situ by a polydopamine layer. The antifouling assays demonstrated that the resultant PET/DMMSA/AgNPs sheets exhibited great antifouling performances against bovine serum albumin (BSA), bovine fibrinogen (BFG), platelets, and bacteria, the critical proteins/microorganisms leading to implant failure. The antibacterial data suggested that the sheets had dual functions as inhibitors of bacterial growth and bactericide and could efficiently delay the biofilm formation. This repelling and killing approach is green and simple, with potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Xin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yinyan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Leigang Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jiang Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jian Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , China
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Zhang S, Li R, Huang D, Ren X, Huang TS. Antibacterial modification of PET with quaternary ammonium salt and silver particles via electron-beam irradiation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 85:123-129. [PMID: 29407140 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium compound 2-dimethyl-2-hexadecyl-1-methacryloxyethyl ammonium bromide (DEHMA) was synthesized and grafted onto polyester (PET) fibers with acrylic acid (AA) via electron-beam (EB) irradiation process. The grafted fibers were soaked in AgNO3 solution for further improving antibacterial efficiency. SEM, FTIR, EDX, and XPS were used to characterize the treated PET samples. The antibacterial efficacy testing showed the grafted PET samples inactivated all Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli O157:H7) in 10min. After coated with silver ions, the antibacterial efficacy of the grafted PET with silver against S. aureus improved significantly. The EB irradiation process only caused a small degree of the breaking strength loss of the grafted PET fabrics which is acceptable in practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center for Functional Textiles, College of Textiles and Clothing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center for Functional Textiles, College of Textiles and Clothing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center for Functional Textiles, College of Textiles and Clothing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xuehong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center for Functional Textiles, College of Textiles and Clothing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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