1
|
Bibha K, Akhigbe TM, Hamed MA, Akhigbe RE. Metabolic Derangement by Arsenic: a Review of the Mechanisms. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1972-1982. [PMID: 37670201 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies have implicated arsenic exposure in various pathological conditions, including metabolic disorders, which have become a global phenomenon, affecting developed, developing, and under-developed nations. Despite the huge risks associated with arsenic exposure, humans remain constantly exposed to it, especially through the consumption of contaminated water and food. This present study provides an in-depth insight into the mechanistic pathways involved in the metabolic derangement by arsenic. Compelling pieces of evidence demonstrate that arsenic induces metabolic disorders via multiple pathways. Apart from the initiation of oxidative stress and inflammation, arsenic prevents the phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473 and Thr308, leading to the inhibition of PDK-1/Akt insulin signaling, thereby reducing GLUT4 translocation through the activation of Nrf2. Also, arsenic downregulates mitochondrial deacetylase Sirt3, decreasing the ability of its associated transcription factor, FOXO3a, to bind to the agents that support the genes for manganese superoxide dismutase and PPARg co-activator (PGC)-1a. In addition, arsenic activates MAPKs, modulates p53/ Bcl-2 signaling, suppresses Mdm-2 and PARP, activates NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-mediated apoptosis, and induces ER stress, and ox-mtDNA-dependent mitophagy and autophagy. More so, arsenic alters lipid metabolism by decreasing the presence of 3-hydroxy-e-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 and carnitine O-octanoyl transferase (Crot) and increasing the presence of fatty acid-binding protein-3 mRNA. Furthermore, arsenic promotes atherosclerosis by inducing endothelial damage. This cascade of pathophysiological events promotes metabolic derangement. Although the pieces of evidence provided by this study are convincing, future studies evaluating the involvement of other likely mechanisms are important. Also, epidemiological studies might be necessary for the translation of most of the findings in animal models to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Bibha
- Department of Zoology, Magadh Mahila College, Patna University, Patna, India
| | - T M Akhigbe
- Breeding and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Agronomy, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - M A Hamed
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- The Brainwill Laboratory, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - R E Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rosendo GBO, Ferreira RLU, Aquino SLS, Barbosa F, Pedrosa LFC. Glycemic Changes Related to Arsenic Exposure: An Overview of Animal and Human Studies. Nutrients 2024; 16:665. [PMID: 38474793 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic (As) is a risk factor associated with glycemic alterations. However, the mechanisms of action and metabolic aspects associated with changes in glycemic profiles have not yet been completely elucidated. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to investigate the metabolic aspects of As and its mechanism of action associated with glycemic changes. METHODS We searched the PubMed (MEDLINE) and Google Scholar databases for relevant articles published in English. A combination of free text and medical subject heading keywords and search terms was used to construct search equations. The search yielded 466 articles; however, only 50 were included in the review. RESULTS We observed that the relationship between As exposure and glycemic alterations in humans may be associated with sex, smoking status, body mass index, age, occupation, and genetic factors. The main mechanisms of action associated with changes induced by exposure to As in the glycemic profile identified in animals are increased oxidative stress, reduced expression of glucose transporter type 4, induction of inflammatory factor expression and dysfunction of pancreatic β cells. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, As exposure may be associated with glycemic alterations according to inter-individual differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Séphora Louyse Silva Aquino
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucia Fatima Campos Pedrosa
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Y, Zhou M, Liang R, Yu L, Cheng M, Wang X, Wang B, Chen W. Arsenic exposure incurs hyperglycemia mediated by oxidative damage in urban adult population: A prospective cohort study with three repeated measures. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:116009. [PMID: 37119843 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The associations and potential mechanisms of low to moderate arsenic exposure with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are still unclear. To assess the effects of short-term and long-term arsenic exposure on hyperglycemia and the mediating effect of oxidative damage on such association, three repeated-measures studies with 9938 observations were conducted in the Wuhan-Zhuhai cohort. The levels of urinary total arsenic, FPG, urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha (8-iso-PGF2α), urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and plasma protein carbonyls (PCO) were measured. Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate the exposure-response relationships of urinary total arsenic with FPG and the prevalent risks of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), T2DM, and abnormal glucose regulation (AGR). Cox regression models were applied to assess the associations of arsenic exposure with incident risks of IFG, T2DM, and AGR. Mediation analyses were performed to assess the mediating effects of 8-iso-PGF2α, 8-OHdG, and PCO. In cross-sectional analyses, each one-unit increase in natural log-transformed urinary total arsenic was associated with a 0.082 (95% CI: 0.047 to 0.118) mmol/L increase in FPG, as well as a 10.3% (95% CI: 1.4%-20.0%), 4.4% (95% CI: 5.3%-15.2%), and 8.7% (95% CI: 1.2%-16.6%) increase in prevalent risks of IFG, T2DM, and AGR, respectively. In longitudinal analyses, arsenic exposure was further associated with the annual increased rate of FPG with a β (95% CI) of 0.021 (95% CI: 0.010 to 0.033). The incident risks of IFG, T2DM, and AGR were increased without statistical significance when arsenic levels increased. Mediation analyses showed that 8-iso-PGF2α and PCO mediated 30.04% and 10.02% of the urinary total arsenic-associated FPG elevation, respectively. Our study indicated that arsenic exposure was associated with elevated level and progression rate of FPG among general Chinese adults, where lipid peroxidation and oxidative protein damage might be the potential mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruyi Liang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Linling Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Naz S, Mansouri B, Chatha AMM, Ullah Q, Abadeen ZU, Khan MZ, Khan A, Saeed S, Bhat RA. Water quality and health risk assessment of trace elements in surface water at Punjnad Headworks, Punjab, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:61457-61469. [PMID: 35442001 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20210-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of the aquatic ecosystem due to different trace elements has become a global concern which has raised health-related issues for both aquatic and human life. Industrial and agricultural water run-off drained into the rivers and deposit trace elements in water, sediments and planktons. This study was designed to calculate the burden of trace elements such as aluminium (Al), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), and lead (Pb) in the river water of Punjnad Headworks, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. Samples were collected from surface water, bed sediments and planktons during autumn, winter and spring seasons (September 2018 to May 2019). The results showed that the concentration of Pb was highest in surface water (453.87 mg L-1), while that of Al was highest in sediments (370.24 µg g-1) and plankton (315.05 µg g-1). A significant difference was found in metal concentrations among surface water, bed sediments and plankton at different sampling stations during various seasons. Importantly, the Exping (0.71, 1.23-3, 0.34, 0.02 for Pb, As, Al, and Ba, respectively) and Expderm (7.09-8, 1.2310, 3.42-8, and 2.48-9 for Pb, As, Al, and Ba, respectively) for trace elements were below 1.0 suggesting non-significant adverse effects of trace elements on human health. This study provided better understanding of various pollutants and their concentrations in water sources at the studied location.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saima Naz
- Department of Zoology, The Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Borhan Mansouri
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Qudrat Ullah
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Zain Ul Abadeen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, 38040, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Zahoor Khan
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agriculture Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Saba Saeed
- Department of Zoology, The Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Handali S, Rezaei M. Arsenic and weight loss: At a crossroad between lipogenesis and lipolysis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 68:126836. [PMID: 34385035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is found in soil, food, water and earth crust. Arsenic exposure is associated with chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease as well as diabetes. One of complex effects of arsenic is on weight gain or loss. Involvement of arsenic in both weight loss and gain signaling pathways has previously been reported; however, too little attention has been paid to its weight reducing effect. Animal studies exhibited a role of arsenic in weight loss. In this regard, arsenic interference with endocrine system, leptin and adiponectin hormones as well as thermogenesis is more evidence. Apparently, arsenic-induced weight lossis generally meditated by its interaction with thermogenesis. In this review we have discussed the irregularities in metabolic pathways induced by arsenic that can lead to weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Handali
- Medical Biomaterial Research Center (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaei
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mukherjee R, Pandya P, Baxi D, Ramachandran AV. Endocrine Disruptors-'Food' for Thought. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2021; 74:432-442. [PMID: 34866764 PMCID: PMC8632730 DOI: 10.1007/s12595-021-00414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Green vegetables, fruits, cereals, and pulses are all rich sources of antioxidants. Retinoic acid, ascorbate, proanthocyanidins, tannins, saponins, melatonin, curcumin, allicin, and alpha-lipoic acid stand documented in plants as bioactive compounds. The international dietary committee advocates a specific quantum of these natural antioxidants through diet. Interestingly, environmental pollution has indeed affected most of these farm products. The use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and heavy metals in soil has a cumulative effect on human health. Enough evidence is available for the presence of phytoestrogen, xenoestrogen, and a host of other endocrine disruptors in the food. These plant-based nutrients can mimic or enhance the natural hormone's health effects. While endocrine disruptors are found in many everyday products, this review aims to address endocrine disruptors from food in the Asian subcontinent. 'Food for thought' justifies the paradigm shift towards good endocrine health by swaying away from the conventional daily dietary recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raktim Mukherjee
- Shree P.M. Patel Institute of PG Studies and Research in Science, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Anand, Gujarat India
| | - Parth Pandya
- Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Science, Navrachana University, Vadodara, 391410 Gujarat India
| | - Darshee Baxi
- Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Science, Navrachana University, Vadodara, 391410 Gujarat India
| | - A. V. Ramachandran
- School of Science, Navrachana University, Vadodara, 391410 Gujarat India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Patwa J, Flora SJS. Heavy Metal-Induced Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Insights into Molecular Mechanisms and Possible Reversal Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113862. [PMID: 32485831 PMCID: PMC7313017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are considered a continuous threat to humanity, as they cannot be eradicated. Prolonged exposure to heavy metals/metalloids in humans has been associated with several health risks, including neurodegeneration, vascular dysfunction, metabolic disorders, cancer, etc. Small blood vessels are highly vulnerable to heavy metals as they are directly exposed to the blood circulatory system, which has comparatively higher concentration of heavy metals than other organs. Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is an umbrella term used to describe various pathological processes that affect the cerebral small blood vessels and is accepted as a primary contributor in associated disorders, such as dementia, cognitive disabilities, mood disorder, and ischemic, as well as a hemorrhagic stroke. In this review, we discuss the possible implication of heavy metals/metalloid exposure in CSVD and its associated disorders based on in-vitro, preclinical, and clinical evidences. We briefly discuss the CSVD, prevalence, epidemiology, and risk factors for development such as genetic, traditional, and environmental factors. Toxic effects of specific heavy metal/metalloid intoxication (As, Cd, Pb, Hg, and Cu) in the small vessel associated endothelium and vascular dysfunction too have been reviewed. An attempt has been made to highlight the possible molecular mechanism involved in the pathophysiology, such as oxidative stress, inflammatory pathway, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression, and amyloid angiopathy in the CSVD and related disorders. Finally, we discussed the role of cellular antioxidant defense enzymes to neutralize the toxic effect, and also highlighted the potential reversal strategies to combat heavy metal-induced vascular changes. In conclusion, heavy metals in small vessels are strongly associated with the development as well as the progression of CSVD. Chelation therapy may be an effective strategy to reduce the toxic metal load and the associated complications.
Collapse
|
8
|
Jahangirnejad R, Goudarzi M, Kalantari H, Najafzadeh H, Rezaei M. Subcellular Organelle Toxicity Caused by Arsenic Nanoparticles in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE 2020; 11:41-52. [PMID: 31905194 PMCID: PMC7024596 DOI: 10.15171/ijoem.2020.1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic, an environmental pollutant, is a carcinogenic metalloid and also an anticancer agent. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the toxicity of arsenic nanoparticles in rat hepatocytes. METHODS Freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were exposed to 0, 20, 40, and 100 μM of arsenic nanoparticles and its bulk counterpart. Their viability, reactive oxygen species level, glutathione depletion, mitochondrial and lysosomal damage, and apoptosis were evaluated. RESULTS By all concentrations, lysosomal damage and apoptosis were clearly evident in hepatocytes exposed to arsenic nanoparticles. Evaluation of mitochondria and lysosomes revealed that lysosomes were highly damaged. CONCLUSION Exposure to arsenic nanoparticles causes apoptosis and organelle impairment. The nanoparticles have potentially higher toxicity than the bulk arsenic. Lysosomes are highly affected. It seems that, instead of mitochondria, lysosomes are the first target organelles involved in the toxicity induced by arsenic nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Jahangirnejad
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Heibatullah Kalantari
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Najafzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rehman K, Fatima F, Akash MSH. Biochemical investigation of association of arsenic exposure with risk factors of diabetes mellitus in Pakistani population and its validation in animal model. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:511. [PMID: 31346790 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is one of the naturally occurring heavy metal that has been reported to cause damaging effects on different body organs. This study was aimed to determine the arsenic level in different water sources and investigate the effect of arsenic exposure on risk factors of diabetes mellitus (DM) in human participants and experimental animals. We recruited 150 participants to investigate the arsenic exposure in their urine and from drinking water. We found that males contained significantly higher (P < 0.001) concentrations of urinary arsenic as compared with that of their female counterparts. Similarly, urinary arsenic concentration was high and showed significant association in the age of ≥ 60 years (P < 0.05), illiterate (P < 0.001), smokers (P < 0.0001), and diabetic (P < 0.0001) participants. Moreover, urinary arsenic exposure was also associated with higher levels of fasting (P < 0.001) and random blood glucose (P < 0.001), HbA1c (P < 0.001), AST, ALT, MDA, IL-6, CRP, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine in arsenic-exposed diabetics as compared with that of unexposed diabetics. Further, we also exposed the white albino rats with arsenic in drinking water for 30 days and their blood glucose was measured at 15th and 30th days of treatment that was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in arsenic-exposed animals as compared with that of unexposed animals. Similarly, arsenic-exposed animals failed to tolerate exogenously administered glucose (P < 0.001) as compared with that of unexposed animals. Likewise, insulin and glutathione concentrations were also significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in arsenic-exposed animals as compared with that of unexposed animals. The alterations in normal values of glucose, insulin, and glutathione exhibited the damaging effects of arsenic exposure in experimental rats. This study showed that arsenic exposed to human beings and animals through drinking water resulted in the disruption of pancreatic β-cell functioning that provoked the risk factor for development of DM. This study also suggested that long-term arsenic exposure induces hyperglycemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress that may lead to the onset of development of DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Rehman
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fiza Fatima
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rezaei M, Keshtzar E, Khodayar MJ, Javadipour M. SirT3 regulates diabetogenic effects caused by arsenic: An implication for mitochondrial complex II modification. Toxicol Lett 2019; 301:24-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
11
|
Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S, Azimi-Nezhad M. The role of arsenic in obesity and diabetes. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12516-12529. [PMID: 30667058 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As many individuals worlwide are exposed to arsenic, it is necessary to unravel the role of arsenic in the risk of obesity and diabetes. Therefore, the present study reviewed the effects of arsenic exposure on the risk and potential etiologic mechanisms of obesity and diabetes. It has been suggested that inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis contribute to the pathogenesis of arsenic-induced diabetes and obesity. Though arsenic is known to cause diabetes through different mechanisms, the role of adipose tissue in diabetes is still unclear. This review exhibited the effects of arsenic on the metabolism and signaling pathways within adipose tissue (such as sirtuin 3 [SIRT3]- forkhead box O3 [FOXO3a], mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK], phosphoinositide-dependant kinase-1 [PDK-1], unfolded protein response, and C/EBP homologous protein [CHOP10]). Different types of adipokines involved in arsenic-induced diabetes are yet to be elucidated. Arsenic exerts negative effects on the white adipose tissue by decreasing adipogenesis and enhancing lipolysis. Some epidemiological studies have shown that arsenic can promote obesity. Nevertheless, few studies have indicated that arsenic may induce lipodystrophy. Arsenic multifactorial effects include accelerating birth and postnatal weight gains, elevated body fat content, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and increased serum lipid profile. Arsenic also elevated cord blood and placental, as well as postnatal serum leptin levels. The data from human studies indicate an association between inorganic arsenic exposure and the risk of diabetes and obesity. However, the currently available evidence is insufficient to conclude that low-moderate dose arsenic is associated with diabetes or obesity development. Therefore, more investigations are needed to determine biological mechanisms linking arsenic exposure to obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Carmean CM, Seino S. Braving the Element: Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction and Adaptation in Response to Arsenic Exposure. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:344. [PMID: 31258514 PMCID: PMC6587364 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious global health problem, currently affecting an estimated 451 million people worldwide. T2DM is characterized by hyperglycemia and low insulin relative to the metabolic demand. The precise contributing factors for a given individual vary, but generally include a combination of insulin resistance and insufficient insulin secretion. Ultimately, the progression to diabetes occurs only after β-cells fail to meet the needs of the individual. The stresses placed upon β-cells in this context manifest as increased oxidative damage, local inflammation, and ER stress, often inciting a destructive spiral of β-cell death, increased metabolic stress due to further insufficiency, and additional β-cell death. Several pathways controlling insulin resistance and β-cell adaptation/survival are affected by a class of exogenous bioactive compounds deemed endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Epidemiological studies have shown that, in several regions throughout the world, exposure to the EDC inorganic arsenic (iAs) correlates significantly with T2DM. It has been proposed that a lifetime of exposure to iAs may exacerbate problems with both insulin sensitivity as well as β-cell function/survival, promoting the development of T2DM. This review focuses on the mechanisms of iAs action as they relate to known adaptive and maladaptive pathways in pancreatic β-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Carmean
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Christopher M. Carmean
| | - Susumu Seino
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Susumu Seino
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sargis RM, Heindel JJ, Padmanabhan V. Interventions to Address Environmental Metabolism-Disrupting Chemicals: Changing the Narrative to Empower Action to Restore Metabolic Health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:33. [PMID: 30778334 PMCID: PMC6369180 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disease rates have increased dramatically over the last four decades. Classic understanding of metabolic physiology has attributed these global trends to decreased physical activity and caloric excess; however, these traditional risk factors insufficiently explain the magnitude and rapidity of metabolic health deterioration. Recently, the novel contribution of environmental metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs) to various metabolic diseases (including obesity, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) is becoming recognized. As this burgeoning body of evidence has matured, various organic and inorganic pollutants of human and natural origin have emerged as metabolic disease risk factors based on population-level and experimental data. Recognition of these heretofore underappreciated metabolic stressors now mandates that efforts to mitigate the devastating consequences of metabolic disease include dedicated efforts to address environmental drivers of disease risk; however, there have not been adequate recommendations to reduce exposures or to mitigate the effects of exposures on disease outcomes. To address this knowledge gap and advance the clinical translation of MDC science, herein discussed are behaviors that increase exposures to MDCs, interventional studies to reduce those exposures, and small-scale clinical trials to reduce the body burden of MDCs. Also, we discuss evidence from cell-based and animal studies that provide insights into MDC mechanisms of action, the influence of modifiable dietary factors on MDC toxicity, and factors that modulate MDC transplacental carriage as well as their impact on metabolic homeostasis. A particular emphasis of this discussion is on critical developmental windows during which short-term MDC exposure can elicit long-term disruptions in metabolic health with potential inter- and transgenerational effects. While data gaps remain and further studies are needed, the current state of evidence regarding interventions to address MDC exposures illuminates approaches to address environmental drivers of metabolic disease risk. It is now incumbent on clinicians and public health agencies to incorporate this knowledge into comprehensive strategies to address the metabolic disease pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Sargis
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Robert M. Sargis
| | - Jerrold J. Heindel
- Program on Endocrine Disruption Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|