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Akavipat P, Sookplung P, Lekprasert V, Kasemsiri C, Lerdsirisophon S. Dexmedetomidine for awake craniotomy: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci 2024; 127:110765. [PMID: 39079421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2024.110765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For awake craniotomy, monitored anaesthesia care (MAC) had shown relatively lower failure rates. Nevertheless, the conclusion of the appropriate anaesthetic agents, and complications, has not been proposed. Therefore, the systematic review and meta-analysis was done to compare the clinical profile, surgical outcomes, and anesthesia-related complications between dexmedetomidine-based and non-dexmedetomidine regimens during monitored anesthesia care (MAC) for this procedure. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Published clinical trials described MAC, including the amount of anaesthetic drugs, or the number of patients for awake craniotomy between January 1st, 2009 and March 31st, 2022 were reviewed through PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and grey literature index. The standard methodological procedures were following the PRISMA statement with the PROSPERO registration. Twenty-two articles with 2,137 awake craniotomy patients identified as epilepsy surgery, deep brain stimulation procedure, and intracranial surgery closed to an eloquent area with intraoperative awakening for neuro-evaluation were included. The relative risk (RR) regarding surgical outcomes, and anaesthesia-related complications were compared. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Dexmedetomidine-based versus non-dexmedetomidine anaesthetic regimen revealed no statistically significant differences in surgical outcomes (RR 1.08, 95 %CI 0.94-1.24), conversion to general anaesthesia (RR 0.45, 95 %CI 0.05-3.83), respiratory complications (RR 0.4, 95 %CI 0.12-1.27), and intraoperative nausea and vomiting (RR 0.30, 95 %CI 0.08-1.14). However, the intraoperative seizure was higher in non-dexmedetomidine group (RR 4.26, 95 %CI 1.49-12.16). CONCLUSION MAC for awake craniotomy with dexmedetomidine seems to be effective and safe. Randomized controlled trials with standard protocol in specific group of patients and surgical interventions would further demonstrate a clear benefit of dexmedetomidine in awake craniotomy under MAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuping Akavipat
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neurological Institute of Thailand, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Pimwan Sookplung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neurological Institute of Thailand, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Varinee Lekprasert
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Cataleya Kasemsiri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Surunchana Lerdsirisophon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Wang K, Wang Y, Zhang T, Chang B, Fu D, Chen X. The Role of Intravenous Anesthetics for Neuro: Protection or Toxicity? Neurosci Bull 2024:10.1007/s12264-024-01265-4. [PMID: 39153174 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary intravenous anesthetics employed in clinical practice encompass dexmedetomidine (Dex), propofol, ketamine, etomidate, midazolam, and remimazolam. Apart from their established sedative, analgesic, and anxiolytic properties, an increasing body of research has uncovered neuroprotective effects of intravenous anesthetics in various animal and cellular models, as well as in clinical studies. However, there also exists conflicting evidence pointing to the potential neurotoxic effects of these intravenous anesthetics. The role of intravenous anesthetics for neuro on both sides of protection or toxicity has been rarely summarized. Considering the mentioned above, this work aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved both in the central nerve system (CNS) and the peripheral nerve system (PNS) and provide valuable insights into the potential safety and risk associated with the clinical use of intravenous anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bingcheng Chang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550003, China
| | - Daan Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Wongsripuemtet P, Ohnuma T, Temkin N, Barber J, Komisarow J, Manley GT, Hatfield J, Treggiari M, Colton K, Sasannejad C, Chaikittisilpa N, Ivins-O'Keefe K, Grandhi R, Laskowitz D, Mathew JP, Hernandez A, James ML, Raghunathan K, Miller J, Vavilala M, Krishnamoorthy V. Association of early dexmedetomidine exposure with brain injury biomarker levels following moderate - Severe traumatic brain injury: A TRACK-TBI study. J Clin Neurosci 2024; 126:338-347. [PMID: 39029302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers autonomic dysfunction and inflammatory response that can result in secondary brain injuries. Dexmedetomidine is an alpha-2 agonist that may modulate autonomic function and inflammation and has been increasingly used as a sedative agent for critically ill TBI patients. We aimed to investigate the association between early dexmedetomidine exposure and blood-based biomarker levels in moderate-to-severe TBI (msTBI). METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Transforming Clinical Research and Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury Study (TRACK-TBI), which enrolled acute TBI patients prospectively across 18 United States Level 1 trauma centers between 2014-2018. Our study population focused on adults with msTBI defined by Glasgow Coma Scale score 3-12 after resuscitation, who required mechanical ventilation and sedation within the first 48 h of ICU admission. The study's exposure was early dexmedetomidine utilization (within the first 48 h of admission). Primary outcome included brain injury biomarker levels measured from circulating blood on day 3 following injury, including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) and the inflammatory biomarker C-reactive protein (CRP). Secondary outcomes assessed biomarker levels on days 5 and 14. Linear mixed-effects regression modelling of the log-transformed response variable was used to analyze the association of early dexmedetomidine exposure with brain injury biomarker levels. RESULTS Among the 352 TRACK-TBI subjects that met inclusion criteria, 50 (14.2 %) were exposed to early dexmedetomidine, predominantly male (78 %), white (81 %), and non-Hispanic (81 %), with mean age of 39.8 years. Motor vehicle collisions (27 %) and falls (22 %) were common causes of injury. No significant associations were found between early dexmedetomidine exposure with day 3 brain injury biomarker levels (GFAP, ratio = 1.46, 95 % confidence interval [0.90, 2.34], P = 0.12; UCH-L1; ratio = 1.17 [0.89, 1.53], P = 0.26; NSE, ratio = 1.19 [0.92, 1.53], P = 0.19; S100B, ratio = 1.01 [0.95, 1.06], P = 0.82; hs-CRP, ratio = 1.29 [0.91, 1.83], P = 0.15). The hs-CRP level at day 14 in the dexmedetomidine group was higher than that of the non-exposure group (ratio = 1.62 [1.12, 2.35], P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS There were no significant associations between early dexmedetomidine exposure and day 3 brain injury biomarkers in msTBI. Our findings suggest that early dexmedetomidine use is not correlated with either decrease or increase in brain injury biomarkers following msTBI. Further research is necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pattrapun Wongsripuemtet
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Tetsu Ohnuma
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nancy Temkin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jason Barber
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jordan Komisarow
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Geoffrey T Manley
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jordan Hatfield
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Miriam Treggiari
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Katharine Colton
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Cina Sasannejad
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nophanan Chaikittisilpa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kelly Ivins-O'Keefe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ramesh Grandhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Daniel Laskowitz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Joseph P Mathew
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Adrian Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael L James
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Karthik Raghunathan
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Joseph Miller
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Monica Vavilala
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Vijay Krishnamoorthy
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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Liu SY, Kelly-Hedrick M, Komisarow J, Hatfield J, Ohnuma T, Treggiari MM, Colton K, Arulraja E, Vavilala MS, Laskowitz DT, Mathew JP, Hernandez A, James ML, Raghunathan K, Krishnamoorthy V. Association of Early Dexmedetomidine Utilization With Clinical Outcomes After Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Anesth Analg 2024; 139:366-374. [PMID: 38335145 PMCID: PMC11250935 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an expensive and common public health problem. Management of TBI oftentimes includes sedation to facilitate mechanical ventilation (MV) for airway protection. Dexmedetomidine has emerged as a potential candidate for improved patient outcomes when used for early sedation after TBI due to its potential modulation of autonomic dysfunction. We examined early sedation patterns, as well as the association of dexmedetomidine exposure with clinical and functional outcomes among mechanically ventilated patients with moderate-severe TBI (msTBI) in the United States. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Premier dataset and identified a cohort of critically ill adult patients with msTBI who required MV from January 2016 to June 2020. msTBI was defined by head-neck abbreviated injury scale (AIS) values of 3 (serious), 4 (severe), and 5 (critical). We described early continuous sedative utilization patterns. Using propensity-matched models, we examined the association of early dexmedetomidine exposure (within 2 days of intensive care unit [ICU] admission) with the primary outcome of hospital mortality and the following secondary outcomes: hospital length of stay (LOS), days on MV, vasopressor use after the first 2 days of admission, hemodialysis (HD) after the first 2 days of admission, hospital costs, and discharge disposition. All medications, treatments, and procedures were identified using date-stamped hospital charge codes. RESULTS The study population included 19,751 subjects who required MV within 2 days of ICU admission. The patients were majority male and white. From 2016 to 2020, the annual percent utilization of dexmedetomidine increased from 4.05% to 8.60%. After propensity score matching, early dexmedetomidine exposure was associated with reduced odds of hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47-0.74; P < .0001), increased risk for liberation from MV (hazard ratio [HR], 1.20; 95% CI, 1.09-1.33; P = .0003), and reduced LOS (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01-1.22; P = .033). Exposure to early dexmedetomidine was not associated with odds of HD (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.73-1.78; P = .56), vasopressor utilization (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.78-1.55; P = .60), or increased hospital costs (relative cost ratio, 1.98; 95% CI, 0.93-1.03; P = .66). CONCLUSIONS Dexmedetomidine is being utilized increasingly as a sedative for mechanically ventilated patients with msTBI. Early dexmedetomidine exposure may lead to improved patient outcomes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Yang Liu
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Margot Kelly-Hedrick
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Jordan Komisarow
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Jordan Hatfield
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Tetsu Ohnuma
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Miriam M. Treggiari
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | | | - Evangeline Arulraja
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Monica S. Vavilala
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | | | | | - Karthik Raghunathan
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Vijay Krishnamoorthy
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC
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Sysoev YI, Okovityi SV. Prospects of Electrocorticography in Neuropharmacological Studies in Small Laboratory Animals. Brain Sci 2024; 14:772. [PMID: 39199466 PMCID: PMC11353129 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14080772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological methods of research are widely used in neurobiology. To assess the bioelectrical activity of the brain in small laboratory animals, electrocorticography (ECoG) is most often used, which allows the recording of signals directly from the cerebral cortex. To date, a number of methodological approaches to the manufacture and implantation of ECoG electrodes have been proposed, the complexity of which is determined by experimental tasks and logistical capabilities. Existing methods for analyzing bioelectrical signals are used to assess the functional state of the nervous system in test animals, as well as to identify correlates of pathological changes or pharmacological effects. The review presents current areas of applications of ECoG in neuropharmacological studies in small laboratory animals. Traditionally, this method is actively used to study the antiepileptic activity of new molecules. However, the possibility of using ECoG to assess the neuroprotective activity of drugs in models of traumatic, vascular, metabolic, or neurodegenerative CNS damage remains clearly underestimated. Despite the fact that ECoG has a number of disadvantages and methodological difficulties, the recorded data can be a useful addition to traditional molecular and behavioral research methods. An analysis of the works in recent years indicates a growing interest in the method as a tool for assessing the pharmacological activity of psychoactive drugs, especially in combination with classification and prediction algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy I. Sysoev
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
- Department of Neuroscience, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius Federal Territory 354340, Russia
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Okovityi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Saint Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia;
- N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain, Saint Petersburg 197022, Russia
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Mino T, Nakao S, Kitaura A, Iwamoto T, Kimura S, Nakajima Y, Itoh T, Satou T. Dexmedetomidine Inhibits Hippocampal Neuronal Damage Caused by Persistent Isoflurane-Induced Hypotension in Rat Model of Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Cureus 2024; 16:e61522. [PMID: 38957242 PMCID: PMC11218714 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on hypotension-induced neuronal damage in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) model of rats, an established model of cerebral white matter lesions (WML) in humans, which is prevalent in the elderly and closely related to cognitive decline. Methods The CCH model rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups: normotension + no DEX (NN) group (n = 6), normotension + DEX (ND) group (n = 6), hypotension + no DEX (HN) group (n = 6), or hypotension + DEX (HD) group (n = 6). Under isoflurane anesthesia, mean arterial blood pressure was maintained at or above 80 mmHg (normotension) or below 60 mmHg (hypotension) for a duration of two hours. The DEX groups received 50 μg of DEX intraperitoneally. Two weeks later, the Y-maze test and, after preparing brain slices, immunohistochemical staining were performed using antibodies against neuronal nuclei (NeuN), microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1). Results Behavioral observations showed no significant differences among the groups. Significant reductions of both NeuN-positive cells and the MAP2-positive area were found in the hippocampal CA1 in the HN group compared with NN and ND groups, but not in the HD group. GFAP and Iba-1-positive areas were significantly increased in the HN group, but not in the HD group. Conclusion DEX significantly ameliorated hypotension-induced neuronal damage and both astroglial and microglial activation in the CA1 region of CCH rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Mino
- Anesthesiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, JPN
| | - Shinichi Nakao
- Anesthesiology, Perioperative Management Center, Okanami General Hospital, Mie, JPN
| | - Atsuhiro Kitaura
- Anesthesiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, JPN
| | | | - Seishi Kimura
- Anesthesiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, JPN
| | | | - Tatsuki Itoh
- Food Science and Nutrition, Kindai University Faculty of Agriculture, Osaka, JPN
| | - Takao Satou
- Diagnostic Pathology, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, JPN
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Silva GN, Brandão VG, Perez MV, Sobrinho SL, Villardi JGDCC, Sacramento PMD, Ribeiro LCP, Alvim Fiorelli RK. Immunotherapeutic Properties of Dexmedetomidine on Pain Management and Cardiovascular Function in Videolaparoscopic Cholecystectomies: A Randomized, Two-Arm, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Surg Innov 2024; 31:137-147. [PMID: 38383315 DOI: 10.1177/15533506241234591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopy represented one of the most innovative surgical techniques approached in the surgery field. Dexmedetomidine association with general anesthesia promotes the response control to trauma by altering the neuroinflammatory reflex, provides better clinical outcomes in the postoperative period and reduces the excessive use of drugs with risk for addiction. This trial aims to evaluate the potential drug treatment of dexmedetomidine on organic function, with the targets in neuroinflammation, perioperative pain control and blood pressure measurements in a medium-sized surgical model. METHODS Fifty-two patients were randomized in two groups: Sevoflurane and Dexmedetomidine - A (dexmedetomidine infusion [1 μg/kg loading, .2-.5 μg/kg/h thereafter]) vs Sevoflurane and Saline .9% - B. Three blood samples were collected at three times: before surgery, 4 to 6 hours after surgery and 24 hours postoperatively. The primary outcome was inflammatory and endocrine mediators dosage analisys. Finally, we evaluated pain and opioid use as secondary outcomes, also the hemodynamic values. RESULTS In Dexmedetomidine group A, a reduction of Interleukin 6 was found during 4-6 hours after surgery. A reduction of IL-10 was noted in the measurement of its values 24 hours after the procedure, with statistical significance. Also, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well heart rate were attenuated, and there was a lower incidence of pain and opioid consumption in the first postoperative hour (P < .0001) in the anesthetic recovery room. CONCLUSIONS Dexmedetomidine provided anti-inflammatory activity, sympatholytic effect and analgesia with cardiovascular safety. It reinforces the therapeutic nature of highly selective α2-adrenergic agonists when combined within anesthetic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Nascimento Silva
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Virna Guedes Brandão
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Vaz Perez
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesia, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandoval Lage Sobrinho
- Department of General and Specialized Surgery, Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rossano Kepler Alvim Fiorelli
- Department of General and Specialized Surgery, Gaffrée e Guinle University Hospital, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Liu SY, Kelly-Hedrick M, Temkin N, Barber J, Komisarow J, Hatfield J, Ohnuma T, Manley G, Treggiari MM, Colton K, Vavilala MS, Grandhi R, Laskowitz DT, Mathew JP, Hernandez A, James ML, Raghunathan K, Goldstein B, Krishnamoorthy V. Association of Early Dexmedetomidine Utilization With Clinical and Functional Outcomes Following Moderate-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Transforming Clinical Research and Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury Study. Crit Care Med 2024; 52:607-617. [PMID: 37966330 PMCID: PMC10939970 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000006106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine early sedation patterns, as well as the association of dexmedetomidine exposure, with clinical and functional outcomes among mechanically ventilated patients with moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI). DESIGN Retrospective cohort study with prospectively collected data. SETTING Eighteen Level-1 Trauma Centers, United States. PATIENTS Adult (age > 17) patients with msTBI (as defined by Glasgow Coma Scale < 13) who required mechanical ventilation from the Transforming Clinical Research and Knowledge in TBI (TRACK-TBI) study. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Using propensity-weighted models, we examined the association of early dexmedetomidine exposure (within the first 5 d of ICU admission) with the primary outcome of 6-month Glasgow Outcomes Scale Extended (GOS-E) and the following secondary outcomes: length of hospital stay, hospital mortality, 6-month Disability Rating Scale (DRS), and 6-month mortality. The study population included 352 subjects who required mechanical ventilation within 24 hours of admission. The initial sedative medication was propofol for 240 patients (68%), midazolam for 59 patients (17%), ketamine for 6 patients (2%), dexmedetomidine for 3 patients (1%), and 43 patients (12%) never received continuous sedation. Early dexmedetomidine was administered in 77 of the patients (22%), usually as a second-line agent. Compared with unexposed patients, early dexmedetomidine exposure was not associated with better 6-month GOS-E (weighted odds ratio [OR] = 1.48; 95% CI, 0.98-2.25). Early dexmedetomidine exposure was associated with lower DRS (weighted OR = -3.04; 95% CI, -5.88 to -0.21). In patients requiring ICP monitoring within the first 24 hours of admission, early dexmedetomidine exposure was associated with higher 6-month GOS-E score (OR 2.17; 95% CI, 1.24-3.80), lower DRS score (adjusted mean difference, -5.81; 95% CI, -9.38 to 2.25), and reduced length of hospital stay (hazard ratio = 1.50; 95% CI, 1.02-2.20). CONCLUSION Variation exists in early sedation choice among mechanically ventilated patients with msTBI. Early dexmedetomidine exposure was not associated with improved 6-month functional outcomes in the entire population, although may have clinical benefit in patients with indications for ICP monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Yang Liu
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Margot Kelly-Hedrick
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Nancy Temkin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington. Seattle, WA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington. Seattle, WA
| | - Jason Barber
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington. Seattle, WA
| | | | - Jordan Hatfield
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Tetsu Ohnuma
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University. Durham, NC
| | - Geoffrey Manley
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Miriam M. Treggiari
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University. Durham, NC
| | | | - Monica S. Vavilala
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington. Seattle, WA
| | - Ramesh Grandhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Daniel T. Laskowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University. Durham, NC
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University. Durham, NC
- Department Neurology, Duke University. Durham, NC
| | | | | | - Michael L. James
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University. Durham, NC
- Department Neurology, Duke University. Durham, NC
| | - Karthik Raghunathan
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University. Durham, NC
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University. Durham, NC
| | - Ben Goldstein
- Departments of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University. Durham, NC
| | - Vijay Krishnamoorthy
- Critical Care and Perioperative Population Health Research (CAPER) Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University. Durham, NC
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University. Durham, NC
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Terriaca S, Ferlosio A, Scioli MG, Coppa F, Bertoldo F, Pisano C, Belmonte B, Balistreri CR, Orlandi A. miRNA Regulation of Cell Phenotype and Parietal Remodeling in Atherosclerotic and Non-Atherosclerotic Aortic Aneurysms: Differences and Similarities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2641. [PMID: 38473887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms are a serious health concern as their rupture leads to high morbidity and mortality. Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) exhibit differences and similarities in their pathophysiological and pathogenetic features. AAA is a multifactorial disease, mainly associated with atherosclerosis, characterized by a relevant inflammatory response and calcification. TAA is rarely associated with atherosclerosis and in some cases is associated with genetic mutations such as Marfan syndrome (MFS) and bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). MFS-related and non-genetic or sporadic TAA share aortic degeneration with endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (End-Mt) and fibrosis, whereas in BAV TAA, aortic degeneration with calcification prevails. microRNA (miRNAs) contribute to the regulation of aneurysmatic aortic remodeling. miRNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs, which post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. In this review, we report the involvement of deregulated miRNAs in the different aortic remodeling characterizing AAAs and TAAs. In AAA, miRNA deregulation appears to be involved in parietal inflammatory response, smooth muscle cell (SMC) apoptosis and aortic wall calcification. In sporadic and MFS-related TAA, miRNA deregulation promotes End-Mt, SMC myofibroblastic phenotypic switching and fibrosis with glycosaminoglycan accumulation. In BAV TAA, miRNA deregulation sustains aortic calcification. Those differences may support the development of more personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Terriaca
- Anatomic Pathology, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Amedeo Ferlosio
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Scioli
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Coppa
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Bertoldo
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Calogera Pisano
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Azienda sanitaria Provinciale di Catania (ASP), 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Cellular and Molecular Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
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10
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Jäger MC, Kędzierski J, Gell V, Wey T, Kollár J, Winter DV, Schuster D, Smieško M, Odermatt A. Virtual screening and biological evaluation to identify pharmaceuticals potentially causing hypertension and hypokalemia by inhibiting steroid 11β-hydroxylase. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 475:116638. [PMID: 37499767 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Several drugs were found after their market approval to unexpectedly inhibit adrenal 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1)-dependent cortisol synthesis. Known side-effects of CYP11B1 inhibition include hypertension and hypokalemia, due to a feedback activation of adrenal steroidogenesis, leading to supraphysiological concentrations of 11-deoxycortisol and 11-deoxycorticosterone that can activate the mineralocorticoid receptor. This results in potassium excretion and sodium and water retention, ultimately causing hypertension. With the risk known but usually not addressed in preclinical evaluation, this study aimed to identify drugs and drug candidates inhibiting CYP11B1. Two conceptually different virtual screening methods were combined, a pharmacophore based and an induced fit docking approach. Cell-free and cell-based CYP11B1 activity measurements revealed several inhibitors with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. Inhibitors include retinoic acid metabolism blocking agents (RAMBAs), azole antifungals, α2-adrenoceptor ligands, and a farnesyltransferase inhibitor. The active compounds share a nitrogen atom embedded in an aromatic ring system. Structure activity analysis identified the free electron pair of the nitrogen atom as a prerequisite for the drug-enzyme interaction, with its pKa value as an indicator of inhibitory potency. Another important parameter is drug lipophilicity, exemplified by etomidate. Changing its ethyl ester moiety to a more hydrophilic carboxylic acid group dramatically decreased the inhibitory potential, most likely due to less efficient cellular uptake. The presented work successfully combined different in silico and in vitro methods to identify several previously unknown CYP11B1 inhibitors. This workflow facilitates the identification of compounds that inhibit CYP11B1 and therefore pose a risk for inducing hypertension and hypokalemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christin Jäger
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jacek Kędzierski
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Computational Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Victoria Gell
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Computational Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Tim Wey
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jakub Kollár
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Denise V Winter
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Martin Smieško
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Computational Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 64, 4055 Basel, Switzerland; Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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11
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Silva GN, Brandão VG, Perez MV, Levandrowski KU, Fiorelli RKA. Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Immunomodulation and Pain Control in Videolaparoscopic Cholecystectomies: A Randomized, Two-Arm, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13040622. [PMID: 37109010 PMCID: PMC10141731 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13040622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Digital and robotic technology applications in laparoscopic surgery have revolutionized routine cholecystectomy. Insufflation of the peritoneal space is vital for its safety but comes at the cost of aseptic ischemia-reperfusion-induced intraabdominal organ compromise before the return of physiologic functions. Dexmedetomidine in general anesthesia promotes controlling the response to trauma by altering the neuroinflammatory reflex. This strategy may improve clinical outcomes in the postoperative period by reducing postoperative narcotic use and lowering the risk of subsequent addiction. In this study, the authors aimed to evaluate dexmedetomidine’s therapeutic and immunomodulatory potential on perioperative organ function. Methods: Fifty-two patients were randomized 1:1: group A—sevoflurane and dexmedetomidine (dexmedetomidine infusion [1 µg/kg loading, 0.2–0.5 µg/kg/h maintenance dose]), and group B—sevoflurane with saline 0.9% infusion as a placebo control. Three blood samples were collected: preoperatively (T0 h), 4–6 h after surgery (T4–6 h), and 24 h postoperatively (T24 h). The primary outcome was the level analysis of inflammatory and endocrine medications. Secondary outcome measures were the time to return to normal preoperative hemodynamic parameters, spontaneous ventilation, and postoperative narcotic requirements to control surgical pain. Results: A reduction of Interleukin 6 was found at 4–6 h after surgery in group A with a mean of 54.76 (27.15–82.37; CI 95%) vs. 97.43 (53.63–141.22); p = 0.0425) in group B patients. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were lower in group A patients, who also had a statistically significantly lower opioid consumption in the first postoperative hour when compared to group B patients (p < 0.0001). We noticed a similar return to spontaneous ventilation pattern in both groups. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine decreased interleukin-6 4–6 h after surgery, likely by providing a sympatholytic effect. It provides good perioperative analgesia without respiratory depression. Implementing dexmedetomidine during laparoscopic cholecystectomy has a good safety profile and may lower healthcare expenditure due to faster postoperative recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Nascimento Silva
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gaffrée e Guinle Universitary Hospital, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, RJ, Brazil
| | - Virna Guedes Brandão
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gaffrée e Guinle Universitary Hospital, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Vaz Perez
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesia, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04021-001, SP, Brazil
| | - Kai-Uwe Levandrowski
- Center for Advanced Spine Care of Southern Arizona and Surgical Institute of Tucson, Tucson, AZ 85712, USA
- Department of Orthopedics at Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20270-004, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rossano Kepler Alvim Fiorelli
- Department of General and Specialized Surgery, Gaffrée e Guinle Universitary Hospital, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 22290-240, RJ, Brazil
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12
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Hashiya M, Okubo Y, Kato T. Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Brain and Inflammatory Outcomes In Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2023; 37:1013-1020. [PMID: 36907706 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dexmedetomidine use decreases adverse neurocognitive outcomes in adults undergoing cardiovascular surgery, but its effect has been unclear in children with congenital heart disease. METHODS The authors conducted a systematic review using the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared intravenous dexmedetomidine with normal saline during pediatric cardiac surgery under anesthesia. Published randomized controlled trials that evaluated children aged <18 years who underwent congenital heart surgery were included. Nonrandomized trials, observational studies, case series and case reports, editorials, reviews, and conference papers were excluded. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane revised tool for assessing risk-of-bias in randomized trials. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate the effects of intravenous dexmedetomidine on brain markers (neuron-specific enolase [NSE], S-100β protein) and inflammatory markers (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, nuclear factor kappa-B [NF-κB]) during and after cardiac surgery, using random-effect models for standardized mean difference (SMD). RESULTS Seven RCTs involving 579 children were eligible for the following meta-analyses. Most children underwent cardiac surgery for atrial or ventricular septum defects. Pooled analyses (5 treatment groups in 3 RCTs with 260 children) showed that dexmedetomidine use was associated with reduced serum levels of NSE (pooled SMD, -0.54; 95% CI, -0.96 to -0.12) and S-100β (pooled SMD, -0.85; 95% CI, -1.67 to -0.04) within 24 hours after the surgery. Also, dexmedetomidine use was associated with reduced levels of interleukin-6 (pooled SMD, -1.55; 95% CI, -2.82 to -0.27; 4 treatment groups in 2 RCTs with 190 children). In contrast, the authors observed similar levels of TNF-α (pooled SMD, -0.07; 95% CI, -0.33 to 0.19; 4 treatment groups in 2 RCTs with 190 children) and NF-κB (pooled SMD, -0.27; 95% CI, -0.62 to 0.09; 2 treatment groups in 1 RCT with 90 children) between the dexmedetomidine and control groups. CONCLUSIONS The authors' findings support the effect of dexmedetomidine on reductions in brain markers among children who undergo cardiac surgery. Further studies would be needed to elucidate its clinically meaningful effects using cognitive functions in the long term, and its effects among children who undergo more complex cardiac surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Hashiya
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okubo
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tsuguhiko Kato
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Dexmedetomidine Protects against Airway Inflammation and Airway Remodeling in a Murine Model of Chronic Asthma through TLR4/NF- κB Signaling Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:3695469. [PMID: 36846195 PMCID: PMC9946744 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3695469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common respiratory disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a highly selective α2 adrenergic receptor agonist, has been shown to participate in regulating inflammatory states and thus exert organ protective actions. However, the potential of DEX in asthma is still unknown. This study is aimed at investigating the role of DEX in a mouse model of house dust mite- (HDM-) induced asthma and exploring its underlying mechanism. Here, we found that DEX treatment significantly ameliorated airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, and airway remodeling in the asthmatic mice, which were similar to the efficacy of the reference anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone. In addition, DEX reversed the increased expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its downstream signaling adaptor molecule nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the lung tissue of asthmatic mice. Furthermore, these protective effects of DEX were abolished by yohimbine, an α2 adrenergic receptor antagonist. These results indicate that DEX is capable of ameliorating airway inflammation and remodeling in asthmatic mice, and this protective effect is associated with the inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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14
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Cong D, Yu Y, Meng Y, Qi X. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) exerts protective effects on rat neuronal cells injured by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion via regulating the Sphk1/S1P signaling pathway. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:106896. [PMID: 36395661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the influence of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-injured rat neuronal cells by regulating the Sphk1/S1P pathway. METHODS The rats were divided into the following groups, with 18 rats in each group categorized on the basis of random number tables: sham (Sham), I/R (I/R), Dex, Sphk1 inhibitor (PF-543), and Dex together with the Sphk1 agonist phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (Dex+PMA). The neurological functions of the rats were assessed by the Longa scoring system at 24 h post reperfusion. The area of brain infarction was inspected using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and the water content of brain tissue was determined by the dry-wet weight method. The morphology of neurons in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus was inspected using Nissl staining, while the apoptosis of neurons in this region was detected by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling staining. The Sphk1 and S1P protein levels were determined by immunofluorescence and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS Compared to the I/R group, rats in the Dex, PF-543, and Dex+PMA groups had a significantly lower neurological function score, as well as lower brain water content and a decreased infarction area. Moreover, the apoptotic index of the neurons and the Sphk1 and S1P levels in the hippocampal CA1 region were significantly lower in these groups (p<0.05). PMA, an agonist of Sphk1, was able to reverse the protective effects of Dex on I/R-induced neuronal cell injury. CONCLUSION Dex could protect cerebral I/R-induced neuronal cell injury by suppressing the Sphk1/S1P signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Cong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, China
| | - Yunlong Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yantai Harbour Hospital, Yantai 264000, China.
| | - Yan Meng
- Yantai Comprehensive Health Service Center, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Xia Qi
- Yantai Comprehensive Health Service Center, Yantai 264000, China
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Wang X, Li YR, Shi Y, Li X, Luo J, Zhang Y, Qi B, Wu F, Sun Y, Pan Z, Tian J. Dexmedetomidine ameliorates liver injury and maintains liver function in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy: a retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1108559. [PMID: 37152009 PMCID: PMC10160666 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1108559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although dexmedetomidine (DEX) is widely used during the perioperative period in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), its clinical effects on liver function and postoperative inflammation are unclear. This study aimed to explore effects of DEX on postoperative liver function and inflammation in patients with HCC after hepatectomy. Methods A retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching was performed. A total of 494 patients who underwent hepatectomy from June 2019 to July 2020 and fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included in this study. Baseline data, liver function indexes and inflammation-related biomarkers were collected and compared between the two groups. Survival analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of DEX on the overall survival (OS) of patients. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to minimize bias between the two groups. Results The study cohort comprised 189 patients in the DEX-free group and 305 patients in the DEX group. Patients in the DEX group had lower levels of alanine transaminase (ALT, P = 0.018) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, P = 0.046) and higher level of serum albumin (ALB, P < 0.001) than patients in the DEX-free group before discharge. A total of 107 pairs of patients were successfully matched by PSM. Results consistently suggested that ALT and LDH levels were significantly lower (P = 0.044 and P = 0.046, respectively) and ALB levels were significantly higher (P = 0.002) in the DEX group than in the DEX-free group in the early postoperative period. No significant differences of inflammation-related biomarkers were observed between two groups after PSM. Neither the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis nor the multiple Cox regression survival analysis identified DEX as a contributing factor that would affect the OS of patients after PSM. Conclusion DEX exerts protective effects on liver function while has little effects on inflammation-related biomarkers in the early postoperative period in patients undergoing hepatectomy due to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-ran Li
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumiao Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamei Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feixiang Wu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuming Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiying Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Tian, ; Zhiying Pan,
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Tian, ; Zhiying Pan,
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Zeng L, Liu J, Zhang T, Liu Y, Liao L, Chen X, Dong S. Study on the protective mechanism of dexmedetomidine on the liver of perioperative diabetic patients: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30899. [PMID: 36254014 PMCID: PMC9575753 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several studies have reported that dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist that protects liver function in perioperative patients by inhibiting oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory response, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have not been included in the previous studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of perioperative low-dose dexmedetomidine on perioperative liver function in T2DM patients. METHODS This was a single-center, placebo-controlled randomized trial. Fifty-four T2DM patients scheduled for debridement of lower extremity ulcers were included in this study and randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 27 per group): the dexmedetomidine group (DEX group) and the control group (CON group). Continuous intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine (DEX group) or normal saline (CON group) was administered from the completion of monitoring to the end of surgery. All participants received femoral and sciatic nerve block with 0.33% ropivacaine. The main result was the activity of liver enzymes (AST, ALT) reflecting liver function. The secondary results included variables reflecting blood glucose (Glu), blood lipids (TG, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol), biomarkers of OS (MDA, SOD), and systemic inflammatory response (TNF-α, IL-6). RESULTS Compared with CON group, DEX group exhibited a reduction in hemodynamic parameters, Glu, systemic inflammatory response, and liver injury indicators. OS response MDA activity was lower in DEX group than in CON group, while SOD was higher than that in CON group. The variables reflecting lipid metabolism function showed no differences between the groups. CONCLUSION SUBSECTIONS Dexmedetomidine administered perioperatively can reduce Glu levels and protect the liver by attenuating OS injury and inflammatory response in T2DM patients without any potential risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zeng
- Shifang People’s Hospital, Shifang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianyao Zhang
- Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yusong Liu
- Shifang People’s Hospital, Shifang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lumiu Liao
- Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelian Chen
- Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuhua Dong
- Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- * Correspondence: Shuhua Dong, Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China (e-mail: dong. )
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Hu Y, Zhou H, Zhang H, Sui Y, Zhang Z, Zou Y, Li K, Zhao Y, Xie J, Zhang L. The neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine and its mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:965661. [PMID: 36204225 PMCID: PMC9531148 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.965661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a highly selective α2 receptor agonist that is routinely used in the clinic for sedation and anesthesia. Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that DEX has a protective effect against brain injury caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), cerebral ischemia and ischemia–reperfusion (I/R), suggesting its potential as a neuroprotective agent. Here, we summarized the neuroprotective effects of DEX in several models of neurological damage and examined its mechanism based on the current literature. Ultimately, we found that the neuroprotective effect of DEX mainly involved inhibition of inflammatory reactions, reduction of apoptosis and autophagy, and protection of the blood–brain barrier and enhancement of stable cell structures in five way. Therefore, DEX can provide a crucial advantage in neurological recovery for patients with brain injury. The purpose of this study was to further clarify the neuroprotective mechanisms of DEX therefore suggesting its potential in the clinical management of the neurological injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Hu
- Neurology Department, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
- Graduate School, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Neurology Department, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Huanxin Zhang
- Neurology Department, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Yunlong Sui
- Neurology Department, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Neurology Department, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Yuntao Zou
- Neurology Department, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Kunquan Li
- Neurology Department, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Yunyi Zhao
- Neurology Department, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Jiangbo Xie
- Neurology Department, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Lunzhong Zhang
- Neurology Department, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Lunzhong Zhang,
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Yu H, Kang H, Fan J, Cao G, Liu B. Influence of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2665. [PMID: 35810480 PMCID: PMC9392542 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is suggested to be neuroprotective. However, influence of Dex on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in the elderly remains unknown. METHODS We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effect of Dex on POCD. Relevant studies were obtained by search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane's Library databases. A random-effect model was used to pool the results. RESULTS Fourteen RCTs including 1626 adults of 60 years or older who received surgery with general anesthesia were included. Because methodologically diverse scales were used for POCD, eight RCTs with POCD diagnosed with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were included in the meta-analysis, while the remaining six RCTs with POCD diagnosed with other scales were qualitative synthesized. Pooled results of RCTs with MMSE showed that Dex significantly reduced the incidence of POCD (risk ratio: 0.47, 95% confidence interval: 0.37-0.60, p < 0.001) with no significant heterogeneity (I2 = 0%) or publication bias (p for Egger's regression test = 0.579). For the remaining six RCTs with POCD diagnosed with other scales, three of them showed that Dex was associated with a significantly lower incidence of POCD, while the other three RCTs did not show a significant difference. CONCLUSIONS Dex is associated with a reduced risk of POCD in elderly patients receiving surgeries with general anesthesia, and the results were mainly obtained in studies with POCD diagnosed with MMSE. Based on these findings, Dex may be considered as a preventative measure for POCD in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hui Kang
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jingxiu Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ge Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of AnesthesiologyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Zhu Y, Pang G, Lu B, Jiang L, Rao C, Tong S. Anesthetic Effect of Dexmedetomidine in Clinical Functional Neurosurgery. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:6000388. [PMID: 35655919 PMCID: PMC9155914 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6000388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective and efficient α2-adrenoceptor agonist with good antianxiety, analgesic, hypnotic, and sedative effects without causing respiratory depression. Aim To investigate the anesthetic effect of dexmedetomidine in clinical neurosurgery. Methods A total of 94 patients who received functional neurosurgical treatment in our hospital from March 2019 to October 2020 were selected and divided into the study and control groups. Routine anesthesia was adopted in the control group, while dexmedetomidine was used in the study group. Perioperative hemodynamic indicators such as mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation, cognitive function score, pain score VAS, stress response index level, and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results Before surgery (T0), no significant differences in MAP, HR, and SpO2 were observed between the two groups. However, at the beginning of the operation (T1), 30 min after the operation (T2), and immediately after the operation (T3), these indicators in the study group were significantly higher than in the control group. The postoperative MMSE of the study group 3 d later was significantly higher than that of the control group. The VAS scores after the operation of the study group were lower than those of the control group. The serum cortisol (COR) and aldosterone (ALD) levels in the study group were not significantly different from those in the control group before surgery. The levels of each index in the two groups were higher than those before and 24 h after surgery. The incidence rate of adverse reactions in the study group was lower. Conclusion The application of dexmedetomidine in clinical functional neurosurgery is safe and can maintain hemodynamic stability and reduce the degree of stress response, cognitive impairment, and pain caused by invasive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmao Zhu
- Department of Pain, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, China 402260
| | - Gang Pang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, China 402260
| | - Bing Lu
- Department of Pain, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, China 402260
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, China 402260
| | - Chuanhua Rao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, China 402260
| | - Shanshan Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangjin Central Hospital of Chongqing, 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing, China 402260
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Narimatsu E, Kakizaki R, Nomura K, Sawamoto K, Takahashi K, Uemura S, Ishiguro M. Dexmedetomidine improves excessive extracellular glutamate-induced synaptic depression (BRAINRES-D-21-00941). Brain Res 2022; 1789:147949. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Guan X, Zhou W, Li L, Peng Q. Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage in Neonatal Rats Through Reducing MicroRNA-134-5p-Mediated NLRX1 Downregulation. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2022.106411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Shi M, Chen J, Liu T, Dai W, Zhou Z, Chen L, Xie Y. Protective Effects of Remimazolam on Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Inhibiting of NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent Pyroptosis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:413-423. [PMID: 35210755 PMCID: PMC8863189 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s344240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Remimazolam is a novel benzodiazepine γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAa) receptor agonist used for sedation and the induction as well as maintenance of general anesthesia. Previous research proved that anesthetic agents acting on GABAa receptor, such as thiopentone, propofol and midazolam, have protective actions for cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We here probed into remimazolam for its protective effect and potential mechanism of action against cerebral I/R injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS A rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with focal transient cerebral I/R injury was established and was given tail vein injection of gradient remimazolam (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) after 2 h of ischemia. Following 24 h of reperfusion, neurological function, brain infarct volume, morphology of cerebral cortical neurons, and expressions of corticocerebral NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β and IL-18 were evaluated. RESULTS The results showed that remimazolam could effectively improve the neurological dysfunction, reduce the infarct volume and alleviate the damage of cortical neurons after I/R injury. Notably, the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway was down-regulated, suggesting that remimazolam exerted protective actions on I/R injury by suppressing pyroptosis with decreased expression and release of inflammatory factors, and the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway might be the core during that process. Overall, our results indicate that NLRP3 inflammation is a promising target. CONCLUSION Based on this mechanism, remimazolam may be one of the ideal anesthetic drugs for patients with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxiao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixin Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubo Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, People's Republic of China
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An P, Zhao XC, Liu MJ, You YQ, Li JY, Gong HS. Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Induced Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Mice Through the Inhibition of TRPV4 Opening. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:852401. [PMID: 35431940 PMCID: PMC9012538 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.852401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-stroke anxiety severely affects recovery in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Dexmedetomidine (Dex), a highly selective alpha 2 adrenal receptor (α2-AR) agonist, was recently found to exert an excellent protective effect against mental disorders including anxiety. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channel is involved in a series of diseases such as asthma, cancer, anxiety, and cardiac hypertrophy. This study examines whether Dex improved ICH-induced anxiety via the inhibition of TRPV4 channel opening. A rodent model of moderate ICH in the basal ganglia was established using autologous blood injection (20 μl). Mice were treated with Dex (25 μg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) every day for 3 days post-ICH. GSK1016790A (1 μmol/2 μl), an agonist of TRPV4, was administered via the left lateral ventricle. Thirty days post-ICH, post-stroke anxiety was evaluated by elevated plus-maze and open-field tests. Following behavioral tests, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), astrocytic activation, and A1-and A2-type astrocytes were determined. Primary astrocytes were exposed to hemin to simulate ICH in vitro. Compared with sham-treated mice, Dex administration ameliorates ICH-induced decreases of distance and time in the open-arm, reduces distance and time in the central zone, increases astrocytic activation and A1-type astrocytes, elevates MDA content, downregulates total SOD contents, and decreases A2-type astrocytes. However, GSK1016790A partially reversed the neuroprotective effects of Dex. In addition, Dex significantly inhibited hemin-induced astrocytic activation in vitro. Dex improves ICH-induced anxiety-like behaviors in mice, and the mechanism might be associated with the inhibition of TRPV4-channel opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping An
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Life Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Chun Zhao,
| | - Man-Jia Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Qing You
- Department of Anesthesiology, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-Ya Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - He-Song Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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He H, Sun M, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Qie W, Tu W. Dexmedetomidine alleviates the hypoxic-ischemic brain damage via miR-20a-5p/methionine adenosyltransferase 2B axis in rat pups. Neuroreport 2022; 33:205-214. [PMID: 35287147 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been demonstrated in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) animal models, the mechanism of which will be the foothold in this work. METHODS After establishment of HIBD rat model, the rats were treated with DEX, miR-20a-5p agomir and adenoviral methionine adenosyltransferase 2B (MAT2B) overexpression vector, and then their brain tissues were harvested. The infarction volume and pathological changes of these brain tissues were measured using the triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC), Nissl and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stainings. The levels of miR-20a-5p, Bcl-2, Bax and MAT2B in these brain tissues were detected by Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR) and western blot. The binding sites of MAT2B and miR-20a-5p were predicted using the TargetScan and verified using the dual-luciferase reporter assay. The memory deficits and spatial learning of rat pups were assessed by Morris water maze test. RESULTS MiR-20a-5p expression was upregulated, while MAT2B expression was downregulated in rats with HIBD. MAT2B was targeted by miR-20a-5p. DEX treatment improved the neurons and hippocampal tissue damage and decreased miR-20a-5p level in brain tissues of rats with HIBD. MiR-20a-5p overexpression overturned the protective effect of DEX on brain tissues and learning and memory abilities in rats with HIBD. Moreover, DEX promoted Bcl-2 level while inhibiting Bax level in HIBD rats' brain tissues. Besides, overexpressed MAT2B reversed the effect of overexpressed miR-20a-5p on the levels of MAT2B, Bcl-2 and Bax, brain tissue damage, as well as the learning and memory abilities in rats with HIBD. CONCLUSION DEX alleviated HIBD via the miR-20a-5p/MAT2B axis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Department of Anesthesiology, Southern Theater General Hospital of PLA
| | - Mei Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southern Theater General Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southern Theater General Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southern Theater General Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenbin Qie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southern Theater General Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weifeng Tu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Southern Theater General Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
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Chen L, Tang T, Zheng X, Xiong Y. Protective Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Hippocampal Neurons in Rats Anesthetized with Sevoflurane. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.2866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To explore effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on cognitive function and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in rats anesthetized with sevoflurane (Sevo), and regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its downstream signaling. 30 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided
into control group inhaled 29% concentration oxygen), Sevo group (2 L/min oxygen flow +1.5% Sevo), Dex+Sevo group (after injection of 20 μg/kg Dex, treated with 2L/min oxygen flow+1.5% Sevo). Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Nissl’s staining were adopted to detect morphological
and functional changes in hippocampus of rats. Apoptosis was detected by immunofluorescence, BDNF expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was conducted to detect mRNA expression of key proteins in downstream signaling of BDNF. The results showed
that Sevo induced apoptosis of hippocampus neurons, while Dex improved Sevo induced apoptosis. In contrast to the control, the positive expression of BDNF in hippocampus of Sevo group was notably decreased (P < 0.05), and that of Dex+Sevo group was notably higher in contrast to Sevo
group (P < 0.05). Signaling pathways of MAPK, PI3K-Akt, and Ras were predicted by String software as the downstream pathways of BDNF. RT-PCR results showed that these 3 signaling pathways were involved in Dex improving Sevo-induced cognitive impairment and hippocampal neuron apoptosis.
In conclusion, Dex could improve cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal neuron apoptosis in rats induced by Sevo, and the mechanism was related to upregulation of BDNF expression and activation of pathways of MAPK, PI3K-Akt, and Ras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dalian Youyi Hospital, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dalian Youyi Hospital, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116027, China
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Lyu X, Tao Y, Dang X. Efficacy and Safety of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine vs. Oral Chloral Hydrate for Sedation in Children Undergoing Computed Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Meta-Analysis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:872900. [PMID: 35433538 PMCID: PMC9008694 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.872900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the sedative efficacy and safety of intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine (DEX) compared with oral chloral hydrate for Computed tomography (CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) examination in Children. METHODS Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and China WanFang Databases were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating intranasal DEX (test group) vs. oral chloral hydrate (control group) in pediatric CT/MRI examinations up to December 30, 2021. The data were analyzed using Stata 15.0 software. RESULTS Seven RCTs with 1,846 children were identified. The meta-analysis results showed that the success rate of sedation (RR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03-1.26, P = 0.011), sedation onset time [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -0.87, 95% CI: -1.42 to -0.31, P = 0.002], sedation duration (WMD = -9.05, 95% CI:-14.69 to -3.42, P = 0.002), time to awakening (WMD = -9.75, 95% CI:-17.57 to -1.94, P = 0.014), and incidence of nausea and vomiting [relative risk (RR) = 0.09, 95% CI:0.04-0.23, P < 0.001) of the test group were significantly better than those of the control group. However, no significant differences were identified in incidence of hypotension (RR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.51-2.74) and bradycardia (RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.13-22.11) between the two groups. CONCLUSION Intranasal administration of DEX is superior to oral chloral hydrate for sedation during pediatric CT/MRI examinations and has a better safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Lyu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Sanya Women and Children's Hospital Managed by Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Sanya, China
| | - Yujuan Tao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Sanya Women and Children's Hospital Managed by Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Sanya, China
| | - Xiujing Dang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Baserga M, DuPont TL, Ostrander B, Minton S, Sheffield M, Balch AH, Bahr TM, Watt KM. Dexmedetomidine Use in Infants Undergoing Cooling Due to Neonatal Encephalopathy (DICE Trial): A Randomized Controlled Trial: Background, Aims and Study Protocol. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2021; 2:770511. [PMID: 35295519 PMCID: PMC8915736 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.770511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy (HIE) is the leading cause of neonatal death and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes worldwide. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH), while beneficial, still leaves many HIE treated infants with lifelong disabilities. Furthermore, infants undergoing TH often require treatment for pain and agitation which may lead to further brain injury. For instance, morphine use in animal models has been shown to induce neuronal apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine is a potent α2-adrenergic receptor agonist that may be a better alternative to morphine for newborns with HIE treated with TH. Dexmedetomidine provides sedation, analgesia, and prevents shivering but does not suppress ventilation. Importantly, there is increasing evidence that dexmedetomidine has neuroprotective properties. Even though there are limited data on pharmacokinetics (PK), safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine in infants with HIE, it has been increasingly administered in many centers. Objectives: To review the current approach to treatment of pain, sedation and shivering in infants with HIE undergoing TH, and to describe a new phase II safety and pharmacokinetics randomized controlled trial that proposes the use of dexmedetomidine vs. morphine in this population. Methods: This article presents an overview of the current management of pain and sedation in critically ill infants diagnosed with HIE and undergoing TH for 72 h. The article describes the design and methodology of a randomized, controlled, unmasked multicenter trial of dexmedetomidine vs. morphine administration enrolling 50 (25 per arm) neonates ≥36 weeks of gestation with moderate or severe HIE undergoing TH and that require pain/sedation treatment. Results and Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine may be a better alternative to morphine for the treatment of pain and sedation in newborns with HIE treated with TH. There is increasing evidence that dexmedetomidine has neuroprotective properties in several preclinical studies of injury models including ischemia-reperfusion, inflammation, and traumatic brain injury as well as adult clinical trials of brain trauma. The Dexmedetomidine Use in Infants undergoing Cooling due to Neonatal Encephalopathy (DICE) trial will evaluate whether administration of dexmedetomidine vs. morphine is safe, establish dexmedetomidine optimal dosing by collecting opportunistic PK data, and obtain preliminary neurodevelopmental data to inform a large Phase III efficacy trial with long term neurodevelopment impairment as the primary outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Baserga
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Mariana Baserga
| | - Tara L. DuPont
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Betsy Ostrander
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | | | - Alfred H. Balch
- Division of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | - Kevin M. Watt
- Division of Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology and Division of Critical Care, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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Chen R, Kang Z, Wang Y, Zhao J, Li S. The Anti-inflammatory Effect of Dexmedetomidine Administration on Patients Undergoing Intestinal Surgery: A Randomized Study. Drugs R D 2021; 21:445-453. [PMID: 34750767 PMCID: PMC8602546 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-021-00368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α2-adrenergic receptor agonist with sedative, analgesic, anti-sympathetic and stress-reducing effects. It has been widely used as an adjunct for general anesthesia of multiple surgeries. However, the relationship between the utilization of dexmedetomidine in intestinal surgery and the postoperative inflammatory response of patients remains unclear. METHODS A randomized, controlled, single-blinded clinical trial was performed. Eighty-six patients assigned for intestinal surgery were recruited and were randomly divided into two groups (dexmedetomidine group, n = 40; control group, n = 40) [six participants were excluded due to multiple reasons, such as allergy and drug use history]. The clinical characteristics and physiological outcomes of participants who received different treatments (dexmedetomidine and 0.9% sodium chloride) were collected and analyzed. Blood samples of the two groups were collected before administration (T0), 10 min after pumping dexmedetomidine/saline solution (T1), immediately after the operation started (T2), 30 min after the operation started (T3), and immediately after the operation ended (T4). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to evaluate the proinflammatory factors. RESULTS Intravenous injection of dexmedetomidine before intestinal surgery decreased a variety of circulating proinflammatory factors. Dexmedetomidine alleviated the stress response and promoted the recovery of cognitive ability among patients undergoing intestinal surgery. CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine administration in patients undergoing intestinal surgery inhibited the surgery-induced inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushuang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenming Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
| | - Yaduan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Shunyuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
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Kiryachkov YY, Bosenko SA, Muslimov BG, Petrova MV. Dysfunction of the Autonomic Nervous System and its Role in the Pathogenesis of Septic Critical Illness (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021; 12:106-116. [PMID: 34795998 PMCID: PMC8596275 DOI: 10.17691/stm2020.12.4.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) of the brain in sepsis can cause severe systemic inflammation and even death. Numerous data confirmed the role of ANS dysfunction in the occurrence, course, and outcome of systemic sepsis. The parasympathetic part of the ANS modifies the inflammation through cholinergic receptors of internal organs, macrophages, and lymphocytes (the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway). The sympathetic part of ANS controls the activity of macrophages and lymphocytes by influencing β2-adrenergic receptors, causing the activation of intracellular genes encoding the synthesis of cytokines (anti-inflammatory beta2-adrenergic receptor interleukin-10 pathway, β2AR–IL-10). The interaction of ANS with infectious agents and the immune system ensures the maintenance of homeostasis or the appearance of a critical generalized infection. During inflammation, the ANS participates in the inflammatory response by releasing sympathetic or parasympathetic neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. It is extremely important to determine the functional state of the ANS in critical conditions, since both cholinergic and sympathomimetic agents can act as either anti- or pro-inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Kiryachkov
- Head of the Department of Surgical and Resuscitation Technologies; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25, Bldg 2, Petrovka St., Moscow, 107031, Russia
| | - S A Bosenko
- Anesthesiologist; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25, Bldg 2, Petrovka St., Moscow, 107031, Russia
| | - B G Muslimov
- Deputy Chief Physician for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care; Konchalovsky Central City Hospital, 2, Bldg 1, Kashtanovaya Alley, Zelenograd, Moscow, 124489, Russia
| | - M V Petrova
- Professor, Deputy Director Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, 25, Bldg 2, Petrovka St., Moscow, 107031, Russia
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Wang J, Wang Y. Circular RNA cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 antisense RNA (Circ-CDR1as) downregulation induced by dexmedetomidine treatment protects hippocampal neurons against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury through the microRNA-28-3p (miR-28-3p)/tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-3 (TRAF3) axis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:10512-10524. [PMID: 34787053 PMCID: PMC8810102 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1999369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CI/R) injury results in serious brain tissue damage, thereby leading to long-term disability and mortality. It has been reported that dexmedetomidine (DEX) exerted neuroprotective effects in CI/R injury. Herein, we intended to investigate whether and how circular RNA (circRNA) cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 antisense RNA (circ-CDR1as) was involved in the DEX-mediated protection on hippocampal neurons. In our work, the mouse hippocampal neuronal cells (HT-22) were used to construct a hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R) model for CI/R injury. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by CCK-8 and flow cytometry. Gene expressions were detected by RT-qPCR. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) were measured by ELISA. The association between miR-28-3p and circ-CDR1as or TRAF3 was verified by dual-luciferase assay. The results indicated that DEX alleviated HT-22 cell dysfunction induced by H/R treatment. In addition, circ-CDR1as was downregulated after DEX treatment and reversed the effects of DEX on the proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses of H/R-treated HT-22 cells. Circ-CDR1as positively regulated TRAF3 expression via interaction with miR-28-3p in HT-22 cells. Circ-CDR1as aggravated H/R-treated HT-22 cell dysfunction through targeting miR-28-3p. Furthermore, TRAF3 inhibition partly abolished the effect of circ-CDR1as overexpression on cellular activities of H/R-treated HT-22 cells. To sum up, our findings, for the first time, demonstrated that DEX exerted neuroprotective effects on hippocampal neurons against H/R treatment via the circ-CDR1as/miR-28-3p/TRAF3 regulatory network, providing novel therapeutic targets for DEX administration in CI/R treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Liyang People's Hospital, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Liyang People's Hospital, Changzhou, P.R. China
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Wang N, Nie H, Zhang Y, Han H, Wang S, Liu W, Tian K. Dexmedetomidine exerts cerebral protective effects against cerebral ischemic injury by promoting the polarization of M2 microglia via the Nrf2/HO-1/NLRP3 pathway. Inflamm Res 2021; 71:93-106. [PMID: 34767031 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01515-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral ischemic injury is associated with long-term disability. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) can exert neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury. The present study explored the mechanism of Dex in cerebral ischemic injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS To this end, the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (p-MCAO) mouse model was established and treated with Dex or/and Nrf2 inhibitor ML385. Subsequently, microglia were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in sugar-free environment and thereafter treated with Dex, Nrf2 inhibitor, and NLRP3 lentiviral overexpression vector, respectively. RESULTS Dex alleviated the neurobehavioral deficit of p-MCAO mice, reduced brain water content, relieved pathological changes, and reduced cerebral infarction size. Dex promoted the polarization of microglia from M1 to M2, thus ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Our results showed that Dex promoted M2-polarization of microglia in vivo and in vitro by promoting HO-1 expression via Nrf2 nuclear import. Moreover, the Nrf2/HO-1 axis inhibited the activation of NLRP2 inflammasome and NLRP3 overexpression reversed the effect of Dex. CONCLUSION In conclusion, Dex promoted M2-polarization of microglia and attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation, and thus protected against cerebral ischemic injury by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huan Nie
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yueyue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huiying Han
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Kuo Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, Heilongjiang, China.
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Zhang L, Li N, Cui LL, Xue FS, Zhu ZJ. Intraoperative Low-Dose Dexmedetomidine Administration Associated with Reduced Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Pediatric Deceased Liver Transplantation: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Ann Transplant 2021; 26:e933354. [PMID: 34650026 PMCID: PMC8525313 DOI: 10.12659/aot.933354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dexmedetomidine (DEX) attenuates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) in adult liver transplantation (LT), but its effects on postoperative liver graft function in pediatric LT remain unclear. We sought to investigate whether intraoperative DEX administration was associated with improved liver graft function in pediatric LT recipients. It was hypothesized that DEX administration was associated with reduced HIRI and improved liver graft function. Material/Methods From November 2015 to May 2020, 54 deceased pediatric LT recipients were categorized into a control group and a DEX group. Intraoperatively, the DEX group received an additional infusion of DEX at 0.4 μg/kg/h from incision to the end of the operation in comparison with the control group. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were reviewed. Postoperative liver enzyme levels and HIRI severity were assessed and compared. Independent risk factors for HIRI were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis using a stepwise forward conditional method. Results We enrolled 28 and 26 patients in the DEX and control groups, respectively. Patients in the DEX group exhibited a reduced incidence of moderate-to-severe HIRI (88.5% vs 60.7%, P=0.020) and decreased level of serum alanine aminotransferase (median [interquartile range]: 407 [230–826] vs 714 [527–1492] IU/L, P=0.048) compared with the controls. Binary logistic analysis revealed that longer cold ischemia time (odds ratio [OR]=1.006; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.000–1.013; P=0.044) and intraoperative DEX use (OR=0.198; 95% CI=0.045–0.878; P=0.033) were independent predictors for moderate-to-severe HIRI. Conclusions Intraoperative low-dose DEX administration was associated with a lower incidence of moderate-to-severe HIRI in pediatric deceased LT. However, further studies are needed to confirm our results and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Na Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Ling-Li Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Fu-Shan Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhu
- Division of Liver Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).,Clinical Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland).,Liver Transplantation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China (mainland)
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Lu Y, Fang PP, Yu YQ, Cheng XQ, Feng XM, Wong GTC, Maze M, Liu XS. Effect of Intraoperative Dexmedetomidine on Recovery of Gastrointestinal Function After Abdominal Surgery in Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2128886. [PMID: 34648009 PMCID: PMC8517746 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Postoperative ileus is common after abdominal surgery, and small clinical studies have reported that intraoperative administration of dexmedetomidine may be associated with improvements in postoperative gastrointestinal function. However, findings have been inconsistent and study samples have been small. Further examination of the effects of intraoperative dexmedetomidine on postoperative gastrointestinal function is needed. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of intraoperative intravenous dexmedetomidine vs placebo on postoperative gastrointestinal function among older patients undergoing abdominal surgery. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University in Hefei, China (lead site), and 12 other tertiary hospitals in Anhui Province, China. A total of 808 participants aged 60 years or older who were scheduled to receive abdominal surgery with an expected surgical duration of 1 to 6 hours were enrolled. The study was conducted from August 21, 2018, to December 9, 2019. INTERVENTIONS Dexmedetomidine infusion (a loading dose of 0.5 μg/kg over 15 minutes followed by a maintenance dose of 0.2 μg/kg per hour) or placebo infusion (normal saline) during surgery. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was time to first flatus. Secondary outcomes were postoperative gastrointestinal function measured by the I-FEED (intake, feeling nauseated, emesis, physical examination, and duration of symptoms) scoring system, time to first feces, time to first oral feeding, incidence of delirium, pain scores, sleep quality, postoperative nausea and vomiting, hospital costs, and hospital length of stay. RESULTS Among 808 patients enrolled, 404 were randomized to receive intraoperative dexmedetomidine, and 404 were randomized to receive placebo. In total, 133 patients (60 in the dexmedetomidine group and 73 in the placebo group) were excluded because of protocol deviations, and 675 patients (344 in the dexmedetomidine group and 331 in the placebo group; mean [SD] age, 70.2 [6.1] years; 445 men [65.9%]) were included in the per-protocol analysis. The dexmedetomidine group had a significantly shorter time to first flatus (median, 65 hours [IQR, 48-78 hours] vs 78 hours [62-93 hours], respectively; P < .001), time to first feces (median, 85 hours [IQR, 68-115 hours] vs 98 hours [IQR, 74-121 hours]; P = .001), and hospital length of stay (median, 13 days [IQR, 10-17 days] vs 15 days [IQR, 11-18 days]; P = .005) than the control group. Postoperative gastrointestinal function (as measured by the I-FEED score) and delirium incidence were similar in the dexmedetomidine and control groups (eg, 248 patients [72.1%] vs 254 patients [76.7%], respectively, had I-FEED scores indicating normal postoperative gastrointestinal function; 18 patients [5.2%] vs 12 patients [3.6%] had delirium on postoperative day 3). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this randomized clinical trial, the administration of intraoperative dexmedetomidine reduced the time to first flatus, time to first feces, and length of stay after abdominal surgery. These results suggest that this therapy may be a viable strategy to enhance postoperative recovery of gastrointestinal function among older adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR1800017232.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Pan-Pan Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong-Qi Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xin-Qi Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | | | - Mervyn Maze
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Xue-Sheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Wei W, Sun Z, He S, Zhang W, Chen S. Protective role of dexmedetomidine against sevoflurane-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction via the microRNA-129/TLR4 axis. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 92:89-97. [PMID: 34509269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been indicated in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), while the mechanism is not well characterized. This study estimated the mechanism of Dex in POCD. Rats were anesthetized with sevoflurane (SEV) to evoke POCD and then subjected to Morris water maze test to detect the cognitive and behavioral function. Then, the damage of hippocampus and cortex, and apoptosis and activity of neurons were examined. Microarray analysis was performed to screen out the differentially expressed microRNAs (miRs) in rats after Dex treatment. The cognitive and behavioral functions and neuronal activity of rats were detected after miR-129 antagomir injection. The target of miR-129 was predicted. The levels of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in hippocampus and cortex were measured. Dex treatment alleviated SEV-induced behavior and cognitive impairments in rats, promoted neuronal activity and hindered neuronal apoptosis. After treatment with Dex, miR-129 expression was elevated in brain tissues, and the neuroprotection of Dex on POCD rats was partially annulled after injection of miR-129 antagomir. Furthermore, miR-129 targeted TLR4 and prevented the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. In summary, Dex ameliorated SEV-induced POCD by elevating miR-129 and inhibiting TLR4 and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. This study may shed new lights on POCD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Zhentao Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China.
| | - Shifeng He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Wanyue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China
| | - Sai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, PR China
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Xing J, Wu R, Liang L, Fang H, Chen L, Luo C. Comparison of the Analgesic Effects of Intravenous Infusion of Dexmedetomidine Versus Bilateral Superficial Cervical Plexus Block After Thyroidectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin J Pain 2021; 37:623-628. [PMID: 34155159 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is widely used in clinical practice because of its safety and effectiveness. Superficial cervical plexus block (SCPB) can reduce pain in thyroid surgery. The objective of this study was to investigated whether intravenous DEX has an equivalent analgesic effect and patients' satisfaction to SCPB for thyroid surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety patients who had been scheduled for thyroidectomy under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group D: DEX was administered intravenously at an initial dose of 1 µg/kg over 10 minutes; then induction and endotracheal intubation performed, and then a continuous intravenous infusion of DEX was administered at a rate of 0.4 μg/kg/h until 30 minutes before the end of surgery. Group B: ultrasound-guided bilateral SCPB was performed, with 10 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine injected on each side. Group C: intravenous saline was administered at the same rate and dose as in group D. Patients' perioperative status, visual analog scale scores, complications and patients' satisfaction were recorded. RESULTS The pain at rest at 1 hour after extubation and the movement-evoked pain within 24 hours after extubation were significantly lower in groups D and B than in group C. Patients' satisfaction was significantly higher in groups D and B than in group C. There was no difference in pain at rest, movement-evoked pain and patients' satisfaction between group D and B. CONCLUSIONS Perioperative intravenous infusion of DEX can effectively reduce wound pain after thyroidectomy, and the analgesic effect is equivalent to that of bilateral SCPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibin Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Ranliang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Ling Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The People's Hospital of Gaoming, Foshan, China
| | - Hongyi Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Liubing Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Chenfang Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
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A One-Day Prospective National Observational Study on Sedation-Analgesia of Patients with Brain Injury in French Intensive Care Units: The SEDA-BIP-ICU (Sedation-Analgesia in Brain Injury Patient in ICU) Study. Neurocrit Care 2021; 36:266-278. [PMID: 34331208 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-021-01298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedation/analgesia is a daily challenge faced by intensivists managing patients with brain injury (BI) in intensive care units (ICUs). The optimization of sedation in patients with BI presents particular challenges. A choice must be made between the potential benefit of a rapid clinical evaluation and the potential exacerbation of intracranial hypertension in patients with impaired cerebral compliance. In the ICU, a pragmatic approach to the use of sedation/analgesia, including the optimal titration, management of multiple drugs, and use of any type of brain monitor, is needed. Our research question was as follows: the aim of the study is to identify what is the current daily practice regarding sedation/analgesia in the management of patients with BI in the ICU in France? METHODS This study was composed of two parts. The first part was a descriptive survey of sedation practices and characteristics in 30 French ICUs and 27 academic hospitals specializing in care for patients with BI. This first step validates ICU participation in data collection regarding sedation-analgesia practices. The second part was a 1-day prospective cross-sectional snapshot of all characteristics and prescriptions of patients with BI. RESULTS On the study day, among the 246 patients with BI, 106 (43%) had a brain monitoring device and 74 patients (30%) were sedated. Thirty-nine of the sedated patients (53%) suffered from intracranial hypertension, 14 patients (19%) suffered from agitation and delirium, and 7 patients (9%) were sedated because of respiratory failure. Fourteen patients (19%) no longer had a formal indication for sedation. In 60% of the sedated patients, the sedatives were titrated by nurses based on sedation scales. The Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale was used in 80% of the patients, and the Behavioral Pain Scale was used in 92%. The common sedatives and opioids used were midazolam (58.1%), propofol (40.5%), and sufentanil (67.5%). The cerebral monitoring devices available in the participating ICUs were transcranial Doppler ultrasound (100%), intracranial and intraventricular pressure monitoring (93.3%), and brain tissue oxygenation (60%). Cerebral monitoring by one or more monitoring devices was performed in 62% of the sedated patients. This proportion increased to 74% in the subgroup of patients with intracranial hypertension, with multimodal cerebral monitoring in 43.6%. The doses of midazolam and sufentanil were lower in sedated patients managed based on a sedation/analgesia scale. CONCLUSIONS Midazolam and sufentanil are frequently used, often in combination, in French ICUs instead of alternative drugs. In our study, cerebral monitoring was performed in more than 60% of the sedated patients, although that proportion is still insufficient. Future efforts should stress the use of multiple monitoring modes and adherence to the indications for sedation to improve care of patients with BI. Our study suggests that the use of sedation and analgesia scales by nurses involved in the management of patients with BI could decrease the dosages of midazolam and sufentanil administered. Updated guidelines are needed for the management of sedation/analgesia in patients with BI.
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Effects of Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonist Mafedine on Brain Electrical Activity in Rats after Traumatic Brain Injury. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11080981. [PMID: 34439602 PMCID: PMC8392538 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11080981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for and development of new neuroprotective (or cerebroprotective) drugs, as well as suitable methods for their preclinical efficacy evaluation, are priorities for current biomedical research. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, such as mafedine and dexmedetomidine, are a highly appealing group of drugs capable of reducing neurological deficits which result from brain trauma and vascular events in both experimental animals and human patients. Thus, our aim was to assess the effects of mafedine and dexmedetomidine on the brain’s electrical activity in a controlled cortical-impact model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. The functional status of the animals was assessed by electrocorticography (ECoG), using ECoG electrodes which were chronically implanted in different cortical regions. The administration of intraperitoneal mafedine sodium at 2.5 mg∙kg−1 at 1 h after TBI induction, and daily for the following 6 days, restored interhemispheric connectivity in remote brain regions and intrahemispheric connections within the unaffected hemisphere at post-TBI day 7. Animals that had received mafedine sodium also demonstrated an improvement in cortical responses to photic and somatosensory stimulation. Dexmedetomidine at 25 μg∙kg−1 did not affect the brain’s electrical activity in brain-injured rats. Our results confirm the previously described neuroprotective effects of mafedine sodium and suggest that ECoG registration and analysis are a viable method evaluating drug efficacy in experimental animal models of TBI.
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Li X, Wang Y, Liu J, Xiong Y, Chen S, Han J, Xie W, Wu Q. Effects of perioperative interventions for preventing postoperative delirium: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26662. [PMID: 34398027 PMCID: PMC8294881 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative delirium (POD) not only increases the medical burden but also adversely affects patient prognosis. Although some cases of delirium can be avoided by early intervention, there is no clear evidence indicating whether any of these measures can effectively prevent POD in specific patient groups. OBJECTIVE The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy and safety of the existing preventive measures for managing POD. METHODS The PubMed, OVID (Embase and MEDLINE), Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published before January 2020. The relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extraction and methodological quality assessment were performed according to a predesigned data extraction form and scoring system, respectively. The interventions were compared on the basis of the primary outcome like incidence of POD, and secondary outcomes like duration of delirium and the length of intensive care unit and hospital stay. RESULTS Sixty-three RCTs were included in the study, covering interventions like surgery, anesthesia, analgesics, intraoperative blood glucose control, cholinesterase inhibitors, anticonvulsant drugs, antipsychotic drugs, sleep rhythmic regulation, and multi-modal nursing. The occurrence of POD was low in 4 trials that monitored the depth of anesthesia with bispectral index during the operation (P < .0001). Two studies showed that supplementary analgesia was useful for delirium prevention (P = .002). Seventeen studies showed that perioperative sedation with α2-adrenergic receptor agonists prevented POD (P = .0006). Six studies showed that both typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs can reduce the incidence of POD (P = .002). Multimodal nursing during the perioperative period effectively reduced POD in 6 studies (P < .00001). Furthermore, these preventive measures can reduce the duration of delirium, as well as the total and postoperative length of hospitalized stay for non-cardiac surgery patients. For patients undergoing cardiac surgery, effective prevention can only reduce the length of intensive care unit stay. CONCLUSION Measures including intraoperative monitoring of bispectral index, supplemental analgesia, α2-adrenergic receptor agonists, antipsychotic drugs, and multimodal care are helpful to prevent POD effectively. However, larger, high-quality RCTs are needed to verify these findings and develop more interventions and drugs for preventing postoperative delirium.
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Administration of Low-Dose Dexmedetomidine Did Not Affect Acute Inflammatory Response after Cytoreductive Surgery Combined with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10143145. [PMID: 34300310 PMCID: PMC8303433 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10143145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), attenuation of inflammatory responses that increase susceptibility to postoperative complications, morbidity, and mortality is important. We aimed to evaluate whether intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion impacted inflammatory response in patients undergoing CRS with HIPEC. Fifty-six patients scheduled for CRS with HIPEC were randomly assigned to the control (n = 28) and dexmedetomidine (n = 28) groups. The primary endpoint was the effect of dexmedetomidine on the interleukin-6 (IL-6) level measured at pre-operation (Pre-OP), before HIPEC initiation (Pre-HIPEC), immediately after HIPEC; after the end of the operation; and on postoperative day (POD) 1. In both groups, the IL-6 levels from Pre-HIPEC until POD 1 and the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels on PODs 1, 2, and 3 were significantly higher than the Pre-OP values (all Bonferroni corrected, p < 0.001). However, total differences in IL-6 and CRP levels, based on the mean area under the curve, were not detected between the two groups. The continuous intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine (0.4 μg/kg/h) in patients undergoing CRS with HIPEC did not significantly lower the inflammatory indices. Further dose investigative studies are needed to find the dexmedetomidine dose that provides anti-inflammatory and sympatholytic effects during HIPEC.
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Xu L, Li T, Chen Q, Liu Z, Chen Y, Hu K, Zhang X. The α2AR/Caveolin-1/p38MAPK/NF-κB axis explains dexmedetomidine protection against lung injury following intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6361-6372. [PMID: 34114328 PMCID: PMC8406475 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury can result in acute lung injury due to ischaemia and hypoxia. Dexmedetomidine (Dex), a highly selective alpha2-noradrenergic receptor (α2AR) agonist used in anaesthesia, is reported to regulate inflammation in organs. This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of Dex in lung injury caused by intestinal I/R. After establishing a rat model of intestinal I/R, we measured the wet-to-dry specific gravity of rat lungs upon treatments with Dex, SB239063 and the α2AR antagonist Atipamezole. Moreover, injury scoring and histopathological studies of lung tissues were performed, followed by ELISA detection on tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 expression. Correlation of Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) protein expression with p38, p-p38, p-p65 and p65 in rat lung tissues was analysed, and the degree of cell apoptosis in lung tissues after intestinal I/R injury was detected by TUNEL assay. The lung injury induced by intestinal I/R was a dynamic process. Moreover, Dex had protective effects against lung injury by mediating the expression of Cal-1 and α2A -AR. Specifically, Dex promoted Cav-1 expression via α2A -AR activation and mitigated intestinal I/R-induced lung injury, even in the presence of Atipamezole. The protective effect of Dex on intestinal I/R-induced lung injury was also closely related to α2A -AR/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases/nuclear factor-kappaB (MAPK/NF-κB) pathway. Dex can alleviate pulmonary inflammation after in intestinal I/R by promoting Cav-1 to inhibit the activation of p38 and NF-κB. In conclusion, Dex can reduce pulmonary inflammatory response even after receiving threats from both intestinal I/R injury and Atipamezole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Taiyuan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Qiuhong Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Yuesheng Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Kai Hu
- Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of traditional Chinese MedicineNanchangChina
| | - Xuekang Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
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Guo Z, Wang W, Xie D, Lin R. Effect of supplemental dexmedetomidine in interventional embolism on cerebral oxygen metabolism in patients with intracranial aneurysms. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211002960. [PMID: 33823639 PMCID: PMC8033473 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211002960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of supplemental dexmedetomidine in interventional
embolism on cerebral oxygen metabolism in patients with intracranial
aneurysms. Methods Ninety patients who underwent interventional embolism of intracranial
aneurysms were equally divided into Group A and Group B. In Group A,
dexmedetomidine was injected intravenously 10 minutes before inducing
anesthesia, with a loading dose of 0.6 µg/kg followed by 0.4 µg/kg/hour.
Group B received the same amount of normal saline by the same injection
method. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), arterial–jugular
venous oxygen difference [D(a-jv) (O2)], cerebral oxygen
extraction [CE (O2)], and intraoperative propofol use were
recorded before inducing anesthesia (T0) and at five time points
thereafter. Results The amount of propofol in Group A was lower vs Group B. At all five time
points after T0, HR, MAP, D(a-jv) (O2), and CE
(O2) in Group A were significantly lower vs Group B, with
significant differences for jugular venous oxygen saturation
(SjvO2) and the oxygen content of the internal
jugular vein (CjvO2) between the groups. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine resulted in less intraoperative propofol, lower D(a-jv)
(O2) and CE (O2), and improved cerebral oxygen
metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Dahua Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Ruisheng Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
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Zhang X, Bai Y, Shi M, Ming S, Jin X, Xie Y. Effect of different administration and dosage of dexmedetomidine in the reduction of emergence agitation in children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with sequential trial analysis. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:929-957. [PMID: 34012842 PMCID: PMC8107879 DOI: 10.21037/tp-21-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beneficial effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) against emergence agitation (EA) in children remain controversial. We performed a more comprehensive meta-analysis to evaluate the protective effect of different administration routes, timing, patterns, and doses of DEX on EA in children. METHODS The randomized controlled trials about DEX preventing EA in children were searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Sciences up to October 7, 2020. The traditional meta-analysis and subgroup analysis were performed to study the influence of DEX on EA in children. The sequential trial analysis (TSA) further analyzed the pooled results to evaluate meta-analyses' robustness. Grading of recommendation, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess evidence quality. RESULTS Sixty-seven studies with 5,688 pediatric patients were included. DEX significantly decreased EA in children compared to placebo [RR 0.29, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.25-0.34] and midazolam (RR 0.34, 95% CI: 0.25-0.45), with firm evidence from TSA. Notably, using DEX significantly reduced severe EA incidence (RR 0.23, 95% CI: 0.16-0.32), with firm evidence by TSA and high quality of GRADE. Pre-specified subgroup analyses revealed firm and high-quality evidence for a reduction of EA, only if the perineural route administers DEX (RR 0.24, 95% CI: 0.14-0.41), as premedication (RR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.20-0.36), as continuous dosage (RR 0.25, 95% CI: 0.18-0.33), at high dose (RR 0.24, 95% CI: 0.18-0.31). The pooled results also showed that DEX reduced the incidence of PONV compared to placebo (RR 0.43, 95% CI: 0.33-0.55). Evidence for DEX's influence on other secondary outcomes (emergence time, time in PACU, rescue analgesia, hypotension, and bradycardia) is insufficient to draw any conclusion. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm the beneficial effects of DEX on EA, severe EA, and PONV in children. There was firm and high-quality evidence for the efficacy of DEX in preventing EA in children when perineural routes administered DEX, as premedication, as continuous dosage, and at a high dose. The best dose, route, patterns, and timing of DEX and influence on other outcomes call for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shaopeng Ming
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaogao Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yubo Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Yu Q, Li Q, Yang X, Liu Q, Deng J, Zhao Y, Hu R, Dai M. Dexmedetomidine suppresses the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm by downregulating the mircoRNA‑21/PDCD 4 axis. Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:90. [PMID: 33786608 PMCID: PMC8029612 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a pathological state with permanent dilation, which indicates a fatal potential for aortic rupture. It has been reported that dexmedetomidine (Dex) and microRNA (miR)-21 are involved in the progression of AAA. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the joint effects of these factors on AAA treatment. For this purpose, rat models of AAA were established with enzyme perfusion and the rats were then injected with Dex. Alterations in the abdominal aorta in rats with AAA were recorded. miR-21 expression in the rats with AAA was determined. Inflammatory factor expression was detected by western blot analysis. Subsequently, a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to verify the targeting association between miR-21 and programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4). Additionally, AAA-related indices and inflammatory responses were examined by an injection of a combination of antagomiR (ant)-miR-21 and Dex or lentivirus-PDCD4-short hairpin RNA. It was found that Dex markedly alleviated the development of AAA and downregulated the expression of inflammatory factors and matrix metalloproteinase in rats with AAA. The high expression of miR-21, which targets PDCD4, was observed in the rats with AAA. However, ant-miR-21 induced AAA development and inflammatory responses. Additionally, the inhibition of PDCD4 reduced AAA development and inflammatory responses. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that Dex inhibits AAA development by downregulating the miR-21/PCDP4 axis. The findings of the present study may provide novel insight for the treatment of AAA. These findings may provide a reference for the future treatment of AAA and may provide theoretical guidance for the early prevention and development of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xinglong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ruilin Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Deng Y, Ma G, Gao F, Sun X, Liu L, Mo D, Ma N, Song L, Huo X, He H, Miao Z. SOX9 Knockdown-Mediated FOXO3 Downregulation Confers Neuroprotection Against Ischemic Brain Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:555175. [PMID: 33791290 PMCID: PMC8006459 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.555175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence exists uncovering that SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) plays a role in ischemic brain injury (IBI). Thus, the current study was conducted to elucidate the specific role of SOX9 and the mechanism by which SOX9 influenced IBI. Methods The IBI-associated regulatory factors were searched by bioinformatics analysis. The rat model of IBI was generated using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) treatment. Neuronal cells were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The expressions of SOX9, forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), transcription of Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator with Glu/Asp-rich carboxy-terminal domain 2 (CITED2), and IκB kinase α (IKKα) in OGD-treated neuronal cells were characterized using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. The interaction among CITED2, IKKα, and FOXO3 was identified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual luciferase reporter gene assays. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to verify the relationship among SOX9, FOXO3, CITED2, and IKKα and to investigate their functional effects on apoptosis and the inflammatory response of OGD-treated neuronal cells as well as neurological deficit and infarct area of the rat brain. Results SOX9, FOXO3, CITED2, and IKKα were highly expressed in OGD-treated neuronal cells. Silencing of SOX9 inhibited OGD-induced neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory response and reduced the neurological deficit and infarct area of the brain in the rats, which were caused by MCAO but were reversed by overexpressing FOXO3, CITED2, or IKKα. Conclusion Taken together, our study suggested that upregulation of SOX9 promoted IBI though upregulation of the FOXO3/CITED2/IKKα axis, highlighting a basic therapeutic consideration for IBI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Deng
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoting Ma
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Dapeng Mo
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Ligang Song
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Huo
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei He
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongrong Miao
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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Pharmacokinetics of Intravenously and Intraperitoneally Administered Mafedine Sodium in Mice. Pharm Chem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Dong Q, Li C, Xiao F, Xie Y. Efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: Evidence from randomized controlled trials. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00658. [PMID: 33179456 PMCID: PMC7658106 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine in patients receiving mechanical ventilation (MV) is still controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to assess the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine in MV patients by reviewing the results of randomized controlled trials (RCT). RCTs evaluating the efficacy of dexmedetomidine in the treatment of MV patients were obtained by searching relevant online databases, including PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Medline, OVID, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Literature meeting the inclusion criteria were selected and evaluated by two researchers independently. Risk ratio (RR)/standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to express the differences between groups. Seven RCTs were included in our study, with 986 participants in the dexmedetomidine group and 862 participants in the control group. Summary analysis results displayed no reduction in 30-day mortality (RR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.59 to 1.02), delirium (RR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.57 to 1.03), and adverse events (RR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.22 to 5.08) in the dexmedetomidine group compared with the control group. As the length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) were presented as median and interquartile range (IQR)/standard deviation (SD), descriptive analysis of the results were performed. Generally, for 99.65% (953/986) of patients, dexmedetomidine was not better than the control group in reducing ICU length of stay. Our results demonstrate that for patients requiring MV, dexmedetomidine was not superior to the control group. However, analysis of more RCTs is required to confirm this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Dong
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Chunlai Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Yubo Xie
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
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Wu Z, Xue H, Zhang Y, Zhao P. Dexmedetomidine alleviates neurobehavioral impairments and myelination deficits following lipopolysaccharide exposure in early postnatal rats. Life Sci 2020; 263:118556. [PMID: 33038375 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS White matter injury (WMI) is the main form of brain injury in preterm neonate survivors, and perinatal inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of WMI. It has been demonstrated that dexmedetomidine, an anesthetic adjuvant, possesses neuroprotective effects in both preclinical and clinical trials. The present study was conducted to explore whether dexmedetomidine could protect against neurobehavioral impairments and myelination deficits caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure in the early postnatal rat brain. MAIN METHODS LPS (2 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected in Sprague-Dawley rat pups on postnatal day 2 (P2). Dexmedetomidine (25 μg/kg) or vehicle was given i.p. immediately after LPS injection. STAT3 and p-STAT3 expression were detected by western blot in rat brain 24 h after drug administration. Immunostaining for GFAP to was performed to evaluate astrocytic response at 24 h post-LPS and P14. Neurobehavioral tests (the righting reflex, negative geotaxis, and wire hanging maneuver tests) were performed from P5 to P10. Histological analysis of myelin content was accessed by immunohistochemistry for CNPase and MBP at P14. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that treatment with dexmedetomidine significantly ameliorated LPS-induced neurobehavioral abnormalities and myelin damage, which is accompanied by suppression of STAT3 activation and reactive astrogliosis. SIGNIFICANCE Dexmedetomidine can alleviate neurobehavioral impairments and myelination deficits after LPS exposure in early postnatal rats, probably by mitigating STAT3-mediated reactive astrogliosis. Our results suggest that dexmedetomidine might be a promising agent to treat brain injury in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Hang Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yahan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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Gong W, Zhang S, Li X, Shi L. Dexmedetomidine is superior to midazolam for sedation and cerebral protection in postoperative hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage patients: a retrospective study. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520957554. [PMID: 32967514 PMCID: PMC7521051 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520957554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dexmedetomidine has a good sedative effect and does not affect the judgment of the patient's consciousness level. However, its effectiveness for sedation and cerebral protection after craniotomy in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) patients is unknown. METHODS A retrospective study of 164 postoperative HICH patients who underwent sedation with dexmedetomidine or midazolam was conducted. The Ramsay sedation score, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), and respiratory rate were measured at the indicated time points. Human soluble protein-100β (S-100β) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels were also compared between the two groups. RESULTS Dexmedetomidine treatment showed a significantly better effect than midazolam on decreasing the frequency of apparent agitation. The MAP and HR, but not the SpO2, were significantly decreased and lower than those in midazolam group. Detection of plasma S-100β and NSE proteins revealed a significant decrease in the dexmedetomidine group compared with the midazolam group. The 6-month follow-up evaluation indicated a significantly better prognosis of postoperative HICH patients treated with dexmedetomidine than for those treated with midazolam. CONCLUSIONS Dexmedetomidine is effective for sedation in postoperative HICH patients and may be beneficial for their outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, P.R. China
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Hu YD, Tang CL, Jiang JZ, Lv HY, Wu YB, Qin XD, Shi S, Zhao B, Zhu XN, Xia ZY. Neuroprotective Effects of Dexmedetomidine Preconditioning on Oxygen-glucose Deprivation-reoxygenation Injury in PC12 Cells via Regulation of Ca 2+-STIM1/Orai1 Signaling. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:699-707. [PMID: 32862381 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a potent and highly selective agonist for α2-adrenergic receptors (α2AR), exerts neuroprotective effects by reducing apoptosis through decreased neuronal Ca2+ influx. However, the exact action mechanism of DEX and its effects on oxygen-glucose deprivation-reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury in vitro are unknown. We demonstrate that DEX pretreatment reduced OGD/R injury in PC12 cells, as evidenced by decreased oxidative stress, autophagy, and neuronal apoptosis. Specifically, DEX pretreatment decreased the expression levels of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (Orai1), and reduced the concentration of intracellular calcium pools. In addition, variations in cytosolic calcium concentration altered apoptosis rate of PC12 cells after exposure to hypoxic conditions, which were modulated through STIM1/Orai1 signaling. Moreover, DEX pretreatment decreased the expression levels of Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3), hallmark markers of autophagy, and the formation of autophagosomes. In conclusion, these results suggested that DEX exerts neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress, autophagy, and neuronal apoptosis after OGD/R injury via modulation of Ca2+-STIM1/Orai1 signaling. Our results offer insights into the molecular mechanisms of DEX in protecting against neuronal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-da Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chao-Liang Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Jia-Zhen Jiang
- Department of Emergency, Huashan Hospital North, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201907, China
| | - Hai-Yan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yuan-Bo Wu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Xiu-de Qin
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Abstract
Better ways to manage preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative care of surgical patients is the bailiwick of anesthesiologists. Although we care for patients of all ages, protecting the cognitive capacity of elderly patients more frequently requires procedures and practices that go beyond routine care for nonelderly adults. This narrative review will consider current understanding of the reasons that elderly patients need enhanced care, and recommendations for that care based on established and recent empirical research. In that latter regard, unless and until we are able to classify anesthetic neurotoxicity as a rare complication, the first-do-no-harm approach should: (1) add anesthesia to surgical intervention on the physiological cost side of the cost/benefit ratio when making decisions about whether and when to proceed with surgery; (2) minimize anesthetic depth and periods of electroencephalographic suppression; (3) limit the duration of continuous anesthesia whenever possible; (4) consider the possibility that regional anesthesia with deep sedation may be as neurotoxic as general anesthesia; and (5) when feasible, use regional anesthesia with light or no sedation.
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