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Chen X, Liang S, Tao S, Yu W, Yuan S, Jian S, Wan N, Zhu Y, Bian S, Liu Y, Huang L, Duan H, Awasthi MK, Yang J. Sludge-derived iron-carbon material enhancing the removal of refractory organics in landfill leachate: Characteristics optimization, removal mechanism, and molecular-level investigation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166883. [PMID: 37690764 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Mature landfill leachate is a refractory organic wastewater, and needs physical and chemical pretreatments contemporaneously, e.g. iron-carbon micro-electrolysis (IC-ME). In this study, a novel iron-carbon (Fe-C) material was synthesized from waste activated sludge to be utilized in IC-ME for landfill leachate treatment. The pyrolysis temperature, mass ratio of iron to carbon, and solid-liquid ratio in leachate treatment were optimized as 900 °C with 1.59 and 34.7 g/L. Under these optimal conditions, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency reached 79.44 %, which was 2.6 times higher than that of commercial Fe-C material (30.1%). This excellent COD removal performance was indicated to a better mesoporous structure, and uniform distribution of zero-valent iron in novel Fe-C material derived from sludge. The contribution order of COD removal in IC-ME treatment for landfill leachate was proven as coagulation, adsorption, and redox effects by a contrast experiment. The removal of COD includes synthetic organic compounds, e.g. carcinogens, pharmaceuticals and personal care products. The contents of CHO, CHON, and CHOS compounds of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the leachate were decreased, and both the molecular weight and unsaturation of lipids, lignin, and tannic acids concentration were also reduced. Some newly generated small molecular DOM in the treated leachate further confirmed the existence of the redox effect to degrade DOM in leachate. The total cost of sludge-derived Fe-C material was only USD$ 152.8/t, which could save 76% of total compared with that of commercial Fe-C materials. This study expands the prominent source of Fe-C materials with excellent performance, and deepens the understanding of its application for leachate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Chen
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Sha Liang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Research Center of Water Quality Safety and Water Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Shuangyi Tao
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Research Center of Water Quality Safety and Water Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
| | - Shushan Yuan
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Research Center of Water Quality Safety and Water Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Sifeng Jian
- Central & Southern China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei 430010, China
| | - Nianhong Wan
- Central & Southern China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei 430010, China
| | - Yuwei Zhu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Shijie Bian
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Liang Huang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Research Center of Water Quality Safety and Water Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Huabo Duan
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Research Center of Water Quality Safety and Water Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiakuan Yang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycle Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Hubei Provincial Research Center of Water Quality Safety and Water Pollution Control Engineering Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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He X, Liu Y, Wang Q, Wang T, He J, Peng A, Qi K. Facile fabrication of Eu-based metal-organic frameworks for highly efficient capture of tetracycline hydrochloride from aqueous solutions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11107. [PMID: 37429960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38425-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) removal from wastewater is important for the environment and human health yet challenging. Herein, the Eu-based MOF, Eu(BTC) (BTC represents 1,3,5-trimesic acid) was prepared by an efficient and environmental-friendly strategy, and then was used for the TCH capture for the first time. The Eu(BTC) was characterized by different methods such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The TCH uptake of Eu(BTC) was investigated systematically. The influences of experiment conditions such as solution pH value, adsorption time and initial concentration on TCH capacity of Eu(BTC) were also studied. The Eu(BTC) obtained exhibited remarkable TCH uptake (qm was up to 397.65 mg/g), which was much higher than those of most materials such as UiO-66/PDA/BC (184.30 mg/g), PDA-NFsM (161.30 mg/g) and many carbon-based materials reported till now. Besides, the TCH adsorption behavior on Eu(BTC) was explored by Freundlich and Langmuir equations, and the adsorption mechanism was further analyzed. The experimental results suggested that the TCH adsorption mechanism of Eu(BTC) included the π-π interaction, electrostatic interaction and coordinate bonds. The excellent TCH adsorption performance and the efficient fabrication strategy make the Eu(BTC) prepared promising in TCH removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue He
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qicui Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671003, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieli He
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671003, People's Republic of China
| | - Anzhong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kezhen Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671003, People's Republic of China.
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Zhou YM, Li C, Liu L, Shen Y. Preparation of sludge-based micro-electrolysis filler and its application in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment by an up-flow aerated filter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:65762-65778. [PMID: 37093373 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27115-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) and raw pharmaceutical wastewater (RPW) are both toxic and harmful wastes, which are a menace to human and animal health and the ecosystem. A sludge-base micro-electrolysis filler (SMEF) was gained by SS and Fe powder as the primary raw materials. The preparation process of the SMEF was achieved based on the tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) removal efficiency. The physicochemical characteristics (e.g., surface area, morphology features, function groups, and valence state of Fe) of the obtained SMEF were decided. With an Fe/SS ratio of 1/2, a sintering temperature of 1050 °C, a sintering time of 30 min, an initial pH of 3, and a filler dosage of 100 g/L, the SMEF demonstrated a high degradation ability for TCH with a removal rate reached 95.62% in 24 h. Kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption process of TCH was consistent with the pseudo-first-order Lagergren kinetic model. Moreover, degradation mechanism analysis showed that TCH was gradually degraded through dehydroxylation, demethylation, ring opening, oxidation, and reduction in solution. The SMEF had a good continuous removal performance for contaminants in RPW in an up-flow aerated filter. The removal efficiency of TOC and TN reached 46.60 and 42.27% within 24 h, respectively. The treated pharmaceutical wastewater was considered non-biotoxic after 24-h treatment with the SMEF. This study presents a innovative Fe-C micro-electrolysis filler based on SS and is important to the environmental-friendly recycling of SS and sustainable treatment of RPW, achieving the purpose of waste disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ming Zhou
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, 19 Xuefu Avenue, Nan'an, Chongqing, 400067, China
- Chongqing South-to-Thais Environmental Protection Technology Research Lnstitute Co., Ltd, 19 Xuefu Avenue, Nan'an, Chongqing, 400060, China
| | - Chao Li
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, 19 Xuefu Avenue, Nan'an, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Li Liu
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, 19 Xuefu Avenue, Nan'an, Chongqing, 400067, China
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Yu Shen
- National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, 19 Xuefu Avenue, Nan'an, Chongqing, 400067, China.
- Chongqing South-to-Thais Environmental Protection Technology Research Lnstitute Co., Ltd, 19 Xuefu Avenue, Nan'an, Chongqing, 400060, China.
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Liu Z, Li Y, Li C, Thummavichai K, Feng C, Li Z, Liu S, Zhang S, Wang N, Zhu Y. MOF-derived biochar composites for enhanced high performance photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31900-31910. [PMID: 36380948 PMCID: PMC9641384 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05819g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar reinforced advanced nanocomposites are of interest to a wide circle of researchers. Herein, we describe a novel MOF-derived reinforced cow dung biochar composite, which was prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method to form the MOF MIL-125(Ti) onto a nitrogen and sulfur co-doped bio-carbon (NSCDBC). The UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrum of NSCDBC/MIL-125(Ti) exhibits an extension of light absorption in the visible region (360–800 nm), indicating its higher visible light capture capacity relative to pure MIL-125(Ti). The photocatalytic activity results show that all the NSCDBC/MIL-125(Ti) composite samples, namely NSCM-5, NSCM-10, NSCM-20 and NSCM-30 display good performance in the removal of tetracycline hydrochloride compared to pure MIL-125(Ti). Among them, NSCM-20 exhibits the highest catalytic activity with a removal rate of 94.62%, which is attributed to the excellent adsorption ability of NSCDBC and the ability to inhibit the complexation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Photoluminescence verifies that the loading of biochar successfully enhances the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Subsequently, the active species in the photocatalytic process are identified by using electron spin resonance spin-trap techniques and free radical trapping experiments. Finally, the possible reaction mechanism for the photocatalytic process is revealed. These results confirm that NSCDBC/MIL-125(Ti) is a potentially low-cost, green photocatalyst for water quality improvement. Schematic diagram of fabricating process of NSCDBC/MIL-125(Ti).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liu
- Guangxi Institute Fullerene Technology (GIFT), Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Resources, Environment and Materials. Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yi Li
- Guangxi Institute Fullerene Technology (GIFT), Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Resources, Environment and Materials. Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chen Li
- Guangxi Institute Fullerene Technology (GIFT), Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Resources, Environment and Materials. Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kunyapat Thummavichai
- College of Engineering, Department of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Chen Feng
- Guangxi Institute Fullerene Technology (GIFT), Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Resources, Environment and Materials. Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Guangxi Institute Fullerene Technology (GIFT), Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Resources, Environment and Materials. Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Song Liu
- Guangxi Institute Fullerene Technology (GIFT), Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Resources, Environment and Materials. Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shenghua Zhang
- Guangxi Institute Fullerene Technology (GIFT), Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Resources, Environment and Materials. Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Guangxi Institute Fullerene Technology (GIFT), Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Resources, Environment and Materials. Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhu
- Guangxi Institute Fullerene Technology (GIFT), Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Resources, Environment and Materials. Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- College of Engineering, Department of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
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Li X, Jia Y, Qin Y, Zhou M, Sun J. Iron-carbon microelectrolysis for wastewater remediation: Preparation, performance and interaction mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130483. [PMID: 34126692 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization and urbanization have produced a lot of hazardous substances in water and wastewater, which has turned into a crucial issue to the environment and the public health. Recently, iron carbon microelectrolysis (IC-ME) has attracted extensive attention in environmental remediation due to its low costs and excellent performance. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of a more systematic review on IC-ME preparation methods, their performance, and the interaction mechanisms of IC-ME in the remediation of wastewater. Herein, this work summarizes the synthetic methods, application of IC-ME materials, and the mechanism of pollutant removal by IC-ME. A variety approaches have been applied to prepare IC-ME materials, and the preparation methods and conditions have a certain influence on the properties of IC-ME materials, thus affecting the performance of pollutant removal. The mechanisms of IC-ME for contaminants removal are very complex, including adsorption, coprecipitation, reduction, surface complexation, and oxidation. Moreover, research vacant fields and problems that existed in the application of IC-ME are proposed. At last, the problems to be addressed to adapt IC to future applications are introduced. This paper reviews and prospects IC-ME wastewater remediation technology, which provides a reference for further scientific research and engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
| | - Yan Jia
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yang Qin
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Minghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environ. Technol. for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Jianhui Sun
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
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6
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UV-A light irradiated photocatalytic performance of hydrothermally obtained W doped BaZrO3 catalyst against the degradation of levofloxacin and tetracycline antibiotic. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhang L, Gao Y, Yue Q, Zhang P, Wang Y, Gao B. Prepartion and application of novel blast furnace dust based catalytic-ceramic-filler in electrolysis assisted catalytic micro-electrolysis system for ciprofloxacin wastewater treatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 383:121215. [PMID: 31546220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Blast furnace dust (BFD), a hazardous metallurgical waste, is generated during the iron-making process and consists plenty of Fe and C. This study is among the first to apply BFD in catalytic-ceramic-filler (CCF) preparation and degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP). The novel BFD based Fe-Ni CCF obviously enhanced the removal of CIP (from around 42%-72% after 3 h) in comparation with troditional Fe-C ceramic-filler(CF). The Fe-Ni CCF was further applied in a coupled system of electrolysis assisted catalytic micro-electrolysis (E-CME) process for CIP wastewater treatment. Under optimal operating conditions (iron rod as anode, voltage of 10v and HRT of 3 h), nearly 97% of CIP, 90% of total organic carbon (TOC) and 99% of total phosphorus (TP) were removed by E-CME process in near-neutral solution. The degradation mechanism analysis by LC-MS revealed that polyhydroxy sub-stituted, piperazine rings cleavage and so on were the main reaction of CIP in E-CME process. Additionally, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) residue after E-CME process could be effectively eliminated by up-flow anaerobic filter (UAF), owing to the significant improvement of wastewater biodegradability by E-CME pretreatment. This study provides a new way for co-friend recycling of BFD and a highly-efficient, cost-sffective technology for CIP wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yue Gao
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Tsinghuan University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Qinyan Yue
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Shandong Urban Construction Vocational College, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shandong Construction Project Environmental Assessment Service Center, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Zheng X, Jin M, Xu H, Chen W, Zhang Y, Yang M, Shao X, Xu Z, Wang W. Enhanced Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in A Denitrifying Biological Filter Using Waterworks Sludge Ceramsite Coupled with Iron-Carbon. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16152646. [PMID: 31344958 PMCID: PMC6695854 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, waterworks sludge ceramsite (WSC) was combined with 3% iron-carbon matrix in a denitrifying biological filter (ICWSC-DNBF) to enhance the simultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in secondary effluent of wastewater treatment plant (SE-WTP). The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogen removal, as well as phosphorus removal and the adsorbed forms of phosphorus were measured and the removal mechanism of these pollutants by the ICWSC-DNBF system for treating SE-WTP were investigated. The results showed that the ICWSC-DNBF achieved good removals of COD, NH4+-N, NO3--N, total N and total P; effluent concentrations were 17.23 mg/L, 3.72 mg/L, 14.32 mg/L, 17.38 mg/L and 0.82 mg/L, respectively. WSC enhanced the P removal due to its high specific surface area and the high number of adsorption sites. Fe-P and Al-P were the main forms of P adsorbed by WSC, accounting for 78.53% of the total adsorbed P. WSC coupled with Fe and C improved the biodegradability of SE-WTP and promoted the removal of organic matter. The removal of N was attributed to the abundant denitrifying microorganisms in the system and the electrochemical effect produced by the internal electrolysis of Fe and C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Mengqi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xiaoyao Shao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Weihong Wang
- College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Nongda east road No.311, Sayibak District, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, 830052
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